997:, becoming highly visible in 2008 when cell phone footage of recruits being beaten were leaked to YouTube. While official sources had beforehand denied that hazing was occurring in the Azerbaijani military, afterward abusive personnel were arrested and criminal cases were opened by military prosecutors. Independent researchers, including the military think-tank Doktrina Center, stated that hazing was on the rise. The Doktrina Center stated that from 2003 to 2012, 647 Azerbaijani soldiers died, 472 in noncombat situations. Activists contended that the Azerbaijani government concealed the extent of hazing and abuse in the military. In March 2013, large protests to demand greater openness and crackdowns on hazing were organized in Baku and were broken up by riot police; 80 demonstrators were arrested.
718:. Manifestations of dedovshchina in the Russian army include forcing recruits to fully serve their "grandfathers" (for example, to wash their laundry), taking away money, clothes and food, subjecting them to systematic abuse and even torture, beating them severely, often causing serious bodily harm. Recently, extortion of money to credit a cell phone account has become very common. Recruits are forced to call home and ask their parents to top up their "grandfather's" account or buy a recharge card, which will then go to the same account. Conscript service in the Russian Armed Forces is often not very different from the procedures and relations between prisoners in
667:(battery, torture, actions that grossly offend human dignity, robbery, etc.). Responsibility is incurred under the general criminal procedure. Actions of a serviceman who allowed non-regular relations, which do not fall under the definition of a crime, should be regarded as a disciplinary offense (violation of the order of coming on duty for a shift, coercion to perform household chores (if it is not associated with physical violence), coercion to perform non-regular rituals (also without physical violence), etc.). In this case, the responsibility comes in accordance with the requirements of the Disciplinary Regulations of the
1149:'The transfer from a lower hierarchical level to a higher one is carried out in the process of the ritual of "interruption" or "transfer". A soldier who did not earn the respect of his fellow soldiers or who violated the principles of dedovshchina, and who refused to live "according to the dedovshchina" within three "golden days" after arriving at the military unit (the so-called "statutory" or "tightened"), may remain "unbroken" - in this case, he is not entitled to the privileges of the higher levels of the unofficial hierarchy, but is equated with "spirits" or "smells". This happens infrequently, as an exception."
856:
first-year soldiers who performed work. Such relations required the young soldiers to obey any instructions of the old soldiers without question, and to break and turn the recruits into slaves, they were subjected to pressure and violence. Thus, according to this version, dedovshchina originated as a method of managing the non-statutory economic activities of military units. Over time, in a number of military units, officers began to use dedovshchina as a method of management, as they did not want to engage in training young people themselves, as well as educational work.
735:" (the case of the murder of five fellow military servicemen, as well as the head of the guard, his assistant and the train conductor, on February 23, 1987, by a Lithuanian private of the internal troops Arturas Sakalauskas. The reason for this was bullying by these colleagues with the non-interference or tacit approval of the guard and the conductor). There have been cases where recruits who went on guard duty with military weapons shot their fellow soldiers who had humiliated them beforehand, including the case that formed the basis of the 1990 film
844:, and a solution was found. People with a criminal record began to be drafted into the army, which had previously been completely excluded. Ideologically, this looked like a correction of fellow citizens who had strayed. However, in reality, things were different: the internal life of the army had changed for the worse. Along with the criminal element, the barracks were infiltrated by criminal networks, and thieves' jargon penetrated the soldiers' language. Copying prison customs, former criminals introduced ritual humiliation and abuse.
797:"Tsuk" was an outright mockery of the elders over the younger ones: the younger ones were required to do things that were not supposed to be done by senior cadets: salute, make them do squats, howl at the Moon, give them offensive nicknames, wake them up repeatedly at night, and so on. Not only were the officers-educators of military educational institutions aware of the abuse, many of them were convinced that "pull-ups give the junior class discipline and training, and the senior class practice in the use of power".
179:
801:
live "according to the statute" were relieved of the "tsuk", but they were not considered "theirs", called "red" and treated with disdain. Lower-level commanders, such as platoon commanders and watchmasters, were particularly picky about the "reds", and most importantly, after graduation, no Guards regiment accepted them into its officer circle. Therefore, the vast majority of cadets preferred to live "according to tradition", the shortcomings of which were attributed to camaraderie.
1165:(scoop). The number of strokes is usually equal to the number of months served. The transfer from "grandfathers" to "demobilized" is symbolic, without physical action: the future demobilized man is "beaten" on the backside with a thread through a layer of mattresses and pillows, and a specially selected "spirit" "screams in pain" for him. In some units, additional strokes are given for the merits earned by the time of "transfer" (the rank of corporal or sergeant).
77:
1194:
less widespread in troops or units whose soldiers have constant access to personal combat weapons (e.g., the
Internal Troops)." In addition, dedovshchina is not widespread in aviation units. Dedovshchina is not widespread in small, remote units (for example, air defense radar reconnaissance units). The least manifestations of dedovshchina are observed in units where unit commanders do not use the work of soldiers for personal gain.
36:
941:
day. Inspections began. The first deputy commander of the
Federal Railway Service, General Gurov, came from Moscow. There was a prosecutor's inspection. The commander and his deputy were brought to disciplinary responsibility. However, the illegal work continued until October 2004. The offenders became somewhat more cautious, and organized "fake" work – knocking down container boxes – on the territory of the unit.
1180:"On dismissal to the reserve" (for example, in a newspaper), the entire military uniform, including socks and underwear, is torn into small pieces on the "godok". The ritual is also performed unexpectedly for the "godok". After the "tearing", the "godok" becomes a "profsoyuz", i.e. a civilian. Any serviceman up to the "spirit" has the right to take part in the "tearing".
