31:
820:
844:
832:
808:
796:
1444:
240:
628:
114:
89:
67:
706:
and shortly after hatching leave the nest and can feed themselves. They are cared for by the female who broods them while they are small. The young fledge when around 19 days of age but stay in the family group for 30–50 days. They generally first breed when one year old and only have a single brood.
595:
on the ground. It is notoriously difficult to see, keeping hidden in crops, and reluctant to fly, preferring to creep away instead. Even when flushed, it keeps low and soon drops back into cover. Often the only indication of its presence is the distinctive "wet-my-lips" repetitive song of the male.
534:
to 5 oz). It is greatest before migration at the end of the breeding season. The female is generally slightly heavier than the male. It is streaked brown with a white eyestripe, and, in the male, a white chin. As befits its migratory nature, it has long wings, unlike the typically short-winged
668: in) in diameter which is sparsely lined with vegetation. The eggs are laid at 24-hour intervals to form a clutch of between 8 and 13 eggs. These have an off-white to creamy yellow background with dark brown spots or blotches. Their average dimensions are 30 mm × 23 mm (
41:
1463:
729:
area. Very large numbers are caught in nets along the
Mediterranean coast of Egypt. It is estimated that in 2012, during the autumn migration, 3.4 million birds were caught in northern Sinai and perhaps as many as 12.9 million in the whole of Egypt.
40:
42:
635:
Males generally arrive in the breeding area before the females. In northern Europe laying begins from the middle of May, and with repeat laying can continue to the end of August. The female forms a shallow
764:
If common quails have eaten certain plants, although which plants is still in debate, the meat from quail can be poisonous, with one in four who consume poisonous flesh becoming ill with
348:, native to Asia, which, although visually similar, has a call that is very distinct from that of the common quail. Like the Japanese quail, common quails are sometimes kept as
418:
without apparent interbreeding and in captivity the offspring of crosses show reduced fertility. The
Japanese quail is therefore now treated as a separate species.
340:
is more often heard than seen. It is widespread in Europe and North Africa, and is categorised by the IUCN as "least concern". It should not be confused with the
535:
gamebirds. According to Online
Etymology Dictionary, "small migratory game bird of the Old World, late 14c. (early 14c. as a surname, Quayle), from Old French
702: oz). The eggs are incubated by the female alone beginning after all the eggs are laid. The eggs hatch synchronously after 17–20 days. The young are
1419:
1759:
476:
1989:
1811:
784:
chapter 11 describes a story of a huge mass of quails that were blown by a wind and were taken as meat by the
Israelites in the wilderness.
1984:
843:
756:, developed an insatiable craving for quail, and courtiers and diplomats abroad were ordered to find sufficient supplies for the Queen.
959:
938:
Systema
Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis
831:
795:
1930:
1720:
983:
403:
1772:
1391:
967:
1777:
819:
2019:
953:
436:, 1758) – breeding in Europe and northwest Africa to Mongolia and north India, wintering in Africa and central, south India
1275:
Tsironi, M.; Andriopoulos, P.; Xamodraka, E.; Deftereos, S.; Vassilopoulos, A.; Asimakopoulos, G.; Aessopos, A. (2004).
1733:
1668:
1868:
2014:
1943:
1876:
1699:
336:
With its characteristic call of three repeated chirps (repeated three times in quick succession), this species of
30:
1816:
1712:
1681:
1433:
369:
229:
2029:
1961:
1798:
1616:
989:
Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en medecine, décrits dans la
Matiere Medicale de Geoffroy Medecin
579:), imitative of the bird's cry. Or the English word might have come up indigenously from Proto-Germanic."
1738:
1593:
1535:
1598:
1039:
910:
807:
1948:
1881:
1003:
Welter-Schultes, F.W.; Klug, R. (2009). "Nomenclatural consequences resulting from the rediscovery of
2004:
1562:
1384:
Handbook of the Birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The Birds of the
Western Palearctic
113:
2009:
1455:
1240:
Korkmaz, İ.; Kukul Güven, F.M.; Eren, Ş.H.; Dogan, Z. (2011). "Quail consumption can be harmful".
1146:
1450:
734:
463:
1855:
1764:
1580:
1497:
1790:
596:
The call is uttered mostly in the mornings, evenings and sometimes at night. It is a strongly
1850:
1842:
1413:
379:
208:
941:(in Latin). Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Holmiae (Stockholm): Laurentii Salvii. p. 161.
