137:
623:
361:
661:. In this period as well, Carolingian courts and Gothic law were still in effect in Besalú, as late as 1031. Between 969 and 1020, the county of Besalú minted its own money, though this currency has not been preserved in the form of coins, its only evidence being documentary. Between 1020 and 1111, three different kinds of silver coin were minted in Besalú. The
750:
with all their castles. In return, Barcelona became the heir of
Bernard if he died without children. At the time Bernard was fifty years of age (older than his father-in-law) and Jimena a mere child of seven or eight. It was not unlikely that Bernard would die before the marriage could legally be
609:
In the latter half of the tenth century, the power and authority of the counts of Besalú and
Cerdanya increased. In 957, Besalú was rocked by the rebellion of a faction of the noblesse backing the sons of the deceased count Radulf. Wilfred was assassinated and Sunifred annexed the property of the
802:. In 1017, Pope Benedict conceded to Bernard Tallaferro the right to establish a diocese of his own. Ignoring the proposals of Joan de les Abadesses and Sant Pau de Fenollet, Bernard founded it in Besalú itself. The first bishop was his own son Wilfred, abbot of Sant Joan de les Abadesses.
805:
On
Bernard's death in 1020, the bishops of Girona and Vic reclaimed their ancient rights over the parishes of Besalú. Wilfred, lacking a political protector, retired to his monastery and the diocese of Besalú was abolished.
657:
The last quarter of the 10th century and first quarter of the 11th witnessed very little war in southern France and
Catalonia, some of the only instances occurring between Oliba Cabreta and the
85:. Throughout most of its history it was attached to one of the other more powerful counties, but it experienced a century of independence before it was finally and irrevocably annexed to the
576:, acted consonantly throughout their lives. In 943 Sunyer of Barcelona attacked Besalú and Ripoll and Sunifred came to Wilfred's aid. The brother also retained their ties to the
751:
consummated. The aging and ineffectual Count of Besalú showed no desire to govern and readily allowed his new father-in-law to fill the vacuum left by the death of
Bernard II.
755:
321:
296:
881:
681:
602:
which he and his brother had jointly founded as their legacy. Wilfred also received a portion of the property which the viscount
Unifred had treacherously taken from
224:
863:
610:
rebels and took over the county. In 965, Sunifred passed all his counties on to Oliba, who gave Besalú as a subordinate countship to Miro, but when Miro became
603:
684:. In 1100, the moderate and stable Bernard II died and Bernard III began to reign on his own. He had little support from the local nobility and
783:
514:
565:. When the two reached their majority, Sunifred governed Cerdanya and the younger Wilfred Besalú under the suzerainty of his older brother.
759:
400:
626:
The aft exterior of the nave of the church of San Pere, dedicated in 1003. It was the cathedral of the short-lived diocese of Besalú.
650:. He annexed Ripoll in 1002. He inaugurated an independent line of rulers in Besalú and thus diminished the power of his dynasty.
771:
696:
136:
758:, who was the feudal suzerain of Besalú. The problem was solved by the cession of Vallespir, Fenolledès, Peyrepertuse, and
17:
935:
685:
546:
742:
In 1107, Bernard III married Jimena, Raymond
Berengar's daughter. In the marriage pact, Raymond Berengar ceded
594:
in 929, indicating the presence and memory of the royal fisc in Besalú. Wilfred even going to the court of
557:. When Miro died in 927, his counties were ruled indivisibly by his widow Ava as regent for his two sons,
1076:
211:
1081:
736:
480:
and then eastward into
Roussillon, Empúries, and Besalú. Under Louis and his successors, a system of
1086:
732:
469:
775:
839:
558:
875:
869:
833:
677:
673:
562:
599:
69:
894:
857:
658:
465:
787:
720:
700:
453:
8:
790:. There was not, however, a bishop in Besalú. Rather, the abbacies were dependent on the
665:
of Besalú in the eleventh century have been considered some of the best exemplars of the
461:
314:
86:
815:
518:
724:
651:
647:
595:
550:
434:
78:
931:
795:
591:
542:
506:
477:
239:
172:
827:
821:
611:
538:
526:
498:
494:
457:
388:
301:
105:
60:
44:
32:
799:
728:
554:
445:
392:
754:
In 1111, Bernard died and
Barcelona inherited Besalú. This led to conflict with
639:
791:
747:
666:
510:
476:. Under Louis the Pious Gothia saw a reinvigorated monasticism spread first in
49:
922:
426:
1070:
851:
654:
established diocese in Besalú for
Bernard's benefit, but it was short-lived.
