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troops from
Parkersburg to protect various railroad stations, even though raiders had already destroyed intervening rails so no attack by train could be expected. Gov. Pierpont asked for troops from Ohio, but only 400 men were sent on May 7, barely replacing the men sent to protect the B&O. However, the convention eventually was held after Col. Steedman conveyed delegates on the steamer Ohio No. 3 from Wheeling. On May 7 Gen. Kelley notified Pierpont that he was ordering the 14th Pennsylvania Cavalry and the 10th (West) Virginia Infantry to aid Parkersburg, and the upper Ohio Naval Command sent a second gunboat. Although Frost prepared evacuation plans, sympathizers' intelligence about the additional troops and gunboats reached the Confederates, and General Jones detoured to burn Rathbone's undefended oil field at Burning Springs rather than Parkersburg. Rathbone had tried to ransom the oil field, to no effect. On May 9, the burning oil boats and tanks exploded and burned (perhaps as much as 150,000 gallons of oil), and the river became a sheet of fire, somewhat obscured by clouds of black smoke though the red could be seen from the roof of Parkersburg's Swann hotel. Although Moccasin Rangers continued to create trouble, railroad crews fixed the tunnel at Cairo, the 11th West Virginia Infantry again protected the railroad by mid-month. Elections were held on May 28 as scheduled, although some Confederate sympathizers were confined beforehand and only 33 counties participated. In mid-June, construction of what was initially called Fort Logan (but Fort Boreman after the governor took office) was completed on the hill above Parkersburg to house the two returned brass cannon.
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in
Parkersburg. Thus Clemens's proposed speech in Middlebourne, the Tyler County seat on March 9 was prevented and Frost cleared Wirt County boatmen from Parkersburg on March 12, eventually preventing a proposed anti-New State convention being called by (former militia General) John Jay Jackson (Wood County's most powerful politician). As West Virginia voters overwhelmingly voted for statehood in late March 1863 (President Lincoln recognizing the vote in April and stating that statehood would occur 60 days later in June, 1863), the "Moccasin Rangers" would be organized formally within the
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duty in Wood, Jackson and Wirt counties. However, first they guarded Camp Union, the
Parkersburg depots, as well as road trans between Parkersburg and the Ohio River, while Captain W.K. Flesher recruited Company H of the Third (West) Virginia Cavalry patrolled the roads from Parkersburg to Ripley, Ravenswood and Belleville and would eventually be attached to the 23rd Ohio Infantry. By the fall of 1862, Confederate raiders had wrecked the railroad from Parkersburg to
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southwestern invasion. He asked for 3000 men to defend the railroad, 500 additional guns for new recruits and
Parkersburg's cannons to be returned, with little result until mid-May. Although Capt. Henry Haywood of the 18th U.S. Infantry noted his availability, Pierpont sent those troops to protect Wheeling rather than Parkersburg on May 4, so on Frost sent his son, Sgt. Taylor Frost and four men as scouts to Harrisville, but they were captured on May 7.
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from the service on
January 6, 1863, reportedly for cowardice during the Spencer incident. Papers documenting the revocation of that dismissal by President Johnson in 1866 were also lost. Although Rathbone was later reimbursed for funds he had spent outfitting the 11th West Virginia Infantry and Company C of the 1st West Virginia Cavalry, he was a broken man by this and the burning of his family's oil fields at
631:(the Roane County seat) on September 2, in part because Col. Rathbone who was commanding five companies of the 11th West Virginia failed to heed General B. Kelley's warnings of their advance, so his men awoke with Confederates pointing guns at them (and fled to the woods or towards Parkersburg, and Rathbone soon surrendered with 200 men and was paroled by Jenkins). The advancing Confederates then arrived in
1020:"Early History of Pioneer Days in Jackson County" (1976: Bicentennial Committee of Alpha Delta Chapter of Delta Kappa Gamma Society International) pp.129, 131 (Three separate lawsuits were filed by Ravenswood merchants against Jenkins in Cabell County, and they recovered funds postwar from the federal government); softcover book available at
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Although the documents of the U.S. Army investigation of the
Spencer incident were lost, rumors abounded that Rathbone had reached a deal to protect his oil field. Thus, after his release, Rathbone was only allowed to supervise suspected Confederate sympathizers imprisoned in Ohio, then was dismissed
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His brothers did not share his Union sentiments. His eldest brother Amos Frost, a merchant, moved from
Ravenswood to Colorado in the spring 1861, just before the American Civil War, William P. Frost Jr. had learned the printing business in Columbus Ohio, but by the 1860 census was a printer in Mexico
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Like his father-in-law but unlike some of his brothers, Frost was a strong Union man. However, Jackson county voters had not cast a single vote for
Abraham Lincoln in 1860; instead Breckenridge received 500 votes, Bell 388 votes and Douglas 61 votes. When Virginians were asked to vote oto approve the
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in March 1863, in part because Hoy's son had been dismissed for
