465:
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38:
454:
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750:'s proclamation as emperor in opposition to Magnentius, and Julian's report that the usurper had to murder several of Constans' generals to take control of the Gallic army – she concluded that Magnentius' revolt was "the result of a private grudge on the part of an apprehensive official and not the outcome of widespread discontent among the military or the wider population." This view is supported by Peter Crawford, who considered the explanation from the ancient sources to be a misconception caused by the rapid success of the coup.
757:, Constantius' official Philippus emphasized Constantine, rather than Constans, when addressing Magnentius’ troops. On speculating the basis for Constans' overthrow, she suggested that one reason may have been regarding financial difficulties in Gaul by the end of his reign, which could have been related to the finance officer Marcellinus' support of him. After Magnentius took power, he levied taxes, sold imperial estates in Gaul and debased the coinage. Nicholas Baker-Brian also observed how Magnentius sent his brother
667:
573:
4278:
549:, an event celebrated enough for Libanius to dedicate several sections of his panegyric to explaining it. Although the reasons for the visit remain unclear, the ancient writers were primarily interested in Constans’ precarious journey to the province, rather than his actions within it. One theory considers it to have involved the northern frontier, based on Ammianus’ remark that he had discussed the
502:
Meanwhile, Constans came into conflict with his eldest brother
Constantine II over the latter's presumed authority over Constans’ territory. After attempting to issue legislation to Africa in 339, which was part of Constans’ realm, Constantine led his army into an invasion of Italy only a year later.
738:
Regarding possible motives for
Constans' overthrow, ancient sources assert that he was widely unpopular, and attribute his downfall to his own failings. Along with the accusation of corruption, he is also accused of neglecting portions of the empire and treating his soldiers with contempt. Ammianus
636:
in 343 to settle the conflict, it was a complete failure, and by 345 Constans was outright threatening civil war against his brother. Eventually, Constantius agreed to allow
Athanasius to return to his position, as the bishop's replacement had recently died. Constans also used the military to
620:
Constans issued an edict banning superstition and pagan sacrifices in 341, his justification being that he was following the precedent set by his father. Only a short while later though, he tried to moderate his stance by legislating against the destruction of temple buildings.
561:(master of the offices) Flavius Eugenius, who remained in his position throughout most of the 340s. Despite Eugenius being alleged to have misused his power to seize property, the emperor continued to support him, his trust going as far as to honor him with a statue in the
657:
towards young barbarian hostages, though Hunt remarked that "the allegation that he kept a coterie of captive barbarians to gratify his homosexual tastes sounds more like hostile folklore." Constans' legislation against homosexuality has been cited to dispute the rumor.
746:, "The detail that Constans was in the habit of making journeys with only a small escort may account for his vulnerability in 350." Based on several factors - the small number of people behind the plot, how the setting for Magnentius' coup was not a military centre,
553:
in his now-lost coverage of
Constans’ reign. Additionally, after recording attacks “near the frontiers” in 360, the historian wrote that the Alamanni were too much of a threat for Julian to confront the problem, in contrast to what Constans was able to do.
464:
533:
wrote that he “had performed many gallant actions in the field, and had made himself feared by the army through the whole course of his life, though without exercising any extraordinary severity,” while
761:
to defend the region after
Constans had neglected it, writing that, "it is apparent that among the reasons for Magnentius' rebellion was a desire to remedy Constans' governmental failings in Gaul."
3157:
While it has sometimes been assumed that
Constans had to flee for his life, Harries has disputed this, believing that the location of Constans' death indicates he was unaware of the revolt.
4434:
649:
Unlike
Constantius, Constans was targeted with gossip over his personal life. Numerous sources suspected him of homosexuality, presumably based on the fact that he never married.
389:. Magnentius overthrew and killed Constans. Surviving sources, possibly influenced by the propaganda of Magnentius's faction, accuse Constans of misrule and of homosexuality.
4418:
798:
3244:
4422:
4388:
4176:
3177:
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and divided the Roman empire among themselves on 9 September 337. Constans was left with Italy, Africa and
Illyricum. In 338, he campaigned against the
342:, who in turn eulogized Constans as "the most pious Augustus... of blessed and everlasting memory." In the following years he campaigned against the
791:
703:, who had previously served as the praetorian prefect of Gaul. At the time, Constans was distracted by a hunting trip. As he was trying to reach
3138:
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739:
lamented the emperor's failure to listen to wise counsel, referencing one man he believed could have saved
Constans from his own faults.
3328:
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784:
401:, observing numismatic evidence, considered the younger age to be more likely. He was the third and youngest son of Constantine I and
557:
Constans was accused of employing corrupt ministers during his reign, due to his purported personal greed. One example included the
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506:
5019:
5878:
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at his birth had said
Constans would die "in the arms of his grandmother". His place of death happens to have been named after
312:
in a campaign shortly afterwards. Quarrels over the sharing of power led to a civil war with his eldest brother and co-emperor
753:
Harries does, however, acknowledge how the Gallic army accepted Magnentius seemingly without difficulty, and how according to
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Italics indicates a junior co-emperor, underlining indicates an emperor variously regarded as either legitimate or a usurper
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5888:
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1295:
397:
Sources variously report Constans’ age at the time of his death as 27 or 30, meaning he was born in either 320 or 323.
301:
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However, he was ambushed and killed by Constans’ troops, and Constans then took control of his brother's territories.
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where, after an initial setback, the military operation concluded with a victory and a favorable peace treaty.
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Woudhuysen, George (2018). "Uncovering Constans' Image". In Alan J. Ross; Diederik W. P. Burgersdijk (eds.).
