904:, can request the court convert the case into a liquidation under chapter 7, or appoint a trustee to manage the debtor's business. The court will grant a motion to convert to chapter 7 or appoint a trustee if either of these actions is in the best interest of all creditors. Sometimes a company will liquidate under chapter 11 (perhaps in a 363 sale), in which the pre-existing management may be able to help get a higher price for divisions or other assets than a chapter 7 liquidation would be likely to achieve. Section 362(d) of the Bankruptcy Code allows the court to terminate, annul, or modify the continuation of the automatic stay as may be necessary or appropriate to balance the competing interests of the debtor, its estate, creditors, and other parties in interest and grants the bankruptcy court considerable flexibility to tailor relief to the exigencies of the circumstances. Relief from the automatic stay is generally sought by motion and, if opposed, is treated as a contested matter under Bankruptcy Rule 9014. A party seeking relief from the automatic stay must also pay the filing fee required by 28 U.S.C.A. § 1930(b).
226:
925:. The trustee or debtor-in-possession is given the right, under § 365 of the Bankruptcy Code, subject to court approval, to assume or reject executory contracts and unexpired leases. The trustee or debtor-in-possession must assume or reject an executory contract in its entirety, unless some portion of it is severable. The trustee or debtor-in-possession normally assumes a contract or lease if it is needed to operate the reorganized business or if it can be assigned or sold at a profit. The trustee or debtor-in-possession normally rejects a contract or lease to transform damage claims arising from the nonperformance of those obligations into a prepetition claim. In some situations, rejection can also limit the damages that a contract counterparty can claim against the debtor.
855:
bankruptcy. The
Bankruptcy Code accomplishes this objective through the use of a bankruptcy plan. The debtor in possession typically has the first opportunity to propose a plan during the period of exclusivity. This period allows the debtor 120 days from the date of filing for chapter 11 to propose a plan of reorganization before any other party in interest may propose a plan. If the debtor proposes a plan within the 120-day exclusivity period, a 180-day exclusivity period from the date of filing for chapter 11 is granted in order to allow the debtor to gain confirmation of the proposed plan. With some exceptions, the plan may be proposed by any party in interest. Interested creditors then vote for a plan.
1001:. The SBRA requires the U.S. Trustee appoint a "subchapter V trustee" to every Subchapter V case to supervise and control estate funds, and facilitate the development of a consensual plan. It also eliminates automatic appointment of an official committee of unsecured creditors and abolishes quarterly fees usually paid to the U.S. Trustee throughout the case. Most notably, Subchapter V allows the small business owner to retain their equity in the business so long as the reorganization plan does not discriminate unfairly and is fair and equitable with respect to each class of claims or interests.
42:
832:. While the automatic stay is in place, creditors are stayed from any collection attempts or activities against the debtor in possession, and most litigation against the debtor is stayed, or put on hold, until it can be resolved in bankruptcy court, or resumed in its original venue. An example of proceedings that are not necessarily stayed automatically are family law proceedings against a spouse or parent. Further, creditors may file with the court seeking relief from the automatic stay.
1493:
1507:
880:
plan, but that may not always be possible. Section 1121(b) of the
Bankruptcy Code provides for an exclusivity period in which only the debtor may file a plan of reorganization. This period lasts 120 days after the date of the order for relief, and if the debtor does file a plan within the first 120 days, the exclusivity period is extended to 180 days after the order for relief for the debtor to seek acceptance of the plan by holders of claims and interests.
808:
entitlements are distributed to various groups of investors, are often based on a valuation of the reorganized business. Bankruptcy valuation is often highly contentious because it is both subjective and important to case outcomes. The methods of valuation used in bankruptcy have changed over time, generally tracking methods used in investment banking, Delaware corporate law, and corporate and academic finance, but with a significant time lag.
869:
business for the duration of the plan. If a plan cannot be confirmed, the court may either convert the case to a liquidation under chapter 7, or, if in the best interests of the creditors and the estate, the case may be dismissed resulting in a return to the status quo before bankruptcy. If the case is dismissed, creditors will look to non-bankruptcy law in order to satisfy their claims.
