Dubgall mac Somairle

300: 343: 40: 618: 502: 498:. Almost immediately afterwards, Guðrøðr is said by the same source to have arrived on Mann, and ruthlessly overpowered his brother. Guðrøðr thereafter regained the kingship, and the realm was divided between the Crovan dynasty and Clann Somairle, in a partitioning that stemmed from Somairle's original strike against Guðrøðr in 1156. At one point, after noting this 1156 segmentation, the chronicle laments the "downfall" of the Kingdom of the Isles from the time Somairle's sons "took possession of it". One possibility is that this statement is evidence that members of Clann Somairle held a share of the kingdom before their father's demise. It could even be evidence that it was not Somairle who possessed the partition, but his sons. 697: 853: 1055: 1749:. Ingibjǫrg was in turn a maternal granddaughter of Moddan, an eminent Caithnessman who had a son named Óttar. The fact that Moddan had a son so-named could be evidence that Moddan's wife was related to Þorfinnr's family (since Þorfinnr's father was named Óttar as well). If all these possibilities are correct, it is conceivable that a familial relationship could have played a part in Þorfinnr's allegiance to Somairle. There may have been another factor contributing to animosity between Þorfinnr and Guðrøðr. For example, it is possible that Þorfinnr was related to 752: 240: 448:, was a relation of Somairle himself. If Muirchertach and Somairle were indeed allied at this point in time it may have meant that Guðrøðr faced a united front of opposition. If correct, it could also be possible that Þorfinnr participated in Somairle's insurrection as an agent of Muirchertach. On the other hand, the fact that Somairle and Muirchertach jostled over ecclesiastical affairs in the 1160s suggests that these two were in fact rivals. Furthermore, the fact that Þorfinnr may have been related to a previous 432: 914: 388: 556: 1000:, nothing further is recorded of Dubgall's sons Amlaíb and Ragnall. Scandinavian sources reveal that Dubgall was the father of a certain Dubgall, who is accorded an epithet meaning "screech". Both Donnchad and this man—alongside a certain kinsman Somairle, who could have been either a son or nephew of Dubgall—are recorded to have participated in a Norwegian-backed invasion of the Isles in 1230. The leader of this campaign was 319:, was absent in Norway—Óláfr was assassinated by three Dublin-based nephews. Within months, Guðrøðr was able to overcome his kin-slaying cousins, and thereby secured kingship for himself. During the latter's reign as king, both Guðrøðr and Somairle appear to have involved themselves in military campaigns in Ireland. In 1154, for instance, troops from the Isles and the western seaboard of Scotland certainly supported 408:

his career. The reason why the Islesmen specifically sought Dubgall as their ruler instead of Somairle is unknown. Evidently, Somairle was somehow an unacceptable candidate, and it is possible that Ragnhildr's royal ancestry lent credibility to Dubgall that Somairle lacked himself. It was certainly not an unheard-of phenomenon for a powerful figure to set up a son as king under his own overlordship. In fact,

779:. One possibility is that this man was appointed by Dubgall himself. Christian's predecessor was Reginald, a Norwegian. Christian's tenure appears to lasted from at least about 1170 to the early 1190s, although the fact that Reginald seems to have followed Guðrøðr into Norwegian exile could indicate that Christian began his episcopate whilst Somairle held the kingship. Even though Christian's notice by the 335:

the senior-most of Somairle's sons. Nevertheless, Somairle's stratagem does not appear to have received unanimous support, as the chronicle specifies that the leading Islesmen were made to render pledges and surrender hostages unto him, and that one such chieftain alerted Guðrøðr of Somairle's treachery. Late in 1156, on the night of 5/6 January, Somairle and Guðrøðr finally clashed in a bloody but

1753:, an Islesmen who had attained the kingship of Dublin in 1142. This act may well have represented a threat to the authority of Guðrøðr's father, and the prospects of Guðrøðr himself. Certainly, the men who slew Óláfr a decade after Ottar's accession were raised in Dublin. Enmity between Þorfinnr and Guðrøðr, therefore, could have been a continuation of hostilities between their respective families. 764:

William I. If the latter was involved in the creation of the diocese, he could well have facilitated the lords of Argyll in their ecclesiastical endeavours. The evidence of an amiable relationship between William I and Dubgall could add weight to the possibility that Dubgall was also involved. Although the early diocese suffered from prolonged vacancies—with only two

1012: 1881:. There is reason to suspect that Clann Somairle fostered the cult of this saint to promote the early diocese. First recorded in the early fourteenth century, the cathedral on Lismore appears to have been constructed by members of Clann Dubgaill. It may have served as the diocesan seat from the earliest days of the diocese. 609:, during the floruit of Ragnall, by way of a convoluted tale concerning the defeat of a supposed associate of Dubgall. In fact, when Ardnamurchan appears on record in 1293 it may have comprised part of the lordship held by Dubgall's descendants, and may well have been held by them for a considerable period of time before. 787:, his episcopacy appears to have spanned a period of reorientation from Mann towards territories controlled by Clann Somairle. In any case, it is evident that Christian was ousted and replaced by a Manxman, Michael, who appears to have been a candidate backed by the Crovan dynasty, represented by the recently inaugurated 174:. Later that year, Somairle defeated Guðrøðr, and the kingdom was divided between them. Two years later, Somairle again defeated Guðrøðr, and assumed control over the entirety of the realm. Whilst is possible that Dubgall was the nominal King of the Isles, it is apparent that his father possessed the real power. 2211:

There are numerous pedigrees outlining the patrilineal ancestry of Somairle's descendants. Although these pedigrees take the Somairle's line several generations further back than Gilla Adamnáin, the successive names become more unusual, and the pedigrees begin to contradict each other. Consequently,

482:

accords to Somairle's slain son. In any case, Gilla Brigte appears to have been a product of another marriage, a union that may have predated Somairle's binding to Ragnhildr. It is unknown if Dubgall was at the battle with Somairle and Gilla Brigte. In fact, it is unknown what role Dubgall played in

452:

could reveal that Þorfinnr himself was opposed to Muirchertach's foreign overlordship. If Guðrøðr's difficulties in Dublin date to a period just before Somairle's coup, the cooperation of men like Þorfinnr could be evidence that Dubgall—on account of his mother's ancestry and his father's power—was

407:

With Guðrøðr gone, it appears that either Dubgall or Somairle became King of the Isles. Although the young Dubgall may well have been the nominal monarch, the chronicle makes it clear that it was Somairle who possessed the real power. Certainly, Irish sources regard Somairle as a king by the end of

370:

Although the precise partitioning is unrecorded and uncertain, the allotment of lands seemingly held by Somairle's descendants in the twelfth- and thirteenth centuries could be evidence that he and his son gained the southernmost islands of the Hebrides, whilst Guðrøðr retained the northernmost. As