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20:
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Constans began his reign in an energetic fashion. From 341 to 342, he led a campaign against the
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brought him into conflict with his brother Constantius. Although the two emperors called the
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alongside his brothers in September 337. Constans was given the administration of the
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However, some modern scholars have questioned this portrayal. According to historian
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and his own grandmother, thus realizing the prophecy. Constans' name would later be
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Age of Spirituality: Late Antique and Early Christian Art, Third to Seventh Century
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316:, who invaded Italy in 340 and was killed in battle by Constans's forces near
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Athanasius and Constantius: theology and politics in the Constantinian empire
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82:
52:
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in Africa, where the church was split between Donatists and Catholics.
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309:
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719:, where he was killed after seeking sanctuary in a temple. An alleged
707:, supporters of Magnentius cornered him in a fortification in Helena (
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was the only person the Alamanni feared after the death of Constans.
2158:
Emperors are shown with a rounded-corner border with their dates as
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Political Memory and the Constantinian Dynasty: Fashioning Disgrace
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324:. Thereafter there were tensions with his remaining brother and co-
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The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire Volume 1: A.D. 260–395
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424:
On 25 December 333, Constans was elevated to the imperial rank of
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The Cambridge Ancient History XIII: The Late Empire, A.D. 337–425
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http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk, LSA-336 (J. Lenaghan)
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http://laststatues.classics.ox.ac.uk, LSA-563 (J. Lenaghan)
708:
566:
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691:) with the support of a number of court officials such as
481:
After Constantine's death, Constans and his two brothers,
457:
Possible head of Constans from around his proclamation as
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Hunt, David (1998). "The successors of Constantine". In
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by his father. Prior to 337, Constans became engaged to
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3723:
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2162:, names with a thicker border appear in both sections
4103:
Constantius II: Usurpers, Eunuchs, and the Antichrist
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735:in places that recognized Magnentius as emperor.
206:Imperator Caesar Flavius Julius Constans Augustus
5855:
3327:Tougher, Shaun (2018), Nicholson, Oliver (ed.),
42:Possible head of Constans set in a modern bust (
3523:
273:from 337 to 350. He held the imperial rank of
4488:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
792:
4252:Imagining Emperors in the Later Roman Empire
4029:The New Empire of Diocletian and Constantine
510:Gold medallion of Constans, equivalent to 9
4149:Imperial Rome AD 284 to 363: The New Empire
4061:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4032:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
4001:
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587:on the obverse, with the emperor holding a
445:, although the two never actually married.
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3139:Itineraries of the Roman emperors, 337–361
2166:1: Constantine's parents and half-siblings
807:CONSTANTINIAN DYNASTY detailed family tree
799:
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687:declared himself emperor at Augustodunum (
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350:, the last legitimate emperor to do so.
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3333:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
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3288:Athanasius (2018), Atkinson, M. (ed.),
3250:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
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545:In the early months of 343, he visited
383:) with the support of Marcellinus, the
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3400:Michael DiMaio Jr. and Robert Frakes,
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286:After his father's death, he was made
279:from 333, and was the youngest son of
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4234:. Springer International Publishing.
3294:, Christian Literature Publishing Co.
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338:), including over the exiled bishop
5919:People executed by the Roman Empire
4085:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
13:
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582:
14:
5940:
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405:. According to the works of both
4276:
3123:
4082:The Roman Government of Britain
3427:
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3151:
683:On 18 January 350, the general
421:, who instructed him in Latin.
417:under the tutelage of the poet
359:
333:
320:. Constans gained from him the
4213:. Cambridge University Press.
4181:. Cambridge University Press.
4152:. Edinburgh University Press.
4055:Barnes, Timothy David (1993).
4002:Baker-Brian, Nicholas (2022).
3780:Jones, Martindale & Morris
3619:Jones, Martindale & Morris
3247:, in Nicholson, Oliver (ed.),
3216:Jones, Martindale & Morris
3187:
3171:
764:
653:charged Constans with “rabid”
1:
5879:4th-century murdered monarchs
4038:10.4159/harvard.9780674280670
3164:
392:
322:praetorian prefecture of Gaul
262:
16:Roman emperor from 337 to 350
4379:L. Aradius Valerius Proculus
3534:Historiae Romanae Breviarium
7:
4255:. Brill. pp. 158–182.
4228:Usherwood, Rebecca (2022).
4005:The Reign of Constantius II
3335:, Oxford University Press,
3253:, Oxford University Press,
3178:"L'empereru Constant Ier?".
3116:
615:
10:
5945:
5889:4th-century Roman emperors
5768:Constantine XI Palaiologos
5719:Andronikos III Palaiologos
5606:Nikephoros III Botaneiates
3990:Breviarium ab urbe condita
3951:
3421:Metropolitan Museum of Art
768:
18:
5884:4th-century Roman consuls
5844:
5776:
5741:Andronikos IV Palaiologos
5709:Andronikos II Palaiologos
5534:Constantine IX Monomachos
5222:
5119:
5002:
4829:
4667:
4515:
4457:
4439:
4429:
4415:
4397:
4385:
4371:
4354:
4344:
4339:
4325:
4304:
4296:
4291:
4127:Constans I (337–350 A.D.)
3402:Constans I (337–350 A.D.)
