839:
718:
1083:
31:
945:
53:
372:
958:
2216:
2185:
968:
976:
356:. The possible connection between sympetalous angiosperms and Caryophyllales was presaged by Bessey, Hutchinson, and others; as Lawrence relates: "The evidence is reasonably conclusive that the Primulaceae and the Caryophyllaceae have fundamentally the same type of gynecia, and as concluded by Douglas (1936)(and essentially Dickson, 1936) '...the vascular pattern and the presence of
360:
at the base of the ovary point to the fact that the present much reduced flower of the
Primulaceae has descended from an ancestor which was characterized by a plurilocular ovary and axial placentation. This primitive flower might well be found in centrospermal stock as Wernham, Bessy, and Hutchinson
1156:
A part of the difference lies with what families are recognized. The plants in the
Stegnospermataceae and Barbeuiaceae were included in Cronquist's Phytolaccaceae. The Chenopodiaceae (still recognized by Cronquist) are included in Amaranthaceae by APG.
345:, the circumscription of Caryophyllales has changed within various classification systems. All systems recognize a core of families with centrospermous ovules and seeds. More recent treatments have expanded the Caryophyllales to include many
1142:
The difference with the order as recognized by APG lies in the first place in the concept of "order". The APG favours much larger orders and families, and the order
Caryophyllales
415:(2009), this order includes the same families as the APG II system (see below) plus the new families, Limeaceae, Lophiocarpaceae, Montiaceae, Talinaceae, and Anacampserotaceae.
364:
Caryophyllales is separated into two suborders: Caryophyllineae and
Polygonineae. These two suborders were formerly (and sometimes still are) recognized as two orders,
843:
722:
2361:
375:
Cactaceae native to the middle region of South
America, at Marsh Botanical Garden. Cactaceae are a plant family, under the order Caryophyllales.
329:. Currently, the Caryophyllales contains 37 families, 749 genera, and 11,620 species The monophyly of the Caryophyllales has been supported by
157:
2400:
1504:
333:, cytochrome c sequence data and heritable characters such as anther wall development and vessel-elements with simple perforations.
2335:
1552:
2374:
1349:
1302:
1277:
2379:
352:
Systematists were undecided on whether
Caryophyllales should be placed within the rosid complex or sister to the asterid
1366:
1219:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III"
242:
1443:"An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV"
2498:
2477:
1164:
APG) are the
Asteropeiaceae and Physenaceae, each containing a single genus, and two genera from Cronquist's order
2405:
1497:
2472:
2387:
1531:
1557:
1547:
1323:
52:
2283:
1318:
2536:
2219:
1490:
131:
2454:
2503:
2415:
1395:
Juan, R.; Pastor, J.; Alaiz, M.; Vioque, J. (1 September 2007). "Electrophoretic characterization of
2274:
1542:
838:
2526:
135:
302:
pigments are unique in plants of this order and occur in all its families with the exception of
2531:
2441:
2236:
2436:
1269:
1082:
39:
2428:
2366:
717:
2309:
944:
8:
139:
2485:
2203:
1537:
923:
630:
169:
47:
30:
1482:
2423:
2296:
2197:
2012:
1412:
1345:
1298:
1295:
Flowering Plants · Dicotyledons: Malvales, Capparales and Non-betalain
Caryophyllales
1273:
1262:
1235:
1218:
742:
735:
444:
438:
346:
283:
689:. Recent molecular and biochemical evidence has resolved additional well-supported
2490:
2301:
2209:
1794:
1623:
1593:
1454:
1408:
1240:
1230:
1177:
1093:
905:
784:
612:
486:
192:
2288:
2097:
1955:
1605:
1568:
1514:
1339:
827:
796:
772:
701:
540:
534:
498:
474:
420:
388:
303:
287:
259:
255:
153:
90:
2392:
2120:
2077:
1694:
1618:
1147:
917:
887:
881:
748:
682:
624:
594:
588:
450:
412:
77:
2464:
2520:
1999:
1960:
1892:
1810:
1670:
1518:
1185:
1181:
911:
899:
869:
848:
834:
814:
802:
727:
713:
686:
654:
618:
606:
576:
570:
552:
516:
504:
432:
400:
330:
326:
307:
177:
161:
116:
2259:
2067:
1922:
1902:
1852:
1784:
1752:
1747:
1700:
936:
893:
863:
778:
754:
642:
600:
564:
546:
480:
456:
392:
279:
371:
2348:
2268:
2135:
2130:
2059:
1975:
1897:
1839:
1828:
1729:
1718:
1688:
1660:
1587:
1165:
957:
875:
808:
790:
760:
582:
510:
492:
462:
365:
1338:
Judd., W.; Campbell, C.; Kellogg, E.; Stevens, P.; Donoghue, M. (2008).