727:

Although the early diocesan succession of Argyll is uncertain, the jurisdiction itself appears to have lain outwith the domain of the Crovan dynasty, allowing Clann Somairle to readily act as religious patrons without outside interference. Like the Kingdom of the Isles itself, the great geographic

334:

reveals that Somairle conducted a coup against Guðrøðr, specifying that Þorfinnr Óttarsson—described as one of the leading men of the Isles—produced Dubgall as a replacement to Guðrøðr's rule. The fact that the chronicle identifies Dubgall as the chosen son seems to be further evidence that he was

1832:

descended from a son of Dubgall's brother, Ragnall, rather than from a son of Somairle. Whilst it is possible that this is an innocent mistake, there is reason to suspect that it is intentional. The pedigrees presented by these sources certainly reduce Clann Dubgaill's line of descent to the same

1081:

Although there is reason to suspect that there was also contention between Dubgall and Ragnall, and that the former came to be overshadowed by the latter, Dubgall's descendants overtook Ragnall's by the mid part of the thirteenth century. By the 1240s, for example, Clann Dubgaill was the dominant

1077:

records that Ragnall was defeated by Aongus in a particularly bloody battle. The chronicle does not identify the location of the battle, or elaborate under what circumstances it was fought. Nevertheless, it is possible that the conflict took place in the northern part of the Clann Somairle domain

535:

Although there is no direct evidence that Somairle's imperium fragmented upon his death, there is reason to suspect that it was indeed divided between his sons. Whilst the division of territories amongst later generations of Clann Somairle can be readily discerned, such boundaries are unlikely to

763:

The foundation of the Diocese of Argyll appears to have been a drawn-out and gradual process that is unlikely to have been the work of a single individual—be he Somairle, Ragnall, or Dubgall himself. Nevertheless, Dubgall's attestation in Durham could indicate that he was closely associated with

673:

Upon the occasion of his donation, Dubgall is stated to have been accompanied by Stephen—his chaplain—and a certain Adam de Stanford. Together the three are said to have been accepted into the fraternity of the church of Durham. The text specifies that Dubgall's gift was made "at the feet of the

1046:

relates that Aongus—along with his three sons—fell in battle on the same island in 1210. These records may be evidence that Ragnall's sons were attempting to extend their authority over Skye, and it is possible that they overcame and slew Aongus and his sons there. This last stand on Skye could

905:". Dubgall's donation to the cult of St Cuthbert in Durham, together with the establishment of a Benedictine monastery and an Augustinian nunnery on Iona, are evidence of fundamental ecclesiastical changes affecting the Norse-Gaelic society of the Isles in the twelfth- and thirteenth centuries. 1837:

and Clann Domnaill. In fact, the author of the genealogical material preserved by National Library of Scotland Advocates' 72.1.1—a man who was almost certainly in the employ of Clann Domnaill—may have set the precedent of disparaging accounts of Clann Dubgaill's familial origins for later clan

840:

certainly identifies Ragnall as the founder. However, there is no hard evidence linking him to it. Since the charter reveals that the monastery received substantial endowments from throughout the Clann Somairle domain, it is likely that the foundation was supported by other leading members the

1784:

Somairle's original territorial domain appears to have consisted of Argyll. The fact that later generations of Dubgall's descendants were also based in Argyll could indicate that Dubgall was himself centred there. This could in turn be evidence that Dubgall succeeded his father as head of the

469:

in 1164. The various depictions of Somairle's forces—stated to have been drawn from Argyll, Dublin, and the Isles—appear to reflect the remarkable reach of power that this man possessed at his peak. Several sources also state that a son of Somairle was slain in the battle. According to the

443:

There may be reason to suspect that Guðrøðr's defeat to Somairle was partly enabled by an alliance between Muirchertach and Somairle. For example, Argyllmen formed part of the mercenary fleet utilised by Muirchertach in 1154, and it is possible that the commander of the fleet, a certain

720:. In effect, the political reality of the Diocese of the Isles—its territorial borders and nominal subjection to far-off Norway—appears to have mirrored that of the Kingdom of the Isles. Before the close of the twelfth century, however, evidence of a new ecclesiastical jurisdiction—the 327:. Guðrøðr further appears to have unsuccessfully attempted to secure the kingship of Dublin. However, these setbacks suffered under Guðrøðr's rule—perhaps coupled with the rise of Muirchertach's influence in the Isles—may well have incited Dubgall's father to seize the initiative. 287:. The mixture of Gaelic and Scandinavian names borne by Somairle and his sons appears to exemplify the hybrid Norse-Gaelic milieu of the Isles. The marriage between Somairle and Ragnhildr had severe repercussions on the later history of the Isles, as it gave Somairle's descendants— 2153:) was a symbol of Clann Dubgaill and seemingly Ragnall—ancestor of Clann Ruaidrí and Clann Domnaill—it is conceivable that it was also a symbol of Somairle himself. It was also a symbol of the Crovan dynasty, which could mean that it passed to Somairle's family through Ragnhildr. 1004:, yet another possible son of Dubgall. Certainly, Scandinavian sources state that Óspakr-Hákon was a brother of Dubgall's sons Dubgall and Donnchad. Óspakr-Hákon evidently carved out a career in Norway earlier in the century, and was eventually installed as King of the Isles by 231:, came into conflict before the end of the century—possibly over the leadership of Clann Somairle. Despite Dubgall's apparent overshadowing by Ragnall, the former's Clann Dubgaill descendants were the most powerful branch of Clann Somairle until the fourteenth century. 14690:

1. Either Somairle or Dubgall gained the kingship from Guðrøðr in 1156. Whilst it is possible that Dubgall was the nominal monarch, it is evident that the real power was possessed by Somairle, and Irish sources certainly regarded the latter as king later in his

728:

size of the Diocese of the Isles appears to have contributed to the alienation of outlying areas, and to its eventual disintegration. In fact, there is reason to suspect that portions of the Diocese of Argyll were likewise detached from the Scottish dioceses of

1031:

About three and a half decades after Dubgall's final notice, several historical sources appear to indicate that kin-strife amongst Clann Somairle was a cause of increasing instability in the Isles: for example the fifteenth- to sixteenth-century

969: 939:

Dubgall's attestation in Durham is one of the few examples of Clann Somairle integration into the Scottish realm before the end of the thirteenth century. Nothing further is recorded or known of Dubgall, and the date of his death is unknown.