1136:: "sarakot" (perhaps that is why the navy calls "dedovshchina" "godkovshchina)". In reality, the ruling upper caste is the old-service men. They resort to physical violence in person in exceptional cases, mainly acting through "half-hearted" people. In turn, informal influence on the staff by officers is carried out exclusively through "godoks");
784:
originality and were obviously developed by generations of predecessors. The harsh "majors" of the first class forced the newcomers to "eat flies" as a punishment and just for fun, made "virgula" and "grease" on their short-cropped heads, and simply hit them in the ears on every occasion and even without it.
906:, states: "The country's top military leadership has managed to defend the idea of preserving the Soviet-style mass mobilization army. This model, in principle, excludes any serious responsibility of commanders for the life and health of their subordinates, reduces conscripts to the position of slaves."
975:
military, and government investigations have been criticized for characterizing deaths due to hazing as suicides without further investigation or punishment. The 2017 death of recruit
Alexander Korzhych was particularly notorious for the brutal circumstances of his death (he was found hanging, with a
821:
term brought about by the law of 12 October 1967, causing two different groups of conscripts to be simultaneously present in the army: those who were drafted for three-year service and those only for two-year service. However, A.D. Glotochkin researched psychological problems of young soldiers before
813:
was recorded in 1919. Three old soldiers of the 1st
Regiment of the 30th Division beat to death their fellow soldier, Red Army soldier Kupriyanov, a native of the Balakovo district of the Saratov region born in 1901, because the young soldier refused to do their work for the "grandfathers". According
1000:
Treatment of conscripts has been an issue in
Armenia. 2010 saw public outcry due to a number of violent shooting incidents and the posting of a video which showed an officer beating two soldiers. Activists complained that the Ministry of Defense was reluctant to provide any information regarding the
940:
Railway. They filmed dozens of soldiers being transported to work: 32 people to weeding, 10 people to "Rotor" (Volgograd football club). There were 3 or 4 foreign cars with entrepreneurs, minibuses that took the soldiers. There is information that about 200 soldiers were taken out of the unit on one
800:
Participation in such customs was relatively voluntary: when a yesterday's cadet, gymnasium student or student entered the school, the elders first asked him how he wished to live – "according to the glorious tradition of the school or according to the legal statute?" Those who expressed a desire to
1193:
It is generally believed that the most vicious forms of dedovshchina are characteristic of "second-rate" units and branches of the military, especially the construction battalion (Стройбат), but dedovshchina is often revealed in units and formations that are considered "elite". Dedovshchina is much
749:
Boys are always socialized not only vertically (adult males socialize boys) but also horizontally, through belonging to a peer group. In these groups, informal rules and customs are often formed, the observance of which is so important for young people that they are primarily guided by them, rather
713:
Manifestations of dedovshchina can be very different. In its milder forms, it does not involve threats to life and health or serious humiliation: recruits perform household chores for old men and, from time to time, their household tasks. In its extreme manifestation, dedovshchina reaches the point
1139:
3 years - "profsoyuz" (labor union), "civilian" (This "rank" was granted after the publication of the order of the
Russian Minister of Defense on dismissal to the reserve. Immediately after the order of the Minister of Defense, a "godok" was informally recognized as discharged and removed from the
928:
In
October 2003, Samara, Guards motorized rifle regiment of constant readiness. Soldiers who worked at Carton-Pack LLC explained that they did not receive combat training during their "extra work". As a result, they never acquired the necessary combat skills during their entire service. Private E.
560:
traditions", etc. In the second case, the offender's unlawful actions are motivated by personal hostile relations, national, ethnic, religious hostility, property relations, unexpectedly arising hostile relations, etc. see the commentary of the
Criminal Code in the articles providing for liability
1172:
When translated from "crucian carp" to "one-and-a-half", the so-called "flushing of scales" takes place. Depending on the weather conditions and the location of the action, the "crucian carp" "wash off the scales" by throwing them overboard, dipping them in an ice hole, pouring them out of a fire
955:
and seven other soldiers were beaten for about three hours by their fellow soldiers who were "celebrating" the holidays in this way, received a huge response. Sychyov, who went to military doctors, did not receive the necessary medical care in time. Only by the end of the holidays, due to a sharp
855:
According to another version, in the late 1960s, some unit commanders began to widely use soldiers' labor for personal material gain. The non-statutory economic activities of military units led to the emergence of a system of non-statutory relations in which old soldiers acted as supervisors over
1797:
Glotochkin A. D. "Formation of relationships in the military collective (platoon, company) on the basis of the requirements of military regulations: Dissertation of
Candidate of Ped. sciences (in psychology)". / Глоточкин А. Д. "Формирование взаимоотношений в воинском коллективе (взвод, рота) на
1184:
Usually, the "transfer" takes place on the first night after the
Russian Minister of Defense's order "On Discharge to the Reserve" is issued (usually on September 27 and March 27), but may be postponed for several days, as the command of any unit is well aware of the procedures of "transfer" and
730:
of conscripts from units and suicides among them. In addition, a significant part of violent crimes in the army is associated with dedovshchina: in some cases, these are crimes of "grandfathers" that have been identified and brought to court, in others, the actions of recruits in response to the
909:
The bulk of the publicized cases of dedovshchina in the Russian Army are related to the use of young soldiers' labor for personal gain by the command staff of military units. Dedovshchina originated in the 1960s in the Soviet army as a method of managing the non-statutory economic activities of