2115:
2092:
2017:
1970:
1965:
1945:
1907:
1823:
1706:
1645:
1637:
1245:
986:
929:
856:
690:
636:
558:
291:
1459:
1442:
2353:
2322:
2145:
2125:
2082:
2072:
1789:
1650:
1581:
820:
766:
707:
528:
468:
426:
396:
275:
2230:
948:
Cactaceaeː Gymnocalycium
Matoensea at Yale's Marsh Botanical Garden.
2340:
2253:
2140:
2049:
2044:
2032:
1980:
1950:
1874:
1771:
1737:
1712:
1655:
1293:
Kubitzki, Klaus; Bayer, Clemens; Cuénoud, Philippe (January 2003).
662:
522:
384:
299:
271:
267:
103:
2327:
2184:
1476:
975:
2107:
2087:
1937:
1927:
1917:
1912:
1799:
967:
674:
666:
322:
319:
2150:
1884:
1862:
1742:
1682:
678:
658:
357:
263:
231:
201:
2449:
2314:
1096:(1981) also recognised the order, with this circumscription:
353:
342:
64:
1337:
670:
295:
225:
210:
204:
1440:
1216:
216:
1264:
1512:
1184:, updated in 1964, had a similar order under the name
1394:
243:
234:
213:
198:
195:
1292:
228:
222:
1399:L. seed proteins and its systematic implications".
971:
Sweet William Dwarf from the family Caryophyllaceae
657:(2003), this order includes well-known plants like
219:
1261:
318:The members of Caryophyllales include about 6% of
2518:
1479:Characteristics and Phylogenetic Relationships
1498:
1253:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1268:. Melbourne University Publishing. p.
1171:
207:
1505:
1491:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1341:Plant Systematics: A Phylogenetic Approach
1146:APG should rather be compared to subclass
29:
1458:
1259:
1244:
1234:
1197:
985:This represents a slight change from the
1447:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1425:
1401:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1364:
1223:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1081:
974:
966:
956:
943:
837:
716:
370:
1381:
2519:
2235:
2234:
1486:
2478:0cb0e4f0-f028-4b46-80df-ec8b04ae34d9
2455:3D6C2D95-5319-3EA0-6A12-93C51D5B9E40
2416:926464e2-0388-4e8a-a500-b647ba4fafe4
1441:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2016).
1434:
1217:Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009).
13:
336:
14:
2548:
1470:
254:) is a diverse and heterogeneous
2215:
2214:
2183:
1413:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2007.00665.x
1260:Clarke, Ian; Lee, Helen (2003).
1236:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x
1180:, last edition in 1935, and the
191:
51:
1344:(3rd ed.). W. H. Freeman.
1419:
1367:"Angiosperm Phylogeny Website"
1358:
1331:
1311:
1286:
313:
1:
1191:
1176:Earlier systems, such as the
1324:Angiosperm Phylogeny Website
1077:
325:. This order is part of the
7:
1428:Taxonomy of Vascular Plants
693:within the Caryophyllales.
10:
2555:
1297:. Springer. pp. 1–4.
406:
2243:
2192:
2181:
2106:
2058:
2040:
2031:
2008:
1997:
1936:
1883:
1870:
1861:
1848:
1837:
1819:
1808:
1780:
1769:
1728:
1678:
1669:
1636:
1632:
1614:
1603:
1577:
1566:
1526:
1430:. Macmillan. p. 660.
