Common minke whale

983:, join ventrally in the mid-lateral region, with the former the brighter of the two. The pectoral fins are relatively small, averaging about 73 cm (about 2.4 ft) in length (maximum: 1.38 m, or about 4.5 ft). They have a transverse, white band on their outer margins, which is the most distinguishing feature of the species. In most individuals (about 94% in the western North Pacific) it is a clear white band, but in a minority of cases (about 6%) it only forms an obscure white band – about 29% of the individuals sampled from the Sea of Japan had this type of flipper band. The smooth-sided flukes average about 2 m (6.6 ft) in width and can be nearly 3 m (about 9.8 ft) wide. They are light gray or white ventrally and bordered by dark gray. The baleen plates, which number about 230 to 360 pairs and average about 20 by 10 cm (7.9 by 3.9 in), are creamy white with a fine white fringe – a small percentage in the western North Pacific (mainly larger individuals) have a thin black band along the outer margin. They possess 50 to 70 thin ventral pleats, which only extend about 47 percent of the body length – among the shortest relative to body length among the rorquals, second only to the sei whale. 1552:, had the least stable constituency as well as the lowest number of sightings per year, while Range C, south and west of San Juan Island, had the greatest number of sightings and the greatest number of identified individuals every year. One whale, S4, was repeatedly and consistently found in Range B for three years, but was never seen there again after 1982; few sightings were made since then and all of these occurred in 1984, most of them involving three whales that were usually found in Range A (S8, S10, and S13). In Range C, five whales were seen there every year, while seven were only seen in a single year – most of the latter individuals were never encountered in any other part of the study site. There were also whales that showed no site fidelity at all, moving freely between the sub-regions. For example, whale S9, although only being sighted five times over four years, had sightings evenly divided between ranges B and C; whale S5, on the other hand, encountered 27 times over the course of eight years, was seen in more than one range in most years and moved around the three sub-regions more than any other whale. 2900:, which operated from 1982 to 1986. These vessels used harpoon guns of 50 mm caliber or less. Because of their small size, limited cruising range, and inability to work during inclement weather, catchers were restricted to within 50 nautical miles of their home port in the 1950s, while the vast majority operated within 80 nautical miles of their home ports or designated unloading ports (for Hokkaido) during the period 1977 to 1987. In 1968 small motorboats were introduced, which scared the whales into swimming quickly at the surface, making them easier to track and exhausting them in the process – this allowed them to be more easily killed as well. The earliest were 4.5 m (15 ft) long and 2 tons with 65-80 horsepower outboard engines; later 4.9 to 5.2 m (16 to 17 ft) boats with 165 horsepower were utilized. The number of catchers using motorboats increased rapidly from 1968 to 1972; by 1979 they all used them. 2776:, which was mounted with a 1.5 inch bore harpoon gun – this was replaced in 1923 with a 2-inch bore harpoon gun manufactured in Norway. Later other vessels joined the trade. Operations were limited to coastal waters, normally within 30 nautical miles of shore. The season extended from the beginning of March to late November, even to early December at times; though most were caught between April and October. They were mainly caught for their meat, with a minimum of 3,362 being taken between 1914 and 1980. Catch limits were introduced in 1977. The average annual catch rose from 105 from 1966 to 1970, to 137 from 1971–1975, and finally to 200 from 1976 to 1980. The last were caught in 1985 before whaling resumed in 2003 under scientific permit, with 200 being taken from 2003 to 2007. Commercial whaling for minkes was renewed in 2006, with a total catch of 296 between 2006 and 2012. 866: 2157:) were seen on 47 individually identified minke whales on over 100 occasions between 1999 and 2004. They were seen on the whales from June to October, with peak sightings in July and August. Between one and four lampreys were found per whale; the majority were attached below or behind the dorsal fin. On eighteen occasions, the same whale was seen multiple times with one or more lampreys attached to the same spot on its body from two to 87 days with an average of fifteen days. Twice whales were seen right after a lamprey had detached from them, revealing a bloody lesion that showed that the lampreys were feeding on their blood. On several occasions scrapes were seen on the whales from lampreys moving about their bodies probably "actively seeking areas of greater access to blood or decreased water flow". 2008:, Alaska, British Columbia, Washington State, California, the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Greenland, and Svalbard. They are normally able to outpace pursuing killer whales in open water or are trapped in a bay, where they are rammed and drowned or strand and die – in one instance a minke whale was able to refloat itself on the rising tide and swim away. Chases usually last about 30 minutes to an hour and can reach speeds of up 30 km/h (19 mph), often with both species porpoising out of the water in low-angle leaps. Typically two to four killer whales and a lone minke are involved. If the pursuing killer whales do catch up to the minke it does not defend itself, which is typical of the fast-moving members of its genus. On two occasions fleeing minkes sought shelter under a boat, once off 2391:, this depended on whether a whale was traveling, searching, or feeding. During traveling, when the whale was slower moving (generally in a straight line), it would exhale the greatest number of times (6.44 on average) and dive for a longer period of time (3.67 minutes on average) than when it was feeding, which was characterized by constant change in direction and vigorous swimming – this normally involved one or two respirations interspersed with three to seven (2.27 on average) followed by a relatively short dive (1.36 minutes on average). When a whale was searching, on the other hand (which involved the whale moving at a faster speed than traveling in a sort of zigzag motion), it would exhale 3.22 times on average and dive the longest of the three modes (3.76 minutes on average). 3176:, the Canary Islands, Senegal, and Brazil. A total of 1,156 minke whales were caught off Korea between 1996 and 2008, an average of about 88 per year. They were mainly caught with set nets (31.4%), fish pots (27.3%), and gillnets (26.2%). Most were juveniles. Of 17 individuals that were reported caught in trap nets off eastern Honshu between 1978 and 1990, only two escaped alive, the rest being sold for their meat. Ship strikes are another source of mortality. They have been reported off the east coast of the United States, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and off Italy. A dwarf minke whale calf that stranded in New South Wales had one of its flukes cut by a propeller, which was the likely reason for its stranding and ensuing death. 906:, Norwegian whaling vessels in 1940 allegedly caught individuals of up to 10.7 m (35 ft) in length, but they were likely only measured visually in comparison to objects of known dimensions aboard the ships themselves – the longest caught in subsequent years were typically only up to 9.4–10.05 m (30.8–33.0 ft) in length. In the North Pacific, Soviet vessels operating out of the Kuril Islands claimed to have caught two males of 12.2 (40 ft) and 12 m (39 ft) and a female of 10.7 m (35 ft) – the first two were landed in 1951, the third in 1960. These likely represent undersized sei whales, part of the massive misreporting of whaling data by the 934:

females in the North Atlantic average between 7.9–8.17 m (25.9–26.8 ft) and 8.42–8.5 m (27.6–27.9 ft), while in the North Pacific they are slightly smaller, averaging only 7.5 and 8 m (25 and 26 ft), respectively. At birth, they are estimated to be 2.5–2.8 m (8.2–9.2 ft) in length and weigh 150–300 kg (330–660 lb). They are thought to be weaned at about 4.57 m (15.0 ft) in length. For the dwarf form, they are thought to reach sexual maturity at around 6.2 m (20 ft) for females and 6 m (20 ft) for males and are estimated to be about 2 m (6.6 ft) at birth.

529: 875: 887: 2932:, but catching in those regions ceased by 1965 due to the scarcity of whales. The first minkes of the season were caught off western Kyushu and the Sea of Japan side of Honshu, where peak catches occurred from March to May and March to April, respectively; from there effort shifted to the Okhotsk Sea side of Hokkaido and Sanriku, where catches peaked in May for the former area and from April to May in the latter area. Effort was finally diverted to the Pacific side of Hokkaido, where peak catches were made from July to September. The season as a whole extended from February to October. 1563:, while Range B was south of that canyon. Individuals were sighted within one of the two ranges on at least 88 per cent of the sightings, with whales even being observed to turn around as they approached the border of their primary range and head back toward the middle of their range – this happened five times at the northern border and twice at the southern border of Range A, and six times at the northern border of Range B. Whales were sighted within 3 km (1.9 mi) of the coast, occasionally just outside the kelp, most of the time moving in a more or less straight line. 1947:, sardine makes up the bulk of the diet (54%), but euphausiids also play an important part (32%) – only a small percentage (9%) fed on sand lance. Euphausiids were a major food item on the Okhotsk Sea side of Hokkaido and off Sanriku in the spring (71, 72 and 62% from April–June in the former area, and 83% in April in the latter area), while sardine dominated the diet in the summer in both areas (71% in September for the former region, and 70, 92, and 93% from May–July in the latter region). More recent data from Japanese scientific catches in the western North Pacific shows 1887:. Sandeel was more important in southern Iceland (constituting 78 per cent of sampled individuals), while capelin (35.1%), haddock (28.7%), and cod (22.3%) were more important in the north. Euphausiids were only consumed in the north. Although haddock was only a minor part of the diet the first couple years of the study (0 and 4% in 2003 and 2004, respectively), it subsequently constituted a major component of it (31-35% in 2005–2007), while sandeel's importance in the south declined considerably (95.2 to 77.7% from 2003–2006, but only 18.1% in 2007). Off southeastern 2298:, almost all sightings involved single whales. Off Iceland, the majority of sightings (93%) were of lone whales, with only a minority of the encounters including pairs (4%) or trios (less than 3%). Cow-calf pairs were absent from most of these regions – a single cow-calf pair was seen off the Isle of Mull in 1992, while only three were seen in the southern Gulf of Maine (in May, August, and October). Of 89 sightings in the Okhotsk Sea and Northwest Pacific, 80 were of solitary whales, seven of pairs, and one each involved groups of four and five whales. 2273: 379: 112: 3400: 1570:, northwest Scotland, between 1990 and 1999 during the months of May to October, 66 minke whales were photo-identified based on the shape of the dorsal fin and distinctive notches and marks on it, body scars, and white oval scars – lateral body pigmentation was often not visible. Of these, 30 were seen at least twice, with 21 of them sighted in more than one year; one individual was identified 27 times over the course of ten years. During a similar study performed during whale watching cruises in the southern outer 2516: 2570:, and duration. In the latter area, slow-down was the most commonly recorded type. Their peak frequencies ranged from 58 to 136 Hz and each pulse lasted from 0.07 to 0.12 seconds, together producing pulse trains of 12.4 to 39.8 seconds in duration. Detections of pulse trains peaked during August and September, with most calls being heard from mid-July to mid-November. None were recorded in January and February and few were detected from March to June. The pulse trains off Puerto Rico were recorded in March. 365: 938: 192: 1752:, and migrates to the southern Okhotsk Sea in the spring, where it mixes with the O stock. Peak calving is December in the North Atlantic, December to January in the North Pacific, and May to July for the J stock. The calving interval is only a year, so females are often simultaneously pregnant and lactating. Females reach physical maturity perhaps as early as 13 years of age; another study suggested that growth ceases for both sexes when they have 15 to 20 growth layers in their 2346:(over 90%). Females dominate during the spring and early summer (comprising nearly 79% of individuals from May to July), while the percentage of males increases from 38 to 45 per cent in the late summer (August to September). In coastal waters, the highest incidence of females occurs in the spring (about 85%), declines in the summer (72%), and rises again in the fall (over 75%). Over 70 per cent of the females in offshore waters are mature, nearly all of them pregnant (94.4%). 3320: 2800:

participating in the hunt each year increased rapidly, rising from 18 in 1963, to 25 in 1964, and to 45 in 1965. The peak was reached in 1968 and 1969, with 56 vessels active in both years. From 1970 to 1976 the average fluctuated between about 30 and 45 vessels. A total of 3,434 minke whales were taken off western Greenland between 1948 and 1976, with a peak of 315 reached in 1968. The vast majority of these whales were taken by fishing vessels normally targeting cod,

992: 3300: 2721: 3231:, in a square pool netted off from the sea. The first was exhibited for nearly three months in the mid-1930s, but accepted food only during the latter half of its stay. The second was a weeks-old calf that lasted only two weeks in May 1954 before dying. The last was an estimated 6.1 m (20 ft) individual of undetermined sex that had been caught in a fixed net near the aquarium on 26 November 1955 and transported there the same day. It refused the 3380: 3340: 1740:

whales off Iceland had twin fetuses, an 8.7 m (29 ft) female caught in July 2006 which had a 34 cm (13 in) male and a 32 cm (13 in) female. The calf is weaned after a period of six months. Peak conception is February in the North Atlantic, late February to mid-March for the "O stock", which migrates along the eastern coast of Japan to the Okhotsk Sea), and between October and November for the "J stock" (which occurs in the

150: 3360: 126: 3427: 2289:. On occasion, two whales could be seen surfacing at the same time, within one or two body lengths of each other – such associations could last for only one surfacing to as long as about 90 minutes. Only once were three individuals seen together for a couple surfacings. In the Monterey Bay area, usually only one whale was visible at a time; on only four occasions were two whales seen swimming together. On several occasions in the 3455: 1695:(July), while one whale moved from the southwest coast of Vancouver Island (June) to its northern coast (July–September) and another from the central British Columbia coast (July) south to northern Vancouver Island (August–September). Two whales, including one of the two that had traveled from southern to northern Vancouver Island, moved from northern (June and July, respectively) to southern Vancouver Island (September). 2395:

exhalations and the duration of dives depended on whether the whale was lunge feeding or feeding with birds. In the former method of feeding, whales made short dives – about 22 seconds long – up to seven times in rapid succession before making a long dive of about 3.8 minutes, while during the latter method they made longer short dives of about 65 seconds followed by shorter long dives of about 1.5 minutes.

1883:. They were found to feed almost exclusively on Atlantic mackerel in the northern North Sea, while the same was true for sandeel in the eastern North Sea. Off Iceland, they mainly fed on sandeel (nearly 58 per cent of sampled individuals), haddock (22.6%), herring (20%), capelin (19.4%), and Atlantic cod (14.7%), with the rest of the diet consisting of euphausiids, various larger species of gadoids, and 1724: 1135: 2481:, the whale would raise its head high out of the water at angle of about 30 to 45°, take a quick breath, and then slam its head onto the water, creating a loud splash. It would do this without expanding its ventral pleats or forcing water out of its mouth. After doing several head slaps the whale would perform a feeding lunge. Head slaps were used almost exclusively by M4 and M5. A 3441: 2808:, but an increasing number in later years were caught using a number of small boats with out-board motors, armed with high-powered rifles for killing the whale and hand-held harpoons and floating bladders to secure them; walkie-talkies were used for coordination. Usage of this method, called a "collective catch", increased from a catch of just one whale in 1970 to 59 in 1975. 1574:, northeast Scotland, between 2001 and 2007 from May to October, 34 individuals were photo-identified. Fourteen of them (41%) were sighted one or more times, while seven individuals (20%) were seen in one or more years. One whale was seen three times between 2002 and 2006; another four times between 2001 and 2006; and a third a total of eight times between 2001 and 2006. 514:. Although first ignored by whalers due to its small size and low oil yield, it began to be exploited by various countries beginning in the early 20th century. As other species declined larger numbers of common minke whales were caught, largely for their meat. It is now one of the primary targets of the whaling industry. There is a dwarf form in the Southern Hemisphere. 3247: 1891:, they only fed on capelin, while sandeel dominated off southwestern Greenland. In a sample of 172 minke whales caught off Newfoundland between 1966 and 1972, the vast majority (85%) fed only on fish, mainly capelin. Some fed on a mixture of capelin and cod, while others had only consumed cod. Other gadoids, herring, krill, and squid formed the rest of the diet. 1541:. The number of sightings per individual ranged from only one in one year to 37 over nine years, with 31 whales (56.4%) being sighted in at least two years and 12 (21.8%) being seen in at least five years. Most were seen exclusively or almost exclusively in one of three sub-regions in the San Juan Islands and one of two sub-regions in the Monterey Bay area. 2876:(both by 1957), the former on the west coast and the latter on the north coast of Honshu. An average of 23 catcher boats – each of which averaged about 23 tons between 1952 and 1986 – were involved each year between 1950 and 1986, from a peak of 80 in 1950 to a low of seven from 1973 to 1978 – these boats also caught other species, mainly 2625:. Their source remained a mystery for decades. By the early 1980s they were thought to come from whales, but it wasn't known what species. In the early 2000s, it was suggested these sounds might originate from minke whales, based on their similarities to vocalizations produced by Southern Hemisphere forms. Finally, during a 2002 HICEAS ( 2374:). The percentage of mature females is high in offshore areas (72.5 to 86.7%), with most of them being pregnant (85.7 to 100%). In coastal areas, however, most females are immature (60.4 to 94.2%) and fewer of the mature females are pregnant (40 to 58.4%). Females dominate in the northern Yellow Sea (90.9%) and off the east coast of 1855:, and blue whiting made up the rest of the diet. In the Norwegian Sea, herring was found in all individuals sampled (n= 10), with some (20 per cent each) also feeding on a small amount of capelin and blue whiting – an earlier study, based on data primarily obtained between 1943–1945, showed that they fed exclusively on herring off 732:, while the latter named a "dwarf form" based on specimens and sightings from Australia. This unnamed subspecies has a prominent white flipper and shoulder blaze and a dark throat patch, whereas what was called the "dark-shouldered" or "ordinary" form of minke whale (now known as a separate species, the Antarctic minke whale, 3219:. Full or partial necropsies have been conducted on over 60% of the minke whales stranded on the Atlantic coast since January 2017. Though human interactions and infectious disease were indicated by many of the necropsies, findings have been inconsistent and the cause of the strandings is not fully understood. 3131:, South Africa, between 1970 and 1973. Nearly all of them (12 of 13, or 92%) were taken in the first half of the season (April to June), over three-quarters within 30 nautical miles of shore. Of 902 minke whales caught off northeastern Brazil in 1980, only three were dwarf. Of 1,789 minke whales caught in the 2676:. They differ in pulse repetition rate and total duration. There may also be a "western boing" off Japan. Most boings have been recorded in the tropical and warm temperate North Pacific during the winter and spring, but some have also been detected in the northeastern Chukchi Sea in the summer and fall. 7294:

Ishikawa, H., Yuzu, S., Shimamoto, K., Bando, T., Ohshima, K., Kasai, H., Kinoshita, T., Mizushima, Y., Iwakami, H., Nibe, T., Hosoyama, T., Kuramochi, T., Numano, K., and Miyamoto, M. (1997). "Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a Special Permit in the North Pacific (JARPN) in

4219:

Yoshida, H., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Iwasaki, T., Miyashita, T., Saito, T., Shigeo, T., Morita, Y., Sato, H., Okada, A., Tomizawa, Y., Saino, S., Kuroishi, H., Ebisui, T., Nakai, K., Nishiwaki, S., and S. Kawahara. (2006). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under

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Kishiro, T., Kato, H., Ohizumi, H., Yoshida, H., Saito, T., Isoda, T., Tabata, S., Sakakibara, M., Saino, S., Hara, T., Hayashi, T., Miyashita, T., Fukudome, K., Kiwada, H., and Kawahara, S. (2003). "Report of the 2002 JARPN II survey in the western North Pacific. Part II: Coastal component – Coastal

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Commercial catches ended in 1987. In 1994, Japan began catching minke whales in the western North Pacific under scientific permit. Under the title of JARPN (Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the North Pacific), up to 100 whales were caught each year by a pelagic fleet consisting

2779:

A Newfoundland whaling company began catching "little piked whales" (minke whales) off northeastern Newfoundland in 1947, taking 16 in its first year and 41 in 1948. A total of 812 minke whales were caught off Newfoundland between 1947 and 1972, with a peak of 97 in 1972. They were captured by one to

2684:

The "star wars" vocalization, a complex, stereotyped call consisting of three components ranging from 50 Hz to 9.4 kHz, is produced by the dwarf minke whale. It has a source level of 150 to 165 decibels at a reference pressure of one micropascal at one metre. This bizarre call, described as

2490:

is exactly what its name implies: a whale exhaling as its blowholes submerge. This resulted in a large volume of water being displaced and typically followed a normal blow or a chin-up blow and on occasion a head slap. This technique was only executed by M1 and M5. These new techniques are thought to

2312:

involved either single whales (53.3%) or pairs (28.9%), with the maximum number of individuals in a group being eight. Four cow-calf pairs were seen as well. Individuals encountered on the various reef systems there often approached dive boats and circled them as well as the divers in the water. They

933:

At sexual maturity, males and females in the North Atlantic average between 6.16–6.75 m (20.2–22.1 ft) and 6.03–7.15 m (19.8–23.5 ft), while in the North Pacific they average between 6.3–6.8 m (21–22 ft) and 7.1–7.3 m (23–24 ft). At physical maturity, males and

7474:

Yoshida, H., Ito, N., Kishiro, T., Miyashita, T., Yasunaga, G., Hara, T., Nakamura, G., Maeda, H., Inoue, S., Tsutsumi, T., Ishida, K., Tamai, N., Kadowaki, I., Oka, S., Takahashi, M., Fukumoto, A., Kumagai, S., Sato, H., Sakamoto, N., Kitayama, K., Kobayashi, N., and Kato, H. (2013). "Cruise report

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Tamura, T., Fujise, Y., Bando, T., Yasunaga, G., Konishi, K., Kiwada, H., Isoda, T., Itoh, S., Machida, S., Tsunekawa, M., Konagai, T., Takamatsu, T., Ohshima, T., Honjo, K., Matsuoka, T., Zharikov, K. A., An, Y. R., Tohyama, D., and Kawahara, S. (2004). "Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research

7348:

Fujise, Y., Pastene, L. A., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Murase, H., Kawahara, S., Watanabe, H., Ohizumi, H., Mogoe, T., Kiwada, H., Nemoto, K., and Narita, H. (2001). "Progress Report of the Feasibility study of the Japanese whale research program under special permit in the western North Pacific – Phase

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In July 2007, a minke whale with what appeared to be a rope injury was observed surface feeding on capelin in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The long, linear laceration extended around the ventral pleats, restricting their distention. This individual performed a number of oblique lunges on its right side

2349:

