439:, which it established as a trial in some judicial districts to assume roles which formerly belonged to the bankruptcy judge and others, including the selection and oversight of private trustees in individual cases. At that time, the other chapters of the Bankruptcy Code described how bankruptcy worked in districts without United States Trustees; original Chapter 15 modified the text of the other chapters for districts with United States Trustees. Section numbers in original Chapter 15 incorporated the section numbers in the main Code that they modified; for example, section 151325 (a section of original Chapter 15) modified section 1325, which sets the requirements of
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in certain bankruptcy cases. Under
Chapter 15, a representative of a corporate bankruptcy proceeding outside the United States can obtain access to the U.S. courts. This allows cooperation between the United States courts and the foreign courts, as well as other authorities of foreign countries
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The main consideration US courts will take into account in making this decision is whether the laws of the foreign jurisdiction violate the laws or public policy of the United States and whether the foreign courts conduct their proceedings according to basic rules of procedural fairness.
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on pending actions, and orders of other types as circumstances dictate. The ancillary proceeding permitted under
Chapter 15 is often a more efficient and less costly alternative to initiating an independent bankruptcy proceeding in the United States.
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in 1978. Section 304 was repealed in 2005 and replaced with
Chapter 15, titled "Ancillary and Other Cross Border Cases". This section has increased the range of options available in the United States in support of foreign bankruptcy proceedings.
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has a connection to assets or information located in another. Because of the involvement of multiple jurisdictions, unique problems arise, and in response, the United States enacted
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Chapter 15 also avoids conflicts and establishes mechanisms for cooperation between US and foreign courts and representatives regarding proceedings which involve the same
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Whether the US courts will extend the "additional assistance" sought in connection with a foreign proceeding under
Chapter 15 is a matter of discretion.
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Since the trial program was considered a success, Congress in 1984 ordered the creation of United States
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Among other factors the US courts will consider is how the foreign jurisdiction treats
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The original 1978 Bankruptcy Code had a different
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The court may conduct an evidentiary hearing, including considering
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