2024:
1863:
1585:
1544:
1549:
1424:
8:
887:
361:
56:
1443:
455:
285:
108:
1481:
1386:. Vol. II: Hawks to Bustards. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 496–503.
1303:
1276:
1994:
1837:
1629:
1387:
1343:
1339:
1308:
1257:
1208:
1164:"Records of migrants and amendments to the status of exotics on Mauritius in 1989–93"
1095:
963:
863:
614:
on several occasions but has failed to establish itself and is now probably extinct.
1621:
1420:
Identification guide (PDF; 3.4 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze
1163:
1077:
987:
1921:
1894:
1469:
1335:
1298:
1288:
1253:
1249:
1220:
1175:
1043:
1016:
905:
467:
1634:
1608:
936:
1999:
1824:
1686:
1073:
781:
374:
93:
1803:
1047:
239:
1707:
1694:
1408:
769:
597:
341:
1225:
1082:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 92.
627:
1978:
1785:
1375:
932:
896:
726:
716:
442:
433:
365:
225:
98:
76:
71:
1007:, a rare work published by Garsault in 1764, in the zoological literature".
637:
1520:
1312:
1261:
745:
489:
1673:
1347:
1020:
1746:
1529:
1476:
1293:
722:
415:
407:
326:
322:
175:
165:
1572:
737:
in the United States and Europe. However, most of this increase is with
1935:
1889:
1829:
1725:
1485:
1277:"The patient with rhabdomyolysis: Have you considered quail poisoning?"
749:
422:
330:
50:
Male (nominate subsp.) in
Germany, and the advertising call in England
1655:
1274:
1180:
1151:. Vol. II. Calcutta: A.O. Hume and C.H.T. Marshall. p. 148.
765:
753:
738:
703:
611:
604:
125:
1647:
1491:
1915:
1751:
1660:
1514:
768:, which is characterized by muscle soreness, and which may lead to
398:
185:
145:
1956:
1557:
349:
1409:
Common quail species text in The Atlas of
Southern African Birds
592:
446:
135:
881:
879:
1642:
394:
393:
word for the common quail. This species is now placed in the
390:
337:
1239:
876:
733:
This species over recent years has seen an increase in its
600:
588:
414:). The ranges of the two species meet in Mongolia and near
155:
1326:
Ouzounellis, T. (1970). "Some notes on quail poisoning".
741:. It is declining in parts of its range such as Ireland.
1188:
610:
The common quail has been introduced onto the island of
506:–7 in) in length with a wingspan of 32–35 cm (
1116:
1114:
1005:
Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine
885:
563:), or directly from a Germanic source (compare Dutch
402:
that was introduced in 1764 by the French naturalist
1126:
1038:
992:(in French). Vol. 5. Paris: Desprez. Plate 686.
1111:
1002:
1209:"Hunting of migratory birds in North Sinai, Egypt"
1094:
911:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22678944A131904485.en
329:. It is mainly migratory, breeding in the western
470:, 1848 – sub-Saharan Africa and the three islands
406:. The common quail was formerly considered to be
1976:
1206:
520:–14 in). The weight is 70 to 140 g (
1161:
1144:
955:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
333:and wintering in Africa and southern India.
1325:
1092:
582:
1442:
587:This is a terrestrial species, feeding on
238:
87:
65:
38:
29:
1302:
1292:
1224:
1179:
909:
801:Head of female of the nominate subspecies
710:
1207:Eason, P.; Rabia, B.; Attum, O. (2016).
1138:
982:
931:
626:
617:
279: Extant & Introduced (resident)
951:
273: Possible extinct & Introduced
1977:
1148:Game Birds of India, Burmah and Ceylon
1072:
984:Garsault, François Alexandre Pierre de
721:The common quail is heavily hunted as
1990:IUCN Red List near threatened species
1496:
1495:
1374:
1194:
1162:Safford, Roger; Basque, Rémy (2007).
1145:Hume, A.O.; Marshall, C.H.T. (1880).
1132:
1120:
1086:
1054:. International Ornithologists' Union
1034:
1032:
1030:
752:, then pregnant with the future King
692: in) with a weight of 8 g (
404:François Alexandre Pierre de Garsault
1962:EABA5B71-AE50-4485-ADF4-66370C44A071
1713:699b68f8-c6b2-464f-b7df-b8c65b820ed6
958:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
488:The common quail is a small compact
1985:IUCN Red List least concern species
1048:"Pheasants, partridges, francolins"
1009:Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature
897:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
13:
1027:
479:, 1912 – east and northeast Africa
14:
2041:
1402:
1168:Bulletin of the African Bird Club
1482:Audio recordings of Common quail
1340:10.1001/jama.1970.03170070056017
1093:Moreau, R.E.; Wayre, P. (1968).