851:
However, there are reasons to doubt this version. According to the candidate of sociological sciences A. Solnyshkov, the first and most productive works of Soviet scientists dealing with the issues of dedovshchina appeared in 1964. In addition, according to him, over forty years of studying the
847:
In addition, according to other reports, when the time of service was reduced from three to two years, for some time in the same military unit there were both those who were completing their third year and newly enrolled soldiers who were supposed to serve one year less. The latter circumstance
757:
in the 16th through 18th centuries, where the authority of fellow students was even more cruel and capricious than that of teachers. The school community was of all ages. The age at which boys were sent to school ranged from 8–9 to 16–17 years old. The inequality in strength, age, and length of
1125:
1 year 6 months - "one-and-a-half" (The first degree of "untouchables". Subject only to moral pressure from senior officers for neglecting their subordinates. A "one-and-a-half" is considered the most evil and merciless creature. At this level, people with low moral standards are very clearly
709:
Often, informal relationships are accompanied by humiliation and physical violence (assault). The direct victims of the phenomenon are team members who, for one reason or another, have a low status in the informal hierarchy (status can be determined by seniority, physical, psychophysiological
783:
I had to listen to a long narrative about the bitter fate and misfortunes of the poor first-graders, who were "traditionally" cruelly insulted by the "majors" – second-year students, not to mention the upper grades. The techniques of this infantile "tsuka" were striking in their variety and
705:
Objective studies show that dedovshchina is a product of non-statutory economic activity in the armed forces. At the same time, dedovshchina is an auxiliary tool in the hands of the leadership, which can shift most of its responsibilities for maintaining order to the leaders of the informal
1506:
Pronoza Andrii Viktorovych “Dedovshchyna" as a socio-cultural phenomenon: mechanisms and form of reproduction. A dissertation for the degree of Candidate of Sociological Sciences. Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 2005. UDC 316.354:355.1 +
2428:("One Hundred Days Till the Release Order", written in 1980, but was only able to be published in 1987). One of the first books to discuss this taboo subject, only publishable after Perestroika. A film based on the book and bearing the same title also came out in 1990. (In Russian)
1062:
region, Ruslan Aiderkhanov, was tortured to death by his seniors. The one witness who was willing to testify against the alleged perpetrators, Danil Chalkin, was later found shot dead in his military base. A contract soldier, Alikbek Musabekov, was later arrested in this incident.
1048:
states: "On Aug. 4, it was announced by the chief military prosecutor that there had been 3,500 reports of abuse already this year (2006), compared with 2,798 in 2005". The BBC meanwhile reports that in 2007, 341 soldiers committed suicide, a 15% reduction on the previous year.
554:". The distinguishing feature here is the subjective side of the offense. In the first case, the intention of the offender is aimed at asserting his status as an old soldier, forcing a young soldier to perform household chores, performing certain rituals related to the "
772:. The older students, the chamberlains, "gathered the newcomers in one room at night and drove them around in their nightgowns like horses in a circus. Some cellmates stood in the circle, others outside it, and mercilessly whipped the boys with leather whips."
956:
deterioration in his health, the young man was transferred to a city hospital, where doctors diagnosed him with numerous fractures and gangrene of the lower limbs (which led to their subsequent amputation), bruises to his genitals (they were amputated too).
1017:
issued a statement that decisions would be made to address "problems associated with criminal subculture and discipline in the armed forces", which was generally understood as a reference to 'dedovschina', and fired two senior military officers.
924:
and earn money through activities unrelated to army service. They were supposed to pay the officer four thousand rubles a month. The soldiers refused, but the demands were repeated and accompanied by pressure and beatings from the old officers.
529:. Non-statutory relations include the entire range of relationships between servicemen that are not described in the general military regulations (including the relationship between a superior and a subordinate, a subordinate and a superior).
621:
A similar phenomenon, however, not as pronounced as in the army, is also observed in some Russian schools, boarding schools, and other educational and social institutions. Victims are usually physically weaker, insecure, or simply younger.
2007:"Refworld | Ukraine: Whether hazing of new recruits in the Ukrainian armed forces has caused serious injury or mental distress, and if so, whether measures had been taken by the victims or the armed forces to remedy such occurrences"
917:, Vladimir Ustinov, speaking at the Board of the Prosecutor General's Office, noted: "It seems that the 'sale' of soldiers is an ancient sacred tradition that can only be eradicated together with the entire Russian officer corps."
1092:"Spirits", "elephants" (Navy), "salagi", "beavers", "salabons", "geese" (Airborne Forces), "vasky", "batky", "babies", "hedgehogs", "sparrows" (Air Force), "checks" (Air Force), "chekists" (Air Force), "shchygli", "chyzhi" (a
219:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
822:
1967. The timing of this coincided with the first wave of conscript shortages. It was found that the five-million-strong Soviet army could be as much as a third short of its strength, due to the demographic consequences of
1099:"Elephants" (Airborne Forces and Airborne Forces), "pomose", "laces", "geese", "crows" (Air Force), "crucian carp" (Navy), "young", "walruses", "goldfinches", "mammoths" - military personnel who served for six months.
1152:
The transition to the next level is accompanied by physical pain in a special ritualistic way: a soldier who has served a year (previously, when the term of service was 2 years) is struck on the buttocks with a
948:). None of them received any money or other support, which went into someone's bottomless pocket. According to the investigation, the damage to the state from such "write-offs" alone amounted to 120,000 rubles.