973:) generally provides a secured party with an interest in an aircraft the ability to take possession of the equipment within 60 days after a bankruptcy filing unless the airline cures all defaults. More specifically, the right of the lender to take possession of the secured equipment is not hampered by the automatic stay provisions of the Bankruptcy Code.
957:, in the debtor's property—will be paid before unsecured creditors. Unsecured creditors' claims are prioritized by § 507. For instance the claims of suppliers of products or employees of a company may be paid before other unsecured creditors are paid. Each priority level must be paid in full before the next lower priority level may receive payment.
839:, its debts exceed its assets and the business is unable to pay debts as they come due, the bankruptcy restructuring may result in the company's owners being left with nothing; instead, the owners' rights and interests are ended and the company's creditors are left with ownership of the newly reorganized company.
873:
confirmation plan. This process can be complicated if creditors fail or refuse to vote. In which case, the plan proponent might tailor his or her efforts in obtaining votes, or the plan itself. The plan may be modified before confirmation, so long as the modified plan meets all the requirements of
Chapter 11.
884:
importantly, the bankruptcy court must find the plan (a) complies with applicable law, and (b) has been proposed in good faith. Furthermore, the court must determine whether the plan is "feasible," in other words, the court must safeguard that confirming the plan will not yield to liquidation down the road.
1048:
Chapter 11 cases dropped by 60% from 1991 to 2003. One 2007 study found this was because businesses were turning to bankruptcy-like proceedings under state law, rather than the federal bankruptcy proceedings, including those under chapter 11. Insolvency proceedings under state law, the study stated,
912:
In the new millennium, airlines have fallen under intense scrutiny for what many see as abusing
Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a tool for escaping labor contracts, usually 30–35% of an airline's operating cost. Every major US airline has filed for Chapter 11 since 2002. In the space of 2 years (2002–2004)
807:
In a
Chapter 11 bankruptcy, the debtor corporation is typically recapitalized so that it emerges from bankruptcy with more equity and less debt, a process through which some of the debtor corporation's debts may be discharged. Determinations as to which debts are discharged, and how equity and other
827:
Chapter 11 affords the debtor in possession a number of mechanisms to restructure its business. A debtor in possession can acquire financing and loans on favorable terms by giving new lenders first priority on the business's earnings. The court may also permit the debtor in possession to reject and
879:
In order for a chapter 11 debtor to reorganize, they must file (and the court must confirm) a plan of reorganization. Simply put, the plan is a compromise between the major stakeholders in the case, including, but not limited to the debtor and its creditors. Most chapter 11 cases aim to confirm a
803:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all agree, then the plan can be confirmed. Section 1129 of the
Bankruptcy Code requires the bankruptcy court reach certain conclusions prior to confirming or approving the plan and making it binding on all parties in the case, most
883:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all "agree", then the plan can be confirmed. §1129 of the
Bankruptcy Code requires the bankruptcy court reach certain conclusions prior to "confirming" or "approving" the plan and making it binding on all parties in the case. Most
872:
In order to proceed to the confirmation hearing, a disclosure statement must be approved by the bankruptcy court. Once the disclosure statement is approved, the plan proponent will solicit votes from the classes of creditors. Solicitation is the process by which creditors vote on the proposed
868:
are met. In order to be confirmed over the creditors' objection, the plan must not discriminate against that class of creditors, and the plan must be found fair and equitable to that class. Upon confirmation, the plan becomes binding and identifies the treatment of debts and operations of the
854:
Chapter 11 usually results in reorganization of the debtor's business or personal assets and debts, but can also be used as a mechanism for liquidation. Debtors may "emerge" from a chapter 11 bankruptcy within a few months or within several years, depending on the size and complexity of the
799:
A Chapter 11 bankruptcy will result in one of three outcomes for the debtor: reorganization, conversion to
Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or dismissal. In order for a Chapter 11 debtor to reorganize, the debtor must file (and the court must confirm) a plan of reorganization. In effect, the plan is a
1049:
are currently faster, less expensive, and more private, with some states not even requiring court filings. However, a 2005 study claimed the drop may have been due to an increase in the incorrect classification of many bankruptcies as "consumer cases" rather than "business cases".