841:

kindred, such as Dubgall (if he were still alive) or Donnchad. Dubgall's attestation in Durham certainly shows that he was a benefactor of the Benedictine order. In any event, the charter placed the monastery under the protection of

740:. Although the Scottish Crown may well have welcomed the formation of the new diocese as a means to project Scottish royal authority into the region, Clann Somairle rulers generally appear to have been hostile to the Scots, and the 1078:

where some of Aongus' territories may have lain. Whilst this clash could have been result of Ragnall's rise in power and expansion at Dubgall's expense, the encounter could also mark Ragnall's downfall, and perhaps even his death.

527:

appears to reveal that Dubgall was the senior dynast in the 1150s, his next and last attestation fails to accord him a royal title. One possibility is that Dubgall was succeeded or supplanted by Ragnall, whose recorded title of

13961: 12370:

Kirby, M; Alexander, D; Anderson, S; Ballin, TB; Butter, R; Hastie, M; MacDonald, I; McLaren, D; Robertson, J (2009). "Excavations of a Monastic Settlement and Medieval Church Site at Killevin, Crarae Gardens, Mid Argyll".

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groupings of islands, which left his brother-in-law with Mann and the rest of the Hebrides. Two years after Somairle's initial victory of Guðrøðr, the chronicle reveals that Somairle, with a fleet of fifty-three ships,

1051:, seized the Clann Somairle succession after the annihilation of Aongus' branch of the kindred. These accounts of Hebridean warfare may, therefore, signify a radical redistribution of the Clann Somairle imperium. 2220:

refers to Gilla Adamnáin. Together with the evidence of Bethóc's inscribed tombstone (which also names Gilla Brigte), these sources appear to corroborate the identities of Somairle's father and grandfather.

830:. This attempt by Somairle to restore the Columban leadership to Iona starkly contrasted with the actions of his descendants, who oversaw the obliteration of the island's Columban monastery, and founded a 532:("king of the Isles, lord of Argyll and Kintyre") could indicate that Ragnall claimed control over the Clann Somairle territories. Quite how Dubgall was succeeded or superseded is unrecorded and unknown. 9294:

Antonsson, H; Crumplin, S; Conti, A (2007). "A Norwegian in Durham: An Anatomy of a Miracle in Reginald of Durham's Libellus de Admirandis Beati Cuthberti". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

1047:

indicate that Aongus had succeeded Ragnall as the representative of Clann Somairle, and that Ragnall's sons responded by eliminating their uncle and his line. If so, it is possible that Ragnall's son,

772:

before the turn of the mid thirteenth century—over time it became firmly established in the region, allowing the Clann Somairle leadership to retain local control of ecclesiastical power and prestige.

10627: 439:

of the Lewis chessmen. The Scandinavian connections of leading members of the Isles may have been reflected in their military armament, and could have resembled that depicted upon such gaming pieces.

965:. The fact that such terminology is not accorded to Clann Ruaidrí and Clann Domnaill may be further evidence that Dubgall and his successors represented the senior line of Somairle's descendants. 10709: 1745:

There may be reason to suggest that Þorfinnr was distantly related to Clann Somairle through Ragnhildr's ancestry. Specifically, it is possible that Ragnhildr's mother was Ingibjǫrg, daughter of

2166:, located about 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) away. The visible remains of this building probably date to the fifteenth century, although the early history of the site is less certain. The 1902:

worn by this particular piece may be evidence that it dates to the mid twelfth century, when horns began to be positioned on the front and back, as opposed to the sides of the headdress.

563:

before its renovation. This thirteenth- or fourteenth-century citadel may have been constructed by Dubgall's descendants. As such it would appear to exemplify the northern extension of

339:. According to the chronicle, Somairle's fleet numbered eighty ships, and when the fighting concluded, the feuding brothers-in-law divided the Kingdom of the Isles between themselves. 834:

monastery in its place. The new monastery's foundation charter dates to December 1203, which could indicate that Ragnall was responsible for its foundation. The eighteenth-century

845:, which secured its episcopal independence from the Diocese of the Isles. As such, the price for the privilege of Iona's papal protection appears to have been the adoption of the 185:, and it is unknown if Dubgall was present. Whilst it is possible that Dubgall retained a degree of royal authority after Somairle's death, it is evident that his maternal uncle 12924:

McDonald, RA (2000). "Rebels Without a Cause? The Relations of Fergus of Galloway and Somerled of Argyll With the Scottish Kings, 1153–1164". In Cowan, E; McDonald, R (eds.).

775:

There is reason to suspect that Somairle and his sons were able to extend their influence into the Diocese of the Isles through the appointment of an Argyllman, Christian, as

227:. The date of Dubgall's death is unknown. There is reason to suspect that he was succeeded or superseded by Ragnall at some point. Certainly, Ragnall and yet another brother, 11480: 12158: 10885: 688:, and Ragnall. If the latter three were indeed present, however, it is unclear why they are not recorded to have entered the fraternity of St Cuthbert like the other three. 593:, and thus depicts Dubgall's control of the Mull group of islands as a baseless extension of authority at the expense of legitimate members of Clann Somairle. As such, the 476:, Somairle was killed with a son named Gilla Coluim. It is possible that this source has mistaken the latter's name for Gilla Brigte, the name that the fourteenth-century 13539: 277:, and Amlaíb. There is reason to suspect that Dubgall was the eldest of these sons. Certainly, near contemporary sources such as the chronicle and the thirteenth-century 15807: 11014: 13404: 11967:

Duffy, S (2004c). "The Lords of Galloway, Earls of Carrick, and the Bissets of the Glens: Scottish Settlement in Thirteenth-Century Ulster". In Edwards, D (ed.).

14997: 1851:

The record of Dubgall in Durham could indicate that a member of Clann Somairle was responsible for the notice of several Hebridean territories incorporated into

11657: 14992: 14442:

Williams, G (2007). "'These People were High-Born and Thought Well of Themselves': The Family of Moddan of Dale". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

10651:"Reconnaissance excavations on early historic fortifications and other royal sites in Scotland, 1974-84: 2, Excavations at Dunollie Castle, Oban, Argyll, 1978" 899:

refers to Benedictines not Augustinians—Bethóc's historicity is corroborated by an inscription upon her tombstone, transcribed in the seventeenth-century as: "

320: 12303: 10658: 14072: 14032: 13124: 12696: 11935: 11895: 11291:

Caldwell, DH; Hall, MA; Wilkinson, CM (2009). "The Lewis Hoard of Gaming Pieces: A Re-examination of Their Context, Meanings, Discovery and Manufacture".

12943:

McDonald, RA (2004). "Coming in From the Margins: The Descendants of Somerled and Cultural Accommodation in the Hebrides, 1164–1317". In Smith, B (ed.).