1140:
reserve, but since he was forced to stay in the unit "by the whims of fate", he allegedly lived on the funds of the navy labor union. Lives in a unit or on a ship as a civilian wearing a military uniform).
686:
In official statements, some high-ranking military officials speak about the ills of society that have been transferred to the army. For example, such a statement was made in a TV interview by Admiral
2224:
618:
as a phenomenon is that this army subculture seriously undermines the authority of the army among young people of conscription age and is one of the main reasons for evading military service.
1122:
1 year - "bold carp" (This is a grated bun. He knows the service well. Responsible for the performance of work by "crucians" and "spirits". Subject to physical action in exceptional cases);
1807:
Solnyshkov A. Yu. "Dedovshchina: type of attitude to the "significant other" / Солнышков А. Ю. «Дедовщина: тип отношения к „значимому другому“», Sociological research. 2004. № 6. p. 45-53.
1116:
up to six months - "spirit" (a disembodied, asexual being, unable to understand anything, unable to do anything, unable to know anything, suitable only for dirty work, often helpless)
852:
phenomenon of dedovshchina, domestic scientists have not managed to make significant progress compared to the productive work of A. D. Glotchokin and his students in the early 1960s.
1119:
six months - "crucian carp" (a fighter who has been trained in real service, knows the customs, traditions and his duties, but due to the slowness of the "spirits" is often beaten)
1129:
2 years - "podgodok". The most liberal stage. People who are tired of the moral tension of "one and a half years", not particularly "bothering" with official problems, just rest);
1070:
is getting worse. Incidents of hazing in the army during 2019 have increased. 51,000 human rights violations and 1,521 sexual assault cases. In the same year, Ramil Shamsutdinov
987:'s army cited a 1998 statement from a Ukrainian officer that in 1997, 107 Ukrainian soldiers committed suicide as a result of hazing, and five more died directly due to hazing.
859:
Also, by the end of the 1960s, the Soviet Armed Forces no longer had the number of veteran commanders who had been the majority in the Soviet Armed Forces after the end of the
1105:"Grandfathers" (dedy) and "dembeli" are servicemen who served for one and a half years. The name of the phenomenon comes from the persistent term "grandfather" (Russian: ded).
402:
encompasses a variety of subordinating and humiliating activities undertaken by the junior ranks, from doing the chores of the senior ranks, to violent and sometimes deadly
1399:
1276:
898:
2021:"Infosud - Tribune des Droits Humains | www.infosud.org Journal en ligne offrant une information indépendante et pluraliste sur les droits de l'homme dans le monde"
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776:
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angered those who had already served for two years but still had time to serve. Servicemen in their third year of service took out their anger on the new recruits.
833:. While oppression by older conscripts has probably always taken place in the army, after that date, with the introduction of the four-class system (created by the
2202:
1594:
Memory of Childhood: Western European Memories of Childhood in the Age of Rationalism and Enlightenment (17th–18th centuries): Textbook on Pedagogical Anthropology
652:
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The navy also had a considerable number of customs and traditions, but it is worth highlighting only two main ones, which were often found in different navies.
893:
980:
to publicly order a full investigation. While his death was still classified as a suicide, three soldiers were eventually found guilty of abuse of authority.
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characteristics, nationality, etc.) The basis of the status is physical strength and the ability to insist on one's own way, as well as conflict resistance.
683:
relationships that parallel the main formal ones, not excluding cases where officers are not only aware of dedovshchina but also use it to maintain "order."
1590:Память детства: Западноевропейские воспоминания о детстве эпохи рационализма и Просвещения (XVII—XVIII вв.): Учеб. пособие по педагогической антропологии
1013:, the bill's author, stated "we have an incomprehensible structure, 'dedovschina', that mentality is moving from the street to the army." Prime Minister
2627:
870:
732:
336:
2273:
2020:
1538:// «Ежедневный журнал». Всероссийская коалиция общественных организаций "За демократическую альтернативную гражданскую службу". - Москва, 2006. (rus.)
533:
in its narrowest sense covers only those violations of regulations that are related to the relationship between senior and junior enlisted personnel.
363:; the most common form of non-statutory relations, which is a violation of the statutory rules of relations between conscripts, based on the informal
2236:
1206:. In 2003, on the specific issues of denial of food and poor nutrition, Deputy Minister of Defence V. Isakov denied the existence of such problems.
222:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
2421:
1185:
often in the first days and nights after the release of the "Order..." particularly strictly monitors compliance with the Military Regulations."
2642:
1699:
1666:
1529:
An extra soldier. Illegal use of the labor of conscripted servicemen for purposes not conditioned by the performance of military service duties
564:
Thus, violations of the statutory rules of relations between servicemen that do not involve relations of subordination within the framework of
2510:
2310:
2047:
1082:
The meaning of the terms may vary depending on the traditions of the branch of service or military unit, as well as the length of service.
914:
863:
and who knew from personal experience that a healthy moral situation in the unit they were entrusted with was the key to their own lives.
2632:
830:
2322:
1223:
primarily occurs when second year conscripts abuse first year conscripts so this measure is partially intended to curtail the practice.
1714:
1102:"Skulls", "scoops", "yearlings" (Navy), "bold carp" (Navy), "pheasants", "boilers", "smears" - servicemen who have served for one year.
920:
In August 2002, Senior Lieutenant R. Komarnitsky demanded that Privates Tsvetkov and Legonkov leave the unit's location and go home to
2587:
2092:
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can be qualified as an encroachment by senior servicemen on the rights, honor, dignity, and personal integrity of junior servicemen.