1025:
was on airlines that were in
Chapter 11. These airlines were able to stop making debt payments, break their previously agreed upon labor union contracts, freeing up cash to expand routes or weather a price war against competitors — all with the bankruptcy court's approval.
804:
notably that the plan complies with applicable law and was proposed in good faith. The court must also find that the reorganization plan is feasible in that, unless the plan provides otherwise, the plan is not likely to be followed by further reorganization or liquidation.
985:
to
Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code. Subchapter V, which took effect in February 2020, is reserved exclusively for the small business debtor with the purpose of expediting bankruptcy procedure and economically resolving small business bankruptcy cases.
845:
One controversy that has broken out in bankruptcy courts concerns the proper amount of disclosure that the court and other parties are entitled to receive from the members of the creditor's committees that play a large role in many proceedings.
225:
863:
If the judge approves the reorganization plan and the creditors all agree, then the plan can be confirmed. If at least one class of creditors objects and votes against the plan, it may nonetheless be confirmed if the requirements of
944:
As a general rule, administrative expenses (the actual, necessary expenses of preserving the bankruptcy estate, including expenses such as employee wages, and the cost of litigating the chapter 11 case) are paid first.
1574:
Joseph Swanson and Peter Marshall, Houlihan Lokey and Lyndon Norley, Kirkland & Ellis International LLP (2008). A Practitioner's Guide to Corporate Restructuring. City & Financial Publishing, 1st edition
996:
A Subchapter V case contrasts from a traditional Chapter 11 in several key aspects: it is earmarked only for the "small business debtor" (as defined by the Bankruptcy Code), so, only a debtor can file a plan of
899:
of § 362. The automatic stay requires all creditors to cease collection attempts, and makes many post-petition debt collection efforts void or voidable. Under some circumstances, some creditors, or the
2019:
789:
In Chapter 7, the business ceases operations, a trustee sells all of its assets, and then distributes the proceeds to its creditors. Any residual amount is returned to the owners of the company.
1970:
824:
empowers the trustee to operate the debtor's business. In Chapter 11, unless a separate trustee is appointed for cause, the debtor, as debtor in possession, acts as trustee of the business.
1017:) may facilitate the desired result. A company undergoing Chapter 11 reorganization is effectively operating under the "protection" of the court until it emerges. An example is the
842:
All creditors are entitled to be heard by the court. The court is ultimately responsible for determining whether the proposed plan of reorganization complies with bankruptcy laws.
816:
Chapter 11 retains many of the features present in all, or most, bankruptcy proceedings in the United States. It provides additional tools for debtors as well. Most importantly,
1457:‡ The Enron assets were taken from the 10-Q filed on November 11, 2001. The company announced that the annual financials were under review at the time of filing for Chapter 11.
800:
compromise between the major stakeholders in the case, including the debtor and its creditors. Most Chapter 11 cases aim to confirm a plan, but that may not always be possible.
2428:
2189:
2725:
1038:
2036:
1454:
Enron, Lehman Brothers, MF Global and Refco have all ceased operations while others were acquired by other buyers or emerged as a new company with a similar name.
887:
The plan must ensure that the debtor will be able to pay most administrative and priority claims (priority claims over unsecured claims) on the effective date.
58:
1696:
989:
Subchapter V retains many of the advantages of a traditional Chapter 11 case without the unnecessary procedural burdens and costs. It seeks to increase the
933:
Chapter 11 follows the same priority scheme as other bankruptcy chapters. The priority structure is defined primarily by § 507 of the Bankruptcy Code (
2397:
1068:
Holdings Inc., which listed $ 639 billion in assets as of its Chapter 11 filing in 2008. The 16 largest corporate bankruptcies as of December 13, 2011
1052:
Cases involving more than US$ 50 million in assets are almost always handled in federal bankruptcy court, and not in bankruptcy-like state proceeding.
1961:
2280:
2718:
2008:
2455:
993:
ability to negotiate a successful reorganization and retain control of the business and increase oversight and ensure a quick reorganization.
2785:
876:
A chapter 11 case typically results in one of three outcomes: a reorganization; a conversion into chapter 7 liquidation, or it is dismissed.