1079:Check-List of Birds of the World
1052:IOC World Bird List Version 10.2
842:
830:
818:
806:
794:
112:
1425:BirdLife species factsheet for
1354:
1319:
1268:
1233:
1213:Bird Conservation International
1200:
1155:
886:BirdLife International (2018).
1739:common-quail-coturnix-coturnix
1254:10.1016/j.jemermed.2008.03.045
1066:
996:
976:
945:
925:
640:in the ground 7–13.5 cm (
543:), perhaps via Medieval Latin
483:
1:
1242:Journal of Emergency Medicine
869:
775:
1466:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1464:European Quail photo gallery
759:
321:, is a small ground-nesting
7:
2020:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1096:"On the Palaearctic quails"
857:
837:Head of nominate subspecies
622:
355:
10:
2046:
1367:
851:Coturnix coturnix africana
787:
714:
547:(source also of Provençal
364:by the Swedish naturalist
1905:
1504:
1470:Interactive range map of
1226:10.1017/S0959270915000180
952:Jobling, James A (2010).
904:: e.T22678944A131904485.
410:with the Japanese quail (
291:
284:
246:
237:
214:
207:
109:Scientific classification
107:
85:
63:
54:
49:
37:
28:
23:
1456:Internet Bird Collection
583:Distribution and habitat
2015:Birds described in 1758
725:on passage through the
385:. The specific epithet
325:in the pheasant family
711:Relationship to humans
632:
1851:Paleobiology Database
1021:10.21805/bzn.v66i3.a1
630:
618:Behaviour and ecology
360:The common quail was
2030:Animals in the Bible
1708:Fauna Europaea (new)
1451:"Common quail media"
1294:10.1503/cmaj.1031256
492:bird 16–18 cm (
1434:"Coturnix coturnix"
1414:Common quail photos
1197:, pp. 501–502.
298:Linnaeus, 1758
57:Conservation status
1477:IUCN Red List maps
1042:; Donsker, David;
780:In the Bible, the
633:
567:, Old High German
456:Cape Verde Islands
362:formally described
346:Coturnix japonica)
267: Non-breeding
1972:
1971:
1895:Coturnix-coturnix
1838:Open Tree of Life
1550:Coturnix_coturnix
1536:Coturnix coturnix
1506:Coturnix coturnix
1498:Taxon identifiers
1472:Coturnix coturnix
1427:Coturnix coturnix
1393:978-0-19-857505-4
1380:Coturnix coturnix
1074:Peters, James Lee
1044:Rasmussen, Pamela
969:978-1-4081-2501-4
890:Coturnix coturnix
864:Quails in cookery
412:Coturnix japonica
314:Coturnix coturnix
305:
304:
218:Coturnix coturnix
102:
80:
43:
2037:
2005:Birds of Eurasia
1965:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1939:
1938:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1898:
1897:
1885:
1884:
1872:
1871:
1859:
1858:
1846:
1845:
1833:
1832:
1820:
1819:
1807:
1806:
1804:NHMSYS0000530319
1794:
1793:
1781:
1780:
1768:
1767:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1741:
1729:
1728:
1716:
1715:
1703:
1702:
1690:
1689:
1677:
1676:
1664:
1663:
1651:
1650:
1638:
1637:
1625:
1624:
1612:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1589:
1588:
1576:
1575:
1566:
1565:
1563:CAFE345DCABD8BF8
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1538:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1493:
1492:
1460:
1446:
1441:
1397:
1361:
1360:Numbers 11:31-35
1358:
1352:
1351:
1323:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1237:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:10.5962/p.309797
1159:
1153:
1152:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1124:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1098:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1036:
1025:
1024:
1000:
994:
993:
980:
974:
973:
949:
943:
942:
929:
923:
922:
920:
918:
913:
883:
846:
834:
822:
810:
798:
748:, third wife of
701:
700:
696:
691:
690:
686:
682: in ×
681:
680:
676:
673:
667:
666:
662:
659:
653:
652:
648:
645:
533:
532:
528:
525:
519:
518:
514:
511:
505:
504:
500:
497:
454:Hartert, 1917 –
440:C. c. conturbans
425:are recognised:
299:
278:
272:
266:
260:
254:
242:
220:
200:C. coturnix
117:
116:
96:
91:
90:
74:
69:
68:
45:
44:
33:
21:
20:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2034:
2010:Birds of Africa
1975:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1960:
1955:
1947:
1942:
1934:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1907:Tetrao coturnix
1901:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1825:Observation.org
1823:
1815:
1810:
1802:
1797:
1789:
1784:
1776:
1771:
1763:
1758:
1750:
1745:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1719:
1711:
1706:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1667:
1659:
1654:
1646:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1620:
1615:
1607:
1605:
1597:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1571:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1500:
1449:
1432:
1405:
1400:
1394:
1378:, ed. (1980). "
1370:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1355:
1324:
1320:
1273:
1269:
1238:
1234:
1205:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1160:
1156:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1127:
1119:
1112:
1107:(3–4): 209–227.