569:
64:
770:
Some of the most important monasteries in Catalonia were located in Besalú:
845:
643:
631:
577:
573:
452:
and ruled it directly along with the other maritime counties of the Marca:
587:
374:
162:
723:, and Peyrepertuse, which were refortified in the thirteenth century by
414:
364:
The medieval remains of Besalú. The bridge dates to the twelfth century.
908:
909:
The Development of Southern French and Catalan Society, 718–1050
779:
486:
was established in Besalú, largely held by native Goths and immigrant
662:
635:
449:
695:
as far as Corbières. It dominated and patronised the monasteries of
152:
82:
716:
708:
704:
692:
582:
502:
473:
430:
422:
418:
404:
343:
74:
57:
712:
487:
482:
409:
598:
in order to solicit a privilege of immunity to the monastery of
586:, probably without royal sanction but perhaps as an honour from
743:
691:
At the turn of the 12th century, Besalú extended as across the
185:
182:
688:
took the opportunity to augment his influence in the region.
399:
comprised the territories of Garrotxa and those neighbouring
383:
378:
115:
590:
times. Oliba received royal lands and rights in Besalú from
468:. Besalú, along with Barcelona and Girona were placed under
349:
622:
360:
545:, took over Besalú, even though it should have gone to
368:
917:
Ermengard of Narbonne and the World of the Troubadours
67:
coastline. It was roughly coterminous with the modern
532:
617:
517:. Wilfred later separated it and made his brother
1068:
81:, now in France. Its capital was the village of
537:Sometime between 913 and 920, Radulf died and
513:of Besalú by constructing a forward castle at
77:and at various times extended as far north as
1056:
1054:
1052:
735:(1259). The rest of Besalú was a part of the
676:died and Besalú was co-ruled by his brother,
614:in 971, Besalú was reattached to Cerdanya.
1049:
912:. University of Texas Press: Austin, 1965.
919:. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001.
568:The brothers, and their younger brothers
727:as forming his southern border with the
621:
521:its count and it became one of the last
359:
14:
1069:
765:
580:, though they often carried the title
43:
927:Atles del comtat de Besalú (785–988)
369:9th century: origins and development
634:and left Besalú — along with
192:
24:
929:. Barcelona: Rafael Dalmau, 1998.
533:10th century: attached to Cerdanya
25:
1098:
830:, 927–941, as regent for...
809:
686:Raymond Berengar III of Barcelona
707:. It encompassed the castles of
618:11th century: independent county
319:
294:
135:
1040:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1004:
995:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
762:to Cerdanya for compensation.
13:
1:
497:, Besalú was attached to the
381:by 785. It was originally a
56:) was one of the landlocked
7:
888:
756:Bernard William of Cerdanya
10:
1103:
900:
772:Sant Joan de les Abadesses
697:Sant Joan de les Abadesses
45:[kumˈtaddəβəzəˈlu]
737:Principality of Catalonia
606:by a precept of Louis's.
335:
273:
269:
259:
249:
245:
235:
231:
218:
205:
201:
191:
178:
168:
158:
148:
132:
127:
94:
943:
112:Comitatus Bisuldunensis
906:Lewis, Archibald Ross.