Off Iceland, males dominate in most areas (particularly off the southwest coast, where they comprise 70% of individuals), while females form the slight majority (53%) on the east coast. Females dominate in the spring in most areas (61%), while males predominate in the summer (58%) and fall (66%). In

2333:

Common minke whales exhibit a great degree of spatial and temporal segregation by sex, age, and reproductive condition. Off Greenland, females dominate on the west coast (comprising 68% of individuals), while males predominate off the east coast (57%). On the west coast, the proportion of females in

2293:

area pairs and trios were briefly seen surfacing together. Around the Isle of Mull, about 68 per cent of the sightings involved single whales, 26.5 per cent involved two or three whales, while only 5.4 per cent involved groups of four to ten. Off Western Greenland and in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and

1951:

to be a major component of the diet in two of the three sub-areas (60 per cent by weight in sub-area 7 and 37.4% in sub-area 8), while Pacific saury was the major food item in sub-area 9 (64.6%) and played an important part of the diet in sub-area 8 (36.4%). Euphausiids (9.2% in all areas combined),

1585:

Bay, on the northeast coast. In Faxaflói Bay, 68 (23.3%) were resighted at least once, with 53 (18.2%) being resighted in two years, nine (3.1%) in three years, and six (2.1%) in four years. The majority in Skjálfandi was only sighted in one year, while ten (16.4%) were resighted at least once, four

1512:

Minke whales were individually identified using the shape of the dorsal fin and nicks along its edges, variations in lateral body pigmentation, and small oval scars in three separate study sites on the western coast of North America. These individuals showed strong small-scale site fidelity. A total

1462:

Ship-based sighting surveys that covered the Okhotsk Sea during August 1989 and August–September 1990 and adjacent areas of the Northwest Pacific during July and August 1990 estimated there were 25,049 (95% CI: 13,700-45,800) minke whales there, with 19,209 (95% CI: 10,100-36,600) in the Okhotsk Sea

723:

A smaller, Southern Hemisphere form of minke whale with white-banded flippers was first described in separate studies by Peter Best (1985) and Peter Arnold, Helene Marsh, and George Heinsohn (1987), though a white-flippered form in the Southern Hemisphere had been noted earlier. The former described

7312:

Zenitani, R., Fujise, Y., Matsuoka, K., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Ichihashi, H., Shimokawa, T., Krasnenko, A. S., Taguchi, F., Kinoshita, T., Mori, M., Watanabe, M., Ichinomiya, D., Nakamura, M., Sakai, K., Matsuzaka, K., Kamei, H., and Tohyama, D. (1999). "Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research

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Fujise, Y., Shimada, H., Zenitani, R., Goto, M., Tamura, T., Lindstrom, U., Uchida, A., Yoshida, H., Shimamoto, K., Yuzu, S., Kasai, H., Kinoshita, T., Iwata, T., and Toyama, D. (1997). "Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a Special Permit in the North Pacific (JARPN) in 1996

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in 1982 and taking effect in 1986, commercial catches ceased in 1987 (albeit only temporarily). From 1988 to 1990 and again from 1992 to 1994 Norway caught minke whales under scientific permit and resumed commercial whaling of the species in 1993. They typically catch 450 to 600 individuals a year,

2763:

and western Greenland just two years later. At its peak over 300 vessels participated in the hunt each season, but this declined to about 50 in the 1980s. By the end of the Second World War the catch was at nearly 2,000 per annum, peaked at 4,338 in 1958, and declined to 2,307 by 1970. Over 125,000

2758:

by the late 1930s – the latter area, particularly the southeastern region east to Novaya Zemlya, was one of the most important whaling grounds, with over 2,400 whales being caught there in 1949. Licenses were introduced in 1938. A westward expansion to the waters north and east of Iceland occurred;

2417:

cover a greater area than the former two maneuvers as the whale swims a long and short axis – the former can be greater than 100 m (330 ft) at times. Ellipses can be maintained for long periods of time and may include feeding circles within them as well as a number of engulfing maneuvers.

2386:

When a minke whale first comes to the surface to breathe its pointed rostrum is the first to break the surface. It either exhales beforehand or a narrow, diffuse blow or a low, bushy, diffuse blow is visible. It then arches its back in a quick motion, exaggerating this arch during its terminal deep

557:, 1906, vol. 3, p. 279), "Minkie was a Norwegian seaman who was always calling 'Hval' at whatever backfin he saw. He is now regarded as the type of the 'tenderfoot' at sea. Norwegians often refer to any small whale with some contempt or amusement as a 'Minkie' or 'Minkie's hval'." The American 7492:

Bando, T., Mogoe, T., Isoda, T., Wada, A., Mori, M., Tsunekawa, M., Tamahashi, K., Moriyama, R., Miyakawa, N., Kadowaki, I., Watanabe, H., and Ogawa, T. (2013). "Cruise Report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific (JARPN II) in

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Yoshida, H., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Iwasaki, T., Miyashita, T., Ryono, T., Tabata, S., Sakakibara, M., Saino, S., Hara, T., Hayashi, T., Tomizawa, Y., Tamai, K., Okamoto, R., Fukuoka, M., Watanabe, H., Tsunekawa, M., and Kawahara, S. (2004). "Report of the coastal survey on common minke whales off

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purchased some of the products of the hunt beginning in the late 1960s. An additional 4,307 minke whales were caught off Greenland between 1985 and 2012, 4,070 off western Greenland and a paltry 237 off eastern Greenland. The average annual catch during this period has usually been between 150 and

1003:

has similar proportions to the northern form, with an upright, hooked dorsal fin set about two-thirds the way along the back that is up to 32 to 34 cm (13 to 13 in) in height. It has 55 to 67 ventral grooves. Its baleen – 18 to 20 cm (7.1 to 7.9 in) in length – is mostly white,

958:

Common minke whales are among the most robust members of their genus, the greatest height of their body being one-fifth their total length. They have a narrow, pointed, triangular rostrum with a low splashguard. Their prominent, upright, falcate dorsal fin averages about 30 cm (12 in) in

929:

Males caught in the western North Pacific and weighed whole on a truck scale averaged between 2.85 and 4.23 metric tons (3.14 and 4.66 short tons) (range: 0.86 to 6.36 metric tons, 0.95 to 7.01 short tons), while females averaged between 1.93 and 3.63 metric tons (2.13 and 4.00 short tons) (range:

7384:

Fujise, Y., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Yasunaga, G., Konishi, K., Murase, H., Yoshida, T., Itoh, S., Ogawa, R., Sasaki, T., Fukutome, K., Isoda, T., Birukawa, N., Horji, N., Zharikov, K. A., Park, K. J., Tohyama, D., and Kawahara, S. (2003). "Cruise Report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under

3051:

Whaling for minke whales off Korea began in the early 1930s, when they were opportunistically caught by vessels targeting larger species. The number of boats used per year ranged from 13 (1967–68, 1983–84) to 24 (1965), with 21 per annum between 1975 and 1982. Their average tonnage and horsepower

2485:

is similar to a normal surfacing but more energetic and executed at a greater angle as the whale comes high out of the water to breathe and dive again in one continuous motion without slapping the surface of the water. Chin-up blows were utilized often and performed by all five whales; it was the

1739:

Common minke whales are sexually mature at about six to eight years of age for females and about six to seven years for males. Females are promiscuous. After a gestation period of 10 months, a single 2.6 m (8.5 ft) calf is born – only one out of 79 mature females during a study of minke

7456:

Yasunaga, G., Itoh, N., Wada, A., Kiwada, H., Sato, H., Maeda, H., Nakamura, G., Inoue, S., Miyakawa, N., Kitayama, K., Ishikawa, Y., Suzuki, N., Tsutsumi, T., Kadowaki, I., and Kato, H. (2012). "Cruise Report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under special permit in the

7438:

Tamura, T., Otani, S., Isoda, T., Wada, A., Yonezaki, S., Mori, M., Tsunekawa, M., Fukutome, K., Nakai, K., Satoh, H., Nomura, I., Nagatsuka, S., Umatani, M., Koyanagi, T., Takamatsu, T., Kawabe, S., Kandabashi, S., Watanabe, H., Kumagai, S., Sato, H., and Ogawa, T. (2009). "Cruise Report of the

7402:

Tamura, T., Matsuoka, K., Bando, T., Mogoe, T., Konishi, K., Mori, M., Tsunekawa, M., Okamoto, K., Funasaka, N., Sakajiri, H., Yoshida, Y., Kumagai, S., Kimura, K., Takamatsu, T., Konagai, T., Sasaki, S., Kuwaoka, J., and Ogawa, T. (2007). "Cruise Report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale

4261:

Yoshida, H., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Miyashita, T., Iwasaki, T., Minamikawa, S., and Kawahara, S. (2007). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2006 – Coastal component off Kushiro". Paper SC/59/O7

2394:

In the Monterey Bay area, focal follows of minke whales showed that they respired an average of 3.74 times during a surfacing sequence. These short duration dives averaged 37.8 seconds and were followed by a long duration dive of an average of 4.43 minutes. In the San Juan Islands, the number of

1082:

is usually present on the right side, but rarely on the left. The rostral saddle likewise shows asymmetrical coloration, extending further on the right side than on the left and having a more well defined posterior right margin; the left, meanwhile, often has a diffuse posterior margin. A white

7366:

Fujise, Y., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Watanabe, H., Kiwada, H., Otani, S., Kanda, N., Yasunaga, G., Mogoe, T., Konishi, K., Inamori, M., Shigemune, H., and Tohyama, D. (2002). "Cruise report of the feasibility study of the Japanese whales research program under special permit in the western North

7258:

Fujise, Y., Iwasaki, T., Zenitani, R., Araki, J., Matsuoka, K., Tamura, T., Aono, S., Yoshida, T., Hidaka, H., Nibe, T., and Tohyama, D. (1996). "Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under a Special Permit for North Pacific minke whales in 1995 with the results of a preliminary

3135:

by the Japanese between 1987–88 and 1992–93, only 16 were dwarf minkes (one was caught in 1987–88, five in 1988–89, three in 1989–90, four in 1990–91, and three in 1992–93). These were taken from December to March between the latitudes of 55°22'S and 65°04'S and the longitudes of 111°26'E and

1589:

In the St. Lawrence estuary, using dorsal fin shape and scars and lateral body pigmentation and scarring, a total of 209 minke whales were individually identified during the summer months between 1999 and 2004. Thirty-five were what were called "regular visitors", being sighted on at least 40

1439:) during August and September 2005, there are estimated to be 4,856 individuals (95% confidence interval (CV): 1,910-12,348) off Western Greenland; a ship-based survey made during September and October of the same year came up with a similar estimate of 4,479 (95% CI: 1,760-11,394). In the 2828:), the season doesn't begin until June because of sea ice, with peak catches occurring from July to September. A few are also caught in October and November. Minke whales were caught for their meat, with it mainly being used locally for human consumption and dog food, though in Umanak the 2799:

Minke whales were first exploited by Greenlanders off western Greenland in 1948, when a fishing vessel mounted with a harpoon cannon began catching them. This vessel averaged 18 whales per annum (range four to 32), before being joined by three other vessels in 1958. The number of vessels

2378:(69.2%), while males predominate off the west coast of Honshu (72.6%) and off the southwest and west coasts of Hokkaido (90.5 and 59.7%). In the southern Okhotsk Sea, females arrive earlier than males (April and May, respectively), while mature females arrive earlier than immature ones. 2408:

involve a whale, lying on its side with its ventral surface facing its intended prey, swimming in a circle 1.5 to 2.5 times its diameter and lunging mouth agape across the diameter of this circle. As the whale mounts the water column the movement of its flukes create a print or trace.

3084:. By the early 1960s a few hundred were being caught each year. The catch increased from 715 in 1970, to 882 in 1973, to a peak of 1,033 and 1,018 in 1977 and 1978. Minkes were caught almost year-round (February to December), with the most important whaling ground being the central 1463:

and 5,841 (95% CI: 2,800-12,000) in the Northwest Pacific. A sighting survey conducted in the central Bering Sea between July and August 1999 estimated there were 936 (95% CI: 473-1,852) individuals in those waters, while line-transect sighting surveys that cruised from the central

959:

height – range 7 to 77 cm (2.8 to 30.3 in) – and is set about two-thirds the way along the back. They are dark gray dorsally and clean white ventrally. The lower jaw projects beyond the upper jaw and is dark gray on both sides – though, like the dwarf form, it can have a

4285:

Kishiro, T., Kato, H., Yoshida, H., Miyashita, T., Iwasaki, T., Kanaji, Y., and Kawahara, S. (2008). "Cruise report of the Second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2007 – Coastal component off Kushiro".

3200:. It was believed to have died after a prolonged starvation due to compacted plastic debris obstructing its digestive tract – the first confirmed case of death due to the ingestion of litter in a baleen whale. In May 2014, a 6.4 m (21 ft) individual that stranded at 4233:

Kishiro, T., Kato, H., Yoshida, H., Miyashita, T., Ryono, T., Tabata, S., and Kawahara, S. (2006). "Cruise report of the Second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2005 – Coastal component off Kushiro".

3921:

Pastene, L. A.; Goto, M.; Kanda, N.; Zerbini, A. N.; Kerem, D. A. N.; Watanabe, K.; Bessho, Y.; Hasegawa, M; Nielsen, R.; Larsen, F.; Palsböll, P. J. (2007). "Radiation and speciation of pelagic organisms during periods of global warming: the case of the common minke whale,

2433:

the whale approaches the water at an angle of less than 30° with its ventral surface facing downwards. Usually only the rostrum and part of the lower lip are visible above the surface of the water as it breaks the surface and often the tops of the extended ventral pleats.

4247:

Goto, M., Kato, H., Zenitani, R., Yoshida, H., Saito, T., Tabata, S., and Kawahara, S. (2007). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2006 – Coastal component off Sanriku".

4271:

Bando, T., Kato, H., Kishiro, T., Goto, M., Saito, T., Tabata, S., and Kawahara, S. (2008). "Cruise report of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2007 – Coastal component off Sanriku".

4790:

Norris, T., Martin, S., Thomas, L., Yack, T., Oswald, J. N., Nosal, E. M., and Janik, V. (2012). "Acoustic ecology and behavior of minke whales in the Hawaiian and Marianas Islands: localization, abundance estimation, and characterization of minke whale 'boings'". In

1418:

There are estimated to be over 180,000 common minke whales in the North Atlantic. Sighting surveys conducted in the Northeastern Atlantic between 1996 and 2001 resulted in an estimated abundance of 107,205 whales, with 43,835 in the Barents Sea region, 26,718 around

1098:(analogous to the "shoulder streak" or "chevron" of the northern form), extends laterally down the back between the pectoral fins. It can point forward, backwards or form a straight line; this variability can help to identify individual whales. A pair of light gray 3252: 3248: 1074:, which occupies the distal third of the pectoral fin. This auxiliary patch is often completely separated from the thorax patch by the white of the shoulder blaze and a vertical extension of the ventral field, but can also narrowly or even broadly attach to it. A 2280:

Common minke whales are normally seen singly. In the San Juan Islands, although up to six whales could be seen in a feeding area at once they usually acted independently, with no indications of cooperative feeding like that observed in their larger relatives the

1594:, forty individuals were reliably identified using dorsal fin notches during the summer months (mainly July and August) between 1997 and 2008. Of these, fourteen (35%) were sighted on more than one day, while only five (12.5%) were seen in more than one year. 1586:(6.6%) in two years, and six (9.8%) in three years or more. One whale, first photographed in Skjálfandi Bay in July 2002, moved repeatedly between the two study sites over a period of nearly ten years, sometimes being sighted in both areas in the same season. 3249: 921:

scientists were an 8.7 m (29 ft) male and a 9 m (30 ft) female, while the longest caught by the Japanese in the western North Pacific were 8.5 m (28 ft) males and a 9.1 m (30 ft) female – the latter caught off eastern

7330:

Fujise, Y., Zenitani, R., Tamura, T., Bando, T., Ohtani, S., Takeda, S., Kitajima, A., Kimura, T., Masaki, T., and Tohyama, D. (2000). "Cruise report of the Japanese Whale Research Program under special permit in the North Pacific (JARPN) in 1999".

851:) on 1 July 2010, on the other hand, had a common minke mother and an Antarctic minke father. Her female fetus, in turn, was fathered by a North Atlantic common minke, demonstrating that back-crossing is possible between hybrids of the two species. 2469:

Plunges were used the most often (22% of the time), followed by ventral (19%), lateral (17%), and oblique lunges (15%). Vertical lunges were infrequently utilized (only 5% of the time), as were horizontal (7%), ventral (6%), and lateral arcs (3%).

707:

by Italian fisherman, who flensed it on the beach. Scammon mentioned its "dwarfish size", "pointed head", "falcated dorsal fin", and the "white band" on its "inordinately small, pointed pectorals". In 1877, the Italian geologist and paleontologist

3092:

in May and the southwestern Sea of Japan from June to October. Most were caught from April to June, with a peak in the Yellow Sea in April and in the Sea of Japan in June. They were also caught in the northern Yellow Sea and off the east coast of

2792:, but later catches (1966 to 1972) were mainly made in Trinity Bay itself. The season extended from May to September (rarely October), with peak catches being made in June and July. A small number – 51 between 1962 and 1967 – were also caught off 4205:

Kishiro, T., Kato, H., Yoshida, H., Miyashita, T., Ryono, T., Tabata, S., and Kawahara, S. (2005). "Cruise report of the coastal survey on common minke whales off Kushiro, northeast Japan: the 2004 JARPN II survey (Part II) – Coastal component".

2403:

In the Gulf of St. Lawrence, minke whales exhibit three types of behaviors: entrapment maneuvers, engulfment maneuvers, and entrapment/engulfment maneuvers. Entrapment maneuvers include circles, gyres, ellipses, figure-of-eights, and hyperbolas.

1590:

different days in four to six different years. Twenty-five showed strong small-scale site fidelity to either the Laurentian Channel Head or the Saguenay Fjord, with over three-quarters of their sightings occurring in one of these two areas. Off

2815:

and adjacent areas from 66°15'N to 70°45'N), the season begins in late May and peaks in July, August or September. In some years, mild ice-less winters also allow catching in this region from November to April. In the northwest (mainly the

3004:(720 gross tons, 1999) – until 1999. A total of 498 minke whales were caught. After a two-year feasibility study, JARPN II began in 2002, also taking up to 100 whales per year with a pelagic fleet consisting mainly of the same vessels – 771:

and created local pockets of upwelling, facilitating speciation by fragmenting populations. The radiation of common minke whales into the Northern Hemisphere occurred rapidly about 1.5 million years ago during a period of cooling in the

2728:

The first written records attest to the active hunting of minke whales off Norway by 1100 A.D. By 1240 they began utilizing iron darts fired from crossbows that had been treated with the tissue of dead sheep infected with the bacterium

549:'s account of his 1893–95 voyage to the Antarctic, when he mentioned catching a small whale "called in the Arctic language a Mencke whale, after a German who accompanied Mr. Foyn on some of his voyages." According to the British writer 2313:

were also seen breaching. Off Brazil, groups normally only consisted of one or two individuals, which actively avoided whale watching boats and fishing vessels. Here they were seen to associate with feeding flocks of seabirds, usually

7641:

Kato, H.; Fujise, Y.; Yoshida, H.; Nakagawa, S.; Ishida, M.; Tanifuji, S. (1990). "Cruise report and preliminary analysis of the 1988/89 Japanese feasibility study of the special permit proposal for southern hemisphere minke whales".

3251: 2387:

dive. Often the blowholes and dorsal fin are visible at the same time. Depending on its behavior, it may exhale anywhere from one to seven times in rapid succession before going on a longer dive of several minutes duration. In the

784:

There have been two confirmed hybrids between common and Antarctic minke whales. Both were caught in the northeastern North Atlantic by Norwegian whaling vessels. The first, an 8.25 m (27.1 ft) female taken off western

2083:

Common minke whales are a host to a number of internal and external parasites, as well as commensals, and other epibiotic fauna. Off Iceland, 45.2 per cent (85 of 188) of sampled minke whales bore old scars from attacks by the

7586:

Nicol, L. M., E. J. Gregr, R. Flinn, J. K. B. Ford, R. Gurney, L. Michaluk and A. Peacock. (2002). "British Columbia commercial whaling catch data 1908 to 1967: A detailed description of the B.C. historical whaling database".

1927:, with only the former species being found in whales sampled in September and the latter species likewise only being found in whales taken in October. Euphausiids make up nearly two-thirds of the diet (62%) around the western 3136:

178°12'E. An additional 180 minke whales (47 males, 133 females) which had flippers with a "clear white band" were taken by Japanese expeditions in the sub-Antarctic between 1972–73 and 1976–77, with a peak of 69 in 1975–76.

2888:. As the number of boats declined the average tonnage increased dramatically, from 14.6 in 1952 to 39 in 1982. In 1979, nine catchers averaged about 360 horsepower – they ranged from 15.2 tons and 150 horsepower for the tiny 2354:

and off Norway (54.3 to 68.1%). Larger individuals of both sexes primarily occur further north (off Svalbard and in the Barents Sea), while smaller individuals mainly occur to the south (e.g. along the Norwegian coast from

2534: 2499:

and then rotated in mid-air to the left, landing upright on its rostrum. This was not observed in any of the other feeding whales. This may have been done to avoid landing on the injured portion of its ventral pleats.

7001:

Jonsgård, Å (1977). "Tables showing the catch of small whales (including minke whales) caught by Norwegians in the period 1938–75, and large whales caught in different North Atlantic waters in the period 1868–1975".

1710:. The third soon stopped transmitting as well. The fourth ceased sending signals on 11 October, by which time it had reached 54°23'S, traveling some 6,000 km (3,700 mi) from its original tagging location. 5751:

Kasamatsu, F.; Yamamoto, Y.; Zenitani, R.; Ishikawa, H.; Ishibashi, T.; Sato, H.; Takashima, K.; Tanifuji, S. (1993). "Report of the 1990/91 southern minke whale research cruise under scientific permit in Area V".