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Bannikov K. L. "Anthropology of extreme groups. Dominant attitudes of conscript servicemen of the Russian Army" // Банников К. Л.
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1108:"Dembeli", "citizens" (considered almost civilians): conscripts who have been discharged after receiving an order to be retired.
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hierarchy, offering them some benefits in return (early dismissals, lenient attitude to guilt, reduced physical activity, etc.)
2582:
1531:
764:
described the traditions that prevailed in the mid 19th century in the most privileged military educational institution of the
328:
2607:
1572:
1550:
1844:
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based on stage of service, mostly not backed by code or law, which only grants seniority to conscripts promoted to various
141:
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2401:
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113:
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191:
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473:) – this word is erroneously used by soldiers to describe the act of resigning from the army); soldiers also refer to
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278:
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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63:
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The case that occurred on New Year's Eve 2006 in the supply battalion of the Chelyabinsk Tank School, where private
606:
120:
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Michael S. Coffey (2022) The Dedovshchina Abides: How Discipline Problems Endure Despite Years of Military Reform,
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944:
Since February 2004, three soldiers have been working at a furniture company in the village of Nadiya (a suburb of
663:
The latter category includes violations that objectively fall under the disposition of the current articles of the
1089:"Smells", "drishchy", "disembodied spirits", "quarantines" - servicemen who are quarantined before being sworn in.
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In the summer of 1982, the Soviet Army received a secret order No. 0100 on combating non-statutory relationships.
829:
During the same year, a decision was reached to draft conscripts with a criminal history into the ranks, due to a
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is directly related to the ratio of physical and moral strength of the "grandfathers, granpas, veterans, old men,
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2552:
1738:
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Russia has changed some of the rules made in 1967. Most notably, criminals are no longer accepted into the army.
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1992:
340:
98:
779:, juniors were called "beasts", seniors were called "cornets", and second-year students were called "majors".
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873:", a young soldier from Lithuania who shot a guard of seven old soldiers in February 1987 on the entrance to
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vast majority of the deaths caused by hazing. In early 2020, hazing became the subject of public concern in
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Dedovshchina in the Post-Soviet Military: Hazing of Russian Army Conscripts in a Comparative Perspective.
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109:
17:
2311:«Антропология экстремальных групп. Доминантные отношения военнослужащих срочной службы Российской Армии»
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despite the military's abstention from helping the production. The following is a selected filmography:
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is not typical for the higher education system, and there are no recorded cases of phenomena resembling
2687:
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2612:
1798:основе требований воинских уставов: Диссертация канд. пед. наук (по психологии)." — М.: ВПА, 1964. (ru)
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1074:, 8 of them fatally. In court, he alleged that he was subjected to beatings and threats of anal rape.
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The Wrongs of Passage: Inhuman and Degrading Treatment of New Recruits in the Russian Armed Forces
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According to one version, the origin of dedovshchina problem is often attributed to the change in
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Special Issue on Dedovshchina The Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet States. 1/2004.
1993:"What happens to Belarus army hazing death investigations? | Belarus news ❘ euroradio.fm"
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An army of criminals: Attorney General admits he can't do anything about crime in the military
1040:(although the Russian military only admits that 16 soldiers were directly murdered by acts of
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2134:
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The main definitions in army slang for servicemen according to their length of service are:
634:
in civilian higher education institutions. This is due to the lack of an economic basis for
1294:
977:
668:
386:
to conscript. Often (but not always), these traditions and rituals are associated with the
320:
134:
8:
2313:. - Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2002 (ru)
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680:
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Violations of statutory relationships are categorized by degree of public danger into:
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rape. There have been occasions where soldiers have been seriously injured or killed.
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2477:
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1935:"Дедовщина в Челябинском танковом училище: рядовому ампутировали ноги и кастрировали"
1764:
1757:
1682:Зайончковский П. А. Самодержавие и русская армия на рубеже XIX—XX столетий: 1881—1903
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375:
252:
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55:
1934:
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1219:
Beginning in 2007/08, the conscript service time was reduced from two years to one;
1176:"tearing of godok" - at the moment of the first printed version of the order of the
2468:
Golts, Alexander. "The Social and Political Condition of the Russian Military." In
2323:
Materials of the seminar "The Origins of dedovshchina in the Russian (Soviet) Army"
1258:
1240:
1213:
has published monthly statistics of incidents and crimes including cases of death.
1188:
937:
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of servicemen of the later conscription by servicemen of the earlier conscription.
297:
1173:
hose, etc., trying to perform the rite of passage unexpectedly for the "initiate".
983:
A 2000 report by the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada concerning hazing in
2567:
2527:
2514:
2453:(Foreword by Dale Herspring) Soviet & Post-Soviet Politics & Society 28,
2370:
2006:
1848:
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1014:
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sponsored a law strengthening penalties for inciting soldiers to commit suicide.
761:
332:
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Autocracy and the Russian army at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries: 1881–1903
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In 2019, according to the Russian military prosecutor office the situation with
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1384:
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to be practiced anywhere on his boat, dismissing it as "low-level terrorism".
460:) half-year of compulsory service, stemming from a vulgarization of the word "
2536:
2473:
2139:
2093:"Senior officers fired after spate of non-combat deaths in Armenian military"
1202:
Overall, the Russian state has tried and has had mixed results in curtailing
1162:
1144:
921:
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to the laws of wartime, those responsible for the soldier's death were shot.
715:
544:
distinguishes between crimes committed within the framework of the so-called
492:
1112:
In the Navy (at least until 1990), there were exactly 7 hierarchical steps:
968:
has been continued in the armed forces of some other post-Soviet countries.