3106:
3097:
3073:
3071:
3053:
3031:
3008:
2989:
2987:
2979:
2977:
2955:
2953:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2928:
2914:
2912:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2867:
2861:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2823:
2819:
2811:
2809:
2784:
2768:
2757:2: Constantine's children
2749:
2747:
2745:
2721:
2698:
2691:
2680:
2678:
2654:
2652:
2644:
2642:
2626:
2624:
2601:
2580:
2573:
2558:
2556:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2526:
2518:
2516:
2500:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2468:
2455:
2450:
2448:
2432:
2420:
2418:
2383:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2331:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2287:
2285:
2260:Flavia Maximiana Theodora
2256:
2240:
2223:
2221:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2118:
2100:
2098:
2096:
2033:
2031:
2023:
2021:
2009:
2007:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1889:
1878:
1876:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1813:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1787:
1785:
1761:
1759:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1713:
1711:
1697:
1611:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1493:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1409:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1300:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1210:
1208:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1106:
1104:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1062:
1060:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
987:
985:
983:
981:
979:
977:
975:
973:
965:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
929:
913:
911:
873:
871:
860:
853:
246:
236:
226:
214:
205:
198:
193:
188:
184:
168:
160:
156:
141:
102:
88:
78:
64:
51:
35:
30:
21:Constans (disambiguation)
5704:Michael VIII Palaiologos
4137:De Imperatoribus Romanis
4100:Crawford, Peter (2016).
4008:. Taylor & Francis.
3413:Weitzmann, Kurt (1979).
3144:
733:erased from inscriptions
661:
630:Athanasius of Alexandria
609:the hope of the Republic
603:on the reverse, marked:
448:
419:Aemilius Magnus Arborius
346:, and in 343 he visited
340:Athanasius of Alexandria
265:323 – 350), also called
5914:Murdered Roman emperors
5559:Eudokia Makrembolitissa
5193:Tiberius II Constantine
3291:Apologia ad Constantium
3243:Tougher, Shaun (2018),
3131:Byzantine Empire portal
2429:Flavia Julia Constantia
364:) the commander of the
259:Flavius Julius Constans
194:Flavius Julius Constans
5924:Sons of Roman emperors
5874:4th-century Christians
5714:Michael IX Palaiologos
850:Afranius Hannibalianus
697:comes rerum privatarum
680:
612:
522:
478:
461:
438:, the daughter of the
366:Jovians and Herculians
294:praetorian prefectures
5899:Constantinian dynasty
5894:Constantine the Great
5808:Thessalonian emperors
5802:Trapezuntine emperors
5763:John VIII Palaiologos
5758:Manuel II Palaiologos
5729:John VI Kantakouzenos
5645:Andronikos I Komnenos
5482:Constantine Lekapenos
4510:and empresses regnant
4024:Barnes, Timothy David
3980:Epitome de Caesaribus
1899:VALENTINIANIC DYNASTY
771:Constantinian dynasty
669:
645:Alleged homosexuality
624:Constans’ support of
575:
509:
467:
456:
413:, he was educated at
281:Constantine the Great
172:January 350 (aged 27)
5746:John VII Palaiologos
5694:Theodore II Laskaris
5554:Constantine X Doukas
5494:Nikephoros II Phokas
4452:Constantius Augustus
4410:Constantius Augustus
4389:Antonius Marcellinus
4366:Constantius Augustus
4285:at Wikimedia Commons
3770:, pp. 167, 179.
579:of Constans marked:
536:Ammianus Marcellinus
473:of Constans marked:
19:For other uses, see
5677:Theodore I Laskaris
5662:Alexios III Angelos
5640:Alexios II Komnenos
5564:Romanos IV Diogenes
5519:Romanos III Argyros
5465:Romanos I Lekapenos
4375:Septimius Acindynus
3944:, pp. 260–262.
3884:, pp. 194–195.
3869:, pp. 196–197.
3821:, pp. 195–196.
3372:, pp. 179–180.
2247:Constantius Chlorus
2197:fabricated ancestry
2152:Family of Constans
1658:Constantine II
1642:Constantius II
559:magister officiorum
251:Nicene Christianity
5796:Britannic emperors
5790:Palmyrene emperors
5724:John V Palaiologos
5667:Alexios IV Angelos
5616:Constantine Doukas
5611:Alexios I Komnenos
5599:Constantine Doukas
5582:Michael VII Doukas
5544:Michael VI Bringas
5110:Romulus Augustulus
4733:Trebonianus Gallus
4726:Herennius Etruscus
4508:Byzantine emperors
4435:M. Nummius Albinus
4419:M. Furius Placidus
4393:Petronius Probinus
4340:Political offices
2948:Constantius Gallus
2702:Constantius Gallus
2577:Julius Constantius
2128:THEODOSIAN DYNASTY
1893:Valentinian I
1634:Constantius Gallus
1596:Constantius Gallus
1345:Constantine I
1304:Julius Constantius
1067:Constantius I
681:
634:Council of Serdica
613:
523:
479:
462:
440:praetorian prefect
386:comes rei privatae
308:. He defeated the
149:25 December 333 –
72:9 September 337 –
5929:Damnatio memoriae
5851:
5850:
5689:John III Vatatzes
5635:Manuel I Komnenos
5374:Michael I Rangabe
5218:
5217:
5060:Petronius Maximus
4659:Severus Alexander
4627:Septimius Severus
4471:
4470:
4461:Vulcacius Rufinus
4458:Succeeded by
4416:Succeeded by
4372:Succeeded by
4326:Succeeded by
4281:Media related to
4262:978-9-0043-7092-0
4241:978-3-0308-7930-3
4159:978-0-7486-2052-4
4120:DiMaio, Michael;
4113:978-1-78340-055-3
4106:. Pen and Sword.