1756:, which may correspond to about 15 to 20 years of age. Both sexes can live to about 50 years of age – the oldest in a study of Icelandic minke whales were 42 years for females and 47 years for males, respectively. 7240:

Fujise, Y., Kishiro, T., Zenitani, R., Matsuoka, K., Kawasaki, M., and Shimamoto, K. (1995). "Cruise report of the Japanese whale research program under a special permit for North Pacific minke whales in 1994".

2465:

are similar to lateral and ventral lunges, but without any part of the whale breaking the surface of the water. All three of these maneuvers have been observed with both expanded and unexpanded ventral pleats.

5609:

Windsland, K.; Lindstrom, U.; Nilssen, K. T.; Haug, T. (2007). "Relative abundance and size composition of prey in the common minke whale diet in selected areas of the northeastern Atlantic during 2000–04".

2903:

Several hundred minkes were caught each year, with the peak being reached in 1956, when 532 were taken. A total of 13,334 were taken by Japanese coastal whaling between 1948 and 1987. Most were caught off

3857:

Arnold, P.; Marsh, H.; Heinsohn, G. (1987). "The occurrence of two forms of minke whales in east Australian waters with a description of external characters and skeleton of the diminutive or dwarf form".

6224:

Sigurjónsson, J.; Gunnlaugsson, Th.; Ensor, P.; Newcomer, M.; Víkingsson, G. (1991). "North Atlantic sightings survey 1989 (NASS-89) shipboard surveys in Icelandic and adjacent waters July–August 1989".

2780:

three 12.2 to 15.2 m (40 to 50 ft) wood-hulled vessels that had a 50 mm harpoon cannon mounted on their bows. Whales were towed to a shore station for flensing. They were first caught in

7756:

Northridge, S., Cargill, A., Coram, A., Mandleberg, L., Calderan, S., and Reid, R. (2010). "Entanglement of minke whales in Scottish waters: an investigation into occurrence, causes and mitigation".

1471:

from July–August 2001 – 2003 estimated there were 1,232 (95% CI: 646-2,346) whales in that area, with the majority of the sightings around the eastern Aleutian Islands, particularly in and around

2735:. Introducing this infectious agent to a wound weakened the whale and after a couple days the men would return and lance it to death. This method of whaling continued to be used until the 1880s. 2566:. Two types, "speed-up" and "slow-down", were recorded off Puerto Rico, while the same two calls as well as a "constant" call, were recorded in Massachusetts Bay. They differ in pulse rate, peak 1602:

Three minke whales tagged off Iceland showed large-scale movements. One tagged off the north coast on 20 August 2002 first moved northeast of Iceland on 31 October before heading south, reaching

2811:

In southwest Greenland (south of 66°15'N), the season lasts from April to November, with peaks in May and October. Occasionally a few whales are caught in the winter. On the central west coast (

4862:

Tershy, B. R., Breese, D., and Strong, C. S. (1990). "Abundance, seasonal distribution and population composition of balaenopterid whales in the Canal de Ballenas, Gulf of California, Mexico".

592:. American whalemen in the 19th century simply thought of them as "young finbacks" or a "Finback's calf", apparently under the impression that they were juveniles of their larger relative, the 2532: 1840:, and copepods constituted the rest. Herring and haddock were also taken in the southern Barents Sea (accounting for 41.5 and 28.7 per cent by frequency of occurrence, respectively), while 926:

in 1977. For the dwarf form, the longest reported are a 7.62 m (25.0 ft) male caught in May 1973 and a 7.77 (25.5 ft) female caught in May 1970, both taken off South Africa.

1427:

and around the Svalbard archipelago, and 17,895 in the northern North Sea. There are an estimated 67,225 whales off Iceland. Based on an aerial survey performed in waters between northern

3097:(before 1936), where peak catches were reached from May to June and from April to June, respectively. About 16,000 were caught between 1940 and 1986, when hunting of minke whales ceased. 2491:

have been developed by these whales to help them herd small schooling fish (likely capelin) in the well-mixed waters of the Saguenay Fjord; these tactics were not observed in the nearby

2426:

involve the whale turning at least once at the end of a short straight line run – this maneuver is sometimes performed alongside a rock face, followed by an inward facing feeding lunge.

1691:

In the eastern North Pacific, individually identified minke whales were found to make intra-annual movements between feeding areas. Two whales traveled from southern (April) to northern

569:, inventor of the grenade harpoon. Meincke 'one day mistook a school of this whale species for blue whales.... most probably he made this mistake during Foyn's whaling operations in the 10030: 4831:

Norman, S. A.; Bowlby, C. E.; Brancato, M. S.; Calambokidis, J.; Duffield, D.; Gearin, P. J.; Scordino, J. (2004). "Cetacean strandings in Oregon and Washington between 1930 and 2002".

4356:

Kato, H.; Kishiro, T.; Fujise, T.; Wada, S. (1992). "Morphology of minke whales in the Okhotsk Sea, Sea of Japan and off the East Coast of Japan, with respect to stock identification".

5774:

Kato, H.; Hiroyama, H.; Fujise, Y.; Ono, K. (1989). "Preliminary report of the 1987/88 Japanese feasibility study of the special permit proposal for Southern Hemisphere minke whales".

3250: 3211:

Minke whale strandings on the Atlantic coast of the United States, from Maine to South Carolina, have increased in frequency since January 2017. These strandings have been declared an

2359:

south, in an area once known as a summering ground for newly weaned calves). In the Barents Sea, over 40 per cent of females are mature, with the vast majority being pregnant (94.4%).

1066:. The former covers the proximal two-thirds of the pectoral fin and continues along its leading edge, while the latter connects to the thorax patch above. A variably sized, dark oval 4129:

Hauksson, E.; Víkingsson, G. A.; Halldorsson, S. D.; Olafsdottir, D.; Sigurjónsson, J. (2011). "Preliminary report on biological parameters for NA minke whales in Icelandic waters".

2251:

encased in the boundary between its blubber and muscle, while an immature male caught in a gillnet off southern Brazil had a stomach heavily infested with nematodes of the genera

4192:

Sanriku coast, northeast Japan: the Japanese whale research program under special permit in the western North Pacific–Phase II (JARPN II) in 2003 (Part II) – Coastal component".

2438:

are executed at a greater angle (about 45°) and entirely expose the extended ventral pleats; at times the entire body exits the water in a low, porpoising-like breach. During a

2533: 1007:

The dwarf form has the most complex coloration of any baleen whale. Dark gray fields and capes alternate with light gray and white blazes, patches, and streaks. The dark gray

3793:

Van Waerebeek, K.; Andre, M.; Sequeira, M.; Martin, V.; Robineau, D.; Collet, A.; Papastavrou, V.; Ndiyaye, E. (1999). "Spatial and temporal distribution of the minke whale,

7475:

of the second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2012 (Part III) – Coastal component off Kushiro".

3239:

kept in the pool with it – and simply swam in a counter clockwise circle for 37 days before breaking through the nets on the morning of 2 January 1956, not long after three

1984:. An immature female caught in the sub-Antarctic had euphausiids in its stomach, while two pregnant females from the same area had consumed fish and a mature male only had 5925:

Ford, J. K.; Ellis, G. M.; Matkin, D. R.; Balcomb, K. C.; Briggs, D.; Morton, A. B. (2005). "Killer whale attacks on minke whales: prey capture and antipredator tactics".

5265:

Zerbini, A. N.; Waite, J. M.; Laake, J. L.; Wade, P. R. (2006). "Abundance, trends and distribution of baleen whales off Western Alaska and the central Aleutian Islands".

820:) on 20 June 2007, was the result of a pairing between a female Antarctic minke and a male common minke. The second, a pregnant female taken off northwestern Spitsbergen ( 5213:

Buckland, S. T.; Cattanach, K. L.; Miyashita, T. (1992). "Minke whale abundance in the northwest Pacific and Okhotsk Sea, estimated from 1989 and 1990 sighting surveys".

1668:. The third traveled the greatest distance. After being tagged in Faxaflói Bay on 27 August 2004 its first signal wasn't received until 17 November, when it was over the 5452:

Víkingsson, G. A. and M. P. Heide-Jørgensen. (2013). "Migration and local movements of common minke whales tracked by satellite in the North Atlantic during 2001-2010".

2495:

Head, where "strong tidal currents, a stratified water column and bottom topography combine to create large areas of upwelling in which prey are forced to the surface".

2016:, Alaska, in 1996 – in both instances they were attacked and killed. Killer whales typically only eat the tongue, skin, and some of the blubber of the minkes they kill. 5721:

Tamura, T., Konishi, K., Isoda, T., and P. Okamoto. (2009). "Prey consumption and feeding habits of common minke, sei and Bryde's whales in the western North Pacific".

747:

testing. This testing also confirmed that the Antarctic minke whale is the closest relative of the common minke whale, thus confirming the validity of the minke whale

2558:(median: 118 Hz) to below 90 Hz (median: 80 Hz) have been recorded in the St. Lawrence estuary of eastern Canada. Pulse trains have been recorded off 2301:

Northern minke whales occasionally breach, sometimes completely clearing the water – one individual in the Johnstone Strait area reacted to the approach of foraging

6002: 4742:

Rankin, S.; Norris, T. F.; Smultea, M. A.; Oedekoven, C.; Zoidis, A. M.; Silva, E.; Rivers, J. (2007). "A visual sighting and acoustic detections of minke whales,

2657:

array, detected boings off the northwestern Hawaiian Islands on 7 November 2002 and discovered they came from a minke whale, which they photographed and biopsied.

1544:

In the San Juan Islands, 14 out of 18 whales were within their primary range on at least 94 per cent of sightings. Of the three sub-regions, Range A, northwest of

1499:

There are no population estimates for dwarf minke whales due to sighting surveys not being able to distinguish it from the much more common Antarctic minke whale.

7944: 2477:, on the north side of the St. Lawrence estuary, from June to October 2003. These maneuvers included head slaps, chip-up blows, and exhales on the dive. During a 10373: 2554:

In the North Atlantic, minke whales produce downsweeps and "pulse" or "thump trains". Downsweeps, which last 0.4 seconds in duration and sweep down from 100-200

2232:

attached to their dorsal fins. Both are primarily warm water species and may be evidence of migration for minke whales from British Columbia to tropical waters.

1443:, line-transect aerial surveys done in August–September 1995 and July–August 1996 estimated there were 1,020 minke whales there, with about 75% of them on the 1548:, had the most stable constituency, with five individuals seen repeatedly over the study period, accounting for all but one of 88 sightings. Range B, east of 1491:, there are estimated to be 475 (95% CI: 221-1,020) whales based on sightings from ship-based line-transect surveys made during the summers of 2004 and 2005. 1055:

covers the posterior portion of the caudal peduncle to the tips of the dorsal side of the flukes, which are white ventrally and thinly bordered by dark gray.

3281: 3280:. In addition, the species is covered by the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region ( 3104:

in the western North Pacific, with 21 being taken by pelagic fleets between 1933 and 1979 and an additional 94 being caught by catchers operating out of the

2350:

the northeastern North Atlantic, females dominate around the Svalbard archipelago and in the Barents Sea (62.2 to 73.9%), while males predominate around the

2091:, while a further 10.6 per cent had fresh scars on the posterior part of their flanks; five were found with live lampreys still clinging to their flesh. The 3326: 2362:

In the western North Pacific, larger animals are typically found in higher latitudes (e.g. in the Okhotsk Sea, south of the Kuril Islands, and around the

7439:

second phase of the Japanese Whale Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2008 (part I) – Offshore component".

1577:

In a photo-identification study of minke whales off Iceland conducted between 2001 and 2010, a total of 353 whales were individually identified: 292 in

2422:

are smaller versions of ellipses, with a long axis of less than six body lengths. The whale turns in opposite directions at each end of the long axis.

1706:, in July 2013. All four followed the coastline south. Two stopped transmitting off southern Queensland, while the other two traveled west through the 4927:

Magalhaes, F. A., Severo, M. M., Tosi, C. H., Garri, R. G., Zerbini, A. N., Chellappa, S. and Silva, F. J. L. (2007). "Record of a dwarf minke whale (

3028:

in 2003 and 2008, respectively – but expanding its operations to include a coastal component using three to four small-type sampling vessels – mainly

2064:, was discovered on the carcass of a 5.3 m (17.4 ft) female minke whale experimentally placed at a depth of 125 m (410 ft) in the 10095: 3052:

increased from 56 (1971) to 74.5 tons (1982) and from about 220 (1971) to nearly 539 horsepower (1982). In 1982, they ranged from the diminutive

739:

Until recently, all minke whales were considered a single species. However, the common minke whale was recognized as a separate species from the

6175:

Araki, J.; Kuramochi, T.; Machida, M.; Nagazawa, K.; Uchida, A. (1997). "A note on the parasite fauna of the western North Pacific minke whale (

5503: 1450:

Estimates published in 2021 (based on 2014-2019 data) indicate that there are up to 150,000 individuals in Norwegian waters. Researchers at the

7832:

Van Waerebeek, K.; Baker, A. N.; Félix, F.; Gedamke, J.; Iñiguez, M.; Sanino, G. P.; Secchi, E.; Sutaria, D.; van Helden, A.; Wang, Y. (2007).

5432:

Bartha, G. B., Gowans, S., Simard, P., Tetley, M., and Keith, E. O. (2011). "Population size and site fidelity of North Atlantic minke whales (

6300:

Larsen, F.; Kapel, F. O. (1982). "Norwegian minke whaling off West Greenland, 1976–80 and biological studies of West Greenland minke whales".

4945:

Zerbini, A. N.; Secchi, E. R.; Siciliano, S.; Simões-Lopes, P. C. (1997). "A review of the occurrence and distribution of whales of the genus

1863:

was more varied, including herring (34 per cent by occurrence), pelagic crustaceans (23%), Atlantic cod (22%), haddock (6%), and a mixture of

10186: 10134: 7021:

Nasu, K (1992). "Catches of Minke Whales during the Ancient Whaling Era in Japan with a Note on pre-World War II Catches by Modern Whaling".

1031:, which reaches down to the ventral pleats and extends back to the front of the pectoral fins. Further back the spinal field extends into a 10328: 2222:

In the eastern North Pacific, forty-three of forty-four individually identified minke whales possessed what were believed to be scars from

995:

Dwarf minke whale showing prominent white flipper and shoulder blazes, the light gray thorax patch, and the various dark gray dorsal fields

7661:

Wada, S.; Numachi, K. (1979). "External and biochemical characters as an approach to stock identification for the Antarctic minke whale".

6393:

Hauksson, E., Víkingsson, G., and Sigurjónsson, J. (2013). "Geographic, temporal and size segregation of sexes of the common minke whale (

5471:"Seasonal movements and ecological markers as evidence for migration of common minke whales photo-identified in the eastern North Pacific" 3212: 2916:, with the Pacific side of Hokkaido gaining some importance by the early 1970s. They were seldom caught off the west coast of Honshu (off 2764:

have been caught by Norwegian commercial whaling since 1938. In accordance with the moratorium against commercial whaling voted on by the

759:

Common and Antarctic minke whales diverged from each other in the Southern Hemisphere 4.7 million years ago, during a prolonged period of

7124:

Ohsumi, S (1982). "Minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan, 1980 and a population assessment of the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific stock".

2685:"almost synthetic, metallic, or mechanical", has been recorded during June and July on the northern Great Barrier Reef (about 14°30'S to 2457:

a whale turns sharply – on either side – with only a pectoral fin or occasionally a tip of the flukes breaking the surface of the water.

9996: 4723:

Folkow, L. P.; Blix, A. S. (1991). "Norwegian whale sightings and acoustic surveys in the Atlantic Ocean during the winter of 1989/90".

2142:

was found attached to a baleen plate that belonged to a 7.9 m (26 ft) male caught off the northwest coast in 2005, while four

10363: 1121:(and occasionally blue and fin whales), dwarf minkes can exhibit auxiliary ridges on either side of the central ridge of the rostrum. 2724:

Norwegian minke whale quotas (blue line, 1994–2006) and catches (red line, 1946.2005) in numbers (from Norwegian official statistics)

865: 668:(1780), was the first to describe the minke, noting its small size and white baleen – but he described it erroneously under the name 5655:

Víkingsson, G.; Elvarsson, B.; Chosson, V.; Olafsdottir, D. (2013). "Recent changes in the diet composition of common minke whales (

5368:

Bertulli, C. G.; Rasmussen, M. H.; Tetley, M. J. (2013). "Photo-identification rate and wide-scale movement of common minke whales (

2614:

of up to 9 kHz. These strange calls were recorded from October to May – peaking in March – and had a source level of about 150

10353: 10069: 7998:

Official website of the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area

7905:

Abstract book of the 28th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society: Marine mammals as sentinels of a changing environment

2856:

in 1930. In the first half of the 1930s, about 20-30 was taken per year out of this port. Minke whaling soon spread to the port of

5570:

Skaug, H. J.; Bérubé, M.; Rew, M. B.; Palsbøll, P. J. (2007). "Genetic analyses reveal promiscuous mating in female minke whales,

10358: 10108: 5182: 4590:

Higdon, J. W.; Ferguson, S. H. (2011). "Reports of humpback and minke whales in the Hudson Bay region, eastern Canadian Arctic".

1828:, accounting for about three-quarters of their diet in both regions. Nearly half (nearly 46 per cent) also consumed euphausiids ( 3227:

Several minke whales have been briefly held in captive settings in Japan. All were kept at the Mito Aquarium, in the suburbs of

2308:

All of the dwarf minke whales caught off South Africa were taken singly. The majority of sightings of dwarf minke whales on the

10338: 3319: 2789: 2004:

There have been numerous recorded instances of killer whales preying on or attacking common minke whales in places such as the

1451: 4994:

Acevedo, J.; Olavarría, C.; Plana, J.; Aguayo-Lobo, A.; Larrea, A.; Pastene, L. A. (2011). "Occurrence of dwarf minke whales (

3399: 1102:

extend posteriorly behind the blowholes, often curving to the left – the left more strongly than the right. Occasionally fine

10235: 10152: 6831:

Gedamke, J.; Costa, D. P.; Dunstan, A. (2001). "Localization and visual verification of a complex minke whale vocalization".

6435: 4375:

Hauksson, E.; Christensen, I.; Víkingsson, G. A.; Halldorsson, S. D. (2013). "Morphometric comparison of common minke whales

3757: 3715: 3556: 2939:, which caught 279 minke whales from 1973 to 1975, mainly in the Okhotsk Sea. Japanese pelagic fleets also caught six in the 1956:(4.9% in sub-area 9), and mackerel were also consumed. They are thought to feed on juvenile herring and probably sand lance ( 879: 10113: 2848:

There is no evidence minke whales were caught in Japan during the harpoon and net whaling eras. The small-type catcher boat

9956: 5836: 4624:

Freitas, L, Dinis, A. and Alves, F. (2006). "Occurrence and distribution of cetaceans off Maderia archipelago (Portugal)".

2473:

Novel feeding techniques were observed during a study of five individually identified minke whales (named M1 to M5) in the

7834:"Vessel collisions with small cetaceans worldwide and with large whales in the Southern Hemisphere, an initial assessment" 4493:

Arnold, P. W.; Birtles, R. A.; Dunstan, A.; Lukoschek, V.; Matthews, M. (2005). "Colour patterns of the dwarf minke whale

7619:

Nishiwaki, S., Ishikawa, H. and Fujise, Y. (2005). "Review of the general methodology and survey procedure under JARPA".

6456:

Ohsumi, S (1983). "Minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan in 1981, with special reference to their stock boundary".

5118:

Heide-Jørgensen, M. P.; Borchers, D. L.; Witting, L.; Laidre, K. L.; Simon, M. J.; Rosing-Asvid, A.; Pike, D. G. (2008).

3797:(Lacepede, 1804), in the southern northeast Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with reference to stock identity". 1078:

usually covers the posterior third of the right lower jaw, while the left side is normally dark gray. Similarly, a white

7721:

Perkins, J. S., and Beamish, P. C. (1979). "Net entanglements of baleen whales in the inshore fishery of Newfoundland".

7421:

Program under Special Permit in the western North Pacific – Phase II (JARPN II) in 2003 (part I) – Offshore component".

3160:. Entanglements have been reported off Korea, Japan, Canada, the United States, the Azores, Scotland, Portugal, France, 191: 10333: 10056: 7222:

Ohsumi, S.; Wada, S. (1978). "Provisional report on the minke whale caught under special permit in the North Pacific".

4036:

Glover, K. A.; Kanda, N.; Haug, T.; Pastene, L. A.; Øien, N.; Seliussen, B. B.; Sørvik, A. G. E.; Skaug, H. J. (2013).

2943:, four in 1964 and two in 1971; an additional 22 were taken by pelagic fleets in the western North Pacific and western 2829: 2525: 7797:

Laist, D. W.; Knowlton, A. R.; Mead, J. G.; Collet, A. S.; Podesta, M. (2001). "Collisions between ships and whales".

7403:

Research Program under Special Permit in the Western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2006 (part I) – Offshore component".

5154:

Kingsley, M. C. S.; Reeves, R. R. (1998). "Aerial surveys of cetaceans in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 1995 and 1996".

4437:

Acevedo, J.; Aguayo-Lobo, A.; Acuna, P.; Pastene, L. A. (2006). "A note on the first record of the dwarf minke whale (

3708:

The Marine Mammals of the North-western Coast of North America: Together with an Account of the American Whale-fishery

3284:) and the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area ( 2950: 10199: 8037: 7682:

An, Y. R., Choi, S. G., & Moon, D. Y. (2010). "A review on the status of bycatch minke whales in Korean waters".

792: 3538: 3299: 823: 10300: 9077: 6887:

Christensen, I (1982). "Catch and effort and the sex composition in the Norwegian minke whale fishery, 1976-1980".

4638: 3076:, all three with 1,000 horsepower. Minkes were permitted to be landed for flensing at the main whaling stations of 2765: 327: 6804:

Delarue, J.; Martin, B.; Hannay, D. (2013). "Minke whale boing sound detections in the northeastern Chukchi Sea".