2185:

may be evidence of its use in the previous century. As such, it is possible that either Dubgall or Donnchad were responsible for the construction of an

1919:. The fact that this ceremony was conducted by Silvan, Abbot of Rievaulx—and not Christian—could be evidence of antipathy between Guðrøðr and Christian. 581:

source that is opening disparaging in its treatment of Dubgall's descendants—the territories allotted to Dubgall was confined to Lorne—from the head of

10104: 9682: 788: 1819: 952: 816:, Somairle appears have been something a religious traditionalist. In 1164, he attempted to persuade Flaithbertach Ua Brolcháin, Abbot of Derry—the 12821:

McDonald, A (1995). "Scoto-Norse Kings and the Reformed Religious Orders: Patterns of Monastic Patronage in Twelfth-Century Galloway and Argyll".

10552: 1086:

regions of the Scottish realm. Clann Dubgaill retained its supremacy in the west until its eclipse in the fourteenth century, during the reign of

15084: 11337: 891:, Ragnall was responsible for the foundation of this house. The same source describes Bethóc as "a religious woman and a Black Nun", whilst the 189:

seized the kingship before being defeated by Guðrøðr. Nevertheless, the territories seized by Somairle in 1156 were retained by Clann Somairle.

13574: 1842:

certainly gives a derogatory account of Dubgall, and claims that he was an illegitimate son of Somairle in order to stigmatise his descendants.

684:

corroborates Dubgall's presence in Durham by recording his name with those of Stephen and Adam. Also noted are three sons of Dubgall: Amlaíb,

12751: 12450: 11068: 10650: 1677:. In the words of the chronicle, the union between Ragnhildr and Somairle was "the cause of the collapse of the entire Kingdom of the Isles". 12074: 951:

and Clann Domnaill—descended from eponymous sons of Dubgall's brother, Ragnall. Several late mediaeval pedigrees—such as those preserved by

536:

have existed during the chaotic twelfth century. It is possible that the territory of the first generation of Clann Somairle stretched from

200:. Whilst Somairle appears to have been a religious traditionalist, his descendants associated themselves with reformed monastic orders from 14719: 11040:

Beuermann, I (2014). "No Soil for Saints: Why was There No Native Royal Martyr in Man and the Isles". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

2171: 324: 299: 13019:

McDonald, RA (2012). "The Manx Sea Kings and the Western Oceans: The Late Norse Isle of Man in its North Atlantic Context, 1079–1265". In

1805:("in the Dale of Scotland's Fjords"). One possibility is that this source refers to Argyll, another is that it specifically refers to the 1762:

The fact that Dubgall appears on record before Ragnall's first attestation may be further evidence that Dubgall was the senior of the two.

15827: 13122:

McDonald, RW (2015). "Outsiders, Vikings, and Merchants: The Context Dependency of the Gall-Ghàidheil in Medieval Ireland and Scotland".

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McDonald, RA (1995). "Images of Hebridean Lordship in the Late Twelfth and Early Thirteenth Centuries: The Seal of Raonall Mac Sorley".

15107: 14728: 12271:

Jennings, A (2017). "Three Scottish Coastal Names of Note: Earra-Ghàidheal, Satíriseið, and Skotlandsfirðir". In Worthington, D (ed.).

14931: 11252:

Caldwell, DH (2016). "The Sea Power of the Western Isles of Scotland in the Late Medieval Period". In Barrett, JH; Gibbon, SJ (eds.).

1371: 260: 14446:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 129–152. 13220:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 285–305. 11422:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 200–210. 11384:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 146–175. 10599:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 169–193. 2212:

Gilla Adamnáin may be the furthest the patrilineal line can be taken back with confidence. The patronym accorded to Somairle by the

2162:

Dunstaffnage Castle appears to have been the principal seat of Clann Dubgaill. Another fortified site associated with the family is

1707:

is 1157. Whatever the year, the weather conditions must have been particularly good to permit a naval battle at this time of season.

13519:(1988). "Personal Names as an Indicator of Relations Between Native Irish and Settlers in the Viking Period". In Bradley, J (ed.). 11501: 12174: 11564:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 65–80. 11044:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 81–95. 10906: 10727: 10703: 13380:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. pp. 1–47. 9750:

Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler

9740:

Flateyjarbok: En Samling af Norske Konge-Sagaer med Indskudte Mindre Fortællinger om Begivenheder i og Udenfor Norse Same Annaler

342: 13153:

McLeod, W (2002). "Rí Innsi Gall, Rí Fionnghall, Ceannas nan Gàidheal: Sovereignty and Rhetoric in the Late Medieval Hebrides".

13000:

McDonald, RA (2008). "Man, Ireland, and England: The English Conquest of Ireland and Dublin-Manx Relations". In Duffy, S (ed.).

9022: 15802: 15213: 13556: 15024: 13879:

The Liber Vitae of Durham (BL MS Cotton Domitian A. VII: A Discussion of its Possible Context and use in the Later Middle Ages

10595:

Abrams, L (2007). "Conversion and the Church in the Hebrides in the Viking Age". In Smith, BB; Taylor, S; Williams, G (eds.).

9923:

Reliquiæ Celticæ: Texts, Papers and Studies in Gaelic Literature and Philology, Left by the Late Rev. Alexander Cameron, LL.D.

1690:

in the early nineteenth century. Some of the pieces may have arrived in the Isles as a result of Guðrøðr's return from Norway.

501: 15797: 15208: 14572: 14545: 14494: 14451: 14261: 14185: 14140: 14113: 14014: 13740: 13447: 13414: 13305: 13274: 13067: 13040: 13009: 12990: 12971: 12914: 12640: 12510: 12292: 12199: 12168: 12037: 12018: 11757: 11748:. Celtic, Anglo-Saxon, and Scandinavian Studies. Aberdeen: Centre for Anglo-Saxon Studies and The Centre for Celtic Studies, 11734: 11569: 11466: 11435: 11397: 11273: 11049: 11003: 10604: 10576: 10071: 9308: 1750: 1005: 15148: 14946: 14672: 10539:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

10520:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

9726:

Icelandic Sagas and Other Historical Documents Relating to the Settlements and Descents of the Northmen on the British Isles

887:

house may have been built near the end of the twelfth century, or perhaps in the first decade of the next. According to the

495: 311:. Comprising some four sets, the pieces are thought to have been crafted in Norway in the twelfth- and thirteenth centuries. 186: 11560:

Crawford, BE (2014). "The Kingdom of Man and the Earldom of Orkney—Some Comparisons". In Sigurðsson, JV; Bolton, T (eds.).

2199: 1746: 635:

Following Dubgall's part in his father's coup of 1156, Dubgall's next and last attestation occurs in 1175, when he visited

12962:

McDonald, RA (2007a). "Dealing Death From Man: Manx Sea Power in and around the Irish Sea, 1079–1265". In Duffy, S (ed.).