Confederate sympathies and because Arthur Boreman wrote Gov. Pierpont on March 2 that Ritchie County railroad bridges were burned the previous night and secessionists claimed Hoy proposed to allow them including Sherrad Clemens to speak
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Meanwhile, promoted to lead the 11th West
Virginia, Col. Frost defended Parkersburg from September 1862 until the arrival of the 126th Ohio Regiment and Col. G.W. McCook. Frost also recruited Company F of the 3rd West Virginia Cavalry at Parkersburg in November 1862, eventually deploying it on scout
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During 1863, despite his lack of formal legal training, Col. Frost also led courts martial in Clarksburg, West Virginia and Cumberland, Maryland. That summer, the 11th West Virginia participated in General Averill's and Union General David Hunter's raids into Virginia's Shenandoah Valley, including
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A Union convention had been scheduled for Parkersburg on May 6, but it was delayed as boat crews feared crossing the 13 miles between Marietta, Ohio and Parkersburg. Rumors abounded that Col. Mudwall Jackson had a grudge list and would sack and burn Parkersburg, particularly as Gen. Roberts removed
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replaced Frost as Speaker, and Ravenswood wharf master D.J. Keeney replaced him as the delegate for Jackson and Roane counties for the extra legislative session from December 4, 1862 – February 5, 1863. Frost became the Lieutenant colonel of the 11th West Virginia Infantry Regiment, then led by his
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Their son Lt. Bushrod Taylor Frost (1844–1910) would fight under his father and eventually move to Indiana. Other sons were Daniel V. Frost (1848–1924; who moved to Illinois) and Arthur M. Frost (1855–1917; who moved to Indiana); the family also included daughters M.A. Frost (b. 1857) and Catherine
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Meanwhile, Frost also maintained a military station at Ravenswood, where some Confederate sympathizers objected to his efforts to get them to take the loyalty oath, particularly if they returned to the area as had Mrs. Henrietta Barr, whose four brothers had all enlisted in the Confederate States
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began by capturing Rowlesburg and Kingwood in Preston County as well as Oakland, Maryland; and Fairmont in Marion County surrendered on April 29, with Union General Roberts retreating to Clarksburg. As Imboden's offensive began, Pierpont had been slow to realize the danger, and Frost feared a
635:, the Jackson County seat, where they again faced no opposition. They continued to Ravenswood and burned Frost's shop (either because of his pro-Union activities or "by accident"), as well as several other businesses. Confederates would also raid Ravenswood for the third time on May 16, 1863.
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Confederates had left Jackson County, but so did men fighting for the Union, so that when residents were asked to vote on the ordinance ceding from Virginia, only 226 men voted in Jackson County (and only one voted against the ordinance) compared to 1,236 votes cast in the May 1861 election.
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presided. In the July, 1861 session and sessions from December 2, 1861 – February 13, 1862 and May 6–15, 1862, Frost represented Jackson and Roane counties (Roane county having sent no delegate to the Wheeling Convention), and fellow delegates elected him as their Speaker. Meanwhile, many
501:(then in Virginia). Her father, William Palmer Rathbone (1764–1862), had been a paymaster for the U.S. Army during the War of 1812, as well as a shipbuilder, New York city councilman and New Jersey judge, before moving to Virginia with his sons and drilling oil wells in what became
570:), and a decade later still lived in Audrain County and worked as a printer. His youngest brother, John L. Frost, also appears as a printer in Mexico, Missouri in 1860, and in the 1870 and 1880 censuses before his death lived across the Mississippi River in
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While Rathbone was in Spencer, Lt.Col. Frost remained in Jackson County, guarding the Ripley and Charleston roads. He and other men from the 11th West Virginia chased after Jenkins' cavalry across the Ohio River, but found they never reached
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Jackson County's first newspaper, in 1853 and within five years Daniel Frost bought the paper as his brother moved westward after their father's death. Two printers and a domestic servant also lived with Daniel Frost's family by 1860.
761:. Frost received a severe abdominal wound, and survived long enough to be taken to a nearby farmhouse, where he wrote out his last will and testament, though a nearby Confederate-sympathizing relative refused to come to his deathbed.
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activities. A few Union cavalrymen patrolled north of Ripley that fall and winter; sufficient patrols to support mail service to Ripley would not begin until the summer of 1863, when Capt. William Logsdon organized the State Scouts.
664:, increasing the burden on the east/west Wheeling railroad line; plus traffic had virtually ceased on the Northwestern and Staunton Pikes, on which the Moccasin Raiders and Night Hawk Raiders were often seen, although after General
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and perhaps Virginia's most important Ohio River port after Wheeling. From Wheeling, Governor Pierpont sent more men to defend Parkersburg, and Frost took command of the soldiers who had retreated from Spencer to the city.
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Descendants of William Frost of Oyster Bay, New York in North American Family Histories 1500-2000 at p. 332 (incorrectly lists Annie frost as Daniel Frost's daughter when she appears his brother William's
705:. Outposts in Roane, Wirt and Jackson Counties (even Ravenswood) were temporarily abandoned, which exacerbated bridge-burning by Confederate troops. Frost declared martial law in Wood County on April 20.
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working first as a typesetter, then a newspaper reporter. Griffin Frost had married in Marion County, Missouri across from Quincy, Illinois in 1857 and likewise become a journalist (first in Mexico, then
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Henry Edmund Matheny, Wood County, West Virginia in Civil War Times, with an account of Guerilla Warfare in the Little Kanawha Valley (Trans-Allegheny Books, Parkersburg 1987) p. 276-277
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secession convention's recommendation in May 1861, 776 voters in Jackson county opposed secession and only 460 voted for it, though secessionists carried the state as a whole.
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Frost received his formal commission as colonel on February 11, 1863, and was then again appointed to lead Parkersburg's defenses. He replaced Lt. Col. John F. Hoy of the
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Col. Frost and his 11th West Virginia also fought raiders led by CSA Gen. Jubal Early in 1864, and Col. Frost received a citation for gallantry during the victory at the
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579:) before joining the CSA First Missouri Guards (in September 1862 and rising to the rank of Captain before becoming a prisoner of war). He later edited the
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above Wheeling. His youngest daughter did not survive to adulthood; his widow would live until 1886, marrying twice more, first in 1867 to Andrew Brown in
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Frost resigned his legislative seat for military service at some time after the May 15, 1862 Confederate raid on Ravenswood, so George McC. Porter of
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of Parkersburg). Furthermore, the "Night Hawk Rangers" of Parkersburg started by Capt. James S. Alexander Crawford would become Company F of the
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which had been created during his first term in 1856). He served for one term each time, being defeated then defeating J. H. Chase.
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restarted a newspaper in Ravenswood (and sold it after about a year), Jackson County's next multi-year newspaper would be the
709:'s son Rathbone Van Winkle recruited between 500 and 1000 men in Parkersburg for the 113th Virginia militia. Meanwhile, the
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Dean W. Moore, Washington's Woods: a history of Ravenswood and Jackson County, W.Va. (McClain Publishing, 1971) p. 99
422:(February 23, 1819 – July 19, 1864) was an American journalist, politician and soldier who twice served in the
482:-born William Frost (1791–1854) and his wife Rachel Rebecca Wetzel (niece of Ohio Valley pioneer and Indian fighter
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in 1875. West Virginia has erected a highway marker memorializing Daniel Frost's contributions to the new state.
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http://genealogy.park.lib.wv.us/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Early-History-of-Pioneer-Days-in-Jackson-County.pdf
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brother-in-law Col. John Castelli ("Cass) Rathbone, who as a civilian managed the oil company developing
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Cynthia Miller Leonard, Virginia General Assembly 1619-1978 (1978: Virginia State Library) pp. 460, 470.
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William Frost St. moved his family, including Daniel Frost, across and downstream on the Ohio River to
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as one of five delegates from Jackson County at the initial session, alongside James F. Scott,
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in 1855 and again in 1859 (a part-time position and when the seat also formally represented
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1870 U.S. federal census for Quincy Ward 2, Adams County, Illinois, family 262, p. 76 of 77
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1870 U.S. federal census for Salt River, Audrain County, Missouri, family 141, p. 17 of 142
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where the patriarch farmed until his death in 1856. His son William Frost Jr. founded the
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the following July, and after the war moved to Kansas, where he died not long afterward.
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1880 U.S. federal census for 025, Quincy, Adams County, Illinois, family 27, p. 3 of 32
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1860 U.S. federal census for Mexico, Audrain County, Missouri, family 778, p. 3 of 24
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1860 U.S. federal census for Mexico, Audrain County, Missouri, family 776, p. 1 of 24
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627:' Roane and Jackson County raid in September 1862, Confederate raiders seized
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1850 U.S. Federal census for Ravenswood, Jackson County, Virginia pp. 2, 5
734:(although Morgan would surrender 8 days later after further defeat at the
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Speaker of the House of Delegates of the Restored Government of Virginia
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On July 18, 1864, Col. Frost was commanding the Third Brigade of Col.
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1860 U.S. Federal Census for Jackson County family 710, p. 103 of 204
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Educated in the local Ohio public schools before the family moved to
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at Wheeling, before he died fighting for the Union while leading the
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was assigned to rebuild the railroad that winter, the job got done.
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obituary in Knox County Democrat (Edina, Missouri) June 2, 1887
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based on rumors the invaders would cross there and proceed to
1086:"Five Tri-State Women During the Civil War: Views on the War"
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Union military personnel killed in the American Civil War
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where he fought for the Confederacy and returned postwar.
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1860 U.S. Federal census for Jackson County, Virginia, p
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and served as Speaker of the House of Delegates for the
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and lived his final years with his daughter Annie in
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944:thus probably not the Confederate vet who moved to
643:and so returned to defend Parkersburg, the seat of
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19:For the Confederate General from Missouri, see
595:Nonetheless, Daniel Frost participated in the
1182:"Daniel Frost Helped Chart W.Va.'s Statehood"
1168:"Daniel Frost Helped Chart W.Va.'s Statehood"
1154:"Daniel Frost Helped Chart W.Va.'s Statehood"
730:which ended the raiding of CSA Major General
689:(under CSA Col. then (Gen.) John Imboden and
1270:Politicians killed in the American Civil War
1250:People of Virginia in the American Civil War
157:from the Jackson and Roane Counties district
79:West Virginia House of Delegates
1240:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates
1275:Delegates of the 1861 Wheeling Convention
1260:People from Jackson County, West Virginia
764:Large crowds attended Frost's funeral in
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672:Army. Frost feared vandalism and other
196:Virginia House of Delegates
153:Virginia House of Delegates
130:Virginia House of Delegates
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876:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1235:Military personnel from West Virginia
768:. Daniel Frost is buried at historic
448:11th West Virginia Infantry Regiment
385:11th West Virginia Infantry Regiment
1002:Leonard pp. 492, 494 and noes 2, 11
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313:Politician, editor, farmer, soldier
211:December 3, 1855 – December 6, 1857
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1280:19th-century Virginia politicians
1255:19th-century American legislators
591:West Virginia founder and soldier
1205:"Daniel Frost Historical Marker"
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1143:Matheny pp. 328-344,364-366
728:Battle of Buffington Island
724:Virginia Military Institute
552:Virginia House of Delegates
470:and about 10 miles west of
424:Virginia House of Delegates
102:July 1, 1861 – May 15, 1862
51:July 1, 1861 – May 15, 1862
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743:Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
682:6th West Virginia Infantry
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691:William Lowther Jackson
406:Battle of Snicker's Gap
275:Clarke County, Virginia
759:Battle of Cool Spring
736:Battle of Salineville
695:17th Virginia Cavalry
687:19th Virginia Cavalry
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258:St. Clairsville, Ohio
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476:Belmont County, Ohio
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1134:Matheny pp. 328-339
1125:Matheny pp. 294-301
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774:Scioto County, Ohio
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597:Wheeling Convention
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16:American politician
1027:2019-08-12 at the
711:Jones Imboden Raid
428:American Civil War
395:American Civil War
71:George McC. Porter
1098:Moore pp. 114-115
625:Albert G. Jenkins
513:Frost Wickham of
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859:on 2019-08-28
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361:1862–64
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1194:Moore p. 136
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1011:Moore p. 119
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861:. Retrieved
854:the original
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674:bushwhacking
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666:B. F. Kelley
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556:Roane County
546:Voters from
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484:Lewis Wetzel
457:
419:
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391:Battles/wars
270:(1864-07-19)
227:Succeeded by
206:
184:Succeeded by
163:
140:
118:Succeeded by
97:
67:Succeeded by
46:
30:Daniel Frost
1230:1864 deaths
1225:1819 births
645:Wood County
499:Wood County
495:Parkersburg
466:across the
426:before the
221:M. Gallahue
217:Preceded by
174:Preceded by
122:D.J. Keeney
108:Preceded by
57:Preceded by
1219:Categories
863:2019-08-13
796:References
532:Ravenswood
468:Ohio River
352:Union Army
331:Allegiance
310:Profession
286:Republican
251:1819-02-23
231:J.H. Chase
178:J.H. Chase
818:daughter)
462:, on the
300:Residence
207:In office
164:In office
141:In office
98:In office
83:from the
47:In office
1025:Archived
946:Kentucky
872:cite web
536:Virginia
472:Wheeling
458:Born in
381:Commands
91:district
629:Spencer
434:at the
375:Colonel
85:Jackson
703:Weston
699:Sutton
633:Ripley
521:Career
318:Awards
292:Spouse
857:(PDF)
850:(PDF)
878:link
505:and
503:Wirt
366:Rank
277:, US
265:Died
245:Born
87:and
738:).
478:to
474:in
188:n/a
112:n/a
61:n/a
1221::
874:}}
870:{{
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260:US
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253:)
249:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