4092:978-0-1992-5237-4
4015:978-1-0006-1991-1
3996:Secondary sources
3423:. pp. 22–23.
3350:978-0-19-866277-8
3268:978-0-19-866277-8
3114:
3113:
3110:
3109:
2753:
2752:
2604:Virius Nepotianus
2415:Flavius Dalmatius
2189:Claudius Gothicus
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2122:Theodosius I
1286:Flavius Dalmatius
711:) in the eastern
605:spes rei publicae
475:constans augustus
379:at Augustodunum (
368:, a corps in the
256:
255:
210:
209:
5936:
5699:John IV Laskaris
5672:Alexios V Doukas
5657:Isaac II Angelos
5623:John II Komnenos
5549:Isaac I Komnenos
5509:Constantine VIII
5499:John I Tzimiskes
5226:Byzantine Empire
5000:
4999:
4497:
4490:
4483:
4474:
4473:
4430:Preceded by
4386:Preceded by
4345:Preceded by
4297:Preceded by
4289:
4288:
4280:
4266:
4245:
4224:
4192:
4163:
4117:
4096:
4072:
4051:
4019:
3945:
3942:Baker-Brian 2022
3939:
3933:
3927:
3921:
3915:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3891:
3885:
3879:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3855:Baker-Brian 2022
3852:
3846:
3840:
3834:
3831:Baker-Brian 2022
3828:
3822:
3816:
3810:
3804:
3798:
3792:
3783:
3777:
3771:
3765:
3759:
3753:
3736:
3730:
3721:
3715:
3709:
3703:
3694:
3688:
3682:
3676:
3670:
3664:
3658:
3652:
3646:
3640:
3634:
3628:
3622:
3616:
3607:
3601:
3590:
3584:
3571:
3565:
3552:
3546:
3537:
3527:
3521:
3515:
3502:
3496:
3490:
3484:
3478:
3472:
3463:
3457:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3424:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3367:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3324:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3285:
3279:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3240:
3219:
3213:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3175:
3158:
3155:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3126:
2761:
2760:
2170:
2169:
2149:
2148:
814:
813:
801:
794:
787:
778:
777:
715:of southwestern
679:issue of 347/348
626:Nicene orthodoxy
606:
586:
584:
489:were proclaimed
476:
363:
361:
353:In January 350,
337:
335:
264:
186:
185:
152:
40:
28:
27:
5944:
5943:
5939:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5934:
5933:
5854:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5840:
5784:Gallic emperors
5772:
5460:Constantine VII
5241:Constantine III
5228:
5225:
5214:
5123:
5115:
5054:Valentinian III
5042:Constantius III
5036:Priscus Attalus
5020:Constantine III
5006:
4998:
4888:Valerius Valens
4833:
4825:
4671:
4663:
4622:Didius Julianus
4602:Marcus Aurelius
4519:
4511:
4501:
4467:
4463:
4448:
4446:
4437:
4433:
4425:
4421:
4406:
4404:
4395:
4391:
4381:
4377:
4362:
4360:
4352:
4348:
4335:
4331:
4318:
4312:
4311:337–350
4310:
4302:
4273:
4263:
4242:
4221:
4201:J.R. Martindale
4189:
4160:
4114:
4093:
4077:Birley, Anthony
4069:
4048:
4016:
3998:
3975:Aurelius Victor
3959:
3957:Primary sources
3954:
3949:
3948:
3940:
3936:
3928:
3924:
3916:
3912:
3904:
3900:
3892:
3888:
3880:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3841:
3837:
3829:
3825:
3817:
3813:
3805:
3801:
3793:
3786:
3778:
3774:
3768:Woudhuysen 2018
3766:
3762:
3754:
3739:
3731:
3724:
3716:
3712:
3704:
3697:
3689:
3685:
3677:
3673:
3667:Woudhuysen 2018
3665:
3661:
3653:
3649:
3643:Woudhuysen 2018
3641:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3617:
3610:
3604:Woudhuysen 2018
3602:
3593:
3585:
3574:
3566:
3555:
3547:
3540:
3528:
3524:
3516:
3505:
3499:Woudhuysen 2018
3497:
3493:
3485:
3481:
3473:
3466:
3458:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3432:
3428:
3411:
3407:
3399:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3370:Woudhuysen 2018
3368:
3364:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3325:
3318:
3310:
3306:
3297:
3295:
3286:
3282:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3241:
3222:
3214:
3199:
3192:
3188:
3176:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3129:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3095:
3045:
3022:
2926:
2910:
2782:
2755:
2719:
2446:
2409:
2254:
2201:
2126:
2125:Eastern emperor
2124:
2108:
2107:Western emperor
2106:
2093:
1897:
1896:Western emperor
1895:
1825:
1692:
1683:
1676:
1675:Western emperor
1674:
1663:
1662:Western emperor
1661:
1647:
1645:
1631:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1581:
1349:
1329:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1288:
1280:250-308-324-325
1279:
1274:
1272:
1100:Western emperor
1099:
1090:
1073:
1072:Western emperor
1071:
867:Western emperor
866:
808:
805:
775:
773:
767:
701:Fabius Titianus
664:
651:Aurelius Victor
647:
628:and the bishop
618:
604:
599:and crowned by
580:
563:Forum of Trajan
474:
451:
395:
358:
332:
177:, southwestern
173:
151:9 September 337
150:
137:
73:
60:
47:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5942:
5932:
5931:
5926:
5921:
5916:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5849:
5848:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5799:
5793:
5787:
5780:
5778:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5743:
5738:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5674:
5669:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5620:
5608:
5603:
5579:
5561:
5556:
5551:
5546:
5541:
5539:Theodora (III)
5536:
5531:
5526:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5435:
5430:
5418:
5406:
5401:
5389:
5371:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5354:Constantine VI
5351:
5346:
5330:
5325:
5320:
5318:Theodosius III
5315:
5310:
5305:
5293:
5288:
5283:
5278:
5263:Constantine IV
5260:
5255:
5243:
5238:
5232:
5230:
5220:
5219:
5216:
5215:
5213:
5212:
5207:
5195:
5190:
5185:
5180:
5175:
5170:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5127:
5125:
5121:Eastern Empire
5117:
5116:
5114:
5113:
5106:
5101:
5094:
5087:
5082:
5075:
5070:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5044:
5039:
5032:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5004:Western Empire
4997:
4996:
4989:
4977:Magnus Maximus
4973:
4971:Valentinian II
4968:
4963:
4958:
4951:
4946:
4941:
4936:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4905:
4903:Constantius II
4900:
4898:Constantine II
4895:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4837:
4835:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4766:
4761:
4753:
4748:
4730:
4718:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4651:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4597:Antoninus Pius
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4521:
4520:27 BC – AD 235
4513:
4512:
4500:
4499:
4492:
4485:
4477:
4469:
4468:
4459:
4456:
4438:
4431:
4427:
4426:
4417:
4414:
4396:
4387:
4383:
4382:
4373:
4370:
4353:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4337:
4336:
4327:
4324:
4321:Constantine II
4316:Constantius II
4303:
4298:
4294:
4293:
4292:Regnal titles
4287:
4286:
4272:
4271:External links
4269:
4268:
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4169:Averil Cameron
4164:
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4122:Frakes, Robert
4118:
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3993:
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3983:
3972:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3947:
3946:
3934:
3932:, p. 194.
3922:
3920:, p. 222.
3910:
3898:
3896:, p. 196.
3886:
3871:
3859:
3857:, p. 163.
3847:
3845:, p. 236.
3843:Usherwood 2022
3835:
3833:, p. 208.
3823:
3811:
3799:
3797:, p. 195.
3784:
3782:, p. 532.
3772:
3760:
3737:
3722:
3710:
3695:
3683:
3671:
3669:, p. 166.
3659:
3647:
3645:, p. 165.
3635:
3623:
3621:, p. 292.
3608:
3606:, p. 160.
3591:
3589:, p. 190.
3572:
3570:, p. 101.
3553:
3551:, p. 415.
3538:
3522:
3503:
3501:, p. 175.
3491:
3489:, p. 269.
3479:
3464:
3449:
3437:
3426:
3405:
3386:
3374:
3362:
3349:
3316:
3314:, p. 221.
3304:
3280:
3267:
3220:
3218:, p. 220.
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1199:
1197:
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1111:
1109:
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1094:
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1036:
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1022:
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1018:
1016:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
980:
978:
976:
974:
972:
969:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
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948:
946:
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938:
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932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
884:
882:
880:
878:
875:
874:
872:
869:
868:
861:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
843:
841:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
829:
827:
825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
810:
809:
806:
804:
803:
796:
789:
781:
766:
763:
663:
660:
646:
643:
617:
614:
538:remarked that
487:Constantius II
483:Constantine II
450:
447:
432:Constantinople
415:Constantinople
399:Timothy Barnes
394:
391:
362: 350–353
336: 337–361
329:Constantius II
314:Constantine II
254:
253:
248:
244:
243:
238:
234:
233:
228:
224:
223:
218:
212:
211:
208:
207:
203:
202:
196:
195:
191:
190:
182:
181:
170:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
154:
153:
147:
139:
138:
136:
135:
128:Constantius II
125:
110:Constantine II
106:
104:
100:
99:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
62:
61:
55:
49:
48:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5941:
5930:
5927:
5925:
5922:
5920:
5917:
5915:
5912:
5910:
5907:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5859:
5843:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5809:
5806:
5803:
5800:
5797:
5794:
5791:
5788:
5785:
5782:
5781:
5779:
5775:
5769:
5766:
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5761:
5759:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5747:
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5739:
5736:
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5707:
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5675:
5673:
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5668:
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5660:
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5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5624:
5621:
5618:
5617:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5550:
5547:
5545:
5542:
5540:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5421:Theodora (II)
5419:
5416:
5415:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5399:
5398:
5393:
5390:
5387:
5386:
5381:
5380:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5355:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5329:
5328:Constantine V
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5313:Anastasius II
5311:
5309:
5306:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5294:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5253:
5252:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5227:
5221:
5211:
5208:
5205:
5204:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5136:Theodosius II
5134:
5132:
5129:
5128:
5126:
5122:
5118:
5112:
5111:
5107:
5105:
5102:
5100:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5068:
5064:
5062:
5061:
5057:
5055:
5052:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5037:
5033:
5030:
5029:
5028:
5022:
5021:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5001:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4987:
4986:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4957:
4956:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4945:
4944:Valentinian I
4942:
4940:
4937:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4929:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4918:
4916:
4915:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4896:
4894:
4891:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4873:
4869:
4867:
4866:Constantine I
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:Constantius I
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4828:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4782:
4779:
4776:
4775:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4731:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4670:
4666:
4660:
4657:
4655:
4652:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4518:
4514:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4493:
4491:
4486:
4484:
4479:
4478:
4475:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4443:
4436:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4413:
4411:
4403:
4401:
4394:
4390:
4384:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4367:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4343:
4338:
4334:
4330:
4323:
4322:
4317:
4309:
4308:
4307:Roman emperor
4301:
4300:Constantine I
4295:
4290:
4284:
4279:
4275:
4274:
4264:
4258:
4254:
4253:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4222:
4220:0-521-07233-6
4216:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4198:
4197:Jones, A.H.M.