15077: 10287: 10087: 1983:

This Scandinavian epithet, borne by a man with a Gaelic name, exemplifies the hybrid culture of the Kingdom of the Isles.

170:

In 1155 or 1156, Dubgall was produced as a candidate to the kingship of the Isles, then-possessed by his maternal uncle,

15426: 11024: 674:

saint", suggesting that the ceremony took place before an image of St Cuthbert, or (perhaps more likely) at his shrine.

571:

There is reason to suspect that Dubgall also controlled the Mull group of islands. According to the seventeenth-century

409: 13421: 9730: 490:

Although it is conceivable that Dubgall was able to secure power following his father's demise, it is evident from the

413: 315:

The year 1153 marked a watershed in the history for the Kingdom of the Isles. In June of this year—whilst Óláfr's son,

795:—a right originally granted to the monks by Dubgall's maternal grandfather—Christian's episcopacy is not noted by the 417: 39: 14513: 14413: 14242: 14223: 13991: 13982:

Sellar, WDH (2000). "Hebridean Sea Kings: The Successors of Somerled, 1164–1316". In Cowan, EJ; McDonald, RA (eds.).

13858: 13827: 13804: 13785: 13549: 13506: 13385: 13366: 13324: 13255: 13225: 13206: 13185: 12952: 12933: 12811: 12678: 12609: 12586: 12360: 12063: 11995: 11976: 11877: 11854: 11646: 11627: 11600: 11589:

Rural Society in the Age of Reason: An Archaeology of the Emergence of Modern Life in the Southern Scottish Highlands

11533: 11495: 11242: 11196: 11132: 10941: 10900: 10874: 10847: 10824: 10801: 10782: 10760: 10737: 10717: 10548: 10347: 2097: 741: 12604:. Politics, Culture and Society in Early Modern Britain. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 196–239. 1932:

states that, after the death of Reginald, the see was vacant for forty years, until the appointment of John in 1210.

1911:

In 1176/1177, the marriage of Guðrøðr and Findguala Nic Lochlainn was formalised under the auspices of the visiting

14712: 14523:

Woolf, A (2005). "The Origins and Ancestry of Somerled: Gofraid mac Fergusa and 'The Annals of the Four Masters'".

14390: 14176:

Strickland, MJ (2012). "The Kings of Scots at War, c. 1093–1286". In Spiers, EM; Crang, JA; Strickland, MJ (eds.).

13155: 12621:"Gaelic Christianity? The Church in the Western Highlands and Islands of Scotland Before and After the Reformation" 11415: 10558: 10440: 913: 14895: 13538:

Perkins, K (2006). "Bethoc (Beatrice), Daughter of Somerled". In Ewan, E; Innes, S; Reynolds, S; Pipes, R (eds.).

12505:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: Brill. 387: 263:. The union of Somairle and Ragnhildr may date to about 1140. According to the thirteenth- to fourteenth-century 14961: 11380:

Cameron, C (2014). "'Contumaciously Absent'? The Lords of the Isles and the Scottish Crown". In Oram, RD (ed.).

617: 15832: 15070: 15014: 14252:

Tabraham, C (2012). "Castles and Fortifications in Scotland". In Spiers, EM; Crang, JA; Strickland, MJ (eds.).

14166: 13528: 11843:

Seanchas: Studies in Early and Medieval Irish Archaeology, History and Literature in Honour of Francis J. Byrne

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kindred on Scotland's western seaboard, and had begun to align itself with leading families in the eastern and

984: 11221:

Caldwell, DH (2004). "The Scandinavian Heritage of the Lordship of the Isles". In Adams, J; Holman, K (eds.).

15837: 14870: 12328: 11692: 9646: 9326: 2100:

in 1299. An earlier reference to the clan surname may be that of Dubgall's grandson (and Alasdair's father),

14936: 14650: 14583: 9690: 1716:

One of the commanders of these troops is identified as Mac Scelling. This man's name is similar to that of "

316: 171: 15376: 15244: 15198: 13460:(1999). "Review of B Smith, Britain and Ireland, 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change". 12569:

MacGregor, M (2001). "Clan Societies: Clans of the Highlands and Islands: 1. to 1609, 2. 1610 Onwards". In

11986:

Duffy, S (2006). "The Royal Dynasties of Dublin and the Isles in the Eleventh Century". In Duffy, S (ed.).

9299:. The Northern World: North Europe and the Baltic c. 400–1700 AD. Peoples, Economics and Cultures. Leiden: 717: 15713: 12346: 14705: 12352: 10925: 806: 663: 15153: 15029: 872: 865: 15340: 14900: 14154: 12446: 11662: 11592: 10816: 10752: 9890:

List of Diplomatic Documents, Scottish Documents, and Papal Bulls Preserved in the Public Record Office

9113: 2179: 2149:. The coat of arms corresponds to the seal of Alasdair Mac Dubgaill. Since the galley (also known as a 1785:

kindred. If Dubgall did indeed succeed his father, it is conceivable that Dubgall was styled in Gaelic

1087: 589:

in the south. The source further claims that he had no right of inheritance in the Isles on account of

1545:

Since the 1980s, academics have accorded Dubgall various personal names in English secondary sources:

523:

There is uncertainty regarding the succession of Clann Somairle after Somairle's demise. Although the

15683: 15441: 15173: 15168: 14664: 12570: 12149: 12047: 11520:

Cowan, EJ (1990). "Norwegian Sunset — Scottish Dawn: Hakon IV and Alexander III". In Reid, NH (ed.).

11184: 10990:

Beuermann, I (2010). "'Norgesveldet?' South of Cape Wrath? Political Views Facts, and Questions". In

10951:

Beuermann, I (2002). "Metropolitan Ambitions and Politics: Kells-Mellifont and Man & the Isles".

10628:"Mingary Castle Ardnamurchan, Highland: Analytical and Historical Assessment for Ardnamurchan Estate" 10503: 10246: 1916: 1200: 716:. Early in Guðrøðr's reign, the diocese came to be incorporated into the newly established Norwegian 667: 598: 381: 347: 248: 148: 122: 15044: 15002: 2114:. In any event, such family names appear after two generations for Clann Ruaidrí and Clann Domnaill. 968: 812:

Compared to his immediate descendants, who associated themselves with reformed monastic orders from

15817: 15812: 15751: 15703: 15203: 14324:

Wadden, P (2014). "Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn: History and Literature in Twelfth-Century Ireland".