1091:
1087:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1046:, eds. (2020).
1037:
1028:
1015:(3): 225–241 .
1001:
997:
981:
977:
970:
950:
946:
930:
926:
916:
914:
884:
877:
872:
860:
853:
847:
838:
835:
826:
823:
814:
811:
802:
799:
790:
782:Book of Numbers
778:
762:
744:In 1537, Queen
719:
713:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
683:
678:
674:
671:
669:
664:
660:
657:
655:
650:
646:
643:
641:
625:
620:
585:
539:(Modern French
530:
526:
523:
521:
516:
512:
509:
507:
502:
498:
495:
493:
486:
474:C. c. erlangeri
452:C. c. inopinata
383:Tetrao coturnix
375:Systema Naturae
368:in 1758 in the
358:
297:
295:Tetrao coturnix
280:
276:
274:
270:
268:
264:
262:
258:
256:
252:
233:
222:
216:
203:
111:
103:
94:Near Threatened
92:
88:
81:
70:
66:
59:
39:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
2043:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1970:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1911:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1899:
1886:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1821:
1808:
1795:
1782:
1769:
1756:
1743:
1730:
1717:
1704:
1695:Fauna Europaea
1691:
1678:
1665:
1652:
1639:
1626:
1613:
1603:
1590:
1577:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1526:
1510:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1489:
1479:
1467:
1461:
1447:
1430:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1404:
1403:External links
1401:
1399:
1398:
1392:
1376:Cramp, Stanley
1371:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1318:
1287:(4): 325–326.
1267:
1248:(5): 499–502.
1232:
1199:
1187:
1154:
1137:
1135:, p. 496.
1125:
1123:, p. 503.
1110:
1085:
1076:, ed. (1934).
1065:
1026:
995:
975:
968:
944:
933:Linnaeus, Carl
924:
874:
873:
871:
868:
867:
866:
859:
856:
855:
854:
848:
841:
839:
836:
829:
827:
824:
817:
815:
812:
805:
803:
800:
793:
789:
786:
777:
774:
770:kidney failure
761:
758:
712:
709:
624:
621:
619:
616:
603:, unlike most
584:
581:
575:, Old English
559:, Old Spanish
485:
482:
481:
480:
471:
461:C. c. africana
458:
449:
437:
430:C. c. coturnix
357:
354:
342:Japanese quail
319:European quail
303:
302:
301:
300:
289:
288:
282:
281:
275:
269:
263:
261: Resident
257:
255: Breeding
251:
244:
243:
235:
234:
223:
212:
211:
205:
204:
197:
195:
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168:
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159:
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138:
133:
129:
128:
123:
119:
118:
105:
104:
86:
83:
82:
64:
61:
60:
55:
52:
51:
47:
46:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2042:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1986:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1963:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1928:
1923:
1917:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1904:
1896:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1714:
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1334:(7): 1186–7.
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1174:(1): 26–35 .
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727:Mediterranean
724:
718:
717:Quail as food
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639:
629:
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380:binomial name
377:
376:
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370:tenth edition
367:
366:Carl Linnaeus
363:
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84:
78:
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72:Least Concern
62:
58:
53:
48:
36:
32:
27:
24:Common quail
22:
19:
1906:
1505:
1471:
1454:
1437:
1426:
1383:
1379:
1356:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1245:
1241:
1235:
1219:(1): 39–51.