529:
1013:
may be unavailable during an economic recession. A preplanned, pre-agreed approach between the debtor and its creditors (sometimes called a
2790:
2711:
1009:
The reorganization and court process may take an inordinate amount of time, limiting the chances of a successful outcome and sufficient
2331:
585:
2063:
1593:
2764:
2759:
1561:
767:
514:
129:
124:
119:
2749:
2432:
2305:
759:
641:
252:
109:
104:
2623:
1716:
201:
2146:
2090:
1678:
1580:
555:
88:
2371:
714:
380:
2190:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit Installment 19 - Chapter 11 Plan Acceptance, Getting a Class to Accept a Plan"
1316:
63:
2734:
1991:
1886:
1645:
1630:
966:
934:
817:
731:
83:
921:, pilot unions and other airline employees claiming the rules of Chapter 11 have helped turn the United States into a
828:
cancel contracts. Debtors are also protected from other litigation against the business through the imposition of an
2569:
2163:
1533:
1376:
1029:
Studies on the impact of forestalling the creditors' rights to enforce their security reach different conclusions.
277:
1694:
Broude, Richard F. (February 1984). "Cramdown and Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code: The Settlement Imperative".
1061:
610:
49:
31:
2405:
2037:"Failure of Creditor Class to Cast Vote on Chapter 11 Plan Does Not Equate to Acceptance | Insights | Jones Day"
1010:
783:
580:
73:
2596:
605:
600:
565:
257:
68:
1101:
595:
155:
160:
20:
2502:
194:
78:
2356:
661:
550:
1483:
707:
590:
575:
560:
545:
431:
688:
678:
631:
519:
457:
308:
287:
1014:
792:
In Chapter 11, in most instances the debtor remains in control of its business operations as a
758:, and to individuals, although it is most prominently used by corporate entities. In contrast,
421:
1787:
2527:
2254:
901:
626:
524:
416:
400:
354:
333:
328:
187:
2649:
Dascher, Paul E. (January 1, 1972). "The Penn Central Revisited: A Predictable Situation".
2107:"The Order of Claims in Bankruptcy: Absolute Priority Rule, Structured Dismissals and More"
2081:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Berman, Geoffrey L.; Brandess, Michael; Hammeke, Robert A. (2022).
1498:
1471:
954:
793:
636:
242:
175:
150:
2106:
8:
755:
700:
570:
165:
1717:"Valuation in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy: The Dangers of an Implicit Market Test Market Test"
2738:
2666:
2601:
1909:
1869:
1775:
656:
447:
364:
1802:
41:
2703:
2142:
2086:
1861:
1822:
1818:
1783:
1779:
1767:
1674:
1626:
1576:
1434:
1121:
950:
683:
666:
651:
498:
426:
318:
267:
170:
2697:
1930:
2658:
1853:
1814:
1759:
1022:
1018:
946:
493:
462:
359:
323:
2687:
1995:
1962:"Bankruptcy Rules Committee rethinks 2019 pricing disclosure amid HF panic attack"
1890:
1649:
970:
821:
2480:
1905:
1670:
1414:
1395:
1356:
1065:
938:
478:
262:
2255:"How to Confirm a Chapter 11 Plan - Dealing with Distress for Fun & Profit"
1466:
1160:
998:
922:
896:
829:
145:
2306:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit – The Middle of A Bankruptcy Case"
1803:"Regulating Bankruptcy Abuse: An Empirical Study of Consumer Exemptions Cases"
2779:
1865:
1826:
1771:
981:
In August 2019, the Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019 ("SBRA") added
395:
1625:(2022 ed.). Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:1.
895:
Like other forms of bankruptcy, petitions filed under chapter 11 invoke the
2041:
1747:
1477:
982:
770:
provides a reorganization process for the majority of private individuals.
292:
272:
2662:
2007:
Ayer, John D.; Bernstein, Michael; Friedland, Jonathan P. (January 2015).
1661:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Vandesteeg, Elizabeth B.; Hammeke, Robert (2019).
1763:
918:
763:
751:
747:
452:
282:
2332:"Liquidation Of Troubled Businesses: Chapter 11 Liquidations Increasing"
2670:
1873:
1512:
914:
836:
735:
672:
247:
217:
766:
bankruptcy, though liquidation may also occur under Chapter 11; while
2230:"Bankruptcy Auctions, Bankruptcy Articles, Article 9 Sales and more!"