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1158:
1096:
for "man who grants wishes") - servicemen who have served up to six months.
823:
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754:
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500:
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383:
1503:
2074:"Armenia: New Army Killings Raise Non-Combat Death Toll to 15 Since July"
1416:
1059:
878:
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551:
387:
2274:"'They Warned They'll Rape Me': Russian Soldier Stands by Mass Shooting"
1471:
446:, meaning soldiers after their third (or fourth, which is also known as
367:
division of soldiers and sergeants by enlistment and length of service.
1327:
1132:
2 years 6 months - "godok", or, alternatively, having been used in the
1005:
following a spike in non-combat military deaths. To combat hazing, the
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769:
241:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
1093:
945:
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512:
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reported that in 2006 at least 292 Russian soldiers were killed by
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Many young men are killed or commit suicide every year because of
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On 10 October 2003, human rights activists from the organization "
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in universities and other civilian higher education institutions.
2364:Информация о происшествиях и преступлениях в Вооруженных Силах РФ
1964:
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1357:
1002:
984:
972:
936:" made a video recording near the military unit No. 12670 of the
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1914:
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The spread of the phenomenon depending on the service conditions
216:
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379:
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2203:"Russian family alleges 'suicide' conscript tortured to death"
1750:
Those who date the present dedovschina system to 1967 include
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Holtsiv said that he had fired his personal weapon only once.
837:) it became systematic and developed its own rules and ranks.
674:
2226:Младший сержант застрелился, не вынеся издевательств рядового
1411:
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short on his head and his legs tied), which caused President
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1741:(Полезная дедовщина) // «Слово», № 48 (366) 26.11.1999. (ru)
1615:] (in Russian). Moscow: Московский рабочий. p. 544.
1978:
1915:"Солдата-срочника 4 часа избивали и насиловали (Челябинск)"
753:
The phenomenon of hazing has been described as far back as
343:, as well as in other armed forces and special services of
311:'reign of old-timers') is the informal practice of
1145:
Traditions of promotion to the next level of the hierarchy
347:. It consists of brutalization by more senior conscripts,
1437:"Russian army sold recruits for sex, rights group claims"
2392:
Military Conscripts Caught In Deadly 'Cycle Of Violence'
1489:
Bulletins of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
491:
which denotes a type of order, rule, or regime (compare
2048:"Police Scatter Demonstrators in Capital of Azerbaijan"
2297:
Russistika (Русистика) — Berlin, 1992, № 1. — p. 35-42
1053:
Union of the Committees of Soldiers' Mothers of Russia
2435:, 35:3-4, 283-299, DOI: 10.1080/13518046.2022.2156080
2163:"Hazing Trial Bares a Dark Side of Russia's Military"
2387:
Conscript's Prostitution Claims Shed Light On Hazing
1816:
Alexander Goltz. "An army of superfluous soldiers".
1723:(in Russian). Moscow. pp. 81–82. Archived from
1596:] (in Russian). Moscow: URAO. pp. 105, 109.
609:, thingmen, young, elephants" (slang for "slaves").
561:
for crimes against the person, honor, and dignity).
212:
1862:"Жаловаться на отцов-командиров – все равно что..."
1462:[Barracks hooliganism. How to fight it?].
523:Non-statutory relations are a broader concept than
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1756:
1226:
1072:shot 10 of his colleagues at a Gorny military base
679:Dedovshchina involves the existence of unofficial
1044:and claims that the rest committed suicide). The
809:The first case of non-statutory relations in the
2534:
2397:Thousands Dodge Military Service as Draft Begins
2271:
1751:
726:"). Dedovshchina is the main reason for regular
1231:Several Soviet and Russian films portrayed the
1055:works to protect the rights of young soldiers.
910:military units and continues to develop today.
758:schooling created a rigid "vertical of power".
2235:(in Russian). 13 February 2012. Archived from
1979:"Pechy: Fear and Shame of the Belarusian Army"
587:" (slang for "masters") and "devils, spirits,
237:accompanying your translation by providing an
203:Click for important translation instructions.
190:expand this article with text translated from
2402:Army Cracks Down On Military Service Loophole
2329:on February 9, 2010. Cited September 4, 2010.
1957:"Dedovshchina in the Chelyabinsk Tank School"
1932:
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889:Alexander Goltz, a military observer for the
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2449:Françoise Daucé, Elisabeth Sieca-Kozlowski:
1459:Казарменное хулиганство. Как с ним бороться?
990:Hazing has continued to be an issue for the
915:Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation
840:The issue was discussed at a meeting of the
499:). Thus, it can literally be translated as "
1897:"Private Andrei Sychev was raped after all"
675:The essence of dedovshchina as a phenomenon
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2071:
1712:
1698:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1665:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1632:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp.
1485:Bulletins of the Supreme Court of the USSR
410:, not unlike an extremely vicious form of
2628:Military education and training in Russia
2476:, 73–94. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 2004.
2438:Oleg Divov, 2007, "Oruzhiye vozmezdiya" (
2045:
2023:. Humanrights-geneva.info. Archived from
1625:
1606:
1330:writes that veteran Soviet naval captain
831:demographic crisis following World War II
518:
279:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
2135:"Terrible dedovshchina in General Staff"
2132:
2126:
1945:Error in Webarchive template: Empty url.
1688:] (in Russian). Moscow. p. 326.
1587:
971:Hazing and beatings are problems in the
964:While most clearly prevalent in Russia,
959:
503:". This is essentially a folk system of
2072:Abrahamyan, Gayane (22 November 2010).