54:Comitatus Bisuldunensis
630:In 988, Oliba entered
627:
600:Sant Pere de Camprodon
509:and his kin began the
365:
261:• Disestablished
53:
36:
1010:Lewis, 198–199.
915:Cheyette, Fredric L.
776:Santa María de Ripoll
659:Counts of Carcassonne
625:
363:
159:Common languages
925:and Víctor Hurtado.
788:Sant Pau de Fenollet
701:Saint-Michel-de-Cuxa
493:During the reign of
895:Viscounty of Besalú
766:Bishopric of Besalú
315:County of Barcelona
251:• Established
87:County of Barcelona
1077:Medieval Catalonia
822:Miro I the Younger
739:within the Crown.
725:Louis IX of France
652:Pope Benedict VIII
648:Bernard Tallaferro
628:
551:Count of Barcelona
448:made it a part of
366:
939:
884:, 1100–1111
878:, 1066–1100
872:, 1052–1066
866:, 1020–1052
733:Treaty of Corbeil
604:Ermengol of Osona
543:Count of Cerdanya
507:Wilfred the Hairy
499:counties of Urgel
442:Ordinatio Imperii
358:
357:
331:
330:
327:
326:
307:
306:
240:Early Middle Ages
220:• 1100-1111
173:Roman Catholicism
102:Comtat de Besalú
16:(Redirected from
1094:
1082:Catalan nobility
1061:
1058:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1035:
1029:
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1002:
999:
993:
990:
984:
981:
975:
972:
966:
963:
957:
954:
930:
860:, 988–1020
824:, 912–927
667:Romanesque style
612:Bishop of Girona
539:Miro the Younger
527:Catalan counties
495:Charles the Bald
389:County of Girona
323:
322:
311:
310:
302:County of Girona
298:
297:
291:
290:
275:
274:
139:
119:
109:
96:County of Besalú
92:
91:
61:Catalan counties
47:
42:
37:Comtat de Besalú
29:County of Besalú
21:
1102:
1101:
1097:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1087:Lists of counts
1067:
1066:
1065:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1000:
996:
991:
987:
982:
978:
973:
969:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
903:
891:
854:, 984–988
848:, 965–984
846:Miro II Bonfill
842:, 957–965
836:, 927–957
818:, 878–912
812:
792:dioceses of Vic
768:
729:Crown of Aragon
620:
535:
446:Louis the Pious
435:Pla de l'Estany
395:. The original
393:Marca Hispanica
371:
354:
320:
295:
262:
252:
221:
208:
207:• 878-912
193:Count of Besalú
144:
141:
140:
123:
122:
113:
103:
97:
79:Corbières, Aude
40:
23:
22:
18:Count of Besalú
15:
12:
11:
5:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1063:
1062:
1048:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
976:
967:
958:
948:
947:
945:
942:
941:
940:
920:
913:
902:
899:
898:
897:
890:
887:
886:
885:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
811:
810:List of counts
808:
767:
764:
748:Diocese of Vic
619:
616:
534:
531:
511:encastellation
370:
367:
356:
355:
353:
352:
346:
339:
337:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
317:
308:
305:
304:
299:
287:
286:
281:
271:
270:
267:
266:
263:
260:
257:
256:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
237:
236:Historical era
233:
232:
229:
228:
222:
219:
216:
215:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
189:
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156:
155:
150:
146:
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142:
134:
133:
130:
129:
125:
124:
121:
120:
110:
99:
98:
95:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1099:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1060:Cheyette, 77.