1841:
1239:
1180:
779:
390:
1857:
1506:
2691:
2132:
2130:
2128:
1259:
1141:
865:
743:
488:
349:
313:
1666:
1219:
796:, and is subject to the oversight and jurisdiction of the court.
2481:"11 U.S. Code § 503 – Allowance of administrative expenses"
2164:"Dealing With Distress For Fun & Profit – Plan Confirmation"
2125:
1279:
990:
646:
2080:
2357:"massachusetts institute of technology: Airline Data Project"
2141:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:7.
2085:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §10:7.
1336:
1199:
2229:
2218:. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Thomson Reuters. pp. §4:12.
2216:
Strategic Alternatives For and Against Distressed Businesses
1663:
Strategic Alternatives For and Against Distressed Businesses
1039:
Category:Companies that have filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy
483:
1660:
2188:
Friedland, Jonathan; O'Connor, Jack (February 19, 2019).
1842:"Corporate Reorganizations Based on Cash Flow Valuations"
778:
When a business is unable to service its debt or pay its
738:
laws of the United States. Such reorganization, known as
2162:
Kuney, George; Friedland, Jonathan (February 16, 2016).
811:
2570:"This Day In Market History: Lehman Brothers Collapses"
2503:"Delta and Northwest airlines both file for bankruptcy"
2137:
Friedland, Jonathan P.; Cahill, Christopher M. (2021).
1021:
in the United States; in 2006 over half the industry's
2733:
2006:
2501:
Isidore, Chris; Senior, /Money (September 14, 2005).
2187:
786:
for protection under either Chapter 7 or Chapter 11.
2555:(January 24, 2007), "Small Firms Spurn Chapter 11",
1488:
2372:"AMR Files for Bankruptcy: The Last Giant to Fall"
1960:
1900:
1898:
2285:Ayres, Shelton, Williams, Benson & Paine, LLC
1474:in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand
1076:Company did not emerge from Chapter 11 bankruptcy
19:"Chapter 11" redirects here. For other uses, see
2777:
2214:Friedland, Jonathan P.; Hammeke, Robert (2021).
2213:
782:, the business or its creditors can file with a
2136:
1895:
1620:
728:Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code
2161:
2719:
2624:"The 10 Largest U.S. Bankruptcies - Chrysler"
2500:
708:
195:
16:Section of the United States Bankruptcy Code
2551:
2549:
2281:"Chapter 11 Bankruptcy Reorganization FAQs"
1568:
2726:
2712:
1906:"11 U.S. Code § 362 – Automatic stay"
1748:"The Evolution of Valuation in Bankruptcy"
1556:
1554:
715:
701:
202:
188:
2594:
1064:in history was of the US investment bank
2546:
1800:
2648:
2597:"G.M.'s Big Bankruptcy, by the Numbers"
2453:
2396:Warner, Margeret (September 13, 2004).
1551:
917:filed for bankruptcy twice leaving the
2778:
2395:
2369:
1973:from the original on December 10, 2022
1693:
907:
773:
2707:
2688:US changes bankruptcy protection laws
2426:
2370:Davies, Richard (November 29, 2011).
1745:
812:Features of Chapter 11 reorganization
2786:United States bankruptcy legislation
2025:from the original on August 5, 2019.
1846:The University of Chicago Law Review
1839:
1714:
1623:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation, 2d
1616:
1614:
2454:Trumbul, Mark (November 29, 2011).
1931:"§ 1-201. General Definitions"
1801:Trujillo, Bernard (November 2006).
1317:Penn Central Transportation Company
734:) permits reorganization under the
13:
2791:Title 11 of the United States Code
1807:Journal of Empirical Legal Studies
849:
732:Title 11 of the United States Code
224:
14:
2802:
2681:
2595:Edmonston, Peter (June 1, 2009).