4194:
4190:
4188:0-521-30200-5
4184:
4180:
4179:
4174:
4173:Peter Garnsey
4170:
4165:
4161:
4155:
4151:
4150:
4145:
4144:Harries, Jill
4141:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4088:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4068:0-674-05067-3
4064:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4047:0-674-28066-0
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4011:
4007:
4006:
4000:
3999:
3991:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3981:
3976:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:Historia Nova
3964:
3961:
3960:
3943:
3938:
3931:
3926:
3919:
3914:
3908:, p. 72.
3907:
3906:Crawford 2016
3902:
3895:
3890:
3883:
3878:
3876:
3868:
3863:
3856:
3851:
3844:
3839:
3832:
3827:
3820:
3815:
3809:, p. 11.
3808:
3803:
3796:
3791:
3789:
3781:
3776:
3769:
3764:
3758:, p. 10.
3757:
3752:
3750:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3735:, p. 71.
3734:
3733:Crawford 2016
3729:
3727:
3720:, p. 24.
3719:
3718:Crawford 2016
3714:
3707:
3702:
3700:
3693:, p. 89.
3692:
3687:
3680:
3675:
3668:
3663:
3656:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3633:, p. 66.
3632:
3631:Crawford 2016
3627:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3605:
3600:
3598:
3596:
3588:
3583:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3569:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3550:
3545:
3543:
3535:
3531:
3526:
3519:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3500:
3495:
3488:
3483:
3477:, p. 67.
3476:
3475:Crawford 2016
3471:
3469:
3461:
3456:
3454:
3446:
3441:
3435:
3430:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3409:
3403:
3397:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3384:, p. 45.
3383:
3378:
3371:
3366:
3352:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3323:
3321:
3313:
3308:
3293:
3292:
3284:
3270:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3246:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3202:
3195:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3174:
3170:
3154:
3150:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3121:
3105:
3102:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3029:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3012:
3006:
2994:
2992:
2958:
2952:
2949:
2942:
2935:
2934:Hannibalianus
2922:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2894:
2886:
2883:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2852:
2845:
2821:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2792:
2789:
2778:
2776:
2775:Constantine I
2773:
2772:
2766:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2744:
2741:
2726:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2688:Hannibalianus
2685:
2683:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2592:
2585:
2578:
2571:
2553:
2550:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2492:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2430:
2423:Hannibalianus
2416:
2405:
2403:
2402:Constantine I
2400:
2399:
2388:
2385:
2381:
2379:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2345:
2344:
2329:
2297:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2244:
2238:
2230:
2228:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2163:
2161:
2156:
2155:
2151:
2150:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2116:
2105:
2092:
2040:
2038:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1912:
1907:
1900:
1894:
1887:
1886:Marina Severa
1866:
1834:
1832:
1824:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1792:
1745:
1723:
1721:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1673:
1672:
1660:
1659:
1651:
1644:
1643:
1635:
1630:
1629:Hannibalianus
1625:
1616:
1607:
1606:
1597:
1589:
1588:Hannibalianus
1580:
1576:
1573:
1565:
1563:
1555:
1553:
1545:
1543:
1535:
1533:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1481:
1465:
1463:
1439:
1437:
1427:
1419:
1417:
1407:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1377:
1375:
1368:
1365:
1348:
1346:
1328:
1316:
1305:
1297:
1287:
1278:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1256:
1254:
1246:
1244:
1228:
1226:
1218:
1216:
1215:
1180:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1128:
1126:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1070:
1068:
1042:
1006:
1003:
971:
970:
963:
931:
876:
870:
865:
858:
851:
815:
812:
811:
802:
797:
795:
790:
788:
783:
782:
780:
779:
776:
772:
762:
760:
756:
751:
749:
745:
740:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
699:, as well as
698:
694:
690:
686:
678:
677:
673:of Constans,
672:
668:
659:
656:
652:
642:
640:
635:
631:
627:
622:
610:
602:
598:
597:
592:
591:
578:
574:
570:
568:
564:
560:
555:
552:
548:
543:
541:
537:
532:
528:
521:
517:
513:
508:
504:
500:
498:
494:
493:
488:
484:
472:
471:
466:
460:
455:
446:
444:
441:
437:
433:
429:
428:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
390:
388:
387:
382:
378:
375:
371:
367:
356:
351:
349:
348:Roman Britain
345:
341:
330:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:
284:
282:
278:
277:
272:
271:Roman emperor
268:
260:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
231:Constantine I
229:
225:
222:
221:Constantinian
219:
217:
213:
204:
201:
197:
192:
187:
183:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
148:
146:
145:
140:
133:
129:
126:
123:
119:
115:
111:
108:
107:
105:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
83:Constantine I
81:
77:
71:
69:
68:
63:
59:
54:
53:Roman emperor
50:
45:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5751:Andronikos V
5749:
5732:
5680:
5648:
5626:
5614:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5573:
5567:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5441:
5424:
5412:
5395:
5383:
5377:
5364:Nikephoros I
5339:
5338:
5332:
5299:
5296:Justinian II
5291:Tiberius III
5281:Justinian II
5272:
5266:
5249:
5201:
5173:Anastasius I
5164:
5108:
5104:Julius Nepos
5096:
5089:
5077:
5065:
5058:
5046:
5034:
5025:
5024:
5018:
4991:
4982:
4981:
4975:
4966:Theodosius I
4953:
4926:
4919:
4912:
4907:
4883:Maximinus II
4870:
4772:
4755:
4742:
4736:
4724:
4712:
4645:
4607:Lucius Verus
4450:
4442:Roman consul
4440:
4408:
4400:Roman consul
4398:
4364:
4357:Roman consul
4355:
4314:
4305:
4251:
4230:
4209:
4177:
4148:
4135:
4126:
4102:
4081:
4057:
4028:
4004:
3989:
3978:
3967:
3937:
3930:Harries 2012
3925:
3918:Harries 2012
3913:
3901:
3894:Harries 2012
3889:
3882:Harries 2012
3867:Harries 2012
3862:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3819:Harries 2012
3814:
3802:
3795:Harries 2012
3775:
3763:
3713:
3708:, p. 9.