1057:
1055:
1053:
1043:
1034:
1025:
1016:
1007:
998:
989:
980:
971:
962:
953:
949:
937:
936:84-232-0520-7
933:
928:
924:
921:
918:
914:
911:
910:
905:
904:
896:
893:
892:
883:
880:
877:
874:
871:
868:
865:
862:
859:
856:
853:
852:Oliba Cabreta
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
814:
813:
807:
803:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
763:
761:
757:
752:
749:
745:
740:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
680:and his son,
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
615:
613:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:
579:
575:
571:
570:Oliba Cabreta
566:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
530:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
491:
489:
485:
484:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
385:
380:
376:
362:
351:
347:
345:
341:
340:
338:
336:Today part of
334:
318:
316:
313:
312:
309:
303:
300:
293:
292:
289:
288:
285:
282:
280:
277:
276:
272:
268:
264:
258:
254:
248:
244:
241:
238:
234:
230:
226:
223:
217:
213:
210:
204:
200:
196:
194:
190:
187:
184:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
164:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
138:
131:
126:
117:
111:
107:
101:
100:
93:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
71:
66:
65:Mediterranean
62:
59:
55:
51:
46:
38:
34:
30:
19:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
1001:Lewis, 131.
997:
988:
979:
970:
961:
952:
926:
923:Bolòs, Jordi
916:
907:
834:Wilfred (II)
804:
769:
753:
741:
690:
671:
656:
644:Peyrepertuse
640:Fenouillèdes
632:Montecassino
629:
608:
581:
578:French crown
574:Miro Bonfill
567:
536:
525:independent
522:
492:
481:
441:
439:
408:
396:
382:
372:
284:Succeeded by
283:
278:
68:
28:
26:
1046:Lewis, 373.
1037:Lewis, 292.
1028:Lewis, 349.
1019:Lewis, 186.
992:Lewis, 112.
882:Bernard III
682:Bernard III
646:— to
588:Carolingian
559:Sunifred II
515:Castellaris
427:Alt Empordà
375:reconquered
373:Besalú was
279:Preceded by
225:Bernard III
163:Old Catalan
1071:Categories
983:Lewis, 73.
974:Lewis, 48.
965:Lewis, 44.
956:Lewis, 40.
876:Bernard II
870:William II
760:Castellnou
678:Bernard II
674:William II
663:engravings
563:Wilfred II
505:. In 871,
483:aprisiones
470:Count Bera
454:Roussillon
417:as far as
179:Government
864:William I
858:Bernard I
784:Camprodón
672:In 1066,
636:Vallespir
547:Sunyer II
462:Barcelona
450:Aquitaine
401:Montgrony
377:from the
348:Reached:
169:Religion
63:near the
889:See also
840:Sunifred
746:and the
717:Queribus
709:Tautavel
705:Lagrasse
693:Pyrenees
596:Louis IV
523:de facto
503:Cerdanya
474:Visigoth
466:Empúries
444:of 817,
431:Banyoles
423:Figueres
419:Agullana
415:Ripollès
405:Setcases
344:Garrotxa
128:878–1111
75:Garrotxa
58:medieval
901:Sources
780:Bañolas
731:by the
721:Aguilar
713:Vingrau
592:Rudolph
583:marchio
488:Gascons
478:Pallars
440:In the
410:comarca
407:in the
391:in the
387:of the
214:(first)
149:Capital
106:Catalan
70:comarca
33:Catalan
934:
816:Radulf
798:, and
796:Girona
786:, and
744:Ausona
703:, and
642:, and
555:Girona
519:Radulf
464:, and
458:Girona
429:) and
342:Core:
227:(last)
212:Radulf
197:
186:County
183:Feudal
153:Besalú
83:Besalú
944:Notes
397:pagus
384:pagus
379:Moors
116:Latin
50:Latin
932:ISBN
800:Elne
572:and
561:and
553:and
501:and
472:, a
425:(in
421:and
403:and
350:Aude
265:1111
143:Flag
41:IPA:
27:The
828:Ava
433:in
413:of
255:878
73:of
1073::
1051:^
794:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
719:,
715:,
711:,
699:,
669:.
638:,
549:,
541:,
529:.
490:.
460:,
456:,
437:.
89:.
52::
48:;
39:,
35::
938:.
118:)
114:(
108:)
104:(
31:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