2528:"The night of the killer zombies"
1721:University of Illinois Law Review
1611:
1093:Assets adjusted to the year 2012
1004:
890:
2139:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation
2083:Commercial Bankruptcy Litigation
2064:"Chapter 11 – Bankruptcy Basics"
1819:10.1111/j.1740-1461.2006.00080.x
1594:"Chapter 11 - Bankruptcy Basics"
1534:"Chapter 11 – Bankruptcy Basics"
1505:
1491:
1055:
40:
2642:
2616:
2588:
2562:
2520:
2494:
2473:
2447:
2420:
2389:
2363:
2349:
2324:
2298:
2273:
2247:
2222:
2207:
2181:
2155:
2099:
2074:
2056:
2029:
2000:
1985:
1953:
1944:
1923:
1880:
1833:
1794:
1752:American Bankruptcy Law Journal
1739:
1562:"Chapter 7 - Bankruptcy Basics"
976:
960:
858:
50:Bankruptcy in the United States
1708:
1687:
1654:
1639:
1621:Friedland J, Cahill C (2022).
1586:
1526:
1011:debtor-in-possession financing
1:
2460:The Christian Science Monitor
1519:
1032:
2698:Complete Title 11 (ZIP file)
1564:. US courts. March 11, 2019.
1377:Pacific Gas and Electric Co.
1102:Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc
1043:
7:
2402:Public Broadcasting Service
2398:"US Airways Files....Again"
1460:
1299:Financial Corp. of America
1080:
928:
161:Chief restructuring officer
21:Chapter 11 (disambiguation)
10:
2807:
2651:Financial Analysts Journal
2456:"AMR Files for Chapter 11"
1036:
18:
2745:
2431:. AFL–CIO. Archived from
762:governs the process of a
746:, whether organized as a
662:History of bankruptcy law
138:Aspects of bankruptcy law
1840:Blum, Walter J. (1970).
1484:Insolvency law of Canada
1435:Delphi Corporation, Inc.
1090:Total Assets pre-filing
784:federal bankruptcy court
742:, is available to every
432:Voidable floating charge
1950:1 U.S.C. Sec. 1109 (b).
1015:pre-packaged bankruptcy
679:Pre-packaged insolvency
632:Bankruptcy alternatives
520:Cross-border insolvency
458:Trading while insolvent
309:Insolvency practitioner
288:Provisional liquidation
1096:Filing court district
949:—creditors who have a
422:Undervalue transaction
229:
2663:10.2469/faj.v28.n2.61
902:United States Trustee
740:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
627:Anti-deprivation rule
525:Insolvency Regulation
417:Fraudulent conveyance
401:Scheme of arrangement
355:Preferential creditor
334:Trustee in bankruptcy
329:Referee in Bankruptcy
228:
2576:. September 16, 2019
2429:"AFL-CIO Cries Foul"
2068:United States Courts
1764:10.2139/ssrn.2810622
1746:Simko, Mike (2017).
1715:Dick, Diane (2017).
1598:United States Courts
1538:United States Courts
1499:United States portal
1472:Administration (law)
1406:$ 42.7 billion
1387:$ 51.2 billion
1368:$ 51.1 billion
1328:$ 54.9 billion
1308:$ 87.2 billion
1291:$ 96.3 billion
1271:$ 55.8 billion
1251:$ 55.5 billion
794:debtor in possession
2700:, via www.house.gov
2557:Wall Street Journal
2534:. December 12, 2002
2408:on January 22, 2014
2009:"Confirming a Plan"
1697:The Business Lawyer
1231:$ 104 billion
1211:$ 109 billion
1191:$ 101 billion
1172:$ 117 billion
1152:$ 176 billion
1133:$ 464 billion
1113:$ 904 billion
908:Executory contracts
835:If the business is
774:Chapter 11 overview
756:sole proprietorship
381:Administration (UK)
2739:United States Code
2630:. November 1, 2009
2602:The New York Times
2427:Jablonski, Donna.
2261:. October 18, 2018
1910:Cornell University
1445:$ 34 billion
1426:$ 34 billion
1348:$ 52 billion
1149:$ 103,914,000,000
1130:$ 327,913,000,000
1110:$ 639,063,000,800
1062:largest bankruptcy
657:Financial distress
530:UNCITRAL Model Law
448:Fraudulent trading
365:Unsecured creditor
230:
156:Bankruptcy trustee
2773:
2772:
2574:finance.yahoo.com
2312:. January 4, 2016
2148:978-1-5392-3368-8
2113:. October 2, 2020
2092:978-1-5392-3368-8
1790:– via SSRN.
1680:978-1-539-23380-0
1673:. p. §4:12.
1581:978-1-905121-31-1
1452:
1451:
1442:$ 22,000,000,000
1423:$ 21,801,000,000
1403:$ 25,197,000,000
1384:$ 29,770,000,000
1365:$ 30,185,000,000
1345:$ 33,333,172,000
1305:$ 33,864,000,000
1288:$ 35,892,000,000
1268:$ 39,300,000,000
1248:$ 41,000,000,000
1228:$ 61,392,000,000
1208:$ 63,392,000,000
1188:$ 71,019,200,000
1169:$ 82,300,000,000
1122:Washington Mutual
951:security interest
947:Secured creditors
725:
724:
684:Sovereign default
667:List of bankrupts
637:Creditors' rights
499:Security interest
427:Unfair preference
409:Avoidance regimes
319:Regulatory agency
212:
211:
32:Bankruptcy in the
2798:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2705:
2704:
2675:
2674:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2592:
2586:
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1501:
1496:
1495:
1494:
1325:$ 7,000,000,000
1081:
1075:
1023:seating capacity
1019:airline industry
717:
710:
703:
494:Second lien loan
463:Wrongful trading
360:Secured creditor
214:
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190:
44:
28:
27:
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2011:
2005:
2001:
1990:
1986:
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1967:Financial Times
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1415:Delta Air Lines
1357:Global Crossing
1079:
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1066:Lehman Brothers
1058:
1046:
1041:
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1007:
979:
963:
931:
910:
893:
861:
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850:Chapter 11 plan
814:
776:
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515:Chapter 15 (US)
479:Floating charge
386:Chapter 11 (US)
263:Conservatorship
208:
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17:
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1852:(1): 173–183.
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965:Section 1110 (
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923:corporatocracy
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1056:Largest cases
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689:Subordination
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611:United States
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507:International
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428:
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414:
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407:
402:
399:
397:
396:Restructuring
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
382:
379:
378:
377:
376:
373:Restructuring
372:
371:
366:
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57:
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39:
38:
35:
34:United States
30:
29:
26:
22:
2754:
2657:(2): 61–64.
2654:
2650:
2644:
2632:. Retrieved
2627:
2618:
2606:. Retrieved
2600:
2590:
2578:. Retrieved
2573:
2564:
2556:
2536:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2512:November 17,
2510:. Retrieved
2506:
2496:
2484:. Retrieved
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2459:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2433:the original
2422:
2410:. Retrieved
2406:the original
2401:
2391:
2379:. Retrieved
2375:
2365:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2335:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2309:
2300:
2288:. Retrieved
2284:
2275:
2263:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:
2224:
2215:
2209:
2197:. Retrieved
2193:
2183:
2171:. Retrieved
2167:
2157:
2138:
2115:. Retrieved
2110:
2101:
2082:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:jonesday.com
2040:
2031:
2015:
2002:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1966:
1955:
1946:
1934:. Retrieved
1925:
1913:. Retrieved
1882:
1849:
1845:
1835:
1810:
1806:
1796:
1755:
1751:
1741:
1729:. Retrieved
1724:
1720:
1710:
1704:(2): 441–54.
1701:
1695:
1689:
1662:
1656:
1641:
1622:
1601:. Retrieved
1597:
1588:
1570:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1528:
1478:Examinership
1456:
1453:
1163:Corporation
1087:Filing date
1059:
1051:
1047:
1028:
1008:
995:
988:
983:Subchapter V
980:
977:Subchapter V
964:
961:Section 1110
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911:
894:
886:
882:
878:
875:
871:
862:
859:Confirmation
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841:
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806:
802:
798:
791:
788:
777:
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727:
726:
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596:South Africa
385:
293:Receivership
273:Examinership
114:
69:U.S. Trustee
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2634:November 4,
2608:November 4,
1996:§ 1121
1891:§ 1107
1731:November 5,
1665:. Toronto,
1650:§ 1129
1439:2005-10-08
1420:2005-09-14
1400:2002-12-09
1381:2001-04-06
1362:2002-01-28
1342:2005-10-17
1322:1970-06-21
1302:1988-09-09
1285:1987-04-12
1265:2009-04-30
1245:2011-10-31
1225:2002-12-18
1205:2001-12-02
1185:2009-11-01
1166:2009-06-01
1146:2002-07-21
1127:2008-09-26
1107:2008-09-15
971:§ 1110
822:§ 1108
764:liquidation
752:partnership
748:corporation
601:Switzerland
453:Misfeasance
283:Liquidation
268:Dissolution
2780:Categories
2765:Chapter 13
2760:Chapter 12
2755:Chapter 11
1758:: 301–12.