13457: 13339: 10463: 10190: 10161: 10127: 9961: 9872: 9794: 9712: 9674: 9638: 9604: 9570: 9536: 9502: 9468: 9434: 9400: 9052: 2186: 895:

states that she was a prioress on Iona. Although these accounts are somewhat suspect—as the colour

215:

Although the division of Clann Somairle territories is uncertain, it is possible that Dubgall held

192:

Dubgall's next and last attestation occurs in 1175, when he is recorded to have made a donation to

14559:. Studies in the Early Middle Ages. Vol. 23. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers. pp. 221–239. 14009:. A History of Everyday Life in Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 89–108. 10523:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 1. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 10038:

Registrum Magni Sigilli Regum Scotorum: The Register of the Great Seal of Scotland, A.D. 1424–1513

391:

The name of Dubgall's mother, Ragnhildr Óláfsdóttir, as it appears on folio 143r of GKS 1005 fol (

15279: 14875: 12253: 12006: 11819: 11525: 11145:(2005). "Review of S Boardman; A Ross, The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, c.1200–1500". 10542:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 9118: 2175: 1958: 1727: 831: 15034: 12451:"Dunstaffnage Castle, Argyll & Bute: Excavations in the north tower and east range, 1987-94" 1048: 864:

religious that may have been built before the turn of the thirteenth century. Dubgall's sister,

15509: 15391: 15223: 14835: 12445:

Lewis, J; Graves, P; Caldwell, D; Holmes, NMMcQ; Smith, H; Will, R; Gallagher, D; Murdoch, KR;

11749: 11458: 10732:. Vol. 4. The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. 1982. 10176: 9070: 1426: 846: 582: 252: 152: 132: 15178: 13647: 13376:

Oram, RD (2005). "Introduction: An Overview of the Reign of Alexander II". In Oram, RD (ed.).

12729: 10054:

Moore, JS; Rollason, L; Wareham, A (2007). "Laity: Kings, Queens, Princes and Princesses". In

1992:

Since the 1980s, academics have accorded the clan various names in English secondary sources:

1344: 15627: 15583: 15188: 15093: 15019: 14966: 14425:

Land Assessment and Military Organisation in the Norse Settlements in Scotland, c.900–1266 AD

14198:

Irish Influence on Ecclesiastical Settlements in Scotland a Case Study of the Island of Islay

11213: 9926:

Vol. 2. Inverness: The Northern Counties Newspaper and Printing and Publishing Company.

2124: 989: 685: 622: 453:

advanced as a royal candidate in an effort to counter Muirchertach's overlordship of Dublin.

88: 15632: 14825: 14538:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

13267:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

13265:

Nicholls, K (2007). "Scottish Mercenary Kindreds in Ireland, 1250–1600". In Duffy, S (ed.).

12964:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

12030:

The World of the Galloglass: Kings, Warlords and Warriors in Ireland and Scotland, 1200–1600

11209:

Cill- Names and Saints in Argyll: A Way Towards Understanding the Early Church in Dál Riata?

2101: 1062: 724:—begins to emerge during ongoing contentions between Clann Somairle and the Crovan dynasty. 712:. Little is known of its early history, although its origins may well lie with the Uí Ímair 15822: 15658: 15325: 15300: 15218: 15163: 15127: 14956: 14865: 14732: 14555:

Woolf, A (2010). "Reporting Scotland in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle". In Jorgensen, A (ed.).

14405: 13883: 12734: 12230: 11864:

Duffy, S (2002). "The Bruce Brothers and the Irish Sea World, 1306–29". In Duffy, S (ed.).

10198: 10091: 9946: 9374: 1877:

According to tradition, the original church on Lismore was founded by the Irish missionary

709: 701: 696: 648: 510: 352: 270: 205: 15470: 13648:"Meeting in Norway: Norse-Gaelic Relations in the Kingdom of Man and the Isles, 1090–1270" 8: 15515: 15481: 15345: 15335: 15330: 14987: 14910: 14845: 14840: 14820: 14746: 14487:

Ecclesia Nidrosiensis, 1153–1537: Søkelys på Nidaroskirkens og Nidarosprovinsens Historie

12273:

The New Coastal History: Cultural and Environmental Perspectives From Scotland and Beyond

10839: 10507: 10281: 10258: 10240: 10063: 9999: 9866: 9720: 9064: 1066: 1058: 776: 729: 506: 478: 274: 228: 178: 15269: 15039: 14276:

Scottish Studies: The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh

13962:

Scottish Studies: The Journal of the School of Scottish Studies, University of Edinburgh

12983:

Manx Kingship in its Irish Sea Setting, 1187–1229: King Rǫgnvaldr and the Crovan Dynasty

10475: 10315: 10022: 10007: 9940: 9748: 9738: 44:

Dubgall's name as it appears on folio 16v of British Library Cotton Domitian A VII (the

15678: 15663: 15568: 15463: 15264: 15183: 14885: 14880: 14804: 14794: 14357: 14312: 14295:

Wadden, P (2013). "Do Feartaib Cairnich, Ireland and Scotland in the Twelfth Century".

13947: 13931: 13847: 13719: 13711: 13695: 13678: 13613: 13597: 13477: 13110: 13094: 13073: 12893: 12877: 12848: 12790: 12774: 12549: 12503:

Clerics and Clansmen: The Diocese of Argyll between the Twelfth and Sixteenth Centuries

12489: 12473: 12433: 12417: 12388: 12276: 12113: 12097: 11802: 11786: 11775:

Duffy, S (1992). "Irishmen and Islesmen in the Kingdoms of Dublin and Man, 1052–1171".

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Sturlunga Saga Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works

10471: 10415: 10395: 10375: 10264: 10184: 10032: 9960:. Publications of the Scottish History Society, Second Series. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: 9888: 9810: 9802: 9214: 9194: 9174: 9154: 9134: 9108: 9098: 1856: 1732: 1704: 836: 813: 802: 733: 678: 336: 201: 45: 15431: 14859: 13900:

Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society

13285: 11455:

By Poetic Authority: The Rhetoric of Panegyric in Gaelic Poetry of Scotland to c. 1700

9766: 9274: 9254: 9234: 1699:

The chronicle dates the battle to the year 1156. Since the start of a new year in the

852: 625:, and Ragnall, as they appear on folio 16v of British Library Cotton Domitian A VII: " 15698: 15693: 15558: 15350: 15320: 15284: 15009: 14926: 14799: 14777: 14755: 14697: 14657: 14568: 14541: 14509: 14490: 14457: 14447: 14444:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

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Downham, C (2013). "Living on the Edge: Scandinavian Dublin in the Twelfth Century".