3379: 3339: 3044:(46 gross tons, 2003–2010) – with a total of up to 120 individuals being caught off Sanriku in the spring and off 10191: 9059: 6677:"Minke whale acoustic behavior and multi-year seasonal and diel vocalization patterns in Massachusetts Bay, USA" 5394:) in the St. Lawrence based on the presence of dorsal fin edge marks". In Evans, P. G. H. and V. Ridoux (eds.). 3108:

land stations – the annual catch in the latter region never exceeded nine or ten whales (1951, 1954, and 1956).

3080:, on the east coast, and Ucheango, on the west coast, as well as Jukbyeon, Kuryongpo, Heusando, Daichangdo, and 1688:

Islands. In all, it traveled 3,700 km (2,300 mi) from its tagging location in a little over 100 days.

9783: 7738:

Heyning, J. E.; Lewis, T. D. (1990). "Entanglements of baleen whales in fishing gear off southern California".

7601:

Da Rocha, J. M.; Braga, N. M. A. (1982). "Brazil Progress Report on cetacean research, June 1980 to May 1981".

7549:

Gong, Y.; Hwang, B.N. (1984). "Effort, catch and sightings data for the minke whale fishery in Korean waters".

6281:

Larsen, F.; Kapel, F. O. (1981). "Collection of biological material of minke whales off West Greenland, 1979".

3977:

Glover, K. A.; Kanda, N.; Haug, T.; Pastene, L. A.; Øien, N.; Goto, M.; Seliussen, B. B.; Skaug, H. J. (2010).

3112: 2219:, which infected the small intestine and were found in 17 per cent of the sample (all three species combined). 1640: 1605: 5198:

Før trodde forskerne det var cirka 100.000 vågehval i norske farvann. Nå mener de tallet er 50 prosent høyere.

4759: 4333:

Zerbini, A. N.; Secchi, E. R.; Siciliano, S.; Simoes-Lopes, P. C. (1996). "The dwarf form of the minke whale,

3882:"Cetacean mitochondrial DNA control region: sequences of all extant baleen whales and two sperm whale species" 3641: 3359: 10368: 10173: 9200: 8925: 8916: 1070:(formerly called a "flipper oval") lies behind the pectoral fin, often appearing to merge with the dark gray 768: 2928:

side of Hokkaido as well. They were formerly captured off western Kyushu and the south coasts of Honshu and

2118:, was found anchored into the flesh of 10.3 per cent of the whales (M. I. 1.6, with a maximum of five). The 1676:. Its next position was transmitted six days later, some 700 km (430 mi) to the south, around the 10348: 9729: 8746: 8737: 8669: 7203:

Miyashita, T.; Hatanaka, H. (1997). "A note on whaling grounds for the western North Pacific minke whale".

5906:

Rice, D. W. (1968). "Stomach contents and feeding behavior of killer whales in the eastern North Pacific".

3216: 2474: 1004:

with up to 45 per cent of the posterior plates shading from black to dusky gray along their outer margins.

7703:

Tobayama, T.; Yanagisawa, F.; Kasuya, T. (1992). "Incidental take of minke whales in Japanese trap nets".

7385:

Special Permit in the western North Pacific – Phase II (JARPN II) in 2002 (part I) – Offshore component".

10147: 10004: 9978: 9828: 9756: 8967: 8934: 8696: 7899:

Jauniaux, T.; Haelters, J.; Degraer, S.; Coignoul, F. (2014). "Fatal plastic impaction in a minke whale (

6338:

Larsen, F.; Øien, N. (1988). "On the discreteness of stocks of minke whales at East and West Greenland".

5356:

Distribution, diving behaviour and identification of the North Atlantic minke whale in northeast Scotland

4655: 3473: 1699: 1537:

from 1981 to 1987 – although in the last region most were only photographed incidentally to the study of

10009: 7184:

Wada, S (1988). "Catch and CPUE trend for the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific stock of minke whales, 1977-86".

7143:

Wada, S (1985). "Further analysis of CPUE data for the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific stock of minke whales".

4885:

Rankin, S.; Barlow, J. (2005). "Source of the North Pacific "boing" sound attributed to minke whales"".

9861: 9852: 8779: 8187: 7869:(2010). "Trophic transfer of the harmful algal toxin domoic acid as a cause of death in a minke whale ( 4465:

Dawson, S. M.; Slooten, E. (1990). "Stranding of a dwarf minke whale at Banks Peninsula, New Zealand".

4090:Øien, N (1988). "Length distribution in catches from the northeastern Atlantic stock of minke whales". 3829:

Best, P (1985). "External characters of southern minke whales and the existence of a diminutive form".

528: 7457:

western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2011 – (Part II) – Coastal component off Kushiro, spring survey".

6982:

Kapel, F.O. (1980). "Sex ratio and seasonal distribution of catch of minke whales in West Greenland".

3144:

Minke whales are occasionally caught in fishing gear of various types, including set nets, fish pots,

2413:

are larger versions of circles that steadily decrease in diameter as the whale performs each circuit.

2027:

have been found scavenging the blubber thrown overboard during Norwegian minke whaling operations off

1142:

Common minke whales have a disjointed distribution. In the North Atlantic, they occur as far north as

676:, basing his description partly on the stranding of a 4.26 m (14.0 ft) juvenile female near 10305: 10214: 9747: 9702: 9670: 9661: 9646: 9637: 9487: 9086: 8943: 8196: 4153:

Kato, H (1992). "Body length, reproduction and stock separation of minke whales off Northern Japan".

3201: 1476: 1274:

south along the entire west coast of North America (including the U.S. states of Alaska, Washington,

565:, citing the Norwegian scientist Age Jonsgård, stated "that Meincke was a German laborer working for 562: 545:

The origins of the species' common name are obscure. One of the first references to the name came in

6763:

Hannay, D. E.; Delarue, J.; Mouy, X.; Martin, B. S.; Leary, D.; Oswald, J. N.; Vallarta, J. (2013).

6503:

Lynas, E. M.; Sylvestre, J. P. (1988). "Feeding techniques and foraging strategies of minke whales (

5883: 5059: 4686: 3774:

The whalebone whales of the western North Atlantic: Compared with those occurring in European waters

2160:

Among a sample of 100 minke whales caught in the western North Pacific in 1995, 78% had the copepod

1899:

In the North Pacific, small schooling fish and krill are major food items. They feed exclusively on

10035: 9970: 9885: 9876: 9810: 9774: 9738: 9711: 9587: 9260: 9209: 8994: 8579: 6244:

Hassel, L. B.; Venturotti, A.; Magalhães, F. A.; Cuenca, S.; Siciliano, S.; Marques, F. F. (2003).

2881: 2228: 2178: 1432: 1110:, while dark or light speckling or streaking can occur along the flanks as well as what are called 684: 461: 10165: 9983: 7918: 3619: 10279: 9596: 9404: 8588: 6475:

Wada, S (1989). "Latitudinal segregation of the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific stock of minke whales".

6319:

Larsen, F.; Kapel, F. O. (1983). "Further biological studies of the West Greenland minke whale".

4220:

Special Permit in the western North Pacific (JARPN II) in 2005 – Coastal component off Sanriku".

2272: 2098:

was found on 11.9 per cent of individuals, with a mean intensity (M. I.) of 95.5 per whale – the

1936: 7162:

Wada, S (1986). "CPUE trend for the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific stock of minke whales, 1977-1984".

5869:

Ford, J. K.; Reeves, R. R. (2008). "Fight or flight: antipredator strategies of baleen whales".

5302:"Distribution and abundance of marine mammals in the coastal waters of British Columbia, Canada" 5234:"Mysticete whale abundance and observations on prey association on the central Bering Sea shelf" 3127:

Few dwarf minke whales have been reported taken by whaling operations. Thirteen were caught off

3048:, on the Pacific side of Hokkaido, in the fall. This research program continues to the present. 10266: 10100: 9918: 9801: 9765: 9720: 9605: 9413: 8490: 8472: 7866: 6906:

Christensen, I.; Øien, N. (1990). "Operational patterns of the Norwegian minke whale fishery".

6427: 6419: 5878: 5469:

Towers, J. R.; McMillan, C.J.; Malleson, M.; Hildering, J.; Ford, J.K.B.; Ellis, G. M. (2013).

5337:

Gill, A., Fairbairns, B., and Fairbairns, R. (2000). "Photo-identification of the minke whale (

5054: 4416:) from the west coast of North America: individual recognition and small-scale site fidelity". 3735:

Omura, H. and H. Sakiura. (1956). "Studies on the little piked whale from the coast of Japan".

2114: 1953: 1876: 1440: 1394: 1330: 1318: 874: 716:

from a juvenile specimen that was captured off Italy in 1771. Both were later synonymized with

7568:

Gong, Y. (1987). "A note on the distribution and abundance of minke whales in Korean waters".

5703:

Kasamatsu, F.; Hata, T. (1985). "Notes on minke whales in the Okhotsk Sea-West Pacific area".

886: 10343: 10261: 9027: 9018: 8250: 8030: 6765:"Marine mammal acoustic detections in the northeastern Chukchi Sea, September 2007–July 2011" 4673: 740: 691:, after an 8.3 m (27 ft) pregnant female that was found dead on the north shore of 311: 10253: 5837:"A review of killer whale interactions with other marine mammals: predation to co-existence" 3546: 2429:

Engulfment maneuvers include plunges, oblique, lateral, vertical and ventral lunges. During

1633:

on 8 November. Another, tagged in Faxaflói Bay on 14 September 2004, turned south along the

9965: 9496: 9422: 8660: 8178: 7806: 6840: 6776: 6729: 6688: 6675:

Risch, D.; Clark, C. W.; Dugan, P. J.; Popescu, M.; Siebert, U.; Van Parijs, S. M. (2013).

6654:

Mellinger, D. K., Carson, C. D., and Clark, C. W. (2000). "Characteristics of minke whale (

6609: 5934: 5274: 5120:"Estimates of large whale abundance in West Greenland waters from an aerial survey in 2005" 5084:"Estimates of large whale abundance in Greenlandic waters from a ship-based survey in 2005" 5007: 4894: 3990: 3935: 3183:

poisoning by ingesting northern anchovies – a known domoic acid vector – during an intense

2840:

between 1960 and 1971, with a peak of 32 in 1968. One was also taken off Portugal in 1951.

2747: 2599: 2595: 2388: 2176:

was found on the skin of four whales, while a single whale had the pseudo-stalked barnacle

1821: 1366: 696: 415: 10126: 5960:

Leclerc, L. M.; Lydersen, C.; Haug, T.; Glover, K. A.; Fisk, A. T.; Kovacs, K. M. (2011).

3898: 3881: 3761: 3016: 3010: 2578:

In the North Pacific, what were called "boings" was first described in the mid-1960s from

1943:(13%); on the Pacific side of Hokkaido, they feed almost exclusively on sardine (99%). In 1322: 8: 9837: 9792: 9505: 9233: 8720: 8636: 8627: 8499: 8009: 7989: 7945:"2017–2021 Minke Whale Unusual Mortality Event along the Atlantic Coast | NOAA Fisheries" 6530:) off central California, and the probability of a whale surfacing within visual range". 5421:

Poster presented at the 20th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society in Gdynia

3197: 3193: 2825: 2821: 2698: 2686: 2673: 2669: 2343: 2339: 2335: 2005: 1969: 1931:, with unidentified fish (19%) constituting most of the rest. On the Okhotsk Sea side of 1436: 1291: 1287: 1231: 1159: 550: 450: 139: 7810: 6844: 6780: 6733: 6692: 6613: 5938: 5278: 5011: 4898: 3994: 3939: 3196:. In March 2013, a severely emaciated 3.4 m (11 ft) juvenile male stranded at 2606:– of 2.2 seconds duration (range: 1.4 to 4.2 seconds). Both had peak frequencies of 1.4 2125:

was found on the skin of 6.5 per cent of the whales (M.I. 37), while the pseudo-stalked

1198:. There are occasional sightings and strandings off Spain and Portugal, western Sahara, 9819: 9284: 9275: 9042: 8851: 8842: 8827: 8818: 8678: 8612: 8603: 8547: 8538: 7818: 6357:

Laidre, K. L.; Heagerty, P. J.; Heide-Jørgensen, M. P.; Witting, L.; Simon, M. (2009).

6109: 6078: 6054: 6025: 5946: 5855: 5552: 5183:"Norge får kritikk for hvalfangsten - mens antallet vågehval i norsk farvann bare øker" 5023: 4773: 4607: 4064: 4037: 4013: 3978: 3959: 3460: 3257: 3240: 2947:

in 1969, 1970, and 1976 – the last, a 6.4 m (21 ft) immature female taken at

2917: 2877: 2853: 2772:

Minke whales were first caught off Iceland in 1914 by the powered 4-ton fishing vessel

2492: 2453:

Entrapment/engulfment maneuvers include horizontal, lateral and ventral arcs. During a

2334:

offshore waters increases with latitude, being lowest in the south (less than 40% from

2309: 2223: 1703: 1669: 1634: 1518: 1402: 1283: 1235: 1035:, which usually forms an inverted triangle between the thorax patch and the light gray 709: 700: 609: 391: 186: 8003: 7277:

with some preliminary analysis of data collected during the 1994–1996 JARPN surveys".

4379:

from different areas of the North Atlantic, including animals from Icelandic waters".

2739: 971:

trailing from the blowholes. A thin, light gray, forward-directed chevron, called the

672:(the taxonomic designation for the beaked whale). In 1804, Baron de Lacepede named it 378: 10248: 10204: 10017: 9685: 9367: 9358: 8770: 8687: 8398: 8389: 6856: 6817: 6745: 6621: 6596:

Kot, B. W.; Ramp, C.; Sears, R. (2009). "Decreased feeding ability of a minke whale (

6581: 6431: 6157: 6153: 6114: 6059: 6003:"Great white sharks, blue sharks spotted feasting on minke whale carcass off Ventura" 5892: 5041:

Skaug, H. J.; Øien, N.; Schweder, T.; Bøthun, G. (2004). "Abundance of minke whales (

4910: 4412:

Dorsey, E. M., Stern, S. J., Hoelzel, A. R., and Jacobsen, J. (1990). "Minke whales (

4069: 4018: 3951: 3947: 3903: 3753: 3711: 3562: 3552: 3468: 3045: 2921: 2690: 2563: 2363: 2060: 2032: 2013: 1872: 1871:

for one individual (1.5%). In the North Sea, they primarily fed on sandeel (62%) and

1864: 1362: 1334: 1215: 1000: 899: 890:

Minke whale in the Gulf of St. Lawrence showing scars perhaps caused by killer whales

744: 704: 677: 546: 7865:

Fire, S. E.; Wang, Z.; Berman, M.; Langlois, G. W.; Morton, S. L.; Sekula-Wood, E.;

7774:

Verriopoulou, A.; Tounta, E.; Dendrinos, P. (2001). "First report of a minke whale (

5556: 5027: 4777: 4611: 3963: 3596: 2370:), while smaller animals, especially females, dominate in lower latitudes (e.g. off 1326: 1314: 1087:

extends up from the ventral field, being bordered on each side by light gray double

9620: 9542: 9533: 9523: 9242: 9183: 9068: 8899: 8295: 8277: 8268: 8023: 7882: 7845: 7814: 6848: 6813: 6784: 6737: 6696: 6617: 6576: 6566: 6374: 6261: 6149: 6104: 6094: 6049: 6041: 5981: 5942: 5888: 5851: 5815: 5681:

Mitchell, E (1974). "Preliminary report on Newfoundland fishery for minke whales".

5544: 5482: 5313: 5282: 5245: 5163: 5131: 5095: 5064: 5015: 4902: 4763: 4755: 4599: 4570: 4533: 4059: 4049: 4008: 3998: 3943: 3893: 3614: 3432: 3228: 3185: 3153: 3116: 2367: 2290: 2206: 1961: 1948: 1928: 1837: 1805: 1692: 1556: 1534: 1530: 1514: 1488: 1480: 1464: 1151: 1118: 760: 633: 558: 10022: 6963:

Kapel, F.O. (1978). "Catch of minke whales by fishing vessels in West Greenland".

6944:

Kapel, F.O. (1977). "Catch statistics for minke whales, West Greenland, 1954-74".

5804:), caught in southern Brazilian waters, with a new record of prey for the species" 4038:"Hybrids between common and Antarctic minke whales are fertile and can back-cross" 3179:

In April 2007, a 4.08 m (13.4 ft) juvenile female minke whale died from

1182:

in 1986 and Button Bay in 1990), and they have also been observed occasionally in

1138:

View of a common minke whale underwater, showing the diagnostic white flipper band

111: 10222: 9003: 8985: 8976: 8866: 8481: 8463: 8445: 8313: 7530:

Brownell Jr., R.L. (1981). "Review of coastal whaling by the Republic of Korea".

6363:) in Greenland, and the influence of sea temperature on the sex ratio of catches" 4003: 2865: 2857: 2587: 2236: 2024: 2009: 1912: 1900: 1549: 1468: 1398: 1370: 1279: 1247: 692: 625: 601: 10292: 10178: 10139: 5415:

Morris, C. and Tscherter, U. (2006). "Site fidelity of individual minke whales (

364: 8884: 8651: 8523: 8514: 8361: 8352: 8084: 7968:

Kimura, S.; Nemoto, T. (1956). "Note on a minke whale kept alive in aquarium".

5548: 3478: 3446: 3132: 2940: 2781: 2760: 2282: 2193: 2133: 2132:

was found on the flukes of three whales (M.I. 5.3). A single individual of the

1908: 1753: 1745: 1681: 1346: 1271: 1263: 1251: 1211: 1195: 975:, lies between the pectoral fins. Two light gray to whitish swaths, called the 903: 661: 404: 6789: 6764: 6526:

Stern, J. S. (1992). "Surfacing rates and surfacing patterns of minke whales (

5390:

Tscherter, U. and Morris, C. (2005). "Identifying a majority of minke whales (

5286: 5019: 2450:

the whale exits the water at a 90° angle and while on its back, respectively.

937: 10322: 10121: 9941: 9477: 9302: 8705: 8430: 8379: 8146: 8137: 7886: 6403:

presented at the International Whaling Commission's Icelandic Special Meeting

6379: 6358: 6201:

Murphy, M. A. (1995). "Occurrence and group characteristics of minke whales,

5986: 5961: 3605: 3542: 3277: 3205: 3157: 3105: 3089: 3081: 2965: 2952: 2837: 2785: 2694: 2594:– with a duration of 0.28 seconds (range: 0.15 to 1.6 seconds) followed by a 2351: 2295: 2197: 2102: 2069: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1781: 1655: 1642: 1620: 1607: 1484: 1424: 1382: 1239: 1183: 1155: 911: 838: 825: 807: 794: 570: 159: 154: 62: 6571: 6550: 6099: 5487: 5470: 5136: 5119: 4054: 3566: 1856: 1582: 10061: 9560: 9123: 9114: 9104: 8232: 8112: 8096: 7919:"Beached New Jersey whale tests positive for virus that afflicted dolphins" 7067:

Oshumi, S (1978). "A note on minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan".

6860: 6749: 6161: 6118: 6063: 6045: 5454:

Reports of the International Whaling Commission's Icelandic Special Meeting

5318: 5301: 5250: 5233: 5100: 5083: 4914: 4073: 4022: 3955: 3101: 2984: 2925: 2885: 2302: 2240: 2052: 1965: 1833: 1809: 1749: 1567: 1545: 1538: 1522: 1428: 1354: 1259: 1091:, which extend down from the peduncle field and flank patch, respectively. 907: 729: 511: 500: 273: 7045:

Ohsumi, S (1977). "Catch of minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan".

5400:

Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the European Cetacean Society

3907: 3517:) is the North Pacific form; the dwarf southern hemisphere form is unnamed 2738:

Norwegian catching of minke whales from small fishing vessels started off

1804:. A small percentage of individuals, by decreasing frequency, also fed on 1637:

about two weeks later; its last signal was received on 8 October at about

1444: 10274: 10160: 10082: 9950: 9321: 8562: 8161: 8090: 8015: 4603: 4497:

sensu lato: description, cladistic analysis and taxonomic implications".

3189: 3180: 3145: 3094: 2909: 2793: 2755: 2751: 2731: 2619: 2559: 2375: 2314: 2137: 2119: 2085: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1904: 1884: 1825: 1793: 1789: 1707: 1591: 1571: 1472: 1378: 1267: 1234:, and in the southeastern North Atlantic between 10°40'N and 19°35'N and 786: 773: 496: 288: 243: 37: 10227: 4374: 4128: 3111:

One was caught off British Columbia and taken to the whaling station at

2720: 2486:

principal technique used by M1, M2, and M3 prior to a feeding lunge. An

2150:

on a 5.3 m (17 ft) female caught off the north coast in 2003.

1578: 1302: 1278:, and California and the Canadian province of British Columbia) down to 10074: 8337: 8328: 8286: 8127: 7850: 7833: 7105:

Ohsumi, S (1981). "Minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan, 1979".

7086:

Ohsumi, S (1980). "Minke whales in the coastal waters of Japan, 1978".

6420:"On whale exploitation in the eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean" 6266: 6245: 5820: 5799: 4768: 3085: 2944: 2654: 2546: 2040: 2036: 1940: 1880: 1769: 1741: 1685: 1560: 1526: 1374: 1255: 1199: 1187: 1175: 1163: 1143: 566: 522: 82: 47: 6852: 6741: 6701: 6676: 4906: 3497:

Except population of West Greenland, which is included in Appendix II.

1306: 10087: 10043: 9578: 9440: 8304: 8259: 6223: 5798:

Secchi, E. R.; Barcellos, L.; Zerbini, A. N.; Dalla Rosa, L. (2003).