1216:
1212:
1202:
1190:
1171:
1167:
1157:
1147:
1140:
1128:
1104:
1100:
1088:
1078:
1068:
1056:. Retrieved
1051:
1012:
1008:
1004:
998:
988:
978:
954:
947:
937:
927:
915:. Retrieved
901:
895:
889:
850:
825:ID composite
779:
763:
746:Jane Seymour
743:
732:
720:
634:
609:
586:
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572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
490:gallinaceous
487:
473:
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439:
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411:
397:
386:
382:
373:
359:
345:
335:
318:
313:
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309:common quail
308:
306:
294:
248:
217:
215:
199:
198:
186:
18:
2025:Toxic birds
1747:iNaturalist
1530:Wikispecies
1040:Gill, Frank
917:13 November
735:propagation
484:Description
416:Lake Baikal
408:conspecific
327:Phasianidae
249:C. coturnix
176:Phasianidae
166:Galliformes
1979:Categories
1922:Q106447744
1890:Xeno-canto
1486:Xeno-canto
1416:at Oiseaux
1195:Cramp 1980
1133:Cramp 1980
1121:Cramp 1980
870:References
776:In culture
750:Henry VIII
715:See also:
605:game birds
551:, Italian
423:subspecies
378:under the
331:Palearctic
101:) (Europe)
79:) (Global)
1058:3 October
766:coturnism
760:Poisoning
754:Edward VI
739:hobbyists
704:precocial
612:Mauritius
598:migratory
571:, German
445:, 1917 –
323:game bird
247:Range of
194:Species:
132:Kingdom:
126:Eukaryota
1995:Coturnix
1916:Wikidata
1791:22678944
1765:10459510
1586:22678944
1581:BirdLife
1570:BioLib:
1515:Wikidata
1382:Quail".
1313:15313988
1262:18963719
986:(1764).
935:(1758).
858:See also
849:Head of
623:Breeding
569:quahtala
545:quaccula
468:Schlegel
464:Temminck
434:Linnaeus
399:Coturnix
387:coturnix
356:Taxonomy
286:Synonyms
226:Linnaeus
187:Coturnix
172:Family:
146:Chordata
142:Phylum:
136:Animalia
122:Domain:
99:IUCN 3.1
77:IUCN 3.1
1957:ZooBank
1949:1461945
1936:4409028
1882:1461947
1843:1098760
1726:2474156
1648:comqua1
1622:bob3700
1609:comqua1
1558:Avibase
1438:Avibase
1368:Sources
1348:4904256
788:Gallery
697:⁄
687:⁄
677:⁄
663:⁄
649:⁄
593:insects
573:Wachtel
565:kwakkel
553:quaglia
537:quaille
529:⁄
515:⁄
501:⁄
477:Zedlitz
443:Hartert
389:is the
372:of his
350:poultry
182:Genus:
162:Order:
152:Class:
97: (
75: (
2000:Quails
1856:365980
1778:553871
1682:EURING
1661:COTXCO
1521:Q28358
1390:
1346:
1311:
1304:509041
1301:
1260:
966:
813:Female
638:scrape
577:wihtel
561:coalla
541:caille
466:&
447:Azores
317:), or
277:
271:
265:
259:
253:
1944:WoRMS
1877:WoRMS
1760:IRMNG
1700:96432
1669:EUNIS
1643:eBird
1606:BOW:
1599:52499
1101:Ardea
589:seeds
557:calha
549:calha
421:Five
395:genus
391:Latin
338:quail
1931:GBIF
1869:4956
1817:9091
1812:NCBI
1786:IUCN
1773:ITIS
1721:GBIF
1687:3700
1656:EPPO
1635:YYSJ
1594:BOLD
1573:8564
1388:ISBN
1344:PMID
1328:JAMA
1309:PMID
1281:CMAJ
1258:PMID
1060:2020
964:ISBN
919:2021
902:2018
723:game
631:Eggs
601:bird
591:and
307:The
230:1758
156:Aves
1864:TSA
1830:287
1799:NBN
1752:804
1734:IBC
1674:994
1630:CoL
1617:BTO
1545:ADW
1484:on
1475:at
1336:doi
1332:211
1299:PMC
1289:doi
1285:171
1250:doi
1221:doi
1176:doi
1017:doi
960:120
906:doi
1981::
1959::
1946::
1933::
1918::
1892::
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1840::
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1279:.
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1246:41
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1217:26
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1172:14
1170:.
1166:.
1113:^
1105:56
1103:.
1099:.
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1029:^
1013:66
1011:.
962:.
900:.
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228:,
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675:1
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670:1
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661:1
658:+
656:5
654:–
651:4
647:3
644:+
642:2
531:2
527:1
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522:2
517:2
513:1
510:+
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499:1
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494:6
432:(
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