3686:
3681:, p. 8.
3674:
3662:
3657:, p. 7.
3650:
3638:
3626:
3587:Harries 2012
3533:
3525:
3520:, p. 6.
3494:
3482:
3462:, p. 5.
3447:, p. 4.
3440:
3429:
3415:
3408:
3377:
3365:
3354:, retrieved
3332:
3329:"Magnentius"
3312:Harries 2012
3307:
3296:, retrieved
3290:
3283:
3272:, retrieved
3249:
3245:"Constans I"
3189:
3180:
3173:
3153:
2774:
2756:
2754:
2401:
2196:
2165:
2164:
2157:
1820:
1669:
1656:
1640:
1603:
1343:
1309:∞ 2.Basilina
1065:
774:
752:
744:Jill Harries
741:
737:
727:, mother of
695:, Constans'
682:
674:
670:
648:
623:
619:
608:
594:
588:
576:
558:
556:
544:
524:
501:
490:
480:
468:
458:
425:
423:
396:
384:
376:
352:
325:
287:
285:
274:
266:
258:
257:
175:Vicus Helena
143:
66:
25:
5864:320s births
5810:(1224–1242)
5804:(1204–1461)
5593:Konstantios
5470:Christopher
5443:Constantine
5433:Michael III
5414:Constantine
5397:Constantine
5379:Theophylact
5308:Philippicus
5258:Constans II
5183:Justinian I
5079:Severus III
5027:Constans II
4781:Claudius II
4757:Silbannacus
4704:Gordian III
4679:Maximinus I
4647:Diadumenian
4447:346
4405:342
4361:339
3691:Barnes 1993
3568:Barnes 1993
3549:Birley 2005
3487:Barnes 1993
3382:Barnes 1982
3298:24 November
2941:Constantina
2695:Constantina
2591:Licinius II
2109:359-367-383
1826:331-363-364
1677:320-337-350
1664:316-337-340
1646:317-337-361
1624:Constantina
1609:331-360-363
1350:272-306-337
1074:250-305-306
765:Family tree
729:Constantine
693:Marcellinus
520:Bode Museum
518:, 342 AD –
200:Regnal name
79:Predecessor
74:January 350
5869:350 deaths
5858:Categories
5587:Andronikos
5575:Nikephoros
5524:Michael IV
5489:Romanos II
5409:Theophilos
5404:Michael II
5385:Staurakios
5369:Staurakios
5341:Nikephoros
5334:Artabasdos
5246:Heraclonas
5203:Theodosius
5161:Basiliscus
4921:Nepotianus
4914:Magnentius
4908:Constans I
4861:Severus II
4841:Diocletian
4786:Quintillus
4751:Aemilianus
4744:Volusianus
4689:Gordian II
4654:Elagabalus
4517:Principate
4412: III
4329:Magnentius
3356:2 November
3274:2 November
3165:References
3101:Constantia
2740:Nepotianus
2091:Constantia
1682:(daughter)
1671:Constans I
1270:Constantia
769:See also:
685:Magnentius
676:Decennalia
497:Sarmatians
393:Early life
370:Roman army
355:Magnentius
310:Sarmatians
267:Constans I
164:322 or 323
124:, 337–340)
93:Magnentius
5829:Classical
5814:Empresses
5798:(286–296)
5792:(267–273)
5786:(260–274)
5529:Michael V
5455:Alexander
5268:Heraclius
5236:Heraclius
5188:Justin II
5098:Glycerius
5085:Anthemius
4955:Procopius
4893:Martinian
4872:Maxentius
4801:Florianus
4774:Saloninus
4769:Gallienus
4738:Hostilian
4714:Philip II
4684:Gordian I
4632:Caracalla
4567:Vespasian
4562:Vitellius
4454: IV
4368: II
4205:J. Morris
3986:Eutropius
3807:Hunt 1998
3756:Hunt 1998
3706:Hunt 1998
3679:Hunt 1998
3655:Hunt 1998
3530:Eutropius
3518:Hunt 1998
3460:Hunt 1998
3445:Hunt 1998
2765:Minervina
2459:Bassianus
2453:Anastasia
1579:Dalmatius
1364:Minervina
1347:the Great
1315:Anastasia
1097:Maxentius
759:Decentius
655:pederasty
637:suppress
581:constans
531:Eutropius
374:acclaimed
302:Illyricum
103:Co-rulers
89:Successor
5824:Usurpers
5819:Augustae
5777:See also
5682:Nicholas
5504:Basil II
5301:Tiberius
5286:Leontius
5274:Tiberius
5251:Tiberius
5229:610–1453
5224:Eastern/
5178:Justin I
5131:Arcadius
5091:Olybrius
5073:Majorian
5014:Honorius
4993:Eugenius
4928:Vetranio
4878:Licinius
4851:Galerius
4846:Maximian
4831:Dominate
4821:Numerian
4791:Aurelian
4764:Valerian
4709:Philip I
4699:Balbinus
4694:Pupienus
4642:Macrinus
4617:Pertinax
4612:Commodus
4577:Domitian
4542:Claudius
4537:Caligula
4532:Tiberius
4527:Augustus
4465:Eusebius
4432:Amantius
4350:Polemius
4333:Vetranio
4283:Constans
4207:(1971).
4175:(eds.).
4146:(2012).
4079:(2005).
4026:(1982).
3117:See also
3005:Faustina
2920:Constans
2598:Eutropia
2584:Basilina
2439:Licinius
1684:∞ Justus
1650:Faustina
1321:Eutropia
1277:Licinius
1041:Theodora
864:Maximian
857:Eutropia
748:Vetranio
721:prophecy
713:Pyrenees
705:Hispania
639:Donatism
616:Religion
590:vexillum
585:augustus
516:Aquileia
459:augustus
443:Ablabius
436:Olympias
411:Libanius
407:Ausonius
377:augustus
326:augustus
318:Aquileia
289:augustus
247:Religion
118:Hispania
97:Vetranio
67:Augustus
31:Constans
5834:Eastern
5734:Matthew
5628:Alexios
5476:Stephen
5438:Basil I
5323:Leo III
5198:Maurice
5141:Marcian
5124:395–610
5048:Joannes
5007:395–480
4961:Gratian
4834:284–610
4816:Carinus
4796:Tacitus
4672:235–285
4592:Hadrian
4423:Romulus
4132:Archive
3963:Zosimus
3952:Sources
3092:367–383
3088:Gratian
3042:360–363
3019:337–361
2923:337–350
2907:337–340
2893:Crispus
2779:306–337
2716:360–363
2443:308–324
2406:306–337
2251:305–306
2193:268–270
2160:Augusti
2104:Gratian
2094:361–383
1906:Justina
1690:Crispus
1330:289–326
1273:293–330
1091:250–330
1069:Chlorus
755:Zosimus
671:Solidus
601:Victory
596:chi-rho
593:with a
577:Solidus
547:Britain
492:augusti
470:Solidus
216:Dynasty
122:Britain
56:in the
5904:Flavii
5596:&
5572:&
5479:&
5450:Leo VI
5426:Thekla
5382:&
5349:Leo IV
5271:&
5210:Phocas
5166:Marcus
5151:Leo II
5067:Avitus
4984:Victor
4949:Valens
4939:Jovian
4934:Julian
4806:Probus
4741:&
4721:Decius
4669:Crisis
4587:Trajan
4449:With:
4407:With:
4363:With:
4313:With:
4259:
4238:
4217:
4203:&
4185:
4171:&
4156:
4110:
4089:
4065:
4044:
4012:
3347:
3265:
3182:Louvre
3038:Julian
3028:Helena
2788:Fausta
2725:Helena
2712:Julian
2237:Helena
1822:Jovian
1693:d. 326
1618:d. 360
1615:Helena
1605:Julian
1582:caesar
1327:Fausta
1307:d. 337
1289:censor
1088:Helena
725:Helena
551:Areani
540:Julian
527:Franks
512:solidi
427:caesar
403:Fausta
372:, was
344:Franks
306:Africa
304:, and
276:caesar
269:, was
241:Fausta
237:Mother
227:Father
144:Caesar
44:Louvre
5909:Julii
5392:Leo V
5359:Irene
5146:Leo I
4811:Carus
4582:Nerva
4572:Titus
4552:Galba
4504:Roman
4347:Ursus
3145:Notes
2570:Galla
2115:Galla
1296:Galla
689:Autun
662:Death
449:Reign
381:Autun
298:Italy
189:Names
5748:(w.
5731:(w.
5679:(w.
5650:John
5647:(w.
5625:(w.
5613:(w.
5584:(w.
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5394:(w.
5376:(w.
5337:(w.
5298:(w.
5265:(w.
5248:(w.
5200:(w.
5163:(w.
5156:Zeno
5023:(w.
4980:(w.
4771:(w.
4735:(w.
4723:(w.
4711:(w.
4644:(w.
4637:Geta
4557:Otho
4547:Nero
4506:and
4444:III
4319:and
4257:ISBN
4236:ISBN
4215:ISBN
4183:ISBN
4154:ISBN
4108:ISBN
4087:ISBN
4063:ISBN
4042:ISBN
4010:ISBN
3358:2020
3345:ISBN
3300:2023
3276:2020
3263:ISBN
1627:∞ 1.
1602:(2)
1594:(1)
717:Gaul
709:Elne
583:p·f·
567:Rome
485:and
409:and
179:Gaul
169:Died
161:Born
132:East
120:and
114:Gaul
95:and
58:West
5569:Leo
5514:Zoe
4760:(?)
4402:II
4134:),
4034:doi
3536:X.9
3337:doi
3255:doi
565:in
430:at
296:of
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5473:,
4199:;
4124:,
4040:.
3988:,
3977:,
3971:II
3965:,
3874:^
3787:^
3740:^
3725:^
3698:^
3611:^
3594:^
3575:^
3556:^
3541:^
3532:,
3506:^
3467:^
3452:^
3419:.
3389:^
3343:,
3331:,
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3261:,
3223:^
3200:^
1648:∞
1632:2.
1294:1.
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