1068:family Stegnospermataceae
726:Forest Burr from family
648:
379:
175:
168:
151:
146:
48:Scientific classification
46:
37:
28:
23:
16:Order of flowering plants
1426:Lawrence, G.H.M (1960).
1172:Earlier circumscriptions
1005:family Ancistrocladaceae
653:As circumscribed by the
411:As circumscribed by the
1365:Stephens, P.F. (2020).
1059:family Rhabdodendraceae
1023:family Dioncophyllaceae
403:were added in APG IV.
1118:family Caryophyllaceae
1103:family Achatocarpaceae
1089:
1029:family Drosophyllaceae
1017:family Caryophyllaceae
996:family Achatocarpaceae
982:
972:
964:
952:
949:
851:
730:
376:
2437:Paleobiology Database
1130:family Phytolaccaceae
1121:family Chenopodiaceae
1100:order Caryophyllales
1085:
1065:family Simmondsiaceae
1050:family Plumbaginaceae
1047:family Phytolaccaceae
1008:family Asteropeiaceae
993:order Caryophyllales
978:
970:
960:
947:
844:Glinus oppositifolius
841:
720:
697:order Caryophyllales
374:
40:Dianthus caryophyllus
1136:family Molluginaceae
1133:family Portulacaceae
1127:family Nyctaginaceae
1109:family Amaranthaceae
1062:family Sarcobataceae
1056:family Portulacaceae
1041:family Nyctaginaceae
1035:family Molluginaceae
1032:family Frankeniaceae
1002:family Amaranthaceae
980:A flower of Dianthus
368:and Caryophyllales.
1124:family Didiereaceae
1071:family Tamaricaceae
1053:family Polygonaceae
1038:family Nepenthaceae
1020:family Didiereaceae
361:have suggested.' "
286:. Many members are
1160:New to the order (
1112:family Basellaceae
1090:
1044:family Physenaceae
1026:family Droseraceae
1011:family Basellaceae
983:
973:
965:
962:Carnegiea gigantea
950:
932:(added in APG III)
924:Stegnospermataceae
859:(added in APG III)
852:
830:(added in APG III)
823:(added in APG III)
738:(added in APG III)
731:
631:Stegnospermataceae
377:
347:carnivorous plants
284:carnivorous plants
262:that includes the
2537:Angiosperm orders
2514:
2513:
2424:Open Tree of Life
2237:Taxon identifiers
2228:
2227:
2198:Basal angiosperms
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2013:Berberidopsidales
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1765:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1460:10.1111/boj.12385
1351:978-0-87893-407-2
1304:978-3-642-07680-0
1279:978-0-522-85060-4
1087:Chenopodium album
743:Ancistrocladaceae
736:Anacampserotaceae
445:Ancistrocladaceae
439:Anacampserotaceae
184:
183:
142:
2544:
2507:
2506:
2494:
2493:
2481:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2458:
2457:
2445:
2444:
2432:
2431:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2396:
2395:
2393:NHMSYS0021060384
2383:
2382:
2370:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2344:
2343:
2331:
2330:
2318:
2317:
2305:
2304:
2292:
2291:
2279:
2278:
2277:
2264:
2263:
2262:
2232:
2231:
2218:
2217:
2187:
2038:
2037:
2006:
2005:
1868:
1867:
1846:
1845:
1817:
1816:
1778:
1777:
1676:
1675:
1634:
1633:
1612:
1611:
1594:Austrobaileyales
1575:
1574:
1553:Acrogymnospermae
1515:flowering plants
1507:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1438:
1432:
1431:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1392:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1319:"Caryophyllales"
1315:
1309:
1308:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1267:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1238:
1214:
1178:Wettstein system
1115:family Cactaceae
1106:family Aizoaceae
1094:Cronquist system
1014:family Cactaceae
999:family Aizoaceae
906:Rhabdodendraceae
785:Dioncophyllaceae
723:Pupalia lappacea
613:Rhabdodendraceae
487:Dioncophyllaceae
290:, having fleshy
260:flowering plants
250:
246:
241:
240:
237:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
197:
130:
56:
55:
33:
21:
20:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2545:
2543:
2542:
2541:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2502:
2497:
2489:
2484:
2476:
2471:
2463:
2461:
2453:
2448:
2440:
2435:
2427:
2422:
2414:
2412:
2404:
2399:
2391:
2386:
2378:
2373:
2365:
2360:
2352:
2347:
2339:
2334:
2326:
2321:
2313:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2287:
2282:
2273:
2272:
2267:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2239:
2229:
2224:
2188:
2155:
2102:
2054:
2027:
2002:
1985:
1956:Crossosomatales
1932:
1879:
1857:
1842:
1833:
1813:
1804:
1795:Trochodendrales
1774:
1757:
1724:
1665:
1628:
1624:Ceratophyllales
1608:
1599:
1571:
1562:
1543:Marchantiophyta
1522:
1511:
1473:
1468:
1439:
1435:
1424:
1420:
1393:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1363:
1359:
1352:
1336:
1332:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1291:
1287:
1280:
1258:
1254:
1215:
1198:
1194:
1174:
1080:
955:
828:Lophiocarpaceae
797:Drosophyllaceae
773:Caryophyllaceae
702:Achatocarpaceae
683:venus fly traps
651:
541:Macarthuriaceae
535:Lophiocarpaceae
499:Drosophyllaceae
475:Caryophyllaceae
421:Achatocarpaceae
409:
389:Macarthuriaceae
382:
339:
337:Circumscription
316:
304:Caryophyllaceae
248:
244:
194:
190:
160:
156:
154:Caryophyllineae
129:
50:
24:Caryophyllales
17:
12:
11:
5:
2552:
2551:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2527:Caryophyllales
2512:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2495:
2491:wfo-9000000088
2482:
2469:
2459:
2446:
2433:
2420:
2410:
2397:
2384:
2371:
2358:
2345:
2332:
2319:
2306:
2293:
2280:
2275:Caryophyllales
2265:
2249:
2247:
2245:Caryophyllales
2241:
2240:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2206:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2098:Paracryphiales
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2041:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2023:Caryophyllales
2020:
2015:
2009:
2003:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1889:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1814:
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1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1792:
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1759:
1758:
1756:
1755:
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1740:
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1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1698:
1692:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1664:
1663:
1658:
1653:
1648:
1642:
1640:
1630:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1621:
1615:
1609:
1606:Mesangiosperms
1604:
1601:
1600:
1598:
1597:
1591:
1585:
1578:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1548:Polypodiophyta
1545:
1540:
1535:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1472:
1471:External links
1469:
1467:
1466:
1433:
1418:
1380:
1357:
1350:
1330:
1310:
1303:
1285:
1278:
1252:
1229:(2): 105–121.
1195:
1193:
1190:
1173:
1170:
1148:Caryophyllidae
1140:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
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1030:
1027:
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1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
954:
951:
942:
941:
940:
939:
933:
926:
920:
918:Simmondsiaceae
914:
908:
902:
896:
890:
888:Plumbaginaceae
884:
882:Phytolaccaceae
878:
872:
866:
860:
853:
831:
824:
817:
811:
805:
799:
793:
787:
781:
775:
769:
763:
757:
751:
749:Asteropeiaceae
745:
739:
732:
710:
704:
650:
647:
646:
645:
639:
633:
627:
625:Simmondsiaceae
621:
615:
609:
603:
597:
595:Plumbaginaceae
591:
589:Phytolaccaceae
585:
579:
573:
567:
561:
555:
549:
543:
537:
531:
525:
519:
513:
507:
501:
495:
489:
483:
477:
471:
465:
459:
453:
451:Asteropeiaceae
447:
441:
435:
429:
423:
413:APG III system
408:
405:
381:
378:
338:
335:
315:
312:
187:Caryophyllales
182:
181:
173:
172:
166:
165:
149:
148:
144:
143:
127:Caryophyllales
124:
120:
119:
114:
107:
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101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
68:
67:
62:
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2121:Metteniusales
2119:
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2109:
2105:
2099:
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2078:Escalloniales
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
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2000:Superasterids
1996:
1982:
1979:
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1893:Zygophyllales
1891:
1890:
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1811:Core eudicots
1807:
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1619:Chloranthales
1617:
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1201:
1196:
1189:
1187:
1186:Centrospermae
1183:
1182:Engler system
1179:
1169:
1167:
1163:
1158:
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1135:
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931:
927:
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921:
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912:Sarcobataceae
909:
907:
903:
901:
900:Portulacaceae
897:
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883:
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877:
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870:Nyctaginaceae
867:
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849:Molluginaceae
846:
845:
840:
836:
835:Molluginaceae
832:
829:
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822:
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816:
815:Halophytaceae
812:
810:
806:
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803:Frankeniaceae
800:
798:
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786:
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780:
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768:
764:
762:
758:
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750:
746:
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737:
733:
729:
728:Amaranthaceae
725:
724:
719:
715:
714:Amaranthaceae
711:
709:
705:
703:
699:
698:
696:
695:
694:
692:
688:
687:bougainvillea
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:APG II system
644:
640:
638:
634:
632:
628:
626:
622:
620:
619:Sarcobataceae
616:
614:
610:
608:
607:Portulacaceae
604:
602:
598:
596:
592:
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586:
584:
580:
578:
577:Petiveriaceae
574:
572:
571:Nyctaginaceae
568:
566:
562:
560:
556:
554:
553:Molluginaceae
550:
548:
544:
542:
538:
536:
532:
530:
526:
524:
520:
518:
517:Halophytaceae
514:
512:
508:
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505:Frankeniaceae
502:
500:
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488:
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478:
476:
472:
470:
466:
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460:
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454:
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448:
446:
442:
440:
436:
434:
433:Amaranthaceae
430:
428:
424:
422:
418:
417:
416:
414:
404:
402:
401:Petiveriaceae
398:
394:
390:
386:
373:
369:
367:
362:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
334:
332:
331:DNA sequences
328:
327:core eudicots
324:
321:
311:
309:
308:Molluginaceae
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
239:
188:
180:
179:
178:Centrospermae
174:
171:
167:
164:
163:
162:Portulacineae
159:
155:
150:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
117:Superasterids
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
78:Tracheophytes
76:
73:
70:
69:
66:
63:
60:
59:
54:
49:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2244:
2068:Aquifoliales
2022:
1961:Picramniales
1923:Cucurbitales
1903:Malpighiales
1853:Saxifragales
1785:Ranunculales
1753:Zingiberales
1748:Commelinales
1701:Dioscoreales
1582:Amborellales
1558:Angiospermae
1477:Tree of Life
1450:
1446:
1436:
1427:
1421:
1407:(1): 57–63.
1404:
1400:
1396:
1371:. Retrieved
1369:. Version 14
1360:
1340:
1333:
1322:
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1294:
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1175:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1143:
1141:
1091:
1086:
984:
979:
961:
937:Tamaricaceae
894:Polygonaceae
864:Nepenthaceae
847:from family
842:
779:Didiereaceae
755:Barbeuiaceae
721:
652:
643:Tamaricaceae
601:Polygonaceae
565:Nepenthaceae
547:Microteaceae
481:Didiereaceae
457:Barbeuiaceae
410:
393:Microteaceae
383:
363:
351:
341:As with all
340:
317:
186:
185:
176:
158:Polygonineae
152:
126:
110:
97:
84:
71:
38:
18:
2349:iNaturalist
2269:Wikispecies
2136:Gentianales
2131:Boraginales
2060:Campanulids
1976:Brassicales
1898:Celastrales
1840:Superrosids
1829:Dilleniales
1730:Commelinids
1719:Asparagales
1689:Alismatales
1661:Magnoliales
1588:Nymphaeales
1569:Angiosperms
1530:Supergroup
1453:(1): 1–20.
1246:10654/18083
1166:Nepenthales
1153:Cronquist.
876:Physenaceae
809:Gisekiaceae
791:Droseraceae
761:Basellaceae
583:Physenaceae
511:Gisekiaceae
493:Droseraceae
463:Basellaceae
366:Polygonales
314:Description
282:, and many
247:-ee-oh-fih-
91:Angiosperms
2521:Categories
2204:Alismatids
2116:Icacinales
2093:Dipsacales
2018:Santalales
1971:Huerteales
1966:Sapindales
1946:Geraniales
1908:Oxalidales
1824:Gunnerales
1707:Pandanales
1646:Canellales
1638:Magnoliids
1513:Orders of
1397:Amaranthus
1192:References
989:, of 1998
987:APG system
930:Talinaceae
857:Montiaceae
663:carnations
637:Talinaceae
559:Montiaceae
276:ice plants
268:carnations
147:Suborders
2151:Vahliales
2146:Solanales
2126:Garryales
2083:Bruniales
2073:Asterales
1790:Proteales
1651:Piperales
1538:Bryophyta
1078:Cronquist
821:Limeaceae
767:Cactaceae
708:Aizoaceae
529:Limeaceae
469:Cactaceae
427:Aizoaceae
397:Cactaceae
288:succulent
272:amaranths
61:Kingdom:
2473:VicFlora
2462:VASCAN:
2254:Wikidata
2220:Category
2210:Lilioids
2141:Lamiales
2050:Ericales
2045:Cornales
2033:Asterids
1981:Malvales
1951:Myrtales
1772:Eudicots
1738:Arecales
1713:Liliales
1683:Acorales
1671:Monocots
1656:Laurales
523:Kewaceae
385:Kewaceae
300:betalain
170:Synonyms
104:Eudicots
2108:Lamiids
2088:Apiales
1938:Malvids
1928:Fagales
1918:Rosales
1913:Fabales
1875:Vitales
1800:Buxales
1373:10 June
935:family
928:family
922:family
916:family
910:family
904:family
898:family
892:family
886:family
880:family
874:family
868:family
862:family
855:family
833:family
826:family
819:family
813:family
807:family
801:family
795:family
789:family
783:family
777:family
771:family
765:family
759:family
753:family
747:family
741:family
734:family
712:family
706:family
700:family
679:sundews
675:rhubarb
667:spinach
641:family
635:family
629:family
623:family
617:family
611:family
605:family
599:family
593:family
587:family
581:family
575:family
569:family
563:family
557:family
551:family
545:family
539:family
533:family
527:family
521:family
515:family
509:family
503:family
497:family
491:family
485:family
479:family
473:family
467:family
461:family
455:family
449:family
443:family
437:family
431:family
425:family
419:family
407:APG III
358:locules
323:species
320:eudicot
140:J.Presl
136:Bercht.
123:Order:
65:Plantae
2504:196217
2429:216628
2413:NZOR:
2289:214981
2260:Q21808
1885:Fabids
1863:Rosids
1743:Poales
1519:APG IV
1348:
1301:
1276:
1162:sensu
691:clades
685:, and
649:APG II
399:, and
380:APG IV
298:. The
296:leaves
138:&
2499:WoRMS
2450:Plazi
2442:54896
2380:19520
2367:10254
2362:IRMNG
2354:47366
2328:1CAFO
2302:8ZXGG
1532:Plant
1151:sensu
1144:sensu
659:cacti
354:clade
292:stems
280:beets
264:cacti
256:order
251:-leez
132:Juss.
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
72:Clade
2406:3524
2401:NCBI
2375:ITIS
2336:GBIF
2323:EPPO
2315:4223
2284:APNI
1375:2020
1346:ISBN
1299:ISBN
1274:ISBN
1092:The
671:beet
343:taxa
306:and
245:KARR
2486:WFO
2388:NBN
2341:422
2310:EoL
2297:CoL
1455:doi
1451:181
1409:doi
1405:155
1241:hdl
1231:doi
1227:161
953:APG
294:or
258:of
249:LAY
134:ex
2523::
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2271::
2256::
1449:.
1445:.
1403:.
1383:^
1321:.
1272:.
1270:56
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1225:.
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1199:^
1188:.
1168:.
681:,
677:,
673:,
669:,
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270:,
266:,
232:iː
226:eɪ
211:oʊ
202:ær
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100::
87::
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