1520:References
1513:Law portal
1480:in Ireland
1037:See also:
1033:Statistics
955:collateral
939:§ 507
915:US Airways
768:Chapter 13
736:bankruptcy
673:Pari passu
538:By country
324:Liquidator
248:Bankruptcy
218:Insolvency
171:Means test
130:Chapter 15
125:Chapter 13
120:Chapter 12
115:Chapter 11
2750:Chapter 7
2559:, p. B6B.
2538:August 5,
2486:August 5,
2048:August 5,
1977:August 5,
1936:August 5,
1915:August 5,
1866:0041-9494
1827:1740-1453
1780:168341523
1772:1556-5068
1727:(4): 1487
1543:August 5,
1396:UAL Corp.
1240:MF Global
1202:Corp. #‡
1181:CIT Group
1044:Frequency
837:insolvent
780:creditors
760:Chapter 7
576:Hong Kong
551:Australia
391:Cram down
342:Claimants
301:Officials
235:Processes
151:Discharge
110:Chapter 9
105:Chapter 7
59:Authority
2735:Title 11
2692:BBC News
2580:April 7,
2376:ABC News
2341:July 14,
2316:June 22,
2310:DailyDAC
2290:June 22,
2265:June 22,
2259:DailyDAC
2239:June 22,
2234:DailyDAC
2199:June 22,
2194:DailyDAC
2173:June 22,
2168:DailyDAC
2117:June 22,
2111:DailyDAC
2020:Archived
2016:DailyDAC
1971:Archived
1461:See also
1260:Chrysler
1084:Company
991:debtor's
929:Priority
866:cramdown
744:business
546:Anguilla
489:Mortgage
471:Security
440:Offences
350:Creditor
314:Tribunal
97:Chapters
2737:of the
2671:4470905
2628:Fortune
2465:May 19,
2439:May 19,
2412:May 19,
2381:May 19,
1874:1598964
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1603:June 7,
1417:, Inc.
1339:Inc. #
1282:, Inc.
1222:, Inc.
1220:Conseco
919:AFL–CIO
652:Default
586:Ireland
64:History
2690:, via
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1889:
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1669:, CA:
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1579:
1280:Texaco
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937:
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647:Debtor
591:Russia
566:Cayman
561:Canada
2667:JSTOR
2023:(PDF)
2012:(PDF)
1870:JSTOR
1776:S2CID
1448:NY-S
1429:NY-S
1409:IL-N
1390:CA-N
1371:NY-S
1359:Ltd.
1351:NY-S
1337:Refco
1331:PA-S
1311:CA-C
1294:NY-S
1274:NY-S
1254:NY-S
1234:IL-N
1214:NY-S
1200:Enron
1194:NY-S
1175:NY-S
1155:NY-S
1116:NY-S
953:, or
619:Other
581:India
571:China
166:Claim
74:Court
2636:2020
2610:2020
2582:2020
2540:2006
2514:2005
2488:2015
2467:2012
2441:2012
2414:2012
2383:2012
2343:2020
2336:CCBJ
2318:2021
2292:2021
2267:2021
2241:2021
2201:2021
2175:2021
2143:ISBN
2119:2021
2087:ISBN
2050:2019
1979:2015
1938:2015
1917:2015
1862:ISSN
1823:ISSN
1784:SSRN
1768:ISSN
1733:2020
1725:2017
1675:ISBN
1627:ISBN
1605:2019
1577:ISBN
1545:2015
1262:LLC
1104:. #
1060:The
484:Lien
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2659:doi
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1854:doi
1815:doi
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