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West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

10572: 10537: 10518: 10480:. Norske historiske kildeskriftfonds skrifter. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 10457: 10343: 10304: 10221: 10202: 10155: 10121: 10081: 10067: 10036: 9981: 9921: 9917: 9847: 9828: 9788: 9724: 9706: 9668: 9632: 9598: 9564: 9530: 9496: 9462: 9428: 9394: 9364: 9314: 9304: 9297:

West Over Sea: Studies in Scandinavian Sea-Borne Expansion and Settlement Before 1300

9060: 9046: 9030: 1824: 1083: 1054: 1001: 973: 842: 745: 721: 537: 462: 425: 363: 265: 209: 182: 144: 96: 71: 30: 11777: 9824: 9613: 9579: 1970:

Bethóc may have been the first owner of the thirteenth-century Iona Psalter made in

15708: 15668: 15606: 15530: 15436: 15381: 15274: 14830: 14560: 14428: 14349: 14161:. Edinburgh: Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. 14128: 14077: 14037: 13687: 13589: 13469: 13343: 13293: 13243: 13133: 13085:

McDonald, RA; McLean, SA (1992). "Somerled of Argyll: A New Look at Old Problems".

13055: 13052:

Kings, Usurpers, and Concubines in the Chronicles of the Kings of Man and the Isles

13028: 12869: 12832: 12823: 12766: 12701: 12655: 12628: 12541: 12465: 12380: 12323: 12315: 12280: 12257: 12234: 12089: 11940: 11900: 11823: 11687: 11671: 11423: 11418:(2014). "West Highland Heraldry and The Lordship of the Isles". In Oram, RD (ed.). 11385: 11352: 11300: 11261: 11230: 11156: 11147: 11083: 10962: 10667: 10562: 10486: 10481: 10366: 10361: 10333: 10254: 10170: 9955: 9899: 9354: 9349: 9336: 9300: 2137: 1034: 797: 765: 737: 636: 284: 197: 14761: 14096: 14056: 12720: 11959: 11919: 10998:. Trondheim Studies in History. Trondheim: Tapir Academic Press. pp. 99–123. 10435: 1834: 948: 708:

The ecclesiastical jurisdiction within the Kingdom of the Isles was the far-flung

15761: 15746: 15718: 15688: 15673: 15653: 15497: 15491: 15406: 15310: 14905: 14851: 14788: 14340:(1994). "Bishops in the Isles Before 1203: Bibliography and Biographical Lists". 13864: 13833: 13691: 13020: 12596:

MacGregor, M (2002). "The Genealogical Histories of Gaelic Scotland". In Fox, A;

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Somairle died in a seaborne invasion of Scotland that culminated in a disastrous

421: 279: 216: 13409:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 12284: 12126: 11191:. The New Edinburgh History of Scotland. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 849:, and the supersession of the island's centuries-old institution of St Columba. 15776: 15486: 15476: 15254: 15122: 15117: 15112: 14982: 14627: 14271: 14081: 14041: 12705: 12250:

Historical Study of the Gael and Norse in Western Scotland From c.795 to c.1000

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Reginaldi Monachi Dunelmensis Libellus de Admirandis Beati Cuthberti Virtutibus

10055: 10003: 9806: 9087: 1829: 1806: 1020: 944: 756: 640: 564: 560: 449: 308: 288: 255:. Somairle's familial origins are obscure, although he was almost certainly of 164: 156: 112: 14132: 14066: 14026: 13541:

The Biographical Dictionary of Scottish Women: From the Earliest Times to 2004

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McNeill, TE (2002). "Dunineny Castle and the Gaelic View of Castle Building".

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Annals of the Reigns of Malcolm and William, Kings of Scotland, A.D. 1153–1214

2198:

There is reason to suspect that Ragnhildr's mother was Ingibjǫrg, daughter of

1791:("king of Argyll"). Certainly, later descendants of Dubgall styled themselves 658:

Dubgall's donation was evidently undertaken in the context of travelling from

494:

that the kingship was seized before the end of the year by Guðrøðr's brother,

393: 15791: 15771: 15756: 15741: 15728: 15637: 15611: 15596: 15548: 15411: 15249: 15132: 14890: 14607: 14461: 14369: 14361: 14353: 14337: 14308: 14287: 14150: 13974: 13943: 13935: 13911: 13707: 13699: 13668: 13638: 13609: 13601: 13593: 13489: 13481: 13395: 13235: 13168: 13145: 13106: 13098: 12889: 12881: 12844: 12786: 12778: 12770: 12669:

MacInnes, R (2004). "The Castles and Mansions of Argyll". In Omand, D (ed.).

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Settlement and Society in Medieval Ireland: Studies Presented to F.X. Martin

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Britain and Ireland, 900–1300: Insular Responses to Medieval European Change

12632: 10528: 10495: 10295: 10272: 10231: 10212: 10046: 9991: 9969: 9942:

General View of the Agriculture of the Hebrides or Western Isles of Scotland

9931: 9909: 9857: 9838: 9758: 15766: 15591: 15421: 15396: 15239: 15193: 14382: 13919: 13837: 13777: 12597: 12348:

Noblewomen, Aristocracy and Power in the Twelfth-Century Anglo-Norman Realm

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Masculine Identity in Medieval Scotland: Gender, Ethnicity, and Regionality

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Davey, PJ (2006a). "Christianity in the Celtic Countries Isle of Man". In

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Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland

9078: 1912: 1878: 1673:

does not identity Ragnhildr by name, her name is nevertheless preserved by

1016: 1011: 884: 880: 861: 857: 784: 606: 590: 445: 436: 376: 304: 256: 220: 15305: 14584:"The Song of the Death of Somerled and the Destruction of Glasgow in 1153" 13868: 13216:

Murray, N (2005). "Swerving From the Path of Justice". In Oram, RD (ed.).

12157:

Fisher, I (2005). "The Heirs of Somerled". In Oram, RD; Stell, GP (eds.).

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and leading Scottish magnates are otherwise known to have sworn fealty to

350:, as it appears on folio 19v of British Library Cotton Faustina B IX (the 15259: 15158: 13473: 12028:

Duffy, S (2007b). "The Prehistory of the Galloglass". In Duffy, S (ed.).