5654: 4575: 4554: 4538: 4517: 3261: 2817: 2812: 2607: 2583: 2579: 2567: 2318: 2286: 2182:

attached to its skin. All individuals sampled were infected with the

2099: 2092: 2065: 1888: 1875:(nearly 30%), with some feeding on herring (16.2%), small amounts of 1846: 1765: 1420: 1358: 1342: 1219: 1179: 1171: 1107: 991: 942: 898:, and one of the smallest baleen whales (second smallest only to the 621: 593: 203: 87: 9912: 6356: 5167: 5117: 5068: 1992:

off southern Brazil had a stomach almost filled with the euphausiid

963:

at the rear corner of the right lower jaw. An indistinct light gray

10048: 9935: 9339: 9312: 9224: 9165: 8958: 8761: 8078: 8066: 6387: 5372:) in the coastal waters of Faxaflói and Skjálfandi Bays, Iceland". 3285: 3236: 3149: 2913: 2611: 2187: 2183: 2126: 2072: 2028: 1932: 1868: 1286:. During winter, they've been acoustically recorded mainly between 1167: 1147: 1058:

The most prominent features on the dwarf minke whale are the white

923: 764: 518: 223: 125: 77: 72: 57: 52: 42: 30: 6132:

Nichols, O. C.; Tscherter, U. T. (2010). "Feeding of sea lampreys

4944: 4332: 3551:(3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 723–743. 1310: 9385: 9251: 9147: 9138: 8794: 8214: 8047: 6024:

Glover, A. G; Kallstrom, B.; Smith, C. R; Dahlgren, T. G (2005).

5750: 5531:

Olsen, E.; Sunde, J. (2002). "Age determination of minke whales (

5232:

Moore, S. E.; Waite, J. M.; Mazzuca, L. L.; Hobbs, R. C. (2000).

3548:

Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference

3306: 3232: 3169: 2929: 2905: 2710: 2615: 2371: 2356: 2202: 2055: 1944: 1860: 1852: 1841: 1817: 1813: 1801: 1386: 1338: 1227: 1223: 1203: 1191: 918: 895: 507: 263: 253: 92: 67: 10240: 5797: 4993: 4830: 4639:"The Status of Cetaceans in the Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea" 4110:

Report of the Scientific Committee on North Pacific minke whales

3792: 2243:, New Zealand, had a stomach heavily infested with the nematode 2201:

in their small intestine. Other internal parasites included the

1780:

In the North Atlantic, they primarily eat small schooling fish,

9991: 8875: 8072: 8060: 6716:

Oswald, J. N.; Au, W. W.; Duennebier, F. (2011). "Minke whale (

6243: 5468: 3406: 3386: 3346: 3265: 3173: 3165: 3128: 2924:), which was abandoned by the mid-1970s. Few were taken on the 2873: 2869: 2861: 2805: 2801: 2743: 1792:

they fed almost exclusively on members of the euphausiid genus

1677: 1298: 1275: 1243: 1207: 725: 233: 213: 7831: 7313:

Program under a special permit in the North pacific in 1998".

6397:) in Icelandic waters based on catch data from 1974 to 2009". 5734:

Perrin, W. F., Bernd G. Würsig, and J. G. M. Thewissen. 2009.

4436: 4236:

Paper SC/58/O10 submitted to the 58th IWC Scientific Committee

4194:

Paper SC/56/O14 submitted to the 56th IWC Scientific Committee

1968:

region they have been observed feeding on baitfish – probably

1723: 1698:

Four dwarf minke whales were attached with satellite tags off

1270:

in the north. In the eastern North Pacific, they occur in the

10287: 9459: 9450: 9349: 6925:

Sigurjónsson, J (1982). "Icelandic minke whaling 1914-1980".

6174: 5608: 5045:) in the Northeast Atlantic: variability in time and space". 4492: 4288:

Paper SC/60/O7 submitted to the 60th IWC Scientific Committee

4274:

Paper SC/60/O6 submitted to the 60th IWC scientific Committee

4250:

Paper SC/59/O6 submitted to the 59th IWC scientific Committee

4222:

Paper SC/58/09 Submitted to the 58th IWC Scientific Committee

4208:

Paper SC/57/O4 submitted to the 57th IWC Scientific Committee

4177:

Paper SC/55/O8 submitted to the 55th IWC Scientific Committee

3161: 3077: 2622: 2555: 2153:

In the St. Lawrence Estuary of eastern Canada, sea lampreys (

2039:

have also been observed feeding on a minke whale carcass off

1785: 1728: 1680:, while its last signal was received on 5 December along the 1673: 1350: 1230:, the Antilles, the east coast of the United States south of 1134: 748: 176: 170: 6720:) boings detected at the Station ALOHA Cabled Observatory". 6023: 5446: 5082:

Heide-Jørgensen, M. P.; Simon, M. J.; Laidre, K. L. (2007).

4849:

Leatherwood, S., Stewart, B. S., and Folkens, P. A. (1987).

4741: 4700:

Mitchell, E. D. (1991). "Winter records of the minke whale (

4626:

Twentieth annual conference of the European Cetacean Society

3276:

The common minke whale is considered "Least Concern" on the

2192:

in their stomachs (sometimes their small intestine) and the

2108:

was also found attached to 22 (6.6%) of a sub-sample of 332

1222:(1880 and 1926). During the winter it has been recorded off 1027:. The nape field, in turn, extends even further down into a 9395: 8803: 7997: 7773: 7589:

Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences

4746:(Cetacea: Balaenopteridae), in nearshore Hawaiian waters". 4656:"Current knowledge of the cetacean fauna of the Greek Seas" 4307:

Christensen, I (1981). "Age determination of minke whales,

3366: 2701:). They also produce downswept calls of 250 to 50 Hz. 2322: 1390: 6634:

Edds-Walton, P. L. (2000). "Vocalisations of minke whales

5212: 5081: 4851:

Cetaceans of the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary

2164:

anchored into their skin and blubber – the goose barnacle

2075:

to feed on the bones of whales that fall to the seafloor.

967:

may be present, and a few individuals can have pale, thin

525:

period (age range: 3.6 million years ago to present day).

8428: 7640: 5959: 5659:) in Icelandic waters – Consequence of climate change?". 5113: 5111: 4971:

Arnold, P. W. (1997). "Occurrence of dwarf minke whales (

4760:

10.2984/1534-6188(2007)61[395:avsaad]2.0.co;2

3440: 3088:

from March to April. From there, catches extended to the

2590:, in the 1950s. They consist of a brief pulse – called a 7702: 7511:

Gong, Y (1981). "Minke whales in the waters off Korea".

6250:) off the eastern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil" 3660:

The cruise of the 'Antarctic' to the South Polar regions

2235:

An immature male dwarf minke whale that stranded on the

2226:, while three had individuals of the commensal barnacle 8110: 7796: 6762: 6034:

Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

5367: 5040: 4808:

Ivashin, M. V.; Votrogov, L. M. (1981). "Minke whales,

3920: 3879: 3788: 3786: 3784: 3782: 2988:

and two to three sighting/sampling vessels – including

2742:, western Norway, in the 1920s. It had spread north to 2442:

the whale breaks the surface on its side, while during

1768:, but their diet also includes pelagic crustaceans and 1454:

say that these estimates are 50% higher than previous.

1023:

and a light gray, triangular, usually forwardly peaked

882:, showing the blowholes and dorsal fin at the same time 7864: 7767: 7196: 6674: 6498: 6496: 6494: 6492: 6490: 5924: 5569: 5231: 5108: 5075: 4803: 4801: 4035: 3976: 7825: 6548: 6217: 5773: 5264: 5149: 5147: 4355: 4262:

submitted to the 59th IWC Scientific Committee, 43pp.

4108:

Ivashin, M. (1992). "USSR catch and sightings data".

3748:

Boertman, David. (2007). "Greenland red list", p.60.

1935:

they mainly feed on euphausiids (55%), but also take

1094:

A variably shaped, thin, light gray line, called the

7698: 7696: 6899: 6555:, in the Saguenay-St. Lawrence National Marine Park" 6549:

Kuker, K. J.; Thomson, J. A.; Tscherter, U. (2005).

6426:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. pp. 6125: 6070: 5835:

Jefferson, T. A.; Stacey, P.J.; Baird, R.W. (1991).

5834: 5828: 5746: 5744: 5698: 5696: 5604: 5602: 4812:, inhabiting inshore waters of the Chukotka coast". 4460: 4458: 4456: 4311:, from laminated structures in the tympanic bulla". 3779: 3422: 3235:

given to it – though it may have fed on a school of

2418:

Unlike circles, surface traces are rarely apparent.

930:

0.84 to 8.35 metric tons, 0.93 to 9.20 short tons).

517:

This species is known in the fossil record from the

7970:

Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute

7750: 7715: 6830: 6803: 6487: 5535:) using the aspartic acid racemization technique". 5409: 5384: 5208: 5206: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4843: 4798: 4124: 4122: 4120: 4118: 3979:"Migration of Antarctic minke whales to the Arctic" 3860:

Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute

3856: 3831:

Scientific Reports of the Whales Research Institute

3731: 3729: 3727: 2935:In 1973 a duel factory-catcher boat was built, the 1980:In the Southern Ocean, dwarf minkes feed mainly on 1800:), but nearly a fifth also fed on small amounts of 1555:In the Monterey Bay area, Range A was north of the 7990:Smithsonian Institution – North American Mammals: 7613: 6715: 6648: 5648: 5436:) off the Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada". 5293: 5144: 5047:Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 4975:) on the northern Great Barrier Reef, Australia". 4583: 4432: 4430: 4328: 4326: 4302: 4300: 4298: 4296: 4187: 4185: 4170: 4168: 3100:A small number of minke whales were caught by the 2672:, while the latter has only been recorded east of 724:a "diminutive form" based on specimens caught off 7961: 7893: 7731: 7693: 7594: 7450: 7432: 7306: 7288: 7202: 6918: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5741: 5693: 5599: 5526: 5524: 4921: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4482: 4480: 4453: 4408: 4406: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4398: 4396: 4394: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3846: 3844: 2896:at 450 horsepower. The largest was the 47.77-ton 2746:by 1932 and all along the Norwegian coast and to 10320: 7654: 7468: 6880: 6833:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 6824: 6797: 6722:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 6551:"Novel surface feeding tactics of minke whales, 6312: 6293: 6274: 6131: 6076: 5800:"Biological observation on a dwarf minke whale ( 5361: 5203: 4873: 4704:Lacepede 1804) in the southern North Atlantic". 4546: 4368: 4115: 3880:Árnason, Ú.; Gullberg, A.; Widegren, B. (1993). 3724: 7740:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7705:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7663:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7644:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7603:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7570:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7551:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7532:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7513:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7414: 7396: 7378: 7360: 7342: 7324: 7270: 7252: 7234: 7224:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7215: 7205:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7186:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7164:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7145:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7126:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7107:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7088:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7069:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7047:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7023:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 7004:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6984:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6965:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6946:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6927:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6908:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6905: 6889:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6756: 6709: 6628: 6532:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6477:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6458:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6350: 6340:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6331: 6321:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6302:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6283:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 6237: 6227:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5953: 5776:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5769: 5767: 5754:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5705:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5683:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5676: 5674: 5661:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 5632:Jonsgård, A (1982). "The food of minke whales ( 5627: 5625: 5348: 5343:Report to the Hebridean Whale and Dolphin Trust 5333: 5331: 5329: 5258: 5215:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4987: 4977:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4951:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4938: 4864:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4814:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4807: 4725:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4706:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4618: 4427: 4418:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4381:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4339:Reports of the International Whaling Commission 4323: 4293: 4279: 4255: 4227: 4213: 4199: 4182: 4165: 3914: 2796:, with the season lasting from June to August. 1919:(found in 61 per cent of sampled stomachs) and 1684:, 1,000 km (620 mi) northwest of the 7790: 7678: 7676: 7580: 7542: 7486: 7062: 7060: 7040: 7038: 7036: 6668: 6542: 6502: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6413: 6411: 6196: 6194: 6181:Report of the International Whaling Commission 6168: 6079:"Epibiotic macrofauna on common minke whales, 6017: 5862: 5786: 5638:Report of the International Whaling Commission 5521: 5426: 5299: 5153: 4856: 4824: 4784: 4735: 4716: 4589: 4509: 4477: 4391: 4358:Report of the International Whaling Commission 4313:Report of the International Whaling Commission 4155:Report of the International Whaling Commission 4131:Report of the International Whaling Commission 4092:Report of the International Whaling Commission 4029: 3970: 3841: 3056:, only 18.3 tons and a mere 45 horsepower, to 2305:by breaching eight times in rapid succession. 1114:– "parallel, dark, usually vertical stripes". 894:The common minke whale is the smallest of the 683:In 1872, the American whaleman and naturalist 8031: 7858: 7634: 7600: 7523: 6994: 6875:The grandest of lives: eye to eye with whales 6867: 5702: 5563: 5504:"Minke route pits whale hunt against tourism" 5501: 5464: 5462: 5358:(Doctoral dissertation, Aberdeen University). 5225: 5034: 4966: 4964: 4464: 4265: 3620:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T2474A50348265.en 3008:was enlarged to 8,030 gross tons in 2006 and 2982:of the 7,198 to 7,575 gross ton factory ship 2660:Boings have been divided into two types: the 1988:in its stomach. An immature male caught in a 1672:, 900 km (560 mi) west of northern 7967: 7737: 7529: 7179: 7177: 6924: 6595: 6589: 6417: 6359:"Sexual segregation of common minke whales ( 6000: 5918: 5764: 5671: 5622: 5326: 4887:Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 4884: 4693: 4552: 4349: 4241: 3536: 2668:. The former has only been recorded west of 1174:during summer. There are a few records from 1039:. This flank patch can be separated into an 941:Minke whale's size relative to a Zodiac off 7673: 7660: 7117: 7098: 7079: 7057: 7033: 6886: 6658:) pulse trains recorded near Puerto Rico". 6444: 6408: 6318: 6299: 6280: 6191: 5612:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 5576:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 5374:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 4833:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 4443:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 4306: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4102: 4085: 4083: 3824: 3822: 3820: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3799:Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 3672: 3670: 3668: 3594: 2526:Pulse trains recorded in the North Atlantic 2276:Common minke whale breaching off the Azores 2078: 1764:Common minke whales have been described as 1479:; a few sightings were also made along the 1301:(June to February, including the states of 8045: 8038: 8024: 7907:, Liège, Belgium, 5–9 April 2014. pp. 168. 7221: 6975: 6956: 6937: 6519: 6337: 6205:, in Massachusetts Bay and Cape Cod Bay". 6026:"World-wide whale worms? A new species of 5994: 5970:) whaling operations in Svalbard (Norway)" 5868: 5715: 5594:The Natural History of Whales and Dolphins 5530: 5459: 4961: 4722: 4515: 3750:Greenland Government and Aarhus University 1597: 1294:in the eastern and central North Pacific. 377: 363: 148: 124: 110: 10374:Taxa named by Bernard Germain de Lacépède 9531: 9485: 7942: 7916: 7849: 7838:Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 7625:presented at the pre-JARPA review meeting 7561: 7548: 7504: 7499:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7481:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7463:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7445:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7427:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7409:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7391:submitted to the IWC Scientific Committee 7373:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7355:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7319:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7301:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7283:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7265:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7247:presented to the IWC Scientific Committee 7174: 7155: 7136: 7014: 6788: 6700: 6580: 6570: 6468: 6378: 6265: 6254:Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 6246:"Summer sightings of dwarf minke whales ( 6108: 6098: 6053: 5985: 5882: 5819: 5808:Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals 5586: 5486: 5317: 5249: 5135: 5099: 5058: 4998:subsp.) around the Antarctic Peninsula". 4767: 4574: 4537: 4063: 4053: 4012: 4002: 3897: 3701: 3699: 3642:"Fossilworks: Balaenoptera acutorostrata" 3618: 3537:Mead, J. G.; Brownell, R. L. Jr. (2005). 1879:(10.8%), copepods, haddock, capelin, and 1106:may be present behind the opening of the 612:: "bay whale"). In Japan they are called 7723:Journal of the Fisheries Board of Canada 7000: 5899: 5680: 5631: 5434:Balaenoptera acutorostrata acutorostrata 4699: 4141: 4080: 3809: 3766: 3683: 3665: 3245: 3122: 2719: 2679: 2271: 2172:on three of the whales. The whale louse 1975: 1923:(18%) are consumed east of the southern 1851:), Atlantic cod, copepods, euphausiids, 1832:) in the former area – haddock (12.5%), 1772:and varies by region, season, and year. 1722: 1513:of 55 whales were identified, 30 in the 1238:and 20°05'W. In the western and central 1133: 1015:. This spinal field extends down into a 990: 936: 885: 873: 863: 555:The mammals of Great Britain and Ireland 527: 9310: 5180: 3705: 3652: 1581:Bay, on the southwest coast, and 61 in 1047:by a dark triangular or even wave-like 10321: 9448: 8387: 7938: 7936: 7367:Pacific-phase II (JARPN II) in 2001". 7123: 7104: 7085: 7066: 7044: 6507:) in the St. Lawrence River estuary". 6455: 6200: 6140:in the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada". 6077:Ólafsdóttir, D.; Shinn, A. P. (2013). 5636:) in northern North Atlantic waters". 5341:) around the Isle of Mull, Scotland". 4970: 4175:survey off Kushiro, northeast Japan". 3875: 3873: 3776:. Washington: Smithsonian institution. 3696: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3578: 3576: 3271: 3243:had been introduced to the same pool. 1494: 1452:Norwegian Institute of Marine Research 9917: 9916: 8427: 8109: 8019: 7873:) stranding in southern California". 7778:Lacepede, 1804) in Hellenic waters". 7493:2012 (part I) – Offshore component". 7337:presented to the JARPN review meeting 6981: 6962: 6943: 6525: 5738:. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press. 5537:Sarsia: North Atlantic Marine Science 3899:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040061 2398: 2381: 2146:were found attached to a specimen of 1952:Alaska pollock (7.8% in sub-area 7), 1297:The dwarf form has been recorded off 736:) lacked these contrasting markings. 10215:7ac83053-2b9a-4f92-ace6-9670d3884117 9347: 7567: 7510: 7183: 7161: 7142: 7020: 6600:) with entanglement-like injuries". 6474: 6083:Lacépède, 1804, in Icelandic waters" 5905: 4853:. National Marine Sanctuary Program. 4810:Balaenoptera acutorostrata davidsoni 4793:The Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life 4152: 4089: 3828: 3256:Common minke whale breaching in the 3000:(812.08 gross tons, 1995–1999), and 1566:During a study conducted around the 1529:from 1984 to 1987, and eight in the 10329:IUCN Red List least concern species 9393: 7933: 7762:Final Report to Scottish Government 6001:Thomas, Pete (September 30, 2013). 5502:Darby, Andrew (November 30, 2013). 4516:Abraham, K. F.; Lim, B. K. (1990). 3870: 3678:The whalebone whales of New England 3606:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 3573: 3530: 2868:(about 1951), on the west coast of 2852:GRT caught the first minkes out of 2715: 2507: 1775: 540: 510:and the second smallest species of 13: 7819:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb00980.x 6424:The Whale Problem: A Status Report 5947:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01254.x 5856:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1991.tb00291.x 4795:(pp. 149-153). Springer, New York. 4553:Pattie, D. L.; Webber, M. (1992). 3139: 2860:(1938), on the northeast coast of 2843: 2836:A total of 97 were caught off the 2830:Royal Greenland Trading Department 2573: 2514: 1894: 870:Skeleton of the Common minke whale 576:It has formerly been known as the 534:Balaenoptera acutorostrata cuvieri 506:It is the smallest species of the 133:Size compared to an average human 14: 10385: 10364:Extant Pliocene first appearances 10036:balaenoptera-acutorostrata-subspp 9060:Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin ( 7983: 5300:Williams, R.; Thomas, L. (2007). 3634: 1836:(8.3%), polar cod, Atlantic cod, 1413: 880:Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park 7910: 6818:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00611.x 6622:10.1111/j.1748-7692.2009.00285.x 6154:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02842.x 6030:from the shallow north Atlantic" 5893:10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00118.x 5419:) in the St. Lawrence estuary". 4555:"First record of a minke whale, 4499:Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 3948:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2007.03244.x 3453: 3439: 3425: 3398: 3378: 3358: 3338: 3318: 3298: 3040:(32 gross tons, 2002–2012), and 2996:(758.33 gross tons, 1994–1998), 2992:(739.92 gross tons, 1994–1999), 2766:International Whaling Commission 2693:, Queensland (27°30'S), and off 2545:Problems playing this file? See 2530: 2502: 1507: 1457: 953: 190: 35: 10354:Cetaceans of the Atlantic Ocean 9201:Indo-Pacific finless porpoise ( 9078:Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin ( 8926:Indian Ocean humpback dolphin ( 8917:Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin ( 5728: 5495: 5181:Budalen, Andreas (2021-12-11). 5174: 4648: 4631: 3886:Molecular Biology and Evolution 3742: 3032:(47.31 gross tons, 2002–2012), 2247:and cysts of the cestode genus 1788:. A 2007 study showed that off 1718: 1124: 1019:, which separates a light gray 864: 10359:Cetaceans of the Pacific Ocean 8747:Southern right whale dolphin ( 8738:Northern right whale dolphin ( 8670:Atlantic white-sided dolphin ( 7943:Fisheries, NOAA (2021-03-08). 6681:Marine Ecology Progress Series 6638:in the St. Lawrence estuary". 6367:ICES Journal of Marine Science 5736:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals 5396:European research on cetaceans 3500: 3491: 2978:, was a special permit catch. 2769:with 464 being taken in 2012. 2328: 2046: 1361:(March to December, including 1349:and Goree Passage of southern 1218:, with a few records from the 1190:. They have been recorded off 854: 1: 10339:Cetaceans of the Arctic Ocean 9784:Deraniyagala's beaked whale ( 9757:Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale ( 8968:Pantropical spotted dolphin ( 8935:Australian humpback dolphin ( 8697:Pacific white-sided dolphin ( 7728:(5): 521-528 (abstract only). 7259:analysis of data collected". 6877:. Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint. 6873:Chadwick, Douglas H. (2008). 6665:(4): 739-756 (abstract only). 6559:The Canadian Field-Naturalist 5966:) scavenge offal from minke ( 5443:(4): 454-463 (abstract only). 3524: 3213:Unusual Mortality Event (UME) 2892:(1978–1986) to the 36.99-ton 2759:by 1966 they had reached the 2267: 2019: 1521:from 1980 to 1984, 17 in the 1502: 1408: 1194:and occur year-round off the 986: 948: 769:Antarctic Circumpolar Current 754: 8780:Australian snubfin dolphin ( 8188:North Atlantic right whale ( 4949:along the Brazilian coast". 4933:JMBA2 – Biodiversity Records 4337:Lacepede, 1804, in Brazil". 4004:10.1371/journal.pone.0015197 3509:is the North Atlantic form; 3222: 3217:Marine Mammal Protection Act 3064:– each nearly 99 tons – and 3036:(32 gross tons, 2002–2010), 2475:Saguenay Fjord National Park 2213:Diplogonoporus balaenopterae 1999: 616:("little sardine whale") or 7: 9730:Blainville's beaked whale ( 9671:Tropical bottlenose whale ( 9647:Southern bottlenose whale ( 9638:Northern bottlenose whale ( 9087:Common bottlenose dolphin ( 8944:Atlantic humpback dolphin ( 8197:North Pacific right whale ( 7917:Ly, Laura (June 12, 2014). 6645:(1): 31-50 (abstract only). 5592:Evans, Peter G. H. (1987). 5156:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4467:New Zealand Natural Science 3737:Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. 3474:List of whale vocalizations 3418: 2262: 1972:, which is abundant there. 1487:. In the coastal waters of 674:Balaenoptera acuto-rostrata 651: 290:minke whale species complex 10: 10390: 9997:balaenoptera-acutorostrata 9984:Balaenoptera_acutorostrata 9971:Balaenoptera_acutorostrata 9957:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 9927:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 9829:Stejneger's beaked whale ( 9210:Yangtze finless porpoise ( 8995:Atlantic spotted dolphin ( 8580:Short-finned pilot whale ( 7992:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 7901:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 7871:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 7776:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6769:Continental Shelf Research 6718:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6656:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6636:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6598:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6553:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6528:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6505:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6422:. In W.E. Schevill (ed.). 6395:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6361:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6248:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6203:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6177:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6138:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 6081:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5968:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5802:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5657:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5634:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5572:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5549:10.1080/003648202753631686 5533:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5417:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5392:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5370:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5339:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 5043:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4996:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4973:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4929:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4744:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4702:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4557:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4520:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4495:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4439:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4414:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4377:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4335:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 4309:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3924:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3795:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3706:Scammon, Charles (1968) . 3599:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3411:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3391:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3371:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3351:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3331:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3311:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 3291: 3020:(742 gross tons) replaced 2708: 2704: 2068:. This genus of worm uses 1733:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 1713: 1393:, and as far south as the 1337:) from 2°44'S to 33°35'S, 1011:lies above an ivory white 779: 656: 492:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 321:Balaenoptera acutorostrata 10334:Mammals described in 1804 9925: 9874: 9862:Shepherd's beaked whale ( 9850: 9683: 9659: 9618: 9576: 9559: 9522: 9476: 9439: 9405:Araguaian river dolphin ( 9384: 9338: 9301: 9273: 9222: 9181: 9164: 9136: 9112: 9103: 9040: 9016: 8956: 8897: 8864: 8840: 8816: 8792: 8759: 8718: 8649: 8625: 8601: 8589:Long-finned pilot whale ( 8560: 8536: 8512: 8461: 8444: 8440: 8423: 8378: 8350: 8326: 8230: 8213: 8159: 8135: 8126: 8122: 8105: 8055: 6790:10.1016/j.csr.2013.07.009 5508:The Sydney Morning Herald 5287:10.1016/j.dsr.2006.08.009 5020:10.1007/s00300-010-0884-y 4563:Canadian Field-Naturalist 4526:Canadian Field-Naturalist 3693:. Alfred Knopf, New York. 3202:Atlantic City, New Jersey 2882:short-finned pilot whales 1477:Islands of Four Mountains 1353:(February to April), off 632:("herring thresher"). In 397: 390: 385: 376: 372:Common minke whale range 371: 362: 340: 335: 317: 310: 187:Scientific classification 185: 168: 146: 137: 132: 123: 118: 109: 23: 9748:Gervais's beaked whale ( 9703:Sowerby's beaked whale ( 9414:Bolivian river dolphin ( 7887:10.1578/am.36.4.2010.342 7684:IWC Scientific Committee 7349:II (JARPN II) in 2000". 5987:10.3402/polar.v30i0.7342 5354:Baumgartner, N. (2008). 3662:. London: Edward Arnold. 3545:; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). 3484: 2872:; and to Wakasa Bay and 2229:Xenobalanus globicipitis 2130:Xenobalanus globicipitis 2079:Parasites and epibiotics 1820:. Capelin dominated off 1129: 917:The longest measured by 695:in October 1870 in then 685:Charles Melville Scammon 644:(Common Minke whale) or 596:. They were also called 573:between 1868 and 1885." 431:Balaenoptera eschrichtii 386:Dwarf minke whale range 9886:Cuvier's beaked whale ( 9811:Perrin's beaked whale ( 9775:Hector's beaked whale ( 9739:Ramari's beaked whale ( 9712:Andrews' beaked whale ( 9588:Arnoux's beaked whale ( 9261:Burmeister's porpoise ( 9028:Rough-toothed dolphin ( 8452:(Oceanic dolphins) 8251:Antarctic minke whale ( 8008:genome assembly in the 6572:10.22621/cfn.v119i2.109 6142:Journal of Fish Biology 6100:10.1186/1756-3305-6-105 6087:Parasites & Vectors 5964:Somniosus microcephalus 5488:10.47536/jcrm.v13i3.539 5475:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 5306:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 5238:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 5137:10.47536/jcrm.v10i2.646 5124:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 5088:J. Cetacean Res. Manage 4935:published online: 2 pp. 4931:) in northern Brazil". 4592:Northeastern Naturalist 4522:, record for James Bay" 4055:10.1186/1471-2156-14-25 3115:, on the west coast of 2649:urvey) survey, the R/V 2602:long call – called the 2342:) and highest north of 2012:, in 1977 and again in 1759: 1598:Migration and movements 859: 499:within the suborder of 9597:Baird's beaked whale ( 9497:Ganges river dolphin ( 9423:Amazon river dolphin ( 8804:Orca or killer whale ( 8728:(Right whale dolphins) 8661:White-beaked dolphin ( 8179:Southern right whale ( 7688:Available from the IWC 7591:No. 2396. viii +76 pp. 6380:10.1093/icesjms/fsp191 6046:10.1098/rspb.2005.3275 6005:. Pete Thomas Outdoors 5319:10.47536/jcrm.v9i1.688 5251:10.47536/jcrm.v2i3.912 5101:10.47536/jcrm.v9i2.686 4681:Cite journal requires 4441:) in Chilean waters". 3689:Ellis, Richard. 1980. 3268: 3204:, tested positive for 2920:, in Tsuruga Bay, and 2725: 2618:with reference to one 2519: 2277: 2168:was found attached to 2115:Pennella balaenopterae 1736: 1395:South Shetland Islands 1139: 996: 945: 891: 883: 871: 689:Balaenoptera davidsoni 624:they are known by the 537: 536:from Pliocene of Italy 458:Balaenoptera davidsoni 10262:Paleobiology Database 9838:Spade-toothed whale ( 9802:True's beaked whale ( 9793:Strap-toothed whale ( 9766:Gray's beaked whale ( 9721:Hubbs' beaked whale ( 9606:Sato's beaked whale ( 9506:Indus river dolphin ( 9234:Spectacled porpoise ( 9050:(Bottlenose dolphins) 8491:Heaviside's dolphin ( 8473:Commerson's dolphin ( 8278:Pygmy Bryde's whale ( 7867:Benitez-Nelson, C. R. 7799:Marine Mammal Science 6806:Marine Mammal Science 6660:Marine Mammal Science 6602:Marine Mammal Science 6582:10536/DRO/DU:30102848 6418:Jonsgard, A. (1974). 5927:Marine Mammal Science 5189:(in Norwegian Bokmål) 4559:, in Manitoba waters" 4112:(Appendix 7), p. 168. 3763:(retrieved 2014.5.21) 3676:Allen, G. M. (1916). 3282:Pacific Cetaceans MOU 3255: 3014:(747 gross tons) and 2820:district, 70°45'N to 2723: 2518: 2275: 1954:minimal armhook squid 1859:, while the diet off 1726: 1210:and a vagrant in the 1206:. It is rare off the 1137: 1045:posterior flank patch 994: 940: 889: 877: 869: 741:Antarctic minke whale 640:(Whitewing Rorcual), 531: 303:B. acutorostrata 10369:Mammals of Greenland 9820:Pygmy beaked whale ( 9693:(Mesoplodont whales) 8852:False killer whale ( 8828:Melon-headed whale ( 8548:Pygmy killer whale ( 8242:Common minke whale ( 5723:NAMMCO/SC/16/MMFI/07 4604:10.1656/045.018.0309 4518:"First minke whale, 3772:True, F. W. (1904). 3658:Bull, H. J. (1896). 3613:: e.T2474A50348265. 3595:Cooke, J.G. (2018). 3034:Sumitomo Maru No. 31 2898:Sumitomo Maru No. 31 2582:recordings made off 2389:Gulf of St. Lawrence 2198:Bolbosoma nipponicum 2123:Cyamus balaenopterae 2112:s. Another copepod, 1958:Ammodytes hexapterus 1824:and in the southern 1441:Gulf of St. Lawrence 1262:in the south to the 1158:and as far south as 1072:distal flipper patch 1051:. Finally, the dark 961:white mandible blaze 767:which disrupted the 712:described and named 697:Washington Territory 687:described and named 620:("minke whale"). In 604:: "dwarf whale") or 487:northern minke whale 119:A dwarf minke whale 10349:Cetaceans of Europe 9628:(Bottlenose whales) 9368:Dwarf sperm whale ( 9359:Pygmy sperm whale ( 9191:(Finless porpoises) 8907:(Humpback dolphins) 8771:Irrawaddy dolphin ( 8688:Hourglass dolphin ( 8399:Pygmy right whale ( 8010:UCSC Genome Browser 7811:2001MMamS..17...35L 6845:2001ASAJ..109.3038G 6781:2013CSR....67..127H 6734:2011ASAJ..129.3353O 6693:2013MEPS..489..279R 6614:2009MMamS..25..706K 6040:(1581): 2587–2592. 5962:"Greenland sharks ( 5939:2005MMamS..21..603F 5908:Norsk Hvalfangsttid 5279:2006DSRI...53.1772Z 5012:2011PoBio..34..313A 4899:2005ASAJ..118.3346R 3995:2010PLoSO...515197G 3940:2007MolEc..16.1481P 3507:B. a. acutorostrata 3272:Conservation status 3241:bottlenose dolphins 3198:Nieuwpoort, Belgium 3194:Southern California 3123:Southern Hemisphere 2962: / 2878:giant beaked whales 2697:, New South Wales ( 2680:Southern Hemisphere 2600:amplitude modulated 2224:cookiecutter sharks 2006:Kamchatka Peninsula 1976:Southern Hemisphere 1877:Mueller's pearlside 1652: / 1617: / 1495:Southern Hemisphere 1381:(March to August), 878:Minke whale in the 835: / 804: / 642:Ballena minke común 590:sharp-headed finner 551:John Guille Millais 469:Sibbaldius mondinii 344:B. a. acutorostrata 140:Conservation status 9543:La Plata dolphin ( 9243:Harbour porpoise ( 9212:N. asiaeorientalis 9069:Burrunan dolphin ( 8637:Fraser's dolphin ( 8500:Hector's dolphin ( 7851:10.5597/lajam00109 6267:10.5597/lajam00030 6134:Petromyzon marinus 5821:10.5597/lajam00039 4628:(poster abstract). 3691:The Book of Whales 3461:Marine life portal 3327:Trachea and Larynx 3269: 3258:St. Lawrence River 3030:Taisho Maru No. 28 2966:32.400°N 172.550°E 2726: 2651:David Starr Jordan 2586:, California, and 2520: 2493:Laurentian Channel 2488:exhale on the dive 2399:Feeding techniques 2382:Surfacing sequence 2310:Great Barrier Reef 2278: 2106:Udonella caligorum 2089:Petromyzon marinus 2033:Great white sharks 1737: 1704:Great Barrier Reef 1670:Mid-Atlantic Ridge 1403:Bellingshausen Sea 1284:Gulf of California 1242:, they range from 1140: 997: 946: 892: 884: 872: 714:Sibbaldius mondini 710:Giovanni Capellini 666:Fauna Groenlandica 578:little piked whale 538: 495:) is a species of 483:common minke whale 447:Agaphelus gibbosus 439:Pterobalaena minor 24:Common minke whale 10316: 10315: 10249:Open Tree of Life 9919:Taxon identifiers 9910: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9902: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9696: 9631: 9570: 9555: 9554: 9518: 9517: 9472: 9471: 9435: 9434: 9380: 9379: 9334: 9333: 9297: 9296: 9285:Dall's porpoise ( 9194: 9175: 9160: 9159: 9099: 9098: 9053: 9004:Spinner dolphin ( 8986:Striped dolphin ( 8977:Clymene dolphin ( 8910: 8731: 8679:Peale's dolphin ( 8613:Risso's dolphin ( 8573: 8482:Chilean dolphin ( 8455: 8434: 8419: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8411: 8410: 8374: 8373: 8224: 8209: 8208: 8172: 8116: 6853:10.1121/1.1371763 6742:10.1121/1.3575555 6702:10.3354/meps10426 6437:978-0-674-95075-7 6373:(10): 2253–2266. 5273:(11): 1772–1790. 5267:Deep-Sea Research 4907:10.1121/1.2046747 4644:. 13 August 2021. 3928:Molecular Ecology 3758:978-87-990586-2-4 3717:978-0-486-21976-9 3558:978-0-8018-8221-0 3469:List of cetaceans 3253: 3022:Toshi Maru No. 25 3017:Yūshin Maru No. 3 3011:Yūshin Maru No. 2 2994:Toshi Maru No. 18 2990:Toshi Maru No. 25 2691:Stradbroke Island 2564:Massachusetts Bay 2535: 2096:Caligus elongatus 2061:Osedax mucofloris 2051:A new species of 1994:Euphausia similis 1917:Japanese mackerel 1873:Atlantic mackerel 1557:deep-water canyon 1363:Western Australia 1357:(May to August), 1335:Rio Grande do Sol 1216:Mediterranean Sea 1033:dark thorax field 1029:dark throat patch 1001:dwarf minke whale 900:Pygmy right whale 808:78.033°N 11.717°E 745:mitochondrial DNA 705:Port Townsend Bay 703:) and towed into 678:Cherbourg, France 638:Rorcual aliblanco 547:Henrik Johan Bull 479: 478: 473: 465: 454: 443: 435: 427: 419: 408: 180: 163: 16:Species of mammal 10381: 10309: 10308: 10296: 10295: 10283: 10282: 10270: 10269: 10257: 10256: 10244: 10243: 10231: 10230: 10218: 10217: 10208: 10207: 10195: 10194: 10182: 10181: 10179:NHMSYS0000080192 10169: 10168: 10156: 10155: 10143: 10142: 10130: 10129: 10117: 10116: 10104: 10103: 10091: 10090: 10078: 10077: 10065: 10064: 10052: 10051: 10039: 10038: 10026: 10025: 10013: 10012: 10000: 9999: 9987: 9986: 9974: 9973: 9961: 9960: 9959: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9914: 9913: 9695: 9694: 9690: 9630: 9629: 9625: 9574: 9573: 9569: 9568: 9564: 9529: 9528: 9483: 9482: 9446: 9445: 9407:I. araguaiaensis 9391: 9390: 9345: 9344: 9324:P. macrocephalus 9308: 9307: 9193: 9192: 9188: 9179: 9178: 9174: 9173: 9169: 9110: 9109: 9052: 9051: 9047: 8909: 8908: 8904: 8885:Guiana dolphin ( 8730: 8729: 8725: 8582:G. macrorhynchus 8572: 8571: 8567: 8524:Common dolphin ( 8459: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8442: 8441: 8433:(Toothed whales) 8432: 8425: 8424: 8385: 8384: 8362:Humpback whale ( 8244:B. acutorostrata 8228: 8227: 8223: 8222: 8218: 8171: 8170: 8166: 8133: 8132: 8124: 8123: 8114: 8107: 8106: 8040: 8033: 8026: 8017: 8016: 7978: 7977: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7955: 7940: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7926: 7914: 7908: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7862: 7856: 7855: 7853: 7829: 7823: 7822: 7794: 7788: 7787: 7771: 7765: 7754: 7748: 7747: 7735: 7729: 7719: 7713: 7712: 7700: 7691: 7680: 7671: 7670: 7658: 7652: 7651: 7638: 7632: 7617: 7611: 7610: 7598: 7592: 7584: 7578: 7577: 7565: 7559: 7558: 7546: 7540: 7539: 7527: 7521: 7520: 7508: 7502: 7490: 7484: 7472: 7466: 7454: 7448: 7436: 7430: 7418: 7412: 7400: 7394: 7382: 7376: 7364: 7358: 7346: 7340: 7328: 7322: 7310: 7304: 7292: 7286: 7274: 7268: 7256: 7250: 7238: 7232: 7231: 7219: 7213: 7212: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7181: 7172: 7171: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7121: 7115: 7114: 7102: 7096: 7095: 7083: 7077: 7076: 7064: 7055: 7054: 7042: 7031: 7030: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6941: 6935: 6934: 6922: 6916: 6915: 6903: 6897: 6896: 6884: 6878: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6839:(6): 3038–3047. 6828: 6822: 6821: 6801: 6795: 6794: 6792: 6760: 6754: 6753: 6728:(5): 3353–3360. 6713: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6672: 6666: 6652: 6646: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6593: 6587: 6586: 6584: 6574: 6546: 6540: 6539: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6500: 6485: 6484: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6453: 6442: 6441: 6415: 6406: 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6354: 6348: 6347: 6335: 6329: 6328: 6316: 6310: 6309: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6278: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6241: 6235: 6234: 6221: 6215: 6214: 6207:Fishery Bulletin 6198: 6189: 6188: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6136:on minke whales 6129: 6123: 6122: 6112: 6102: 6074: 6068: 6067: 6057: 6021: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5998: 5992: 5991: 5989: 5957: 5951: 5950: 5922: 5916: 5915: 5903: 5897: 5896: 5886: 5866: 5860: 5859: 5841: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5795: 5784: 5783: 5771: 5762: 5761: 5748: 5739: 5732: 5726: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5700: 5691: 5690: 5678: 5669: 5668: 5652: 5646: 5645: 5629: 5620: 5619: 5606: 5597: 5596:. Facts on File. 5590: 5584: 5583: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5528: 5519: 5518: 5516: 5514: 5499: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5466: 5457: 5450: 5444: 5430: 5424: 5423:(abstract only). 5413: 5407: 5388: 5382: 5381: 5365: 5359: 5352: 5346: 5335: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5229: 5223: 5222: 5210: 5201: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5178: 5172: 5171: 5162:(8): 1529–1550. 5151: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5115: 5106: 5105: 5103: 5079: 5073: 5072: 5062: 5038: 5032: 5031: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4968: 4959: 4958: 4942: 4936: 4925: 4919: 4918: 4893:(5): 3346–3351. 4882: 4871: 4860: 4854: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4805: 4796: 4788: 4782: 4781: 4771: 4739: 4733: 4732: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4684: 4679: 4677: 4669: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4652: 4646: 4645: 4643: 4635: 4629: 4622: 4616: 4615: 4587: 4581: 4580: 4578: 4576:10.5962/p.356944 4550: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4539:10.5962/p.356360 4513: 4507: 4506: 4490: 4475: 4474: 4462: 4451: 4450: 4434: 4425: 4410: 4389: 4388: 4372: 4366: 4365: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4330: 4321: 4320: 4304: 4291: 4283: 4277: 4269: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4245: 4239: 4231: 4225: 4217: 4211: 4203: 4197: 4189: 4180: 4172: 4163: 4162: 4150: 4139: 4138: 4126: 4113: 4106: 4100: 4099: 4087: 4078: 4077: 4067: 4057: 4033: 4027: 4026: 4016: 4006: 3974: 3968: 3967: 3934:(7): 1481–1495. 3918: 3912: 3911: 3901: 3877: 3868: 3867: 3854: 3839: 3838: 3826: 3807: 3806: 3790: 3777: 3770: 3764: 3746: 3740: 3733: 3722: 3721: 3703: 3694: 3687: 3681: 3674: 3663: 3656: 3650: 3649: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3622: 3592: 3571: 3570: 3534: 3518: 3515:B. a . davidsoni 3504: 3498: 3495: 3463: 3458: 3457: 3456: 3449: 3444: 3443: 3435: 3433:Cetaceans portal 3430: 3429: 3428: 3402: 3382: 3362: 3342: 3322: 3302: 3254: 3229:Numazu, Shizuoka 3186:Pseudo-nitzschia 3117:Vancouver Island 3042:Koei Maru No. 75 3038:Katsu Maru No. 7 2977: 2976: 2974: 2973: 2972: 2967: 2963: 2960: 2959: 2958: 2955: 2653:, using a towed 2537: 2536: 2517: 2420:Figure-of-eights 2368:Aleutian Islands 2291:Johnstone Strait 2255:(about 97%) and 2217:Tetrabothius sp. 2207:Diphyllobothrium 2174:C. balaenopterae 2170:P. balaenopterae 2162:P. balaenopterae 2148:P. balaenopterae 2025:Greenland sharks 1982:myctophid fishes 1970:northern anchovy 1962:San Juan Islands 1949:Japanese anchovy 1929:Aleutian Islands 1903:in the northern 1838:Atlantic herring 1830:Thysanoessa spp. 1693:Vancouver Island 1667: 1666: 1664: 1663: 1662: 1657: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1648: 1645: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1615: 1614: 1613: 1610: 1535:British Columbia 1531:Johnstone Strait 1525:area of central 1519:Washington state 1515:San Juan Islands 1489:British Columbia 1481:Alaska Peninsula 1465:Aleutian Islands 1423:, 18,174 in the 1152:Franz Josef Land 1100:blowhole streaks 969:blowhole streaks 868: 850: 849: 847: 846: 845: 840: 839:79.750°N 9.533°E 836: 833: 832: 831: 828: 819: 818: 816: 815: 814: 809: 805: 802: 801: 800: 797: 718:B. acutorostrata 701:Washington state 670:Balaena rostrata 559:marine biologist 541:Vernacular names 471: 460: 449: 441: 433: 425: 414: 403: 401:Balaena rostrata 381: 367: 323: 195: 194: 174: 157: 152: 151: 128: 114: 104: 34: 27:Temporal range: 21: 20: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10383: 10382: 10380: 10379: 10378: 10319: 10318: 10317: 10312: 10304: 10299: 10291: 10286: 10278: 10273: 10265: 10260: 10252: 10247: 10239: 10234: 10226: 10223:Observation.org 10221: 10213: 10211: 10203: 10198: 10190: 10185: 10177: 10172: 10164: 10159: 10151: 10146: 10138: 10133: 10125: 10120: 10112: 10107: 10099: 10094: 10086: 10081: 10073: 10068: 10060: 10055: 10047: 10042: 10034: 10029: 10021: 10016: 10008: 10003: 9995: 9990: 9982: 9977: 9969: 9964: 9955: 9954: 9949: 9940: 9939: 9934: 9921: 9911: 9894: 9870: 9846: 9732:M. densirostris 9692: 9691: 9689: 9679: 9655: 9627: 9626: 9624: 9614: 9567:(Beaked whales) 9566: 9565: 9563: 9551: 9514: 9468: 9431: 9376: 9330: 9293: 9269: 9218: 9203:N. phocaenoides 9190: 9189: 9187: 9171: 9170: 9168: 9156: 9132: 9095: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9036: 9012: 9006:S. longirostris 8988:S. coeruleoalba 8952: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8893: 8860: 8836: 8812: 8788: 8773:O. brevirostris 8755: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8714: 8706:Dusky dolphin ( 8645: 8621: 8597: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8556: 8532: 8508: 8464:Cephalorhynchus 8451: 8450: 8448: 8436: 8407: 8370: 8364:M. novaeangliae 8346: 8322: 8296:Omura's whale ( 8269:Bryde's whale ( 8220: 8219: 8217: 8215:Balaenopteridae 8205: 8168: 8167: 8165: 8155: 8147:Bowhead whale ( 8118: 8115:(Baleen whales) 8101: 8051: 8044: 7986: 7981: 7966: 7962: 7953: 7951: 7941: 7934: 7924: 7922: 7915: 7911: 7898: 7894: 7875:Aquatic Mammals 7863: 7859: 7830: 7826: 7795: 7791: 7780:Aquatic Mammals 7772: 7768: 7758:Contract Report 7755: 7751: 7736: 7732: 7720: 7716: 7701: 7694: 7686:(SC/62/NPM19). 7681: 7674: 7659: 7655: 7639: 7635: 7631:, January 2005. 7618: 7614: 7599: 7595: 7585: 7581: 7566: 7562: 7547: 7543: 7528: 7524: 7509: 7505: 7491: 7487: 7473: 7469: 7455: 7451: 7437: 7433: 7419: 7415: 7401: 7397: 7383: 7379: 7365: 7361: 7347: 7343: 7329: 7325: 7311: 7307: 7293: 7289: 7275: 7271: 7257: 7253: 7239: 7235: 7220: 7216: 7201: 7197: 7182: 7175: 7160: 7156: 7141: 7137: 7122: 7118: 7103: 7099: 7084: 7080: 7065: 7058: 7043: 7034: 7019: 7015: 6999: 6995: 6980: 6976: 6961: 6957: 6942: 6938: 6923: 6919: 6904: 6900: 6885: 6881: 6872: 6868: 6829: 6825: 6802: 6798: 6761: 6757: 6714: 6710: 6673: 6669: 6653: 6649: 6633: 6629: 6594: 6590: 6547: 6543: 6524: 6520: 6509:Aquatic Mammals 6501: 6488: 6473: 6469: 6454: 6445: 6438: 6416: 6409: 6392: 6388: 6355: 6351: 6336: 6332: 6317: 6313: 6298: 6294: 6279: 6275: 6242: 6238: 6222: 6218: 6199: 6192: 6173: 6169: 6130: 6126: 6075: 6071: 6022: 6018: 6008: 6006: 5999: 5995: 5958: 5954: 5923: 5919: 5904: 5900: 5884:10.1.1.573.6671 5867: 5863: 5839: 5833: 5829: 5796: 5787: 5772: 5765: 5749: 5742: 5733: 5729: 5720: 5716: 5701: 5694: 5679: 5672: 5653: 5649: 5630: 5623: 5607: 5600: 5591: 5587: 5568: 5564: 5529: 5522: 5512: 5510: 5500: 5496: 5467: 5460: 5451: 5447: 5438:Aquatic Mammals 5431: 5427: 5414: 5410: 5389: 5385: 5366: 5362: 5353: 5349: 5336: 5327: 5298: 5294: 5263: 5259: 5230: 5226: 5211: 5204: 5192: 5190: 5179: 5175: 5168:10.1139/z98-054 5152: 5145: 5116: 5109: 5080: 5076: 5069:10.1139/f04-020 5060:10.1.1.172.1639 5039: 5035: 4992: 4988: 4969: 4962: 4943: 4939: 4926: 4922: 4883: 4874: 4861: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4829: 4825: 4806: 4799: 4789: 4785: 4748:Pacific Science 4740: 4736: 4721: 4717: 4698: 4694: 4682: 4680: 4671: 4670: 4664: 4662: 4661:. 2003: 219–232 4658: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4641: 4637: 4636: 4632: 4623: 4619: 4588: 4584: 4551: 4547: 4514: 4510: 4491: 4478: 4463: 4454: 4435: 4428: 4420:(Special Issue 4411: 4392: 4373: 4369: 4354: 4350: 4331: 4324: 4305: 4294: 4284: 4280: 4270: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4246: 4242: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4214: 4204: 4200: 4190: 4183: 4173: 4166: 4151: 4142: 4127: 4116: 4107: 4103: 4088: 4081: 4034: 4030: 3975: 3971: 3919: 3915: 3878: 3871: 3855: 3842: 3827: 3810: 3791: 3780: 3771: 3767: 3747: 3743: 3734: 3725: 3718: 3704: 3697: 3688: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3653: 3646:fossilworks.org 3640: 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3593: 3574: 3559: 3539:"Order Cetacea" 3535: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3521: 3505: 3501: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3459: 3454: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3431: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3414: 3403: 3394: 3383: 3374: 3363: 3354: 3343: 3334: 3323: 3314: 3303: 3294: 3274: 3246: 3225: 3142: 3140:Other mortality 3125: 2971:32.400; 172.550 2970: 2968: 2964: 2961: 2956: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2948: 2894:Koei Maru No. 7 2846: 2718: 2713: 2707: 2682: 2588:Kaneohe, Hawaii 2576: 2552: 2551: 2543: 2541: 2540: 2539: 2538: 2531: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2510: 2505: 2401: 2384: 2331: 2270: 2265: 2253:Pseudoterranova 2237:Banks Peninsula 2194:acanthocephalan 2179:X. globicipitis 2081: 2049: 2022: 2010:Yakutat, Alaska 2002: 1978: 1964:, while in the 1913:Sakhalin Island 1901:Pacific herring 1897: 1778: 1762: 1754:tympanic bullae 1721: 1716: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1651: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1639: 1638: 1635:Reykjanes Ridge 1625: 1623: 1619: 1616: 1611: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1603: 1600: 1559:that runs into 1550:San Juan Island 1510: 1505: 1497: 1469:Kenai Peninsula 1460: 1416: 1411: 1399:Gerlache Strait 1371:New South Wales 1280:Baja California 1266:and Bering and 1248:Mariana Islands 1132: 1127: 1108:auditory meatus 1089:caudal chevrons 1068:auxiliary patch 1064:shoulder blazes 989: 973:shoulder streak 956: 951: 914:and elsewhere. 862: 857: 843: 841: 837: 834: 829: 826: 824: 822: 821: 812: 810: 806: 803: 798: 795: 793: 791: 790: 782: 757: 693:Admiralty Inlet 659: 654: 648:(Dwarf whale). 636:it is known as 614:koiwashi-kujira 543: 472:Capellini, 1877 442:Eschricht, 1849 412:Rorqualus boops 331: 325: 319: 306: 283:Species complex 264:Balaenopteridae 189: 181: 164: 153: 149: 142: 105: 103: 102: 101: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 60: 55: 50: 45: 40: 29: 28: 25: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10387: 10377: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10314: 10313: 10311: 10310: 10297: 10284: 10271: 10258: 10245: 10232: 10219: 10209: 10196: 10183: 10170: 10157: 10144: 10131: 10118: 10105: 10092: 10079: 10066: 10053: 10040: 10027: 10014: 10001: 9988: 9975: 9962: 9947: 9931: 9929: 9923: 9922: 9908: 9907: 9904: 9903: 9900: 9899: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9888:Z. cavirostris 9882: 9880: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9858: 9856: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9835: 9826: 9817: 9808: 9799: 9790: 9781: 9772: 9763: 9754: 9745: 9736: 9727: 9718: 9709: 9699: 9697: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9677: 9667: 9665: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9653: 9644: 9634: 9632: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9612: 9603: 9594: 9584: 9582: 9571: 9557: 9556: 9553: 9552: 9550: 9549: 9545:P. blainvillei 9539: 9537: 9526: 9520: 9519: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9503: 9493: 9491: 9480: 9474: 9473: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9466: 9456: 9454: 9443: 9437: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9430: 9429: 9425:I. geoffrensis 9420: 9416:I. boliviensis 9411: 9401: 9399: 9388: 9382: 9381: 9378: 9377: 9375: 9374: 9365: 9355: 9353: 9342: 9336: 9335: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9328: 9318: 9316: 9305: 9299: 9298: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9291: 9281: 9279: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9267: 9263:P. spinipinnis 9258: 9249: 9240: 9230: 9228: 9220: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9207: 9197: 9195: 9176: 9162: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9154: 9144: 9142: 9134: 9133: 9131: 9130: 9124:Beluga whale ( 9120: 9118: 9115:Delphinapterus 9107: 9101: 9100: 9097: 9096: 9094: 9093: 9084: 9075: 9066: 9056: 9054: 9038: 9037: 9035: 9034: 9030:S. bredanensis 9024: 9022: 9014: 9013: 9011: 9010: 9001: 8992: 8983: 8974: 8964: 8962: 8954: 8953: 8951: 8950: 8941: 8932: 8923: 8913: 8911: 8895: 8894: 8892: 8891: 8882: 8878:S. fluviatilis 8872: 8870: 8862: 8861: 8859: 8858: 8848: 8846: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8834: 8824: 8822: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8810: 8800: 8798: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8786: 8777: 8767: 8765: 8757: 8756: 8754: 8753: 8744: 8734: 8732: 8716: 8715: 8713: 8712: 8703: 8699:L. obliquidens 8694: 8685: 8676: 8667: 8663:L. albirostris 8657: 8655: 8652:Lagenorhynchus 8647: 8646: 8644: 8643: 8633: 8631: 8623: 8622: 8620: 8619: 8609: 8607: 8599: 8598: 8596: 8595: 8586: 8576: 8574: 8570:(Pilot whales) 8558: 8557: 8555: 8554: 8544: 8542: 8534: 8533: 8531: 8530: 8520: 8518: 8510: 8509: 8507: 8506: 8497: 8488: 8479: 8475:C. commersonii 8469: 8467: 8456: 8438: 8437: 8421: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8413: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8382: 8376: 8375: 8372: 8371: 8369: 8368: 8358: 8356: 8348: 8347: 8345: 8344: 8334: 8332: 8324: 8323: 8321: 8320: 8314:Rice's whale ( 8311: 8302: 8293: 8284: 8275: 8266: 8257: 8253:B. bonaerensis 8248: 8238: 8236: 8225: 8211: 8210: 8207: 8206: 8204: 8203: 8194: 8185: 8175: 8173: 8169:(Right whales) 8157: 8156: 8154: 8153: 8143: 8141: 8130: 8120: 8119: 8103: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8093: 8087: 8085:Laurasiatheria 8081: 8075: 8069: 8063: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8043: 8042: 8035: 8028: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8000: 7995: 7985: 7984:External links 7982: 7980: 7979: 7960: 7932: 7909: 7892: 7881:(4): 342–350. 7857: 7824: 7789: 7766: 7749: 7730: 7714: 7692: 7672: 7653: 7633: 7612: 7593: 7579: 7560: 7541: 7522: 7503: 7485: 7467: 7449: 7431: 7413: 7395: 7377: 7359: 7341: 7323: 7305: 7287: 7269: 7251: 7233: 7214: 7195: 7173: 7154: 7135: 7116: 7097: 7078: 7056: 7032: 7013: 6993: 6974: 6955: 6936: 6917: 6898: 6879: 6866: 6823: 6812:(3): 333–341. 6796: 6755: 6708: 6667: 6647: 6627: 6608:(3): 706–713. 6588: 6565:(2): 214–218. 6541: 6518: 6486: 6467: 6443: 6436: 6407: 6386: 6349: 6330: 6311: 6292: 6273: 6236: 6216: 6190: 6167: 6148:(1): 338–343. 6124: 6069: 6016: 5993: 5974:Polar Research 5952: 5933:(4): 603–618. 5917: 5898: 5861: 5850:(4): 151–180. 5827: 5814:(2): 109–115. 5785: 5763: 5740: 5727: 5714: 5692: 5670: 5647: 5621: 5598: 5585: 5562: 5520: 5494: 5481:(3): 221–229. 5458: 5445: 5425: 5408: 5383: 5360: 5347: 5325: 5292: 5257: 5244:(3): 227–234. 5224: 5202: 5173: 5143: 5130:(2): 119–129. 5107: 5074: 5053:(6): 870–886. 5033: 5006:(2): 313–318. 4986: 4960: 4937: 4920: 4872: 4870:(12): 369-375. 4855: 4842: 4823: 4797: 4783: 4754:(3): 395–398. 4734: 4715: 4692: 4683:|journal= 4647: 4630: 4617: 4598:(3): 370–377. 4582: 4569:(2): 266–267. 4545: 4532:(2): 304–305. 4508: 4476: 4452: 4426: 4390: 4367: 4348: 4322: 4292: 4278: 4264: 4254: 4240: 4226: 4212: 4198: 4181: 4164: 4140: 4114: 4101: 4079: 4028: 3969: 3913: 3892:(5): 960–970. 3869: 3840: 3808: 3778: 3765: 3741: 3723: 3716: 3695: 3682: 3664: 3651: 3633: 3572: 3557: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3519: 3511:B. a. scammoni 3499: 3489: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3481: 3479:Marine biology 3476: 3471: 3465: 3464: 3450: 3447:Mammals portal 3436: 3420: 3417: 3416: 3415: 3404: 3397: 3395: 3384: 3377: 3375: 3364: 3357: 3355: 3344: 3337: 3335: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3304: 3297: 3293: 3290: 3273: 3270: 3224: 3221: 3141: 3138: 3133:Southern Ocean 3124: 3121: 3026:Kyo Maru No. 1 2998:Kyo Maru No. 1 2941:Gulf of Alaska 2845: 2842: 2774:Margrét IS 314 2761:Denmark Strait 2717: 2716:North Atlantic 2714: 2709:Main article: 2706: 2703: 2681: 2678: 2575: 2572: 2542: 2529: 2524: 2523: 2522: 2513: 2512: 2511: 2509: 2508:North Atlantic 2506: 2504: 2501: 2455:horizontal arc 2448:ventral lunges 2436:Oblique lunges 2400: 2397: 2383: 2380: 2330: 2327: 2269: 2266: 2264: 2261: 2249:Phyllobothrium 2134:goose barnacle 2080: 2077: 2048: 2045: 2021: 2018: 2001: 1998: 1977: 1974: 1909:Alaska pollock 1896: 1893: 1777: 1776:North Atlantic 1774: 1766:ichthyophagous 1761: 1758: 1746:East China Sea 1720: 1717: 1715: 1712: 1682:Canary Current 1599: 1596: 1509: 1506: 1504: 1501: 1496: 1493: 1459: 1456: 1431:(70°45'N) and 1415: 1414:North Atlantic 1412: 1410: 1407: 1347:Beagle Channel 1331:Santa Catarina 1319:Rio de Janeiro 1315:Espírito Santo 1272:Gulf of Alaska 1264:Sea of Okhotsk 1252:East China Sea 1212:Gulf of Mexico 1196:Canary Islands 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1085:peduncle blaze 1076:mandible blaze 1053:peduncle field 1021:rostral saddle 988: 985: 965:rostral saddle 955: 952: 950: 947: 904:North Atlantic 861: 858: 856: 853: 813:78.033; 11.717 781: 778: 761:global warming 756: 753: 734:B. bonaerensis 662:Otto Fabricius 658: 655: 653: 650: 571:Varanger Fjord 542: 539: 477: 476: 475: 474: 466: 455: 444: 436: 428: 423:Balaena minima 420: 409: 395: 394: 388: 387: 383: 382: 374: 373: 369: 368: 360: 359: 358: 357: 351: 349:B. a. scammoni 346: 338: 337: 333: 332: 326: 315: 314: 308: 307: 300: 298: 294: 293: 286: 279: 278: 271: 267: 266: 261: 257: 256: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 231: 227: 226: 221: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 201: 197: 196: 183: 182: 169: 166: 165: 147: 144: 143: 138: 135: 134: 130: 129: 121: 120: 116: 115: 107: 106: 98: 97: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 56: 51: 46: 41: 36: 26: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10386: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10326: 10324: 10307: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10289: 10285: 10281: 10276: 10272: 10268: 10263: 10259: 10255: 10250: 10246: 10242: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10224: 10220: 10216: 10210: 10206: 10201: 10197: 10193: 10188: 10184: 10180: 10175: 10171: 10167: 10162: 10158: 10154: 10149: 10145: 10141: 10136: 10132: 10128: 10123: 10119: 10115: 10110: 10106: 10102: 10097: 10093: 10089: 10084: 10080: 10076: 10071: 10067: 10063: 10058: 10054: 10050: 10045: 10041: 10037: 10032: 10028: 10024: 10019: 10015: 10011: 10006: 10002: 9998: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9980: 9976: 9972: 9967: 9963: 9958: 9952: 9948: 9943: 9937: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9924: 9920: 9915: 9891: 9889: 9884: 9883: 9881: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9865: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9843: 9841: 9836: 9834: 9832: 9831:M. stejnegeri 9827: 9825: 9823: 9822:M. peruvianus 9818: 9816: 9814: 9809: 9807: 9805: 9800: 9798: 9796: 9791: 9789: 9787: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9773: 9771: 9769: 9764: 9762: 9760: 9759:M. ginkgodens 9755: 9753: 9751: 9746: 9744: 9742: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9723:M. carlhubbsi 9719: 9717: 9715: 9710: 9708: 9706: 9701: 9700: 9698: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9676: 9674: 9669: 9668: 9666: 9664: 9663: 9658: 9652: 9650: 9649:H. planifrons 9645: 9643: 9641: 9640:H. ampullatus 9636: 9635: 9633: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9611: 9609: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9595: 9593: 9591: 9586: 9585: 9583: 9581: 9580: 9575: 9572: 9562: 9558: 9548: 9546: 9541: 9540: 9538: 9536: 9535: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9524:Pontoporiidae 9521: 9511: 9509: 9504: 9502: 9500: 9495: 9494: 9492: 9490: 9489: 9484: 9481: 9479: 9478:Platanistidae 9475: 9465: 9463: 9462:L. vexillifer 9458: 9457: 9455: 9453: 9452: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9438: 9428: 9426: 9421: 9419: 9417: 9412: 9410: 9408: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9397: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9373: 9371: 9366: 9364: 9362: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9352: 9351: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9327: 9325: 9322:Sperm whale ( 9320: 9319: 9317: 9315: 9314: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9278: 9277: 9272: 9266: 9264: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9241: 9239: 9237: 9232: 9231: 9229: 9227: 9226: 9221: 9215: 9213: 9208: 9206: 9204: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9177: 9167: 9163: 9153: 9151: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9129: 9127: 9122: 9121: 9119: 9117: 9116: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9102: 9092: 9090: 9085: 9083: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9072: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9058: 9057: 9055: 9045: 9044: 9039: 9033: 9031: 9026: 9025: 9023: 9021: 9020: 9015: 9009: 9007: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8993: 8991: 8989: 8984: 8982: 8980: 8975: 8973: 8971: 8966: 8965: 8963: 8961: 8960: 8955: 8949: 8947: 8942: 8940: 8938: 8937:S. sahulensis 8933: 8931: 8929: 8924: 8922: 8920: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8902: 8901: 8896: 8890: 8888: 8887:S. guianensis 8883: 8881: 8879: 8874: 8873: 8871: 8869: 8868: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8854:P. crassidens 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8833: 8831: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8820: 8819:Peponocephala 8815: 8809: 8807: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8796: 8791: 8785: 8783: 8778: 8776: 8774: 8769: 8768: 8766: 8764: 8763: 8758: 8752: 8750: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8723: 8722: 8717: 8711: 8709: 8704: 8702: 8700: 8695: 8693: 8691: 8686: 8684: 8682: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8668: 8666: 8664: 8659: 8658: 8656: 8654: 8653: 8648: 8642: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8632: 8630: 8629: 8628:Lagenodelphis 8624: 8618: 8616: 8611: 8610: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8594: 8592: 8587: 8585: 8583: 8578: 8577: 8575: 8565: 8564: 8559: 8553: 8551: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8535: 8529: 8527: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8516: 8511: 8505: 8503: 8498: 8496: 8494: 8493:C. heavisidii 8489: 8487: 8485: 8480: 8478: 8476: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8465: 8460: 8457: 8447: 8443: 8439: 8435: 8426: 8422: 8404: 8402: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8380:Cetotheriidae 8377: 8367: 8365: 8360: 8359: 8357: 8355: 8354: 8349: 8343: 8341: 8336: 8335: 8333: 8331: 8330: 8325: 8319: 8317: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8303: 8301: 8299: 8294: 8292: 8290: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8276: 8274: 8272: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8249: 8247: 8245: 8240: 8239: 8237: 8235: 8234: 8229: 8226: 8216: 8212: 8202: 8200: 8195: 8193: 8191: 8186: 8184: 8182: 8177: 8176: 8174: 8164: 8163: 8158: 8152: 8150: 8149:B. mysticetus 8145: 8144: 8142: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8131: 8129: 8125: 8121: 8117: 8108: 8104: 8098: 8094: 8092: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8074: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8062: 8058: 8057: 8054: 8049: 8041: 8036: 8034: 8029: 8027: 8022: 8021: 8018: 8011: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7993: 7988: 7987: 7975: 7971: 7964: 7950: 7946: 7939: 7937: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7861: 7852: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7828: 7820: 7816: 7812: 7808: 7804: 7800: 7793: 7786:(2): 137–139. 7785: 7781: 7777: 7770: 7763: 7759: 7753: 7745: 7741: 7734: 7727: 7724: 7718: 7710: 7706: 7699: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7679: 7677: 7668: 7664: 7657: 7649: 7645: 7637: 7630: 7626: 7622: 7616: 7608: 7604: 7597: 7590: 7583: 7575: 7571: 7564: 7556: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7533: 7526: 7518: 7514: 7507: 7500: 7496: 7489: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7464: 7460: 7453: 7446: 7442: 7435: 7428: 7424: 7417: 7410: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7388: 7381: 7374: 7370: 7363: 7356: 7352: 7345: 7338: 7334: 7327: 7320: 7316: 7309: 7302: 7298: 7291: 7284: 7280: 7273: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7248: 7244: 7237: 7229: 7225: 7218: 7210: 7206: 7199: 7191: 7187: 7180: 7178: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7139: 7131: 7127: 7120: 7112: 7108: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7082: 7074: 7070: 7063: 7061: 7052: 7048: 7041: 7039: 7037: 7028: 7024: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6997: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6921: 6913: 6909: 6902: 6894: 6890: 6883: 6876: 6870: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6850: 6846: 6842: 6838: 6834: 6827: 6819: 6815: 6811: 6807: 6800: 6791: 6786: 6782: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6743: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6727: 6723: 6719: 6712: 6703: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6686: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6664: 6661: 6657: 6651: 6644: 6641: 6637: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6592: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6554: 6545: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6510: 6506: 6499: 6497: 6495: 6493: 6491: 6482: 6478: 6471: 6463: 6459: 6452: 6450: 6448: 6439: 6433: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6412: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6381: 6376: 6372: 6368: 6364: 6362: 6353: 6345: 6341: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6315: 6307: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6277: 6268: 6263: 6259: 6255: 6251: 6249: 6240: 6232: 6228: 6220: 6212: 6208: 6204: 6197: 6195: 6186: 6182: 6178: 6171: 6163: 6159: 6155: 6151: 6147: 6143: 6139: 6135: 6128: 6120: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6092: 6088: 6084: 6082: 6073: 6065: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6039: 6035: 6031: 6029: 6020: 6004: 5997: 5988: 5983: 5979: 5975: 5971: 5969: 5965: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5913: 5909: 5902: 5894: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5876: 5872: 5871:Mammal Review 5865: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5844:Mammal Review 5838: 5831: 5822: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5803: 5794: 5792: 5790: 5781: 5777: 5770: 5768: 5759: 5755: 5747: 5745: 5737: 5731: 5724: 5718: 5710: 5706: 5699: 5697: 5688: 5684: 5677: 5675: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5651: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5628: 5626: 5617: 5613: 5605: 5603: 5595: 5589: 5582:(3): 249–251. 5581: 5577: 5573: 5566: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5527: 5525: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5489: 5484: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5465: 5463: 5455: 5449: 5442: 5439: 5435: 5429: 5422: 5418: 5412: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5351: 5344: 5340: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5320: 5315: 5311: 5307: 5303: 5296: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5261: 5252: 5247: 5243: 5239: 5235: 5228: 5220: 5216: 5209: 5207: 5199: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5148: 5138: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5114: 5112: 5102: 5097: 5094:(2): 95–104. 5093: 5089: 5085: 5078: 5070: 5066: 5061: 5056: 5052: 5048: 5044: 5037: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5005: 5001: 5000:Polar Biology 4997: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4967: 4965: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4934: 4930: 4924: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4888: 4881: 4879: 4877: 4869: 4865: 4859: 4852: 4846: 4838: 4834: 4827: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4802: 4794: 4787: 4779: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4675: 4657: 4651: 4640: 4634: 4627: 4621: 4613: 4609: 4605: 4601: 4597: 4593: 4586: 4577: 4572: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4558: 4549: 4540: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4521: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4489: 4487: 4485: 4483: 4481: 4472: 4468: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4449:(3): 293–296. 4448: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4371: 4363: 4359: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4329: 4327: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4297: 4289: 4282: 4275: 4268: 4258: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4216: 4209: 4202: 4195: 4188: 4186: 4178: 4171: 4169: 4160: 4156: 4149: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4132: 4125: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4111: 4105: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4084: 4075: 4071: 4066: 4061: 4056: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4032: 4024: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3996: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3876: 3874: 3865: 3861: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3845: 3836: 3832: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3819: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3805:(3): 223–238. 3804: 3800: 3796: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3762: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3738: 3732: 3730: 3728: 3719: 3713: 3709: 3702: 3700: 3692: 3686: 3679: 3673: 3671: 3669: 3661: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3637: 3621: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3581: 3579: 3577: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3554: 3550: 3549: 3544: 3543:Wilson, D. E. 3540: 3533: 3529: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3503: 3494: 3490: 3480: 3477: 3475: 3472: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3451: 3448: 3442: 3437: 3434: 3423: 3412: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3392: 3388: 3381: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3361: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3301: 3296: 3295: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3278:IUCN Red List 3267: 3263: 3259: 3244: 3242: 3238: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3209: 3207: 3206:morbillivirus 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3182: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3148:, trap nets, 3147: 3137: 3134: 3130: 3120: 3118: 3114: 3109: 3107: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3090:Korean Strait 3087: 3083: 3079: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3059: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3018: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2975: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2915: 2911: 2907: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2886:killer whales 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2844:North Pacific 2841: 2839: 2838:Faroe Islands 2834: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2807: 2803: 2797: 2795: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2775: 2770: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2736: 2734: 2733: 2722: 2712: 2702: 2700: 2696: 2695:Coffs Harbour 2692: 2688: 2677: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2666:eastern boing 2663: 2662:central boing 2658: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2585: 2581: 2574:North Pacific 2571: 2569: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2550: 2548: 2527: 2503:Vocalizations 2500: 2496: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2440:lateral lunge 2437: 2432: 2427: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2412: 2407: 2396: 2392: 2390: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2353: 2352:British Isles 2347: 2345: 2341: 2337: 2326: 2325:on occasion. 2324: 2320: 2316: 2315:brown boobies 2311: 2306: 2304: 2303:killer whales 2299: 2297: 2296:Gulf of Maine 2292: 2288: 2284: 2274: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2158: 2156: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2128: 2124: 2121: 2117: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2103:hyperparasite 2101: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2087: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2070:endosymbiotic 2067: 2063: 2062: 2057: 2054: 2044: 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2007: 1997: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1983: 1973: 1971: 1967: 1963: 1960:) around the 1959: 1955: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1925:Kuril Islands 1922: 1921:Pacific saury 1918: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1902: 1895:North Pacific 1892: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1848: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1782:demersal fish 1773: 1771: 1767: 1757: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1734: 1730: 1725: 1711: 1709: 1705: 1701: 1700:Lizard Island 1696: 1694: 1689: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1665: 1636: 1630: 1595: 1593: 1587: 1584: 1580: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1562: 1558: 1553: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1540: 1539:killer whales 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1508:Site fidelity 1500: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1485:Kodiak Island 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1458:North Pacific 1455: 1453: 1448: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1433:Cape Farewell 1430: 1426: 1425:Greenland Sea 1422: 1406: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1383:New Caledonia 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1300: 1295: 1293: 1289: 1285: 1282:and into the 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1240:North Pacific 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1184:Hudson Strait 1181: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1156:Novaya Zemlya 1153: 1149: 1145: 1136: 1122: 1120: 1119:Bryde's whale 1115: 1113: 1112:tiger stripes 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1090: 1086: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1056: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1013:ventral field 1010: 1005: 1002: 993: 984: 982: 981:flank patches 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 954:Northern form 944: 939: 935: 931: 927: 925: 920: 915: 913: 912:North Pacific 909: 905: 901: 897: 888: 881: 876: 867: 852: 848: 844:79.750; 9.533 817: 788: 777: 775: 770: 766: 763:in the early 762: 752: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 721: 719: 715: 711: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 686: 681: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 649: 647: 646:Ballena enana 643: 639: 635: 631: 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 586:least rorqual 583: 579: 574: 572: 568: 564: 563:Richard Ellis 560: 556: 552: 548: 535: 530: 526: 524: 521:epoch to the 520: 515: 513: 509: 504: 502: 501:baleen whales 498: 494: 493: 488: 484: 470: 467: 463: 459: 456: 452: 448: 445: 440: 437: 432: 429: 424: 421: 417: 413: 410: 406: 402: 399: 398: 396: 393: 389: 384: 380: 375: 370: 366: 361: 355: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 339: 334: 329: 324: 322: 316: 313: 312:Binomial name 309: 305: 304: 299: 296: 295: 292: 291: 287: 284: 281: 280: 277: 276: 272: 269: 268: 265: 262: 259: 258: 255: 252: 249: 248: 245: 242: 239: 238: 235: 232: 229: 228: 225: 222: 219: 218: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 202: 199: 198: 193: 188: 184: 178: 172: 167: 161: 156: 155:Least Concern 145: 141: 136: 131: 127: 122: 117: 113: 108: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 59: 54: 49: 44: 39: 32: 22: 19: 10344:Balaenoptera 9926: 9887: 9875: 9864:T. shepherdi 9863: 9851: 9840:M. traversii 9839: 9830: 9821: 9812: 9803: 9794: 9785: 9776: 9767: 9758: 9750:M. europaeus 9749: 9740: 9731: 9722: 9713: 9704: 9684: 9673:I. pacificus 9672: 9660: 9648: 9639: 9619: 9607: 9598: 9589: 9577: 9544: 9532: 9507: 9499:P. gangetica 9498: 9486: 9461: 9449: 9424: 9415: 9406: 9394: 9369: 9361:K. breviceps 9360: 9348: 9323: 9311: 9303:Physeteridae 9286: 9276:Phocoenoides 9274: 9262: 9253: 9244: 9236:P. dioptrica 9235: 9223: 9211: 9202: 9182: 9150:M. monoceros 9149: 9137: 9125: 9113: 9105:Monodontidae 9089:T. truncatus 9088: 9080:T. erebennus 9079: 9071:T. australis 9070: 9061: 9041: 9029: 9017: 9005: 8997:S. frontalis 8996: 8987: 8978: 8970:S. attenuata 8969: 8957: 8945: 8936: 8927: 8919:S. chinensis 8918: 8898: 8886: 8877: 8865: 8853: 8841: 8829: 8817: 8805: 8793: 8782:O. heinsohni 8781: 8772: 8760: 8748: 8739: 8721:Lissodelphis 8719: 8707: 8698: 8689: 8681:L. australis 8680: 8671: 8662: 8650: 8638: 8626: 8614: 8602: 8590: 8581: 8563:Globicephala 8561: 8550:F. attenuata 8549: 8537: 8525: 8513: 8501: 8492: 8483: 8474: 8462: 8401:C. marginata 8400: 8388: 8363: 8351: 8339: 8338:Gray whale ( 8329:Eschrichtius 8327: 8315: 8306: 8297: 8288: 8287:Blue whale ( 8279: 8270: 8261: 8252: 8243: 8241: 8233:Balaenoptera 8231: 8198: 8190:E. glacialis 8189: 8181:E. australis 8180: 8160: 8148: 8136: 8097:Whippomorpha 8091:Artiodactyla 8004: 7991: 7973: 7969: 7963: 7952:. 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Retrieved 5186: 5176: 5159: 5155: 5127: 5123: 5091: 5087: 5077: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5036: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4989: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4954: 4950: 4947:Balaenoptera 4946: 4940: 4932: 4928: 4923: 4890: 4886: 4867: 4863: 4858: 4850: 4845: 4839:(1): 87–100. 4836: 4832: 4826: 4817: 4813: 4809: 4792: 4786: 4751: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4728: 4724: 4718: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4695: 4674:cite journal 4663:. Retrieved 4650: 4633: 4625: 4620: 4595: 4591: 4585: 4566: 4562: 4556: 4548: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4511: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4470: 4466: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4370: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4287: 4281: 4273: 4267: 4257: 4249: 4243: 4235: 4229: 4221: 4215: 4207: 4201: 4193: 4176: 4158: 4154: 4134: 4130: 4109: 4104: 4095: 4091: 4045: 4042:BMC Genetics 4041: 4031: 3986: 3982: 3972: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3916: 3889: 3885: 3863: 3859: 3834: 3830: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3773: 3768: 3749: 3744: 3736: 3707: 3690: 3685: 3677: 3659: 3654: 3645: 3636: 3624:. Retrieved 3610: 3604: 3598: 3547: 3532: 3514: 3510: 3506: 3502: 3493: 3410: 3390: 3370: 3350: 3330: 3310: 3275: 3226: 3210: 3184: 3178: 3143: 3126: 3113:Coal Harbour 3110: 3106:Kuril Island 3099: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3015: 3009: 3006:Nisshin Maru 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985:Nisshin Maru 2983: 2980: 2936: 2934: 2926:Sea of Japan 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2849: 2847: 2835: 2833:190 whales. 2810: 2798: 2790:Trinity bays 2778: 2773: 2771: 2737: 2730: 2727: 2683: 2665: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2637:etacean and 2634: 2630: 2626: 2604:AM component 2603: 2591: 2577: 2553: 2544: 2497: 2487: 2483:chin-up blow 2482: 2478: 2472: 2468: 2463:ventral arcs 2462: 2458: 2454: 2452: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2430: 2428: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2410: 2405: 2402: 2393: 2385: 2366:and western 2361: 2348: 2332: 2307: 2300: 2279: 2259:(about 3%). 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2241:South Island 2234: 2227: 2221: 2216: 2212: 2205: 2196: 2186: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2136: 2129: 2122: 2113: 2109: 2105: 2095: 2088: 2082: 2059: 2050: 2023: 2003: 1993: 1979: 1966:Monterey Bay 1957: 1907:and only on 1898: 1845: 1834:blue whiting 1829: 1810:Atlantic cod 1797: 1779: 1763: 1750:Sea of Japan 1738: 1732: 1719:Reproduction 1697: 1690: 1601: 1588: 1576: 1568:Isle of Mull 1565: 1554: 1546:Orcas Island 1543: 1523:Monterey Bay 1511: 1498: 1467:east to the 1461: 1449: 1429:Disko Island 1417: 1355:South Africa 1296: 1268:Chukchi Seas 1260:Sea of Japan 1170:and central 1141: 1125:Distribution 1116: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1057: 1052: 1049:flank infill 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1025:thorax patch 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1009:spinal field 1008: 1006: 998: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 957: 932: 928: 916: 908:Soviet Union 893: 783: 758: 738: 733: 730:South Africa 722: 717: 713: 688: 682: 673: 669: 665: 660: 645: 641: 637: 629: 618:minku-kujira 617: 613: 605: 597: 589: 585: 581: 577: 575: 561:and painter 554: 544: 533: 516: 512:baleen whale 505: 491: 490: 486: 482: 480: 468: 457: 446: 438: 430: 422: 411: 400: 353: 348: 343: 320: 318: 302: 301: 289: 282: 275:Balaenoptera 274: 250:Infraorder: 244:Artiodactyla 18: 10275:SeaLifeBase 10205:minke-whale 10161:NatureServe 10083:iNaturalist 9951:Wikispecies 9795:M. layardii 9714:M. bowdoini 9662:Indopacetus 9245:P. phocoena 9184:Neophocoena 9172:(Porpoises) 9166:Phocoenidae 8740:L. borealis 8708:L. obscurus 8690:L. cruciger 8484:C. eutropia 8446:Delphinidae 8431:Odontoceti 8340:E. robustus 8307:B. physalus 8305:Fin whale ( 8289:B. musculus 8262:B. borealis 8260:Sei whale ( 8199:E. japonica 8083:Superorder 8077:Infraclass 7925:January 19, 7764:CR/2007/49. 7623:JA/J05/JR2 7497:SC/65a/O03 7479:SC/65a/O06 7317:SC/51/RMP7 7263:SC/48/Np13 6775:: 127–146. 6687:: 279–295. 6515:(1): 21–32. 6405:, pp. 1-13. 5456:, pp. 1-12. 5404:La Rochelle 5380:(1): 39–46. 4769:10125/22623 4424:): 357-368. 4048:(1): 1–11. 3989:(12): 1–6. 3739:, 11: 1-37. 3181:domoic acid 3119:, in 1967. 3095:North Korea 3002:Yushin Maru 2969: / 2910:Okhotsk Sea 2908:and on the 2850:Yuko-maru 7 2794:Nova Scotia 2756:Barents Sea 2752:Spitsbergen 2748:Bear Island 2732:Clostridium 2620:micropascal 2560:Puerto Rico 2376:North Korea 2329:Segregation 2209:macroovatum 2166:C. virgatum 2144:C. virgatum 2138:Conchoderma 2120:whale louse 2110:C. elongatu 2086:sea lamprey 2047:Whale falls 2037:blue sharks 2014:Glacier Bay 1905:Okhotsk Sea 1885:Norway pout 1826:Barents Sea 1822:Bear Island 1794:Thysanoessa 1790:Spitsbergen 1770:cephalopods 1708:Bass Strait 1659: / 1624: / 1592:Nova Scotia 1572:Moray Firth 1473:Seguam Pass 1445:North Shore 1405:(69°25'S). 1379:New Zealand 1104:ear stripes 1096:nape streak 1037:flank patch 855:Description 842: / 811: / 787:Spitsbergen 774:Pleistocene 630:sildepisker 497:minke whale 434:Rasch, 1845 336:Subspecies 10323:Categories 9853:Tasmacetus 9813:M. perrini 9786:M. hotaula 9777:M. hectori 9686:Mesoplodon 9621:Hyperoodon 9608:B. minimus 9599:B. bairdii 9590:B. arnuxii 9534:Pontoporia 9488:Platanista 9062:T. aduncus 8979:S. clymene 8946:S. teuszii 8928:S. plumbea 8830:P. electra 8749:L. peronii 8615:G. griseus 8526:D. delphis 8502:C. hectori 8429:Parvorder 8221:(Rorquals) 8128:Balaenidae 8113:Mysticeti 8111:Parvorder 7976:: 181–189. 7954:2021-03-14 7746:: 427–431. 7711:: 433–443. 7650:: 289–300. 7609:: 155–159. 7576:: 281–284. 7557:: 335–337. 7538:: 395–402. 7519:: 241–244. 7425:SC/56/O13 7371:SC/54/O16 7353:SC/53/O10 7335:SC/F2K/J9 7299:SC/49/NP9 7281:SC/49/NP8 7245:SC/47/NP3 7230:: 289–291. 7211:: 539–542. 7192:: 281–283. 7170:: 221–223. 7151:: 295–298. 7113:: 333–337. 7094:: 307–311. 7075:: 271–272. 7053:: 164–166. 6990:: 195–200. 6971:: 217–226. 6952:: 456–459. 6933:: 287–295. 6914:: 343–347. 6895:: 255–257. 6538:: 379–385. 6464:: 365–372. 6346:: 251–255. 6327:: 329–332. 6308:: 263–274. 6289:: 279–285. 6233:: 559–572. 6213:: 577–585. 6187:: 565–568. 6093:(1): 105. 5980:(1): 1–4. 5782:: 235–248. 5760:: 505–522. 5711:: 299–304. 5689:: 159–176. 5644:: 259–262. 5618:: 167–178. 5543:(1): 1–8. 5221:: 387–392. 5193:2021-12-11 4957:: 407–417. 4731:: 531–538. 4712:: 455–457. 4665:2016-04-21 4505:: 277–307. 4364:: 437–442. 4345:: 333–340. 4319:: 245–253. 4161:: 443–456. 4098:: 289–296. 3626:16 January 3525:References 3215:under the 3086:Yellow Sea 3070:Chung Gu 2 3066:Chung Gu 1 3062:Jin Yang 5 2945:Bering Sea 2922:Toyama Bay 2890:Katsu Maru 2782:Conception 2754:, and the 2655:hydrophone 2645:ssessment 2547:media help 2424:Hyperbolas 2319:kelp gulls 2268:Group size 2155:P. marinus 2100:monogenean 2053:siboglinid 2041:California 2020:Scavenging 1986:myctophids 1941:sand lance 1939:(24%) and 1857:Vesterålen 1798:T. inermis 1742:Yellow Sea 1686:Cape Verde 1583:Skjálfandi 1561:Carmel Bay 1527:California 1503:Occurrence 1409:Population 1401:, and the 1375:Queensland 1256:Yellow Sea 1200:Mauritania 1188:Ungava Bay 1176:Hudson Bay 1166:) and the 1164:New Jersey 1144:Baffin Bay 1017:nape field 987:Dwarf form 949:Appearance 902:). 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Common minke whale

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