1880:"Полковник – хват, но не отец солдатам"
1877:Lyudmila Leontieva, Vladimir Gavrilov.
1504:https://dissertation.com.ua/node/662634
14:
2535:
2470:The Russian Military: Power and Policy
2407:Russian Officer Kicks Soldier To Death
2205:. London: Telegraph. 21 September 2011
1646:
1077:
884:
2643:Power (social and political) concepts
2491:, 4th ed. New York: Routledge, 2008.
2305:
2303:
2133:Ismailov, Vjacheslav (10 July 2006).
2110:
2090:
1828:
1826:
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804:
612:One of the major negative effects of
438:, meaning grandfather), which is the
2272:The Moscow Times (6 November 2019).
1546:
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1499:
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99:adding citations to reliable sources
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27:Hazing and abuse in the Russian army
2414:about dedovschina: Oper.ru Oper.ru
2155:
2046:Sultanova, Shahla (10 March 2013).
1759:The Collapse of the Soviet Military
1562:
750:than by written laws and statutes.
536:In addition, the modern science of
24:
2633:Military human resource management
2433:Journal of Slavic Military Studies
2380:
2300:
2181:"Russia army suicides cause alarm"
1963:. 4 September 2010. Archived from
1832:Sergey Devyatov, Alexander Bugay.
1823:
877:, became widely publicized during
775:In the early 20th century, at the
359:dominant-status relations between
25:
2709:
2472:, edited by Steven E. Miller and
1719:[Notes of a cuirassier].
1655:] (in Russian). Buenos Aires.
1541:
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1390:Sexual harassment in the military
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45:This article has multiple issues.
2588:Human rights in the Soviet Union
2117:The Consequences of Dedovshchina
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1567:. Moskva: Vremja. p. 704.
1553:// Lenta.ru, 03.02.2006. (rus.)
1227:Dedovshchina in popular culture
418:, including sexual torture and
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
2678:Violence against men in Europe
2638:Post-traumatic stress disorder
2424:(Ю́рий Миха́йлович Поляко́в):
2183:. BBC News Online. 29 May 2008
1680:Zayonchkovsky, P. A. (1973).
1600:
1588:Bezrogov, V. G., ed. (2001).
1581:
1556:
1478:
1449:
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700:Defense and Security Committee
335:, and to a much lesser extent
247:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2583:Human rights abuses in Russia
2508:Hazing in the Belarusian army
1868:, 30 October 2004. July 2003.
1785:"Глоточкин Алексей Данилович"
1563:Kon, Igorʹ Semenovič (2009).
1422:
2608:Military of the Soviet Union
2489:Russian Politics and Society
1737:Radov, Maxim (sociologist).
1007:National Assembly of Armenia
425:
7:
1341:
1268:100 Days Before the Command
1211:Russian Ministry of Defence
1178:Russian Minister of Defense
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762:Peter Alekseevich Kropotkin
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249:{{Translated|ru|Дедовщина}}
10:
2714:
2340:"To Serve without Health?"
1836:На заработки — шагом марш!
1713:Trubetskoy, V. S. (1991).
1629:Memoirs of a Revolutionist
1607:Kropotkin, P. A. (1988).
1400:Misconduct in the military
744:
690:, former commander of the
430:The term is derived from "
382:that are passed down from
374:is made up of traditions,
211:Machine translation, like
2618:Military slang and jargon
1933:
1913:
1879:
1861:
1847:26 September 2013 at the
1835:
1763:. Yale University Press.
1626:Kropotkin, Peter (1899).
1470:] (4). Archived from
1464:Право в Вооружённых Силах
573:Often, the phenomenon of
465:
457:
453:
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192:the corresponding article
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1715:
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1613:Notes of a revolutionary
1608:
1589:
1463:
1458:
1353:Bullying in the military
1323:The Hunt for Red October
1058:In 2012, a draftee from
501:rule of the grandfathers
2668:Social issues in Russia
2558:Controversies in Russia
2548:Harassment and bullying
1647:Markov, A. L. (1961).
1468:Law in the Armed Forces
1395:Suicide in the military
777:Mykolaiv Cavalry School
345:former Soviet Republics
258:For more guidance, see
2698:Youth rights in Europe
2553:Conscription in Russia
2369:27 August 2009 at the
1843:229, 9 December 2003.
1565:Malʹcik - otec mužčiny
1380:Military sexual trauma
1369:Inside the Soviet Army
795:
694:, now a member of the
519:Features as an offense
370:The cultural basis of
355:. It is a form of non-
2526:11 April 2022 at the
1967:on 27 September 2010.
1609:Записки революционера
1456:Orlov, V. N. (1997).
1270:– Сто дней до приказа
1157:(metal buckle part),
960:In post-Soviet states
781:
653:disciplinary offenses
260:Knowledge:Translation
231:copyright attribution
2563:Corporal punishments
2513:26 July 2018 at the
2325:. Archived from the
1887:153, 20 August 2005.
978:Alexander Lukashenko
894:Yezhednevniy Zhurnal
669:Russian Armed Forces
442:slang equivalent of
329:Russian Armed Forces
323:historically in the
95:improve this article
2663:Forced prostitution
2623:Military traditions
2593:Institutional abuse
2578:Health and military
2444:Weapon of vengeance
2426:Сто дней до приказа
2027:on 13 November 2008
1981:. 22 November 2022.
1943:, 25 January 2006.
1739:Useful dedovshchina
1534:30 January 2021 in
1474:on 2 February 2014.
1445:. 14 February 2007.
1320:Also, in the novel
1279:– Кислородный голод
1078:Hierarchical stages
885:In the Russian army
408:psychological abuse
325:Soviet Armed Forces
2683:Violence in Russia
2648:Scandals in Russia
2603:Military of Russia
2457:: Stuttgart 2006,
2239:on 4 February 2017
2167:The New York Times
2121:Human Rights Watch
1995:. 6 December 2017.
1923:, 25 January 2006.
1653:Cadets and Junkers
1286:The Green Elephant
1198:Government actions
1033:The New York Times
835:bi-annual call-ups
805:In the Soviet Army
791:Cadets and Junkers
698:and member of the
696:Federation Council
542:administrative law
483:, with the suffix
456:or "DMB" Russian:
361:military personnel
239:interlanguage link
2688:Vulnerable adults
2673:Torture in Russia
2613:Military scandals
2169:. 13 August 2006.
1859:Larisa Sheremet.
1818:The Daily Journal
1574:978-5-9691-0469-3
1491:(court practice).
1334:refused to allow
1261:– Афганский излом
1022:Current situation
658:criminal offenses
327:and today in the
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1288:– Зеленый слоник
1259:Afghan Breakdown
1209:Since 2005, the
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871:Sakalauskas case
861:Second World War
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733:Sakalauskas case
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1536:Wayback Machine
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1442:TheGuardian.com
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1011:Naira Zohrabyan
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2653:Sexual abuse
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2416:(in Russian)
2361:(in Russian)
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2334:
2318:
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2281:. Retrieved
2277:
2267:
2253:
2241:. Retrieved
2237:the original
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2145:. Retrieved
2143:(in Russian)
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2123:report, 2004
2112:
2100:. Retrieved
2096:
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2055:. Retrieved
2051:
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2025:the original
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1332:Marko Ramius
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1126:manifested);
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755:Eton College
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681:hierarchical
678:
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637:dedovshchina
631:dedovshchina
625:Dedovshchina
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611:
576:dedovshchina
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567:dedovshchina
563:
557:dedovshchina
547:dedovshchina
535:
531:Dedovshchina
530:
526:dedovshchina
522:
481:conscription
464:" (Russian:
443:
440:Russian Army
434:" (Russian:
431:
429:
400:Dedovshchina
399:
372:Dedovshchina
371:
369:
365:hierarchical
293:Dedovshchina
292:
291:
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235:edit summary
226:
197:
189:
157:
148:
138:
131:
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117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
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48:
47:Please help
44:
1417:Prison rape
1403: [
1163:metal ladle
1060:Chelyabinsk
992:Azerbaijani
966:dedovschina
897: [
879:perestroika
552:hooliganism
388:humiliation
18:Dedovschina
2537:Categories
2187:24 January
2147:24 January
2097:Eurasianet
2078:Eurasianet
1941:NEWSru.com
1532:Archivated
1423:References
1328:Tom Clancy
1313:The Search
1306:– 9-я рота
1277:Air Hunger
973:Belarusian
770:Page Corps
728:desertions
452:(Russian:
321:conscripts
319:of junior
199:(May 2023)
194:in Russian
121:newspapers
50:improve it
2342:. Hrw.org
2102:5 October
2057:5 October
1921:IA REGNUM
1694:cite book
1661:cite book
1250:The Guard
1094:backronym
946:Stavropol
938:Volgograd
875:Leningrad
842:Politburo
738:The Guard
714:of group
513:yefreitor
505:seniority
426:Etymology
384:conscript
357:statutory
302:дедовщина
253:talk page
151:June 2020
56:talk page
2524:Archived
2511:Archived
2420:Book by
2373:, mil.ru
2367:Archived
2346:1 August
2327:original
2283:23 April
2243:1 August
2209:1 August
1866:Izvestia
1845:Archived
1755:(1998).
1363:Fragging
1342:See also
1295:Demobbed
1252:– Караул
995:military
811:Red Army
787:—
607:salabons
595:chekists
538:criminal
509:sergeant
487:-shchina
412:bullying
404:physical
353:officers
229:provide
2031:7 March
1961:News.ru
1721:Memoirs
1375:Ragging
1358:Fagging
1003:Armenia
985:Ukraine
881:times.
745:History
583:dembels
515:ranks.
454:дембель
416:torture
396:dignity
390:of the
380:rituals
376:customs
309:
298:Russian
251:to the
233:in the
196:.
135:scholar
2568:Hazing
2495:
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2461:
2455:Ibidem
1901:NEWSru
1767:
1571:
1507:316.75
1315:– 2014
1308:– 2005
1299:– 2000
1290:– 1999
1281:– 1992
1272:– 1990
1263:– 1990
1254:– 1990
1245:– 1990
922:Samara
768:, the
716:sadism
590:dushar
476:dembel
449:dembel
444:gramps
351:, and
313:hazing
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1046:Times
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869:The "
724:zones
601:cheka
392:honor
317:abuse
213:DeepL
142:JSTOR
128:books
2493:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2348:2013
2285:2022
2245:2013
2211:2013
2189:2009
2149:2009
2104:2023
2059:2023
2033:2010
1885:Trud
1765:ISBN
1700:link
1667:link
1569:ISBN
1155:belt
913:The
540:and
511:and
420:anal
406:and
394:and
378:and
349:NCOs
315:and
307:lit.
227:must
225:You
114:news
1161:or
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458:ДМБ
436:дед
432:ded
414:or
337:FSB
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