11256:. The Society for Medieval Archaeology Monograph. Milton Park, Abingdon: 11225:. Medieval Texts and Cultures of Northern Europe. Vol. 4. Turnhout: 11119:

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10966: 9135:"Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat" 9109:"Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster Otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat" 2167: 2093: 1941:

The endowment included lands in Lorn and Kintyre, and on islands such as

919: 652: 578: 193: 15062: 14316: 14127:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 415–440. 13951: 13715: 13292:. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 131–156. 13114: 12897: 12437: 11806: 11709: 11562:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

11490:. Edinburgh: The Scottish Society for Northern Studies. pp. 25–44. 11042:

Celtic-Norse Relationships in the Irish Sea in the Middle Ages, 800–1200

10936:. Vol. 5. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 809–827. 10710:

The Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland

10024:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

10009:

Chronica Regvm Manniæ et Insvlarvm: The Chronicle of Man and the Sudreys

2216:

refers to Gilla Brigte, whilst the patronym accorded to Somairle by the

1855:, a twelfth-century text concerning the Cult of St Cuthbert composed by 947:

branch of Clann Somairle. The two other main branches of Clann Somairle—

917:

The name of Dubgall's son, Dubgall, as it appears on 162v of AM 47 fol (

751: 15553: 14469: 13027:. The New Middle Ages. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 143–184. 12852: 12239: 11637:

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Viking Kings of Britain and Ireland: The Dynasty of Ívarr to A.D. 1014

10338: 791:. Although Christian probably received confirmation from the monks of 513:, brothers of Dubgall, as they appear on folio 143r of GKS 1005 fol: " 15736: 15601: 15563: 15503: 15386: 14783: 13655: 12660: 12530:"Genealogies of the Clans: Contributions to the Study of the MS 1467" 11969:

Regions and Rulers in Ireland, 1100–1650: Essays for Kenneth Nicholls

11257: 10135: 412:

did just this about half a century before by marrying his young son,

160: 12836: 11223:

Scandinavia and Europe, 800–1350: Contact, Conflict, and Coexistence

10567: 1868:

Stephen and Adam are unlikely to have been Argyllians or Hebrideans.

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Woolf, A (2003). "The Diocese of the Sudreyar". In Imsen, S (ed.).

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Simms, K (2018). "Gaelic Culture and Society". In Smith, B (ed.).

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Duffy, S (2007a). "Henry II and England's Insular Neighbours". In

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in the south: with Aongus ruling in the north, Dubgall centred in

167:. Dubgall's career is obscure, and little is certain of his life. 15573: 15538: 15457: 15366: 14196: 13877: 13201:. Scottish History Society. Edinburgh: Scottish History Society. 11866:

Robert the Bruce's Irish Wars: The Invasions of Ireland 1306–1329

10953: 9729:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 4. London: 9335:. Rerum Britannicarum Medii Ævi Scriptores. Vol. 2. London: 2150: 1891: 1771:

Parallels of such familial partitioning can be found amongst the

818: 602: 586: 549: 484: 466: 431: 107: 14751: 14557:

Reading the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Language, Literature, History

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Power, R (2012). "Iona's Sheela-na-Gig and Its Visual Context".

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Provenance of Building Stones in Four 'Galley Castles' in Argyll

11641:. Vol. 4. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. pp. 1618–1619. 11207: 9893:. Lists and Indexes. New York: Kraus Reprint Corporation. 1963 . 555: 15371: 12909:. Scottish Historical Monographs. East Linton: Tuckwell Press. 6004:

pp. 157 fig. 2i, 188 fig. 15, 192 tab. 5, 192–193, 197 tab. 8;

2145: 2128: 1971: 988:

describes several sons and suspected sons of Dubgall (Dubgall,

12160:

Lordship and Architecture in Medieval and Renaissance Scotland

11016:

The Norwegian Attack on Iona in 1209–10: The Last Viking Raid?

1061:

was probably built by Donnchad, and expanded upon by his son,

291:—a claim to the kingship by way of Ragnhildr's royal descent. 283:

list his name before those of his brothers. Dubgall's name is

14007:

A History of Everyday Life in Medieval Scotland, 1000 to 1600

10751:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought. Cambridge: 9849:

Det Arnamagnæanske Hanndskrift 81a Fol. (Skálholtsbók Yngsta)

2141: 2092:. The first certain record of a member of the clan bearing a 1954: 1899: 1786: 1717: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1627: 900: 896: 372: 13959:

Sellar, WDH (1971). "Family Origins in Cowal and Knapdale".

13004:. Vol. 8. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 131–149. 11591:. Contributions to Global Historical Archaeology. New York: 10996:

The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World c. 1100–c. 1400

1644:, and means "dark foreigner" or "dark stranger". The Gaelic 548:(with possibly the bulk of the inheritance), and Ragnall in 14256:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 706–727. 13523:. Irish Studies. Kilkenny: Boethius Press. pp. 79–88. 12947:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 179–198. 12408:

Lamont, WD (1981). "Alexander of Islay, Son of Angus Mór".

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Caldwell, DH; Kirk, S; Márkus, G; Tate, J; Webb, S (2013).

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Matthæi Parisiensis, Monachi Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora

9753:. Vol. 3. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1868. 9221:(16 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013b 2178:

as far back as the thirteenth century, whilst a particular

1946: 1039: 827: 659: 14180:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 94–132. 11990:. Vol. 7. Dublin: Four Courts Press. pp. 51–65. 9743:. Vol. 2. Oslo: P.T. Mallings Forlagsboghandel. 1862. 9281:(25 January 2011 ed.). University College Cork. 2011b 9261:(25 January 2011 ed.). University College Cork. 2011a 9201:(3 December 2013 ed.). University College Cork. 2013a 9181:(5 September 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008 9066:

Scottish Annals From English Chroniclers, A.D. 500 to 1286

12127:"Notes on the Church in the Dioceses of Sodor and Argyll" 10813:

Robert Bruce & the Community of the Realm of Scotland

10382:(8 February 2016 ed.). University College Cork. 2016 929:". The epithet attributed to the latter in this excerpt, 875:, a daughter of Somairle, appears to have been the first 801:, which could be evidence that he was consecrated by the 748:

lay far outwith the Scottish king's sphere of authority.

647:

recording his gift of two gold rings and the pledge of 1

14159:

Late Medieval Monumental Sculpture in the West Highlands

14027:"MacDougall, Ewen, Lord of Argyll (d. in or After 1268)" 13246:(2005). "Mac Domnaill (Macdonnell)". In Duffy, S (ed.). 10422:(6 January 2017 ed.). University College Cork. 2017 10402:(29 August 2008 ed.). University College Cork. 2008 9348:. Vol. 1. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 14472:(2002). "The 'When, Why & Wherefore' of Scotland". 14404:. Blackwell Companions to British History. Malden, MA: 13319:. Tempus Scottish Monarchs. Stroud: Tempus Publishing. 12220:. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússona. pp. 194–207. 9369:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: H. M. General Register House. 9241:(13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005 9161:(13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005 9141:(13 April 2005 ed.). University College Cork. 2005 2096:

in reference to Dubgall is that of his great-grandson,

14727: 11069:"Survey and excavation at Dunstaffnage Castle, Argyll" 10320:. Vol. 2. Edinburgh: H.M. General Register House. 1890:

The pictured piece depicts a seated bishop, holding a

1008:. Donnchad's last certain attestation occurs in 1237. 371:

such, Somairle could well have secured control of the

208:, may have been responsible for the foundation of the 181:

in 1164. At least one of Somairle's sons was slain in

13582: