392:
793:
518:
603:
785:
805:
654:
219:
671:
8686:
6203:
309:
817:
722:
620:
637:
773:
756:
739:
292:, that scientifically are considered succulents. A practical horticultural definition has become "a succulent plant is any desert plant that a succulent plant collector wishes to grow", without any consideration of scientific classifications. Commercial presentations of "succulent" plants will present those that customers commonly identify as such. Plants offered commercially then as "succulents", such as
705:
583:
27:
692:
180:-resistant plants in which the leaves, stem, or roots have become more than usually fleshy by the development of water-storing tissue. Other sources exclude roots as in the definition "a plant with thick, fleshy and swollen stems and/or leaves, adapted to dry environments". The difference affects the relationship between succulents and "
473:, which are exposed to high levels of dissolved minerals that are deadly to many other plant species. California is home to close to hundred succulent species that are native to the state, many of them live in coastal environments. Potted succulents are able to grow in most indoor environments with minimal care.
6231:
for their attractiveness and ease of care. They have been cultivated as houseplants since at least the 17th century. If properly potted, succulents require little maintenance to survive indoors. Succulents are very adaptable houseplants and will thrive in a range of indoor conditions. For most plant
448:
Australia, the world's driest inhabited continent, hosts very few native succulents due to the frequent and prolonged droughts. Even Africa, the continent with the most native succulents, does not host many of the plants in its most dry regions. While succulents are unable to grow in these harshest
6246:
A third method is propagation by leaf by allowing the formation of a callus. During this method, a bottom leaf is fully removed from the plant often by twisting or cutting. The leaf then dries out and a callus forms preventing the leaf from absorbing too much moisture and rotting. This method
244:
does not include cacti. Many books covering the cultivation of these plants include "cacti (cactus) and succulents" as the title or part of the title. In botanical terminology, cacti are succulents, but not the reverse, as many succulent plants are not cacti. Cacti form a
449:
of conditions, they are able to grow in conditions that are uninhabitable by other plants. In fact, many succulents are able to thrive in dry conditions, and some are able to last up to two years without water depending on their surroundings and adaptations.
209:. Not all xerophytes are succulents, since there are other ways of adapting to a shortage of water, e.g., by developing small leaves which may roll up or having leathery rather than succulent leaves. Nor are all succulents xerophytes, as plants such as
324:
The storage of water often gives succulent plants a more swollen or fleshy appearance than other plants, a characteristic known as succulence. In addition to succulence, succulent plants variously have other water-saving features. These may include:
280:
characteristic becomes meaningless for dividing plants into genera and families. Different sources may classify the same species differently. Species with intermediate characteristics such as somewhat fleshy leaves or stems may be described as
489:
and mining related activities. The plants are mainly sold to collectors in Asian countries, where there has been a high demand for them. Since 1974, it is illegal to be in possession of protected succulents such as the
445:, the world's driest areas do not make for proper succulent habitats, mainly due to the difficulty such low growing plants or seedlings would have to thrive in environments where they could easily be covered by sand.
276:
and can contain both. In many genera and families, there is a continuous gradation from plants with thin leaves and normal stems to those with very clearly thickened and fleshy leaves or stems. The
357:
waxy, hairy, or spiny outer surface to create a humid micro-habitat around the plant, which reduces air movement near the surface of the plant, and thereby reduces water loss and may create shade
6927:
140:
may be succulent, whereas others are less so or not at all. Many plant families have multiple succulent species found within them, more than 25 plant families. In some families, such as
117:
ecosystems growing in rocky soil. Succulents are characterized by their ability to thrive on limited water sources, such as mist and dew, which makes them equipped to survive in an
8516:
456:, growing on other plants with limited or no contact with the ground, and being dependent on their ability to store water and gaining nutrients by other means; it is seen in
6247:
typically takes up to a few weeks to produce healthy roots that would eventually create new plants. The vegetative propagation can be different according to the species.
828:
There are approximately sixty different plant families that contain succulents. Plant orders, families, and genera in which succulent species occur are listed below.
6360:
8521:
2395:
1758:
5975:
8654:
4605:
2407:
1694:
7078:"Discovery of the first succulent bamboo (Poaceae, Bambusoideae) in a new genus from Laos' karst areas, with a unique adaptation to seasonal drought"
5832:
645:
481:
There is a thriving illegal trade in cacti and succulents. In South Africa, several species of succulent have been threatened with extinction due to
6935:
4678:
3547:
2473:
1896:
5488:
3833:
2748:
2113:
1848:
109:
may be regarded as succulents. The habitats of these water-preserving plants are often in areas with high temperatures and low rainfall, such as
5981:
2245:
1931:
1904:
547:
6239:
where several inches of stem with leaves are cut and after healing, produce a callus. After a week or so, roots may grow. A second method is
4449:
4434:
1878:
1866:
1818:
1806:
1682:
8572:
5363:
4475:
3941:
2632:
1913:
1708:
6788:
7037:
3887:
3857:
3851:
3821:
3619:
2023:
5987:
2584:
2251:
1987:
1890:
1784:
1744:
3899:
3490:
1830:
7059:
8388:
6717:
3815:
2047:
1872:
6256:
391:
6956:
7076:
Haevermans, Thomas; Mantuano, Dulce; Zhou, Meng-Yuan; Lamxay, Vichith; Haevermans, Agathe; Blanc, Patrick; Li, De-Zhu (2020).
296:, will less often include geophytes, in which the swollen storage organ is wholly underground, but will include plants with a
7431:
7413:
7395:
7377:
7359:
7341:
7292:
7270:
6853:
6552:
6460:
6368:
360:
roots very near the surface of the soil, so they are able to take up moisture from very small showers or even from heavy
6627:"Humidity-dependent wound sealing in succulent leaves of Delosperma cooperi – An adaptation to seasonal drought stress"
8578:
6869:
569:
540:
215:
are both succulent and aquatic. Succulents allow themselves to go a long ways without any or low water necessary.
8725:
7473:
6885:"Book review of Jared D. Margulies. 2023. The cactus hunters: Desire and extinction in the illicit succulent trade"
168:
because of their striking and unusual appearance, as well as their ability to thrive with relatively minimal care.
7191:
6816:
7912:
6996:
366:
ability to remain plump and full of water even with high internal temperatures (e.g., 52 °C or 126 °F)
128:
category, since the term describes only the attributes of a particular species; some species in a genus such as
8393:
7015:
792:
7843:
203:
would be classed as succulents. Plants adapted to living in dry environments such as succulents, are termed
8562:
8149:
7664:
7229:
7215:
6261:
329:
6235:
Succulents can be propagated by different means. The most common is vegetative propagation. This includes
317:
8715:
8644:
8398:
7123:
8378:
7284:
6012:
The table below shows the number of succulent species found in some families and their native habitat:
422:
8720:
8710:
8528:
7446:
7144:
530:
8666:
8511:
7561:
7323:
696:
534:
526:
288:
Horticulturists often follow commercial conventions and may exclude other groups of plants such as
199:, are often fleshy with water-storing tissues. Thus, if roots are included in the definition, many
6683:
6539:
8730:
8496:
8420:
1251:
551:
8225:
7031:
6625:
Speck, Olga; Schlechtendahl, Mark; Borm, Florian; Kampowski, Tim; Speck, Thomas (2018-01-16).
8661:
6802:
809:
611:
354:
ribs enabling rapid increases in plant volume and decreasing surface area exposed to the sun
8383:
8280:
8235:
7907:
7466:
6232:
owners, over-watering and associated infections are the main cause of death in succulents.
2908:
797:
777:
747:
397:
300:, that is a swollen above-ground organ at soil level, formed from a stem, a root, or both.
232:
Some who grow succulents as a hobby may use the term in a different way from botanists. In
7883:
6626:
8:
8553:
8098:
7053:
5598:
5494:
4924:
4684:
3613:
3322:
1763:
8491:
8356:
8134:
7826:
7612:
7508:
7100:
7077:
6863:
6770:
6659:
4593:
4323:
2938:
2173:
730:
713:
591:
258:
6280:
602:
8649:
7498:
7493:
7427:
7409:
7391:
7373:
7355:
7337:
7317:
7306:
7288:
7266:
7105:
6906:
6849:
6762:
6725:
6664:
6646:
6548:
6332:
6324:
6180:
6140:
5960:
5766:
5586:
3453:
3412:
2293:
2149:
821:
403:
184:"–plants that survive unfavorable seasons as a resting bud on an underground organ.
6970:
8435:
8341:
8336:
8290:
8183:
8168:
8129:
8054:
7895:
7819:
7716:
7658:
7095:
7085:
6896:
6830:
6695:
6654:
6638:
6314:
5038:
4905:
4042:
3749:
3583:
3088:
2485:
2053:
1854:
1794:
1772:
1424:
1090:
268:
A further difficulty for general identification is that plant families are neither
211:
165:
92:
8230:
6243:
consisting of uprooting an overgrown clump and pulling the stems and roots apart.
433:
biome. While it is often thought that most succulents come from dry areas such as
413:, share an affinity for arid, fast-draining soils, often growing directly on rocks
8689:
8671:
8533:
8362:
8300:
8262:
8198:
8025:
7993:
7954:
7927:
7756:
7751:
7642:
7578:
7459:
7063:
7041:
7019:
7000:
5730:
5532:
5108:
4918:
4151:
3917:
3797:
3577:
3370:
3328:
3220:
3184:
2806:
2640:
2311:
2119:
2089:
1646:
1639:
1293:
1263:
956:
678:
628:
430:
224:
7090:
6699:
1332:
784:
56:
with parts that are thickened, fleshy, and engorged, usually to retain water in
8583:
8548:
8501:
8483:
8447:
8203:
8030:
8008:
7974:
7949:
7932:
7922:
7917:
7799:
7617:
7602:
7556:
7551:
5993:
For some families and subfamilies, most members are succulent; for example the
5891:
5808:
5279:
5015:
5002:
4669:
4563:
4365:
4156:
4007:
3516:
3406:
3238:
3202:
3136:
2914:
2626:
2077:
1963:
1656:
1460:
1436:
1308:
928:
764:
662:
596:
345:
293:
114:
6319:
6302:
8704:
8619:
8367:
8285:
8257:
8220:
8188:
8124:
8093:
8044:
7944:
7746:
7729:
7652:
7632:
7573:
7568:
7516:
7310:
6910:
6766:
6729:
6650:
6541:
Cactus and succulent plants : status survey and conservation action plan
6433:
6328:
6164:
6148:
6112:
5883:
5779:
5682:
5652:
5628:
5616:
5482:
5386:
5183:
5077:
4953:
4930:
4868:
4843:
4801:
4629:
4617:
4569:
4389:
4383:
4371:
4359:
4233:
4203:
4173:
4095:
4066:
4000:
3981:
3958:
3869:
3773:
3755:
3731:
3725:
3695:
3642:
3553:
3529:
3503:
3484:
3465:
3441:
3418:
3376:
3340:
3106:
3076:
2932:
2902:
2890:
2884:
2860:
2812:
2617:
2602:
2568:
2538:
2461:
2377:
2275:
2263:
2227:
2197:
2059:
1979:
1800:
1603:
1561:
1518:
1442:
1300:
1233:
1184:
1053:
804:
674:
653:
623:
606:
501:
370:
218:
200:
181:
136:
106:
85:
6206:
A succulent wall in a nursery in San
Francisco, United States consisting of
8614:
8604:
8506:
8215:
7724:
7691:
7109:
6668:
6336:
6128:
6064:
6006:
5936:
5924:
5918:
5826:
5754:
5748:
5562:
5554:
5545:
5428:
5404:
5380:
5285:
5271:
5231:
5177:
5083:
5069:
5057:
4945:
4898:
4886:
4874:
4795:
4743:
4707:
4659:
4635:
4599:
4587:
4557:
4509:
4466:
4425:
4405:
4395:
4299:
4269:
4263:
4191:
4179:
3950:
3881:
3809:
3803:
3704:
3666:
3634:
3607:
3541:
3535:
3472:
3459:
3436:
3388:
3382:
3304:
3298:
3256:
3214:
3208:
3190:
3166:
3154:
3082:
3040:
3010:
2992:
2986:
2962:
2950:
2872:
2848:
2836:
2824:
2578:
2503:
2479:
2455:
2425:
2359:
2335:
2329:
2269:
2167:
2143:
2095:
2041:
2011:
1969:
1955:
1720:
1584:
1524:
1506:
1466:
1387:
1350:
1227:
1157:
1030:
1012:
993:
759:
742:
657:
497:
486:
426:
233:
153:
149:
83:. The water content of some succulent organs can get up to 90–95%, such as
8430:
8415:
8410:
8346:
8208:
7988:
7959:
7858:
7853:
7701:
7541:
7536:
7521:
6208:
6096:
5969:
5930:
5909:
5874:
5742:
5712:
5676:
5646:
5568:
5539:
5501:
5459:
5440:
5410:
5398:
5256:
5131:
5021:
4989:
4983:
4959:
4912:
4856:
4831:
4778:
4772:
4760:
4737:
4731:
4719:
4713:
4701:
4653:
4551:
4521:
4481:
4417:
4377:
4353:
4341:
4329:
4317:
4293:
4275:
4239:
4215:
4167:
4137:
4119:
4111:
4072:
3911:
3737:
3712:
3672:
3571:
3447:
3430:
3400:
3394:
3352:
3334:
3286:
3280:
3274:
3262:
3160:
3130:
3112:
3070:
2974:
2956:
2866:
2842:
2781:
2772:
2766:
2754:
2742:
2706:
2658:
2652:
2497:
2491:
2443:
2431:
2413:
2383:
2287:
2233:
2209:
2161:
2131:
2083:
2071:
2065:
2029:
1836:
1714:
1670:
1633:
1576:
1530:
1472:
1430:
1374:
1281:
1275:
1197:
1103:
1066:
986:
920:
847:
833:
725:
670:
586:
438:
429:
is home to around a third of all succulent species, most residing in the
262:
7149:. London: Field & Tuer, The Leadenhall Press, E.C. 1888. p. 91.
6846:
The cactus hunters: Desire and extinction in the illicit succulent trade
6774:
6750:
6642:
8459:
8452:
8442:
8425:
8108:
8103:
8039:
7831:
7678:
7637:
7531:
6228:
6202:
6032:
5998:
5944:
5839:
5785:
5706:
5700:
5688:
5670:
5519:
5474:
5422:
5392:
5372:
5333:
5237:
5225:
5154:
5123:
4995:
4977:
4892:
4819:
4752:
4725:
4581:
4527:
4491:
4347:
4335:
4311:
4305:
4131:
4013:
3929:
3893:
3845:
3839:
3595:
3522:
3509:
3346:
3316:
3244:
3178:
3142:
3100:
3058:
3004:
2998:
2980:
2926:
2878:
2818:
2730:
2724:
2694:
2682:
2670:
2596:
2544:
2532:
2323:
2299:
2257:
2185:
2179:
2137:
2125:
2107:
2005:
1999:
1943:
1925:
1884:
1860:
1842:
1812:
1750:
1738:
1616:
1590:
1488:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1344:
1287:
1245:
1221:
1190:
1175:
1145:
1139:
1084:
1072:
1040:
1024:
1000:
968:
962:
881:
492:
458:
418:
409:
289:
80:
6993:
6928:"These tiny succulents are under siege from international crime rings"
816:
788:
Succulents kept at 25 °C (77 °F) in a
Connecticut greenhouse
308:
8567:
8464:
8193:
7998:
7979:
7890:
7814:
7734:
7686:
7627:
7607:
7546:
6901:
6884:
6214:
6080:
6002:
5903:
5800:
5791:
5760:
5724:
5664:
5658:
5634:
5622:
5610:
5580:
5526:
5507:
5453:
5434:
5416:
5357:
5320:
5297:
5291:
5262:
5207:
5160:
5146:
5114:
5089:
5051:
5045:
4965:
4862:
4850:
4837:
4695:
4647:
4641:
4575:
4503:
4497:
4440:
4287:
4227:
4221:
4209:
4197:
4161:
4087:
4054:
4048:
3994:
3987:
3964:
3905:
3875:
3863:
3791:
3761:
3743:
3689:
3601:
3565:
3478:
3364:
3226:
3196:
3148:
3124:
3118:
3052:
3046:
3028:
3022:
2896:
2830:
2700:
2676:
2550:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2419:
2371:
2341:
2317:
2101:
1937:
1664:
1567:
1554:
1548:
1500:
1494:
1398:
1368:
1320:
1078:
1059:
934:
905:
721:
708:
250:
246:
205:
145:
141:
130:
125:
118:
619:
23:; nearly all cacti are succulents, but not all succulents are cacti.
8609:
8599:
8543:
8538:
8305:
8178:
8154:
8071:
7741:
7526:
7012:
6220:
5862:
5820:
5772:
5718:
5694:
5592:
5446:
5339:
5314:
5201:
5100:
5030:
4971:
4936:
4825:
4787:
4766:
4623:
4281:
4251:
4245:
4185:
4143:
4078:
4030:
3973:
3935:
3923:
3827:
3767:
3681:
3660:
3654:
3648:
3496:
3310:
3292:
3172:
3034:
3016:
2944:
2854:
2787:
2712:
2688:
2646:
2590:
2527:
2437:
2401:
2389:
2221:
2203:
2155:
2035:
2017:
1974:
1949:
1919:
1778:
1700:
1596:
1536:
1448:
1362:
1356:
1269:
1257:
1239:
1215:
1209:
1151:
1121:
1036:
1018:
980:
940:
896:
887:
874:
870:
864:
482:
470:
453:
379:
254:
156:
use, the term is sometimes used in a way that excludes plants that
102:
636:
421:, succulents can be found within each continent. According to the
351:
compact, reduced, cushion-like, columnar, or spherical growth form
7794:
7789:
7706:
7696:
5952:
5854:
5814:
5604:
5574:
5513:
5306:
5250:
5243:
5219:
5189:
4880:
4813:
4807:
4545:
4515:
4455:
4125:
4060:
4036:
4022:
3785:
3779:
3718:
3625:
3589:
3559:
3424:
3358:
3268:
3232:
3094:
3064:
2968:
2793:
2736:
2664:
2562:
2467:
2365:
2305:
2239:
2215:
2191:
1993:
1824:
1732:
1676:
1542:
1512:
1454:
1338:
1326:
1133:
856:
841:
261:
similar looking plants in completely different families like the
177:
7146:
Through
England On a Side Saddle in the Time of William and Mary
6718:"In South Africa, Poachers Now Traffic in Tiny Succulent Plants"
6624:
772:
755:
75:
Succulent plants may store water in various structures, such as
8247:
8139:
8059:
8013:
8003:
7964:
7902:
7878:
7873:
7868:
7863:
7482:
6048:
5994:
5868:
5845:
5640:
5465:
5345:
5213:
5195:
5169:
5137:
5008:
4611:
4539:
4533:
4411:
4257:
2920:
2800:
2760:
2718:
2608:
2556:
2449:
2353:
2347:
2281:
1726:
1688:
1622:
1609:
1478:
1203:
1169:
1163:
1127:
1115:
1109:
1096:
974:
952:
946:
911:
738:
640:
442:
434:
297:
240:
regularly excludes cacti. For example, Jacobsen's three volume
161:
157:
110:
41:
30:
Succulent plants have thickened stems, or leaves, such as this
20:
6688:
Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional
Ecology of Plants
6590:
704:
582:
105:
that survive unfavorable periods by dying back to underground
8471:
8405:
8327:
8295:
8252:
8144:
8086:
8081:
8076:
8064:
8049:
8018:
7939:
7597:
7588:
5897:
5736:
5351:
5326:
5063:
3250:
1046:
1006:
691:
466:
339:
313:
196:
53:
26:
7075:
8322:
8317:
7969:
7809:
7784:
7779:
7763:
7622:
1314:
192:
188:
98:
76:
61:
57:
32:
6159:
Australia, Africa, Madagascar, Asia, the
Americas, Europe
8242:
7804:
7451:
6579:
463:
361:
249:
group and apart from one species are native only to the
7372:, London: Cassell for the Royal Horticultural Society,
6415:
6413:
7447:
Succulent Plants of the World - an iNaturalist
Project
6609:
6607:
6605:
6568:
6398:
6388:
6386:
7404:
Martin, Margaret J. & Chapman, Peter R. (1977),
7263:
7192:"Succulent Root Rot: What it is and How to Treat it"
6486:
6475:
6410:
6602:
6519:
504:, the two South African provinces where they grow.
335:
absent, reduced, or cylindrical-to-spherical leaves
6508:
6383:
1342:(succulent geophytes, succulents, and geophytes),
6497:
8702:
7189:
539:but its sources remain unclear because it lacks
7328:(publication date also given as 1930s or 1940s)
7247:. Portland, Obregon: Timber Press. p. 133.
5947:(but extinct since the end of the Cretaceous):
6301:Griffiths, Howard; Males, Jamie (2017-09-11).
6300:
7467:
7403:
7066:South African National Biodiversity Institute
6596:
6585:
8573:International Association for Plant Taxonomy
312:A collection of succulent plants, including
7352:The Complete Book of Cacti & Succulents
6957:"10 Things You Never Knew About Succulents"
7474:
7460:
6349:Jacobsen Handbook op.cit. Volume 3 P. 1259
462:. Succulents also occur as inhabitants of
7388:A Handbook of Succulent Plants (Vols 1–3)
7367:
7099:
7089:
6900:
6843:
6789:"Succulents in their natural environment"
6755:The National Cactus and Succulent Journal
6715:
6658:
6574:
6361:"The Tucson Cactus and Succulent Society"
6318:
570:Learn how and when to remove this message
8517:International Code of Nomenclature (ICN)
7385:
7260:
7013:FloraBase – The Western Australian Flora
6537:
6492:
6481:
6201:
815:
803:
791:
783:
771:
754:
737:
720:
703:
690:
669:
652:
635:
618:
601:
581:
390:
307:
217:
25:
7300:
7278:
6613:
6419:
6404:
6257:Cactus and Succulent Society of America
8703:
7426:, Cheltenham, Glos.: Stanley Thornes,
7421:
7368:Innes, Clive & Wall, Bill (1995),
7349:
7174:
7159:
6882:
6525:
6514:
6392:
1516:(succulents and succulent geophytes),
1318:(succulents and succulent geophytes),
507:
452:Occasionally, succulents may occur as
113:, but succulents may be found even in
7455:
7331:
6922:
6920:
6748:
6711:
6709:
6684:"Succulent plants on arid inselbergs"
6681:
6503:
1378:(succulent geophytes and succulents),
7336:(p/b ed.), New York: Sterling,
511:
176:By definition, succulent plants are
160:would regard as succulents, such as
121:that contains scarce water sources.
7242:
6631:Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology
6358:
13:
7390:, Poole, Dorset: Blandford Press,
6917:
6706:
152:, most species are succulents. In
14:
8742:
8522:ICN for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP)
7440:
6751:"The Habitat of Succulent Plants"
6107:Africa, Arabia, India, Australia
16:Plants adapted to arid conditions
8685:
8684:
7406:Succulents and their cultivation
7370:Cacti, Succulents and Bromeliads
6817:"California's Native Succulents"
6462:Global Invasive Species Database
6175:The Americas, Australia, Africa
6091:Southern Africa, Oceania, Chile
516:
187:The underground organs, such as
164:. Succulents are often grown as
97:. Some definitions also include
7354:, London: Covent Garden Books,
7254:
7236:
7222:
7208:
7190:SproutingIndoors (2020-06-13).
7183:
7179:. New York: Abrams. p. 49.
7168:
7153:
7137:
7116:
7069:
7047:
7025:
7006:
6987:
6963:
6949:
6876:
6837:
6823:
6809:
6795:
6781:
6742:
6716:Trenchard, Tommy (2021-07-31).
6675:
6618:
6531:
5943:There also were some succulent
476:
382:, which retain water abundantly
7164:. New York: Abrams. p. 9.
6448:
6425:
6352:
6343:
6294:
6273:
6197:
6123:Africa, Madagascar, Australia
376:fast wound sealing and healing
1:
7408:, London: Faber & Faber,
6883:Edward, Calvin (2023-12-18).
6868:: CS1 maint: date and year (
6459:(aquatic plant, succulent)",
6267:
6191:Worldwide, except Antarctica
496:without authorisation in the
303:
171:
8563:History of plant systematics
8150:Thorns, spines, and prickles
6934:. 2022-03-08. Archived from
6889:Journal of Political Ecology
6844:Margulies, Jared D. (2023).
6262:Crassulacean acid metabolism
4776:(succulents and geophytes),
332:(CAM) to minimize water loss
330:crassulacean acid metabolism
242:Handbook of Succulent Plants
72:, meaning "juice" or "sap".
7:
7301:Compton, R.H., ed. (n.d.),
7265:, Oxford: Sebastian Kelly,
7126:. Missouri Botanical Garden
7091:10.3897/phytokeys.156.51636
6700:10.1016/j.flora.2013.05.001
6250:
1104:Scilloideae (Hyacinthaceae)
338:reduction in the number of
10:
8749:
8379:Alternation of generations
7481:
7422:Rowley, Gordon D. (1980),
7386:Jacobsen, Hermann (1960),
7285:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
7177:Cacti and Other Succulents
7162:Cacti and Other Succulents
6282:Merriam-Webster: succulent
6227:Succulents are favored as
6043:North and Central America
4100:Drymoglossum niphoboloides
2644:(family Chenopodiaceae):)
395:Succulents, such as these
386:
344:stems as the main site of
265:evolved in the Old World.
68:comes from the Latin word
18:
8680:
8628:
8592:
8529:Cultivated plant taxonomy
8492:Biological classification
8482:
8355:
8271:
8167:
8117:
7842:
7772:
7715:
7677:
7651:
7587:
7507:
7489:
7245:Designing with Succulents
6994:Plants of Southern Africa
6803:"Cactuses and Succulents"
6682:Burke, Antje (May 2013).
6597:Martin & Chapman 1977
6586:Martin & Chapman 1977
6320:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.021
666:, stem and leaf succulent
8389:Evolutionary development
7261:Anderson, Miles (1999),
7230:"Propagating Succulents"
7216:"Propagating Succulents"
6848:. U of Minnesota Press.
697:Cylindropuntia imbricata
525:This section includes a
19:Not to be confused with
8726:Drought-tolerant plants
8040:Hypanthium (Floral cup)
7303:Our South African Flora
6538:Oldfield, Sara (1997).
1354:(succulent geophytes),
899:(also called Principes)
700:: stem, woody succulent
554:more precise citations.
380:mucilaginous substances
222:The center rosette of (
8655:by author abbreviation
8579:Plant taxonomy systems
8497:Botanical nomenclature
7350:Hewitt, Terry (1993),
7334:Cacti & Succulents
7281:The Kew Plant Glossary
7279:Beentje, Henk (2010),
6465:, ISSG, April 15, 2010
6224:
1252:Dendrobium cucumerinum
825:
813:
801:
789:
781:
769:
752:
735:
718:
701:
688:
667:
650:
633:
616:
599:
485:from the wild for the
414:
369:very impervious outer
321:
318:Jardin botanique d'Èze
229:
37:
8662:Botanical expeditions
7175:Kramer, Jack (1977).
7160:Kramer, Jack (1977).
7124:"Crassulaceae Genera"
7022:Retrieved on 2010-1-1
7003:Retrieved on 2010-1-1
6831:"Succulent Care Tips"
6575:Innes & Wall 1995
6205:
1650:Tiganophyta karasense
819:
810:Echeveria derenbergii
807:
795:
787:
775:
758:
741:
724:
707:
694:
673:
656:
639:
622:
612:Haworthia arachnoidea
605:
585:
394:
311:
221:
124:Succulents are not a
64:conditions. The word
29:
8394:Evolutionary history
8384:Double fertilization
8236:Cellular respiration
7332:Hecht, Hans (1994),
7322:: CS1 maint: year (
7283:, Richmond, Surrey:
6959:. 16 September 2018.
6547:. IUCN. p. 24.
6435:Dictionary of Botany
6365:www.tucsoncactus.org
6156:Stem or leaf or root
4104:Lecanopteris carnosa
2909:Cephalocleistocactus
1759:Mesembryanthemoideae
908:(also called Palmae)
798:Kalanchoe longiflora
778:Euphorbia resinifera
748:Beaucarnea recurvata
398:Adromischus marianae
348:, rather than leaves
134:, or family such as
7613:Non-vascular plants
7424:Name that Succulent
7243:Lee, Debra (2007).
6975:succulent-plant.com
6643:10.3762/bjnano.9.20
6018:Family or subfamily
3323:Pseudoacanthocereus
1764:Mesembryanthemaceae
508:Families and genera
423:World Wildlife Fund
8716:Plant common names
8118:Surface structures
7913:Flower development
7305:, Cape Times Ltd,
7062:2016-03-04 at the
7055:Dregeochloa pumila
7040:2013-07-03 at the
7018:1999-10-12 at the
6999:2017-07-28 at the
6749:GINNS, R. (1961).
6722:The New York Times
6303:"Succulent plants"
6225:
5928:(unplaced order)*
5916:(unplaced order)*
2939:Coleocephalocereus
826:
814:
802:
790:
782:
770:
753:
736:
731:Moringa ovalifolia
719:
714:Adansonia digitata
702:
689:
668:
651:
634:
617:
600:
592:Pachypodium lealii
527:list of references
415:
322:
259:parallel evolution
230:
38:
8698:
8697:
8337:Herbaceous plants
8163:
8162:
7433:978-0-85950-447-8
7415:978-0-571-10221-1
7397:978-0-7137-0140-1
7379:978-0-304-32076-9
7361:978-1-85605-402-7
7343:978-0-8069-0549-5
7294:978-1-84246-422-9
7272:978-1-84081-253-4
7196:Sprouting Indoors
6855:978-1-5179-1399-1
6554:978-2-8317-0390-9
6371:on 22 August 2017
6313:(17): R890–R896.
6195:
6194:
6181:Cheirolepidiaceae
6056:Stem (root, leaf)
5976:Pseudofrenelopsis
5961:Cheirolepidiaceae
3454:Weberbauerocereus
2294:Lapidaria (plant)
1383:Xanothorrhoeoidae
822:Senecio angulatus
580:
579:
572:
404:Crassula deceptor
166:ornamental plants
8738:
8721:Plant morphology
8711:Succulent plants
8688:
8687:
8667:Individual trees
8342:Secondary growth
8313:Succulent plants
8301:Prostrate shrubs
8184:Apical dominance
8169:Plant physiology
8130:Epicuticular wax
7675:
7674:
7668:
7659:Plant morphology
7476:
7469:
7462:
7453:
7452:
7436:
7418:
7400:
7382:
7364:
7346:
7327:
7321:
7313:
7297:
7275:
7249:
7248:
7240:
7234:
7233:
7226:
7220:
7219:
7212:
7206:
7205:
7203:
7202:
7187:
7181:
7180:
7172:
7166:
7165:
7157:
7151:
7150:
7141:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7131:
7120:
7114:
7113:
7103:
7093:
7084:(156): 125–137.
7073:
7067:
7051:
7045:
7029:
7023:
7010:
7004:
6991:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6981:
6967:
6961:
6960:
6953:
6947:
6946:
6944:
6943:
6938:on March 8, 2022
6924:
6915:
6914:
6904:
6902:10.2458/jpe.5848
6880:
6874:
6873:
6867:
6859:
6841:
6835:
6834:
6833:. 17 April 2019.
6827:
6821:
6820:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6799:
6793:
6792:
6791:. November 2021.
6785:
6779:
6778:
6746:
6740:
6739:
6737:
6736:
6713:
6704:
6703:
6694:(5–6): 321–329.
6679:
6673:
6672:
6662:
6622:
6616:
6611:
6600:
6599:, pp. 19–20
6594:
6588:
6583:
6577:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6546:
6535:
6529:
6523:
6517:
6512:
6506:
6501:
6495:
6490:
6484:
6479:
6473:
6472:
6471:
6470:
6457:Crassula helmsii
6452:
6446:
6445:
6444:
6443:
6429:
6423:
6417:
6408:
6402:
6396:
6390:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6367:. Archived from
6356:
6350:
6347:
6341:
6340:
6322:
6298:
6292:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6277:
6015:
6014:
5039:Cochlospermaceae
4906:Lentibulariaceae
4606:Pseudopectinaria
3750:Cephalopentandra
2486:Schlechteranthus
2408:Ophthalmophyllum
1855:Mesembryanthemum
1795:Mesembryanthemum
1773:Mesembryanthemum
1695:Ophthalmophyllum
1425:Chrysanthemoides
768:, stem succulent
751:, stem succulent
734:, stem succulent
717:, stem succulent
687:, stem succulent
649:, stem succulent
632:, leaf succulent
615:, leaf succulent
575:
568:
564:
561:
555:
550:this section by
541:inline citations
520:
519:
512:
212:Crassula helmsii
93:Mesembryanthemum
88:semicyllindricum
48:, also known as
46:succulent plants
8748:
8747:
8741:
8740:
8739:
8737:
8736:
8735:
8701:
8700:
8699:
8694:
8676:
8645:Botanical terms
8638:
8624:
8588:
8534:Citrus taxonomy
8512:Author citation
8478:
8372:
8351:
8273:
8267:
8263:Turgor pressure
8171:
8159:
8113:
7928:Floral symmetry
7846:
7838:
7768:
7757:Vascular bundle
7752:Vascular tissue
7711:
7671:
7662:
7661:
7647:
7618:Vascular plants
7583:
7579:Plant pathology
7503:
7485:
7480:
7443:
7434:
7416:
7398:
7380:
7362:
7344:
7315:
7314:
7295:
7273:
7257:
7252:
7241:
7237:
7228:
7227:
7223:
7214:
7213:
7209:
7200:
7198:
7188:
7184:
7173:
7169:
7158:
7154:
7143:
7142:
7138:
7129:
7127:
7122:
7121:
7117:
7074:
7070:
7064:Wayback Machine
7052:
7048:
7044:The Plant List.
7042:Wayback Machine
7030:
7026:
7020:Wayback Machine
7011:
7007:
7001:Wayback Machine
6992:
6988:
6979:
6977:
6969:
6968:
6964:
6955:
6954:
6950:
6941:
6939:
6926:
6925:
6918:
6881:
6877:
6861:
6860:
6856:
6842:
6838:
6829:
6828:
6824:
6815:
6814:
6810:
6801:
6800:
6796:
6787:
6786:
6782:
6747:
6743:
6734:
6732:
6714:
6707:
6680:
6676:
6623:
6619:
6612:
6603:
6595:
6591:
6584:
6580:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6557:
6555:
6544:
6536:
6532:
6524:
6520:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6498:
6491:
6487:
6480:
6476:
6468:
6466:
6454:
6453:
6449:
6441:
6439:
6431:
6430:
6426:
6418:
6411:
6403:
6399:
6391:
6384:
6374:
6372:
6359:Dimmitt, Mark.
6357:
6353:
6348:
6344:
6307:Current Biology
6299:
6295:
6287:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6270:
6253:
6200:
5833:Turbina (plant)
5533:Entandrophragma
5109:Melastomataceae
4152:Asclepiadoideae
3918:Trochomeriopsis
3798:Cyclantheropsis
3578:Dendroportulaca
3371:Samaipaticereus
3329:Pseudorhipsalis
3221:Neowerdermannia
3185:Micranthocereus
2807:Acanthocalycium
2641:Chenopodioideae
2312:Machairophyllum
2120:Cylindrophyllum
2090:Chasmatophyllum
1647:Tiganophytaceae
957:Cryptostephanus
680:Euphorbia obesa
646:Rebutia muscula
629:Astroloba tenax
576:
565:
559:
556:
545:
531:related reading
521:
517:
510:
479:
431:succulent Karoo
389:
306:
225:Aloe polyphylla
174:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8746:
8745:
8734:
8733:
8728:
8723:
8718:
8713:
8696:
8695:
8693:
8692:
8681:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8658:
8657:
8647:
8641:
8639:
8637:
8636:
8635:Related topics
8633:
8629:
8626:
8625:
8623:
8622:
8617:
8612:
8607:
8602:
8596:
8594:
8590:
8589:
8587:
8586:
8584:Taxonomic rank
8581:
8576:
8570:
8565:
8560:
8559:
8558:
8557:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8536:
8526:
8525:
8524:
8519:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8502:Botanical name
8494:
8488:
8486:
8484:Plant taxonomy
8480:
8479:
8477:
8476:
8475:
8474:
8469:
8468:
8467:
8460:Megasporangium
8457:
8456:
8455:
8448:Microsporangia
8440:
8439:
8438:
8433:
8428:
8423:
8413:
8408:
8403:
8402:
8401:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8375:
8373:
8371:
8370:
8365:
8359:
8353:
8352:
8350:
8349:
8344:
8339:
8334:
8333:
8332:
8331:
8330:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8309:
8308:
8303:
8293:
8288:
8286:Cushion plants
8277:
8275:
8269:
8268:
8266:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8239:
8238:
8233:
8223:
8221:Plant hormones
8218:
8213:
8212:
8211:
8204:Photosynthesis
8201:
8196:
8191:
8186:
8181:
8175:
8173:
8165:
8164:
8161:
8160:
8158:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8121:
8119:
8115:
8114:
8112:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8091:
8090:
8089:
8084:
8079:
8069:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8052:
8042:
8037:
8036:
8035:
8034:
8033:
8028:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8016:
7996:
7991:
7986:
7985:
7984:
7983:
7982:
7977:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7952:
7947:
7937:
7936:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7923:Floral formula
7920:
7918:Floral diagram
7915:
7910:
7900:
7899:
7898:
7893:
7888:
7887:
7886:
7881:
7871:
7861:
7856:
7850:
7848:
7847:(incl. Flower)
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7824:
7823:
7822:
7817:
7807:
7797:
7792:
7787:
7782:
7776:
7774:
7770:
7769:
7767:
7766:
7761:
7760:
7759:
7749:
7747:Storage organs
7744:
7739:
7738:
7737:
7727:
7721:
7719:
7713:
7712:
7710:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7683:
7681:
7672:
7670:
7669:
7655:
7649:
7648:
7646:
7645:
7640:
7635:
7633:Spermatophytes
7630:
7625:
7620:
7615:
7610:
7605:
7603:Archaeplastida
7600:
7594:
7592:
7585:
7584:
7582:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7566:
7565:
7564:
7557:Phytogeography
7554:
7552:Phytochemistry
7549:
7544:
7539:
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7513:
7511:
7509:Subdisciplines
7505:
7504:
7502:
7501:
7496:
7490:
7487:
7486:
7479:
7478:
7471:
7464:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7442:
7441:External links
7439:
7438:
7437:
7432:
7419:
7414:
7401:
7396:
7383:
7378:
7365:
7360:
7347:
7342:
7329:
7298:
7293:
7276:
7271:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7250:
7235:
7232:. 31 May 2013.
7221:
7218:. 31 May 2013.
7207:
7182:
7167:
7152:
7136:
7115:
7068:
7046:
7024:
7005:
6986:
6962:
6948:
6916:
6875:
6854:
6836:
6822:
6808:
6794:
6780:
6741:
6705:
6674:
6637:(1): 175–186.
6617:
6601:
6589:
6578:
6567:
6553:
6530:
6518:
6507:
6496:
6485:
6474:
6447:
6424:
6409:
6397:
6382:
6351:
6342:
6293:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6265:
6264:
6259:
6252:
6249:
6199:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6189:
6186:
6183:
6177:
6176:
6173:
6170:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6157:
6154:
6151:
6145:
6144:
6137:
6134:
6131:
6125:
6124:
6121:
6118:
6115:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6102:
6099:
6093:
6092:
6089:
6086:
6083:
6077:
6076:
6073:
6070:
6067:
6061:
6060:
6057:
6054:
6051:
6045:
6044:
6041:
6038:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6025:
6024:Modified parts
6022:
6019:
5966:
5965:
5914:
5913:
5892:Zygophyllaceae
5879:
5878:
5850:
5849:
5836:
5809:Convolvulaceae
5796:
5795:
5776:
5550:
5549:
5536:
5523:
5498:
5470:
5469:
5450:
5368:
5367:
5330:
5302:
5301:
5280:Menispermaceae
5267:
5266:
5247:
5165:
5164:
5142:
5141:
5119:
5118:
5096:
5095:
5094:
5093:
5042:
5026:
5025:
5016:Phyllanthaceae
5012:
5003:Passifloraceae
4999:
4941:
4940:
4909:
4902:
4847:
4783:
4782:
4748:
4747:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4689:
4688:
4679:Cryptolepideae
4670:Periplocoideae
4665:
4664:
4663:
4564:Notechidnopsis
4487:
4486:
4485:
4462:
4461:
4460:
4445:
4366:Schlechterella
4157:Asclepiadaceae
4107:
4106:
4083:
4082:
4018:
4017:
4008:Fouquieriaceae
4004:
3991:
3969:
3968:
3946:
3945:
3722:
3700:
3699:
3677:
3676:
3630:
3629:
3526:
3517:Phytolaccaceae
3513:
3500:
3469:
3407:Stephanocereus
3239:Cylindropuntia
3203:Myrtillocactus
3137:Leuchtenbergia
2797:
2778:
2777:
2776:
2636:
2627:Amaranthoideae
2614:
2613:
2612:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2474:Ruschianthemum
2078:Cephalophyllum
1983:
1964:Dorotheantheae
1959:
1900:
1897:Synaptophyllum
1754:
1657:Caryophyllales
1652:
1651:
1643:
1630:
1613:
1600:
1572:
1571:
1558:
1437:Crassocephalum
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1379:
1309:Asphodeloideae
1297:
1194:
1181:
1180:
1179:
1100:
1063:
1050:
990:
929:Amaryllidaceae
916:
915:
892:
891:
878:
852:
851:
765:Dracaena draco
663:Crassula ovata
597:stem succulent
578:
577:
560:September 2012
535:external links
524:
522:
515:
509:
506:
478:
475:
417:Other than in
388:
385:
384:
383:
377:
374:
367:
364:
358:
355:
352:
349:
346:photosynthesis
342:
336:
333:
305:
302:
294:hen and chicks
283:semi-succulent
257:, but through
236:use, the term
173:
170:
107:storage organs
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8744:
8743:
8732:
8731:Garden plants
8729:
8727:
8724:
8722:
8719:
8717:
8714:
8712:
8709:
8708:
8706:
8691:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8656:
8653:
8652:
8651:
8648:
8646:
8643:
8642:
8640:
8634:
8631:
8630:
8627:
8621:
8620:Phytochemical
8618:
8616:
8613:
8611:
8608:
8606:
8603:
8601:
8598:
8597:
8595:
8591:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8574:
8571:
8569:
8566:
8564:
8561:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8541:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8531:
8530:
8527:
8523:
8520:
8518:
8515:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8499:
8498:
8495:
8493:
8490:
8489:
8487:
8485:
8481:
8473:
8470:
8466:
8463:
8462:
8461:
8458:
8454:
8451:
8450:
8449:
8446:
8445:
8444:
8441:
8437:
8434:
8432:
8429:
8427:
8424:
8422:
8419:
8418:
8417:
8414:
8412:
8409:
8407:
8404:
8400:
8397:
8396:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8376:
8374:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8354:
8348:
8345:
8343:
8340:
8338:
8335:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8307:
8304:
8302:
8299:
8298:
8297:
8294:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8283:
8282:
8279:
8278:
8276:
8270:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8258:Transpiration
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8237:
8234:
8232:
8229:
8228:
8227:
8224:
8222:
8219:
8217:
8214:
8210:
8207:
8206:
8205:
8202:
8200:
8197:
8195:
8192:
8190:
8187:
8185:
8182:
8180:
8177:
8176:
8174:
8170:
8166:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8116:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8088:
8085:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8074:
8073:
8070:
8066:
8063:
8061:
8058:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8046:
8045:Inflorescence
8043:
8041:
8038:
8032:
8029:
8027:
8024:
8020:
8017:
8015:
8012:
8011:
8010:
8007:
8006:
8005:
8002:
8001:
8000:
7997:
7995:
7992:
7990:
7987:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7972:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7951:
7948:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7934:
7931:
7929:
7926:
7924:
7921:
7919:
7916:
7914:
7911:
7909:
7906:
7905:
7904:
7901:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7885:
7882:
7880:
7877:
7876:
7875:
7872:
7870:
7867:
7866:
7865:
7862:
7860:
7857:
7855:
7852:
7851:
7849:
7845:
7841:
7833:
7830:
7828:
7825:
7821:
7818:
7816:
7813:
7812:
7811:
7808:
7806:
7803:
7802:
7801:
7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7777:
7775:
7771:
7765:
7762:
7758:
7755:
7754:
7753:
7750:
7748:
7745:
7743:
7740:
7736:
7733:
7732:
7731:
7730:Ground tissue
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7720:
7718:
7714:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7684:
7682:
7680:
7676:
7673:
7666:
7660:
7657:
7656:
7654:
7653:Plant anatomy
7650:
7644:
7641:
7639:
7636:
7634:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7619:
7616:
7614:
7611:
7609:
7606:
7604:
7601:
7599:
7596:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7586:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7574:Plant ecology
7572:
7570:
7569:Plant anatomy
7567:
7563:
7560:
7559:
7558:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7517:Archaeobotany
7515:
7514:
7512:
7510:
7506:
7500:
7497:
7495:
7492:
7491:
7488:
7484:
7477:
7472:
7470:
7465:
7463:
7458:
7457:
7454:
7448:
7445:
7444:
7435:
7429:
7425:
7420:
7417:
7411:
7407:
7402:
7399:
7393:
7389:
7384:
7381:
7375:
7371:
7366:
7363:
7357:
7353:
7348:
7345:
7339:
7335:
7330:
7325:
7319:
7312:
7308:
7304:
7299:
7296:
7290:
7286:
7282:
7277:
7274:
7268:
7264:
7259:
7258:
7246:
7239:
7231:
7225:
7217:
7211:
7197:
7193:
7186:
7178:
7171:
7163:
7156:
7148:
7147:
7140:
7125:
7119:
7111:
7107:
7102:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7083:
7079:
7072:
7065:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7050:
7043:
7039:
7036:
7034:
7028:
7021:
7017:
7014:
7009:
7002:
6998:
6995:
6990:
6976:
6972:
6966:
6958:
6952:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6923:
6921:
6912:
6908:
6903:
6898:
6894:
6890:
6886:
6879:
6871:
6865:
6857:
6851:
6847:
6840:
6832:
6826:
6818:
6812:
6804:
6798:
6790:
6784:
6776:
6772:
6768:
6764:
6760:
6756:
6752:
6745:
6731:
6727:
6723:
6719:
6712:
6710:
6701:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6685:
6678:
6670:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6621:
6615:
6610:
6608:
6606:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6582:
6576:
6571:
6556:
6550:
6543:
6542:
6534:
6527:
6522:
6516:
6511:
6505:
6500:
6494:
6493:Anderson 1999
6489:
6483:
6482:Jacobsen 1960
6478:
6464:
6463:
6458:
6451:
6437:
6436:
6432:"xerophyte",
6428:
6421:
6416:
6414:
6407:, p. 116
6406:
6401:
6394:
6389:
6387:
6370:
6366:
6362:
6355:
6346:
6338:
6334:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6297:
6284:
6283:
6276:
6272:
6263:
6260:
6258:
6255:
6254:
6248:
6244:
6242:
6238:
6233:
6230:
6223:
6222:
6217:
6216:
6211:
6210:
6204:
6190:
6187:
6185:4, maybe more
6184:
6182:
6179:
6178:
6174:
6172:Leaf and stem
6171:
6168:
6166:
6165:Portulacaceae
6163:
6162:
6158:
6155:
6152:
6150:
6149:Euphorbiaceae
6147:
6146:
6142:
6138:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6122:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6113:Asphodelaceae
6111:
6110:
6106:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6094:
6090:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6078:
6074:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6062:
6059:The Americas
6058:
6055:
6052:
6050:
6047:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6036:
6034:
6031:
6030:
6027:Distribution
6026:
6023:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5996:
5991:
5990:
5989:
5984:
5983:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5971:
5963:
5962:
5958:
5957:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5948:
5946:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5932:
5927:
5926:
5921:
5920:
5912:
5911:
5906:
5905:
5900:
5899:
5894:
5893:
5889:
5888:
5887:
5886:
5885:
5884:Zygophyllales
5877:
5876:
5871:
5870:
5865:
5864:
5860:
5859:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5848:
5847:
5842:
5841:
5837:
5835:
5834:
5829:
5828:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5804:
5803:
5802:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5787:
5782:
5781:
5780:Saxifragaceae
5777:
5775:
5774:
5769:
5768:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5739:
5738:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5720:
5715:
5714:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5697:
5696:
5691:
5690:
5685:
5684:
5683:Perrierosedum
5679:
5678:
5673:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5660:
5655:
5654:
5653:Meterostachys
5649:
5648:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5636:
5631:
5630:
5629:Hylotelephium
5625:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5617:Graptopetalum
5613:
5612:
5607:
5606:
5601:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5588:
5583:
5582:
5577:
5576:
5571:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5556:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5516:
5515:
5510:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5490:
5489:Operculicaria
5485:
5484:
5483:Anacardiaceae
5480:
5479:
5478:
5477:
5476:
5468:
5467:
5462:
5461:
5456:
5455:
5451:
5449:
5448:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5436:
5431:
5430:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5394:
5389:
5388:
5387:Actinanthella
5383:
5382:
5378:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5374:
5366:
5365:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5353:
5348:
5347:
5342:
5341:
5336:
5335:
5331:
5329:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5317:
5316:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5282:
5281:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5265:
5264:
5259:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5246:
5245:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5233:
5228:
5227:
5222:
5221:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5209:
5204:
5203:
5198:
5197:
5192:
5191:
5186:
5185:
5184:Abromeitiella
5180:
5179:
5175:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5171:
5163:
5162:
5157:
5156:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5149:
5148:
5140:
5139:
5135:(geophytes):
5134:
5133:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5125:
5117:
5116:
5111:
5110:
5106:
5105:
5104:
5103:
5102:
5092:
5091:
5086:
5085:
5080:
5079:
5078:Sterculiaceae
5074:
5073:
5072:
5071:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5024:
5023:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5011:
5010:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4961:
4956:
4955:
4954:Euphorbiaceae
4951:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4947:
4939:
4938:
4933:
4932:
4931:Sesamothamnus
4927:
4926:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4903:
4901:
4900:
4895:
4894:
4889:
4888:
4883:
4882:
4877:
4876:
4871:
4870:
4869:Perrierastrum
4865:
4864:
4859:
4858:
4853:
4852:
4848:
4846:
4845:
4844:Streptocarpus
4840:
4839:
4834:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4822:
4821:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4809:
4804:
4803:
4802:Aeschynanthus
4798:
4797:
4793:
4792:
4791:
4790:
4789:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4763:
4762:
4758:
4757:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4721:
4716:
4715:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4703:
4698:
4697:
4693:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4680:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4661:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4638:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4630:Stapelianthus
4626:
4625:
4620:
4619:
4618:Rhytidocaulon
4614:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4589:
4584:
4583:
4578:
4577:
4572:
4571:
4570:Orbea (plant)
4566:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4553:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4524:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4512:
4511:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4493:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4443:
4442:
4437:
4436:
4431:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4413:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4398:
4397:
4392:
4391:
4390:Trachycalymma
4386:
4385:
4384:Stomatostemma
4380:
4379:
4374:
4373:
4372:Stathmostelma
4368:
4367:
4362:
4361:
4360:Schizoglossum
4356:
4355:
4350:
4349:
4344:
4343:
4338:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4326:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4271:
4266:
4265:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4253:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4234:Dischidiopsis
4230:
4229:
4224:
4223:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4205:
4204:Chlorocyathus
4200:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4174:Aspidoglossum
4170:
4169:
4164:
4163:
4158:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4140:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4117:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4097:
4096:Polypodiaceae
4093:
4092:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4074:
4069:
4068:
4067:Neorautanenia
4063:
4062:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4045:
4044:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4028:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4016:
4015:
4010:
4009:
4005:
4003:
4002:
4001:Sphyrospermum
3997:
3996:
3992:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3983:
3982:Balsaminaceae
3979:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3975:
3967:
3966:
3961:
3960:
3959:Dioscoreaceae
3956:
3955:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3944:
3943:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3931:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3907:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3878:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3853:
3848:
3847:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3835:
3834:Gerrandanthus
3830:
3829:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3811:
3806:
3805:
3800:
3799:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3774:Corallocarpus
3770:
3769:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:Ceratosanthes
3752:
3751:
3746:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3733:
3732:Acanthosicyos
3728:
3727:
3726:Cucurbitaceae
3723:
3721:
3720:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3707:
3706:
3698:
3697:
3696:Schismocarpus
3692:
3691:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3675:
3674:
3669:
3668:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3651:
3650:
3645:
3644:
3643:Commelinaceae
3640:
3639:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:Calyptrotheca
3550:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3530:Portulacaceae
3527:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:Molluginaceae
3501:
3499:
3498:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3485:Alluaudiopsis
3481:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3466:Yungasocereus
3462:
3461:
3456:
3455:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3443:
3442:Turbinicarpus
3439:
3438:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3420:
3419:Strombocactus
3415:
3414:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3390:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3377:Schlumbergera
3373:
3372:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3342:
3341:Pygmaeocereus
3337:
3336:
3331:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3300:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3276:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3259:
3258:
3253:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3234:
3229:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3217:
3216:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3192:
3187:
3186:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3168:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:Jasminocereus
3103:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3077:Gymnocalycium
3073:
3072:
3067:
3066:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3054:
3049:
3048:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3025:
3024:
3019:
3018:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2933:Cleistocactus
2929:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2911:
2910:
2905:
2904:
2903:Cephalocereus
2899:
2898:
2893:
2892:
2891:Calymmanthium
2887:
2886:
2885:Brasilicereus
2881:
2880:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2862:
2861:Bergerocactus
2857:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2814:
2813:Acanthocereus
2809:
2808:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2750:
2749:Sclerochlamys
2745:
2744:
2739:
2738:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2721:
2720:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2708:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2696:
2691:
2690:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2619:
2618:Amaranthaceae
2615:
2611:
2610:
2605:
2604:
2603:Tribulocarpus
2599:
2598:
2593:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2571:
2570:
2569:Zeuktophyllum
2565:
2564:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2552:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2540:
2539:Trichodiadema
2535:
2534:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2518:
2517:
2512:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2499:
2494:
2493:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2462:Rhombophyllum
2458:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2446:
2445:
2440:
2439:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2421:
2416:
2415:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2338:
2337:
2332:
2331:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2313:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2289:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2277:
2276:Juttadinteria
2272:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2264:Jensenobotrya
2260:
2259:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2228:Glottiphyllum
2224:
2223:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:
2198:Esterhuysenia
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2175:
2170:
2169:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2114:Corpuscularia
2110:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2060:Brianhuntleya
2056:
2055:
2050:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2014:
2013:
2008:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1980:Dorotheanthus
1977:
1976:
1972:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1928:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1898:
1893:
1892:
1887:
1886:
1881:
1880:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1862:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1849:Marlothistela
1845:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1820:
1815:
1814:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1802:
1801:Calamophyllum
1797:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1746:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1690:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1635:
1631:
1629:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1605:
1604:Capparidaceae
1601:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1592:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1563:
1562:Campanulaceae
1559:
1557:
1556:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1519:Phaneroglossa
1515:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1415:
1414:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1352:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1328:
1323:
1322:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:Asphodelaceae
1298:
1296:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1234:Cirrhopetalum
1230:
1229:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1211:
1206:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1193:
1192:
1187:
1186:
1185:Doryanthaceae
1182:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1099:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1054:Lomandroideae
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
997:
996:
995:
991:
989:
988:
983:
982:
977:
976:
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
958:
954:
950:
948:
943:
942:
937:
936:
932:(geophytes):
931:
930:
926:
925:
924:
923:
922:
914:
913:
909:
907:
903:
902:
901:
900:
898:
890:
889:
884:
883:
879:
877:
876:
872:
867:
866:
862:
861:
860:
859:
858:
850:
849:
844:
843:
839:
838:
837:
836:
835:
829:
824:
823:
818:
812:
811:
806:
800:
799:
794:
786:
780:
779:
774:
767:
766:
761:
757:
750:
749:
744:
740:
733:
732:
727:
723:
716:
715:
710:
706:
699:
698:
693:
686:
685:
681:
676:
675:Euphorbiaceae
672:
665:
664:
659:
655:
648:
647:
642:
638:
631:
630:
625:
624:Asphodelaceae
621:
614:
613:
608:
607:Asphodelaceae
604:
598:
594:
593:
588:
584:
574:
571:
563:
553:
549:
543:
542:
536:
532:
528:
523:
514:
513:
505:
503:
502:Northern Cape
499:
495:
494:
488:
484:
474:
472:
468:
465:
461:
460:
455:
450:
446:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
412:
411:
406:
405:
400:
399:
393:
381:
378:
375:
372:
368:
365:
363:
359:
356:
353:
350:
347:
343:
341:
337:
334:
331:
328:
327:
326:
319:
315:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
286:
284:
279:
275:
274:non-succulent
271:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
235:
234:horticultural
227:
226:
220:
216:
214:
213:
208:
207:
202:
198:
194:
190:
185:
183:
179:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
154:horticultural
151:
147:
143:
139:
138:
137:Asphodelaceae
133:
132:
127:
122:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:
89:
87:
86:Glottiphyllum
82:
78:
73:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
35:
34:
28:
22:
8615:Horticulture
8605:Floriculture
8507:Correct name
8357:Reproduction
8347:Woody plants
8312:
8272:Plant growth
8231:Gas Exchange
8216:Phytomelanin
8094:Plant embryo
7844:Reproductive
7692:Phragmoplast
7423:
7405:
7387:
7369:
7351:
7333:
7302:
7280:
7262:
7255:Bibliography
7244:
7238:
7224:
7210:
7199:. Retrieved
7195:
7185:
7176:
7170:
7161:
7155:
7145:
7139:
7128:. Retrieved
7118:
7081:
7071:
7054:
7049:
7032:
7027:
7008:
6989:
6978:. Retrieved
6974:
6965:
6951:
6940:. Retrieved
6936:the original
6931:
6892:
6888:
6878:
6845:
6839:
6825:
6811:
6797:
6783:
6761:(2): 29–30.
6758:
6754:
6744:
6733:. Retrieved
6721:
6691:
6687:
6677:
6634:
6630:
6620:
6614:Compton n.d.
6592:
6581:
6570:
6558:. Retrieved
6540:
6533:
6521:
6510:
6499:
6488:
6477:
6467:, retrieved
6461:
6456:
6450:
6440:, retrieved
6434:
6427:
6422:, p. 32
6420:Beentje 2010
6405:Beentje 2010
6400:
6373:. Retrieved
6369:the original
6364:
6354:
6345:
6310:
6306:
6296:
6286:, retrieved
6281:
6275:
6245:
6240:
6236:
6234:
6226:
6219:
6213:
6207:
6139:Madagascar (
6129:Didiereaceae
6065:Crassulaceae
6011:
6007:Crassulaceae
5992:
5986:
5982:Suturovagina
5980:
5974:
5968:
5967:
5959:
5950:
5949:
5942:
5937:Pyrenacantha
5935:
5929:
5925:Heliotropium
5923:
5919:Boraginaceae
5917:
5915:
5908:
5902:
5896:
5890:
5881:
5880:
5873:
5867:
5861:
5852:
5851:
5844:
5838:
5831:
5827:Stictocardia
5825:
5819:
5813:
5807:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5784:
5778:
5771:
5765:
5759:
5755:Thompsonella
5753:
5749:Sinocrassula
5747:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5681:
5675:
5669:
5663:
5657:
5651:
5645:
5639:
5633:
5627:
5621:
5615:
5609:
5603:
5597:
5591:
5585:
5579:
5573:
5567:
5563:Crassulaceae
5561:
5555:Saxifragales
5552:
5551:
5546:Erythrophysa
5544:
5538:
5531:
5525:
5518:
5512:
5506:
5500:
5493:
5487:
5481:
5472:
5471:
5464:
5458:
5452:
5445:
5439:
5433:
5429:Plicosepalus
5427:
5421:
5415:
5409:
5405:Helixanthera
5403:
5397:
5391:
5385:
5381:Loranthaceae
5379:
5370:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5350:
5344:
5338:
5332:
5325:
5319:
5313:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5290:
5286:Chasmanthera
5284:
5278:
5272:Ranunculales
5269:
5268:
5261:
5255:
5249:
5242:
5236:
5230:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5194:
5188:
5182:
5178:Bromeliaceae
5176:
5167:
5166:
5159:
5153:
5144:
5143:
5136:
5130:
5121:
5120:
5113:
5107:
5098:
5097:
5088:
5084:Brachychiton
5082:
5076:
5070:Pseudobombax
5068:
5062:
5058:Cavanillesia
5056:
5050:
5044:
5037:
5028:
5027:
5020:
5014:
5007:
5001:
4994:
4988:
4982:
4976:
4970:
4964:
4958:
4952:
4946:Malpighiales
4943:
4942:
4935:
4929:
4923:
4917:
4911:
4904:
4899:Thorncroftia
4897:
4891:
4887:Solenostemon
4885:
4879:
4875:Plectranthus
4873:
4867:
4861:
4855:
4849:
4842:
4836:
4830:
4824:
4818:
4812:
4806:
4800:
4796:Gesneriaceae
4794:
4785:
4784:
4777:
4771:
4765:
4759:
4750:
4749:
4744:Squamellaria
4742:
4736:
4730:
4724:
4718:
4712:
4708:Anthospermum
4706:
4700:
4694:
4683:
4677:
4668:
4660:Whitesloanea
4658:
4652:
4646:
4640:
4636:Stapeliopsis
4634:
4628:
4622:
4616:
4610:
4604:
4600:Pseudolithos
4598:
4592:
4588:Pachycymbium
4586:
4580:
4574:
4568:
4562:
4558:Larryleachia
4556:
4550:
4544:
4538:
4532:
4526:
4520:
4514:
4510:Desmidorchis
4508:
4502:
4496:
4490:
4480:
4474:
4467:Maxillarieae
4465:
4454:
4448:
4439:
4433:
4426:Asclepiadeae
4424:
4416:
4410:
4406:Vincetoxicum
4404:
4400:
4396:Trichocaulon
4394:
4388:
4382:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4300:Odontostelma
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4274:
4268:
4264:Glossostelma
4262:
4256:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4208:
4202:
4196:
4192:Brachystelma
4190:
4184:
4180:Aspidonepsis
4178:
4172:
4166:
4160:
4150:
4142:
4136:
4130:
4124:
4118:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4094:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4020:
4019:
4012:
4006:
3999:
3993:
3986:
3980:
3971:
3970:
3963:
3957:
3951:Dioscoreales
3948:
3947:
3940:
3934:
3928:
3922:
3916:
3910:
3904:
3898:
3892:
3886:
3882:Neoalsomitra
3880:
3874:
3868:
3862:
3856:
3850:
3844:
3838:
3832:
3826:
3820:
3814:
3810:Dendrosicyos
3808:
3804:Dactyliandra
3802:
3796:
3790:
3784:
3778:
3772:
3766:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3724:
3717:
3711:
3705:Cucurbitales
3702:
3701:
3694:
3688:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3667:Tradescantia
3665:
3659:
3653:
3647:
3641:
3635:Commelinales
3632:
3631:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3608:Portulacaria
3606:
3600:
3594:
3588:
3582:
3576:
3570:
3564:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3542:Anacampseros
3540:
3536:Amphipetalum
3534:
3528:
3521:
3515:
3508:
3502:
3495:
3489:
3483:
3477:
3473:Didiereaceae
3471:
3464:
3460:Weberocereus
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3437:Trichocereus
3435:
3429:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3405:
3399:
3393:
3389:Selenicereus
3387:
3383:Sclerocactus
3381:
3375:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3339:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3305:Pilosocereus
3303:
3299:Pereskiopsis
3297:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3273:
3267:
3261:
3257:Ortegocactus
3255:
3249:
3243:
3237:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3215:Neoraimondia
3213:
3209:Neobuxbaumia
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3177:
3171:
3167:Mammilloydia
3165:
3159:
3155:Malacocarpus
3153:
3147:
3141:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3093:
3087:
3083:Haageocereus
3081:
3075:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3045:
3041:Espostoopsis
3039:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3011:Epithelantha
3009:
3003:
2997:
2993:Echinocereus
2991:
2987:Echinocactus
2985:
2979:
2973:
2967:
2963:Dendrocereus
2961:
2955:
2951:Corryocactus
2949:
2943:
2937:
2931:
2925:
2919:
2913:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2873:Brachycereus
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2849:Austrocactus
2847:
2841:
2837:Arthrocereus
2835:
2829:
2825:Armatocereus
2823:
2817:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2771:
2765:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2723:
2717:
2711:
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2681:
2675:
2669:
2663:
2657:
2651:
2645:
2639:
2631:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2601:
2595:
2589:
2583:
2579:Sesuvioideae
2577:
2567:
2561:
2555:
2549:
2543:
2537:
2531:
2526:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2504:Smicrostigma
2502:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2480:Ruschianthus
2478:
2472:
2466:
2460:
2456:Rhinephyllum
2454:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2426:Ottosonderia
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2396:Odontophorus
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2364:
2360:Namaquanthus
2358:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2336:Mitrophyllum
2334:
2330:Meyerophytum
2328:
2322:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2270:Jordaaniella
2268:
2262:
2256:
2250:
2246:Ihlenfeldtia
2244:
2238:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2190:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2168:Drosanthemum
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2144:Dinteranthus
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2096:Cheiridopsis
2094:
2088:
2082:
2076:
2070:
2064:
2058:
2052:
2046:
2042:Bergeranthus
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2012:Antegibbaeum
2010:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1986:
1978:
1973:
1970:Aethephyllum
1968:
1962:
1956:Skiatophytum
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1932:Caryotophora
1930:
1924:
1918:
1912:
1905:Ruschioideae
1903:
1895:
1889:
1883:
1877:
1871:
1865:
1859:
1853:
1847:
1841:
1835:
1829:
1823:
1817:
1811:
1805:
1799:
1793:
1792:(synonym of
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1770:(synonym of
1767:
1757:
1749:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1721:Aizoanthemum
1719:
1713:
1707:
1699:
1693:
1687:
1681:
1675:
1669:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1621:
1615:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1585:Brassicaceae
1583:
1574:
1573:
1566:
1560:
1553:
1547:
1541:
1535:
1529:
1525:Poecilolepis
1523:
1517:
1511:
1507:Osteospermum
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1486:(geophyte),
1484:Hillardiella
1483:
1477:
1471:
1467:Eremothamnus
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1396:
1395:
1388:Xanthorrhoea
1386:
1382:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1351:Chortolirion
1349:
1348:(geophyte),
1343:
1337:
1333:× Astrolista
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1299:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1228:Bulbophyllum
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1158:Ornithogalum
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1114:
1108:
1102:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1058:
1052:
1045:
1035:
1031:Hesperoyucca
1029:
1023:
1017:
1013:Beschorneria
1011:
1005:
999:
994:Asparagaceae
992:
985:
979:
973:
967:
961:
951:
945:
939:
933:
927:
918:
917:
910:
904:
894:
893:
886:
880:
869:
863:
854:
853:
846:
840:
831:
830:
827:
820:
808:
796:
776:
763:
760:Asparagaceae
746:
743:Asparagaceae
729:
712:
695:
683:
679:
661:
658:Crassulaceae
644:
627:
610:
590:
566:
557:
546:Please help
538:
498:Western Cape
491:
487:black market
480:
477:Conservation
457:
451:
447:
427:South Africa
416:
408:
402:
396:
323:
287:
282:
277:
273:
269:
267:
247:monophyletic
241:
237:
231:
223:
210:
204:
186:
175:
150:Crassulaceae
135:
129:
123:
91:
84:
74:
69:
65:
60:climates or
49:
45:
39:
31:
8431:Pollen tube
8426:Pollinators
8416:Pollination
8411:Germination
8226:Respiration
8209:Chlorophyll
8055:Pedicellate
7989:Gametophyte
7908:Aestivation
7859:Antheridium
7854:Archegonium
7702:Plasmodesma
7679:Plant cells
7542:Paleobotany
7537:Ethnobotany
7522:Astrobotany
6528:, p. 2
6526:Rowley 1980
6515:Hewitt 1993
6395:, p. 1
6393:Rowley 1980
6229:houseplants
6209:Sempervivum
6198:Cultivation
6097:Apocynaceae
6072:Leaf (root)
6021:Succulent #
5970:Frenelopsis
5945:gymnosperms
5940:(geophyte)
5931:Icacinaceae
5910:Zygophyllum
5875:Cyphostemma
5743:Sempervivum
5713:Pseudosedum
5677:Pachyphytum
5647:Lenophyllum
5599:Cremnophila
5569:Adromischus
5540:Sapindaceae
5502:Burseraceae
5495:Pachycormus
5460:Santalaceae
5441:Tapinanthus
5411:Moquiniella
5399:Erianthemum
5257:Dregeochloa
5132:Oxalidaceae
5022:Phyllanthus
4990:Phyllanthus
4984:Pedilanthus
4960:Cnidoscolus
4925:Pterodiscus
4913:Pedaliaceae
4857:Aeollanthus
4832:Nematanthus
4779:Sarcocaulon
4773:Pelargonium
4761:Geraniaceae
4738:Phylohydrax
4732:Myrmephytum
4720:Hydrophylax
4714:Hydnophytum
4702:Anthorrhiza
4685:Cryptolepis
4654:Tromotriche
4552:Huerniopsis
4522:Echidnopsis
4482:Rudolfiella
4450:Gonolobinae
4435:Asclepiadne
4418:Xysmalobium
4378:Stenostelma
4354:Sarcorrhiza
4342:Raphionacme
4330:Periglossum
4318:Pachycarpus
4294:Miraglossum
4276:Ischnolepis
4240:Duvaliandra
4216:Cordylogyne
4168:Australluma
4138:Pachypodium
4120:Apocynaceae
4112:Gentianales
4073:Pachyrhizus
3912:Trochomeria
3738:Apodanthera
3713:Begoniaceae
3673:Tripogandra
3614:Schreiteria
3572:Calandrinia
3448:Uebelmannia
3431:Thelocactus
3401:Stenocereus
3395:Stenocactus
3353:Rauhocereus
3335:Pterocactus
3287:Peniocereus
3281:Pelecyphora
3275:Pediocactus
3263:Pachycereus
3161:Mammillaria
3131:Leptocereus
3113:Lasiocereus
3071:Geohintonia
2975:Discocactus
2957:Coryphantha
2867:Blossfeldia
2843:Astrophytum
2782:Basellaceae
2773:Threlkeldia
2767:Tecticornia
2755:Sclerolaena
2743:Sarcocornia
2707:Osteocarpum
2659:Dissocarpus
2653:Chenopodium
2498:Scopelogena
2492:Schwantesia
2444:Psammophora
2432:Pleiospilos
2414:Orthopterum
2384:Neohenricia
2288:Lampranthus
2234:Hallianthus
2210:Fenestraria
2162:Dracophilus
2132:Dicrocaulon
2084:Cerochlamys
2072:Carruanthus
2066:Carpobrotus
2030:Argyroderma
1879:Psilocaulon
1867:Phyllobolus
1837:Hartmanthus
1819:Dactylopsis
1807:Caulipsilon
1790:Brownanthus
1715:Acrosanthes
1683:Herreanthus
1671:Corbichonia
1634:Moringaceae
1577:Brassicales
1531:Polyachyrus
1473:Gymnodiscus
1431:Coulterella
1375:Trachyandra
1282:Polystachya
1276:Oeceoclades
1198:Orchidaceae
1067:Nolinoideae
987:Stenomesson
921:Asparagales
848:Zamioculcas
834:Alismatales
726:Moringaceae
587:Apocynaceae
552:introducing
439:semi-desert
316:, from the
263:Apocynaceae
8705:Categories
8453:Microspore
8443:Sporangium
8421:Artificial
8109:Sporophyte
8104:Sporophyll
8099:Receptacle
7994:Gynandrium
7864:Androecium
7773:Vegetative
7643:Angiosperm
7638:Gymnosperm
7532:Dendrology
7201:2020-06-15
7130:2017-10-26
7033:Parakeelya
6980:2018-02-07
6971:"Apiaceae"
6942:2022-03-16
6735:2022-03-16
6504:Hecht 1994
6469:2012-09-23
6442:2012-09-23
6375:5 February
6288:2015-04-13
6268:References
6075:Worldwide
6033:Agavoideae
5999:Agavoideae
5840:Solanaceae
5786:Micranthes
5707:Prometheum
5701:Pistorinia
5689:Petrosedum
5671:Orostachys
5520:Commiphora
5475:Sapindales
5423:Pedistylis
5393:Agelanthus
5373:Santalales
5364:Sarcopilea
5334:Urticaceae
5238:Tillandsia
5226:Neoregelia
5155:Piperaceae
5124:Oxalidales
4996:Synadenium
4978:Monadenium
4893:Tetradenia
4820:Codonanthe
4753:Geraniales
4726:Myrmecodia
4667:subfamily
4594:Pectinaria
4582:Piaranthus
4528:Edithcolea
4492:Stapelieae
4476:Lycastinae
4348:Riocreuxia
4336:Petopentia
4324:Parapodium
4312:Orbeanthus
4306:Ophionella
4149:subfamily
4132:Mandevilla
4014:Fouquieria
3942:Zygosicyos
3930:Xerosicyos
3894:Parasicyos
3846:Halosicyos
3840:Gynostemma
3596:Parakeelya
3523:Phytolacca
3510:Hypertelis
3347:Quiabentia
3317:Praecereus
3245:Oreocereus
3179:Melocactus
3143:Lophophora
3101:Hylocereus
3059:Ferocactus
3005:Epiphyllum
2999:Echinopsis
2981:Disocactus
2927:Cipocereus
2879:Browningia
2819:Ariocarpus
2731:Salicornia
2725:Halosarcia
2695:Malacocera
2683:Halopeplis
2671:Enchylaena
2638:subfamily
2633:Arthraerva
2624:subfamily
2597:Trianthema
2576:subfamily
2545:Vanheerdea
2533:Titanopsis
2324:Mestoklema
2300:Leipoldtia
2258:Jacobsenia
2186:Enarganthe
2180:Ebracteola
2174:Eberlanzia
2138:Didymaotus
2126:Delosperma
2108:Conophytum
2006:Amphibolia
2000:Aloinopsis
1944:Hymenogyne
1926:Carpanthea
1914:Apatesieae
1902:subfamily
1885:Ruschiella
1861:Phiambolia
1843:Hymenogyne
1813:Conophytum
1756:subfamily
1751:Tetragonia
1739:Gunniopsis
1709:Aizooideae
1706:subfamily
1628:Jacarathia
1617:Caricaceae
1591:Heliophila
1489:Lopholaena
1419:Baeriopsis
1413:Arctotheca
1407:Asteraceae
1381:subfamily
1345:Bulbinella
1306:subfamily
1288:Tridactyle
1246:Cyrtorchis
1222:Bolusiella
1191:Doryanthes
1176:Veltheimia
1146:Ledebouria
1140:Lachenalia
1085:Dasylirion
1073:Beaucarnea
1041:Polianthes
1025:Hesperaloe
1001:Agavoideae
969:Haemanthus
963:Cyrtanthus
882:Araliaceae
684:symmetrica
493:Conophytum
459:Tillandsia
419:Antarctica
410:Conophytum
304:Appearance
290:bromeliads
206:xerophytes
172:Definition
50:succulents
8650:Botanists
8568:Herbarium
8465:Megaspore
8363:Evolution
8306:Subshrubs
8274:and habit
8199:Nutrition
8194:Cellulose
8189:Bulk flow
8172:Materials
8135:Epidermis
7999:Gynoecium
7980:Endosperm
7975:Dispersal
7891:Staminode
7827:Sessility
7815:Cataphyll
7735:Mesophyll
7687:Cell wall
7628:Lycophyte
7608:Bryophyte
7562:Geobotany
7547:Phycology
7311:222867742
7082:PhytoKeys
6911:1073-0451
6864:cite book
6767:0027-8858
6730:0362-4331
6651:2190-4286
6329:0960-9822
6215:Echeveria
6153:> 1000
6081:Aizoaceae
6049:Cactaceae
6003:Aizoaceae
5995:Cactaceae
5904:Seetzenia
5801:Solanales
5792:Saxifraga
5767:Umbilicus
5761:Tylecodon
5725:Rosularia
5665:Mucizonia
5659:Monanthes
5635:Kalanchoe
5623:Greenovia
5611:Echeveria
5587:Cotyledon
5581:Aichryson
5527:Meliaceae
5508:Boswellia
5454:Viscaceae
5435:Septulina
5417:Oncocalyx
5358:Pouzolzia
5321:Dorstenia
5298:Tinospora
5292:Stephania
5263:Laobambos
5208:Connellia
5161:Peperomia
5147:Piperales
5115:Medinilla
5090:Sterculia
5075:subgroup
5052:Adansonia
5046:Malvaceae
4966:Euphorbia
4863:Dauphinea
4851:Lamiaceae
4838:Sinningia
4696:Rubiaceae
4648:Tridentea
4642:Tavaresia
4576:Orbeopsis
4504:Caralluma
4498:Angolluma
4473:subtribe
4447:subtribe
4441:Asclepias
4432:subtribe
4401:Tylophora
4288:Marsdenia
4228:Dischidia
4222:Cynanchum
4210:Cibirhiza
4198:Ceropegia
4162:Absolmsia
4088:Filicales
4055:Lotononis
4049:Erythrina
3995:Ericaceae
3988:Impatiens
3965:Dioscorea
3906:Telfairia
3888:Odosicyos
3876:Momordica
3864:Lagenaria
3858:Kedostris
3852:Ibervilla
3822:Eureindra
3792:Cucurbita
3780:Cucumella
3762:Citrullus
3744:Brandegea
3690:Loasaceae
3620:Talinella
3602:Portulaca
3566:Cistanthe
3479:Alluaudia
3413:Stetsonia
3365:Rhipsalis
3227:Obregonia
3197:Monvillea
3149:Maihuenia
3125:Lepismium
3119:Leocereus
3053:Facheiroa
3047:Eulychnia
3029:Escontria
3023:Escobaria
2897:Carnegiea
2831:Arrojadoa
2801:Cactaceae
2701:Neobassia
2677:Eremophea
2551:Vanzijlia
2522:Stomatium
2516:Stoeberia
2510:Stayneria
2420:Oscularia
2372:Nananthus
2342:Monilaria
2318:Malephora
2150:Diplosoma
2102:Circandra
2024:Arenifera
1938:Conicosia
1665:Aizoaceae
1568:Brighamia
1555:Tripteris
1549:Solanecio
1501:Nidorella
1495:Monoculus
1399:Asterales
1369:Haworthia
1321:Astroloba
1079:Calibanus
1060:Cordyline
935:Amaryllis
906:Arecaceae
709:Malvaceae
641:Cactaceae
471:dry lakes
454:epiphytes
278:succulent
270:succulent
251:New World
238:succulent
201:geophytes
182:geophytes
158:botanists
146:Cactaceae
142:Aizoaceae
131:Euphorbia
126:taxonomic
119:ecosystem
103:geophytes
95:barkleyii
66:succulent
8690:Category
8610:Forestry
8600:Agronomy
8593:Practice
8544:Cultivar
8539:Cultigen
8399:timeline
8291:Rosettes
8179:Aleurone
8155:Trichome
8072:Perianth
7884:Filament
7742:Meristem
7665:glossary
7527:Bryology
7318:citation
7110:32913413
7060:Archived
7038:Archived
7016:Archived
6997:Archived
6775:42788160
6669:29441263
6337:28898660
6251:See also
6241:division
6237:cuttings
6221:Crassula
5988:Glenrosa
5863:Vitaceae
5821:Merremia
5773:Villadia
5719:Rhodiola
5695:Phedimus
5593:Crassula
5447:Vanwykia
5340:Laportea
5315:Moraceae
5202:Catopsis
5101:Myrtales
5031:Malvales
4972:Jatropha
4937:Uncarina
4826:Columnea
4788:Lamiales
4767:Monsonia
4624:Stapelia
4403:(now in
4282:Lavrania
4252:Fanninia
4246:Eustegia
4186:Baynesia
4144:Plumeria
4079:Tylosema
4043:Dolichos
4031:Fabaceae
3974:Ericales
3936:Zehneria
3924:Tumamoca
3828:Fevillea
3768:Coccinia
3682:Cornales
3661:Cyanotis
3655:Callisia
3649:Aneilema
3584:Grahamia
3497:Didierea
3311:Polaskia
3293:Pereskia
3173:Matucana
3089:Harrisia
3035:Espostoa
3017:Eriosyce
2945:Copiapoa
2855:Aztekium
2788:Anredera
2713:Rhagodia
2689:Maireana
2647:Atriplex
2591:Sesuvium
2585:Cypselea
2528:Tanquana
2438:Polymita
2402:Oophytum
2390:Octopoma
2252:Imitaria
2222:Gibbaeum
2204:Faucaria
2156:Disphyma
2054:Braunsia
2036:Astridia
2018:Antimima
1988:Ruschiae
1975:Cleretum
1950:Saphesia
1920:Apatesia
1891:Sarozona
1785:Aspazoma
1779:Aridaria
1745:Plinthus
1701:Saphesia
1597:Lepidium
1537:Pteronia
1449:Delairea
1363:Gonialoe
1357:Gasteria
1270:Oberonia
1258:Eulophia
1240:Calanthe
1216:Ansellia
1210:Aerangis
1152:Massonia
1122:Daubenya
1091:Dracaena
1037:Manfreda
1019:Furcraea
981:Scadoxus
941:Boophone
897:Arecales
888:Cussonia
875:Crithmum
871:Azorella
865:Apiaceae
483:poaching
320:, France
255:Americas
8368:Ecology
8125:Cuticle
7955:Capsule
7945:Anatomy
7896:Tapetum
7820:Petiole
7795:Rhizome
7790:Rhizoid
7717:Tissues
7707:Vacuole
7697:Plastid
7499:Outline
7494:History
7101:7455575
6932:Animals
6660:5789399
6141:endemic
5953:Pinales
5855:Vitales
5815:Ipomoea
5731:Sedella
5605:Dudleya
5575:Aeonium
5514:Bursera
5307:Rosales
5251:Poaceae
5244:Vriesea
5220:Hechtia
5190:Aechmea
4919:Holubia
4881:Rotheca
4814:Chirita
4808:Alsobia
4546:Huernia
4516:Duvalia
4456:Matelea
4126:Adenium
4061:Lupinus
4037:Delonix
4023:Fabales
3900:Syrigia
3786:Cucumis
3719:Begonia
3626:Talinum
3590:Lewisia
3560:Ceraria
3491:Decaria
3425:Tacinga
3359:Rebutia
3269:Parodia
3233:Opuntia
3095:Hatiora
3065:Frailea
2969:Denmoza
2794:Basella
2737:Salsola
2665:Einadia
2563:Wooleya
2468:Ruschia
2366:Namibia
2306:Lithops
2240:Hereroa
2216:Frithia
2192:Erepsia
1994:Acrodon
1831:Hameria
1825:Erepsia
1768:Aptenia
1733:Galenia
1677:Gisekia
1640:Moringa
1543:Senecio
1513:Othonna
1455:Didelta
1339:Bulbine
1327:Tulista
1294:Vanilla
1264:Liparis
1170:Urginea
1134:Eucomis
857:Apiales
842:Araceae
548:improve
435:steppes
387:Habitat
371:cuticle
340:stomata
178:drought
111:deserts
101:, thus
8672:Plants
8575:(IAPT)
8328:Lianas
8296:Shrubs
8248:Starch
8140:Nectar
8060:Raceme
8026:Stigma
8014:Locule
8004:Carpel
7965:Pyrena
7903:Flower
7879:Anther
7874:Stamen
7869:Pollen
7591:groups
7483:Botany
7430:
7412:
7394:
7376:
7358:
7340:
7309:
7291:
7269:
7108:
7098:
6909:
6852:
6773:
6765:
6728:
6667:
6657:
6649:
6560:18 May
6551:
6438:, 2001
6335:
6327:
6218:, and
6005:, and
5951:Order
5882:Order
5869:Cissus
5853:Order
5846:Nolana
5799:Order
5641:Kungia
5553:Order
5473:Order
5466:Viscum
5457:(syn.
5371:Order
5346:Obetia
5305:Order
5270:Order
5214:Dyckia
5196:Ananas
5170:Poales
5168:Order
5145:Order
5138:Oxalis
5122:Order
5099:Order
5029:Order
5009:Adenia
4944:Order
4786:Order
4751:Order
4676:tribe
4612:Quaqua
4540:Hoodia
4534:Frerea
4489:tribe
4464:tribe
4423:tribe
4412:Woodia
4258:Fockea
4155:(syn.
4110:Order
4086:Order
4021:Order
3972:Order
3949:Order
3816:Doyera
3703:Order
3680:Order
3633:Order
3548:Avonia
2921:Cintia
2915:Cereus
2761:Suaeda
2719:Roycea
2609:Zaleya
2557:Vlokia
2450:Rabiea
2354:Muiria
2348:Mossia
2282:Khadia
2048:Bijlia
1985:tribe
1961:tribe
1911:tribe
1873:Prenia
1762:(syn.
1727:Aizoon
1689:Limeum
1655:Order
1623:Carica
1610:Maerua
1575:Order
1479:Gynura
1461:Emilia
1397:Order
1204:Acampe
1164:Scilla
1128:Drimia
1116:Bowiea
1110:Albuca
1097:Nolina
975:Rauhia
953:Crinum
947:Clivia
919:Order
912:Jubaea
895:Order
855:Order
832:Order
467:coasts
443:desert
441:, and
373:(skin)
298:caudex
253:, the
197:tubers
195:, and
148:, and
115:alpine
77:leaves
54:plants
52:, are
42:botany
21:cactus
8632:Lists
8549:Group
8472:Spore
8406:Flora
8323:Vines
8318:Trees
8281:Habit
8253:Sugar
8145:Stoma
8087:Sepal
8082:Petal
8077:Tepal
8065:Umbel
8050:Bract
8031:Style
8019:Ovule
8009:Ovary
7950:Berry
7940:Fruit
7933:Whorl
7800:Shoot
7598:Algae
7589:Plant
6895:(1).
6771:JSTOR
6545:(PDF)
5898:Augea
5737:Sedum
5352:Pilea
5327:Ficus
5064:Ceiba
3870:Marah
3251:Oroya
2378:Nelia
1443:Curio
1047:Yucca
1007:Agave
682:ssp.
533:, or
314:cacti
193:corms
189:bulbs
162:cacti
99:roots
81:stems
70:sucus
8554:Grex
8436:Self
7970:Seed
7832:Stem
7810:Leaf
7785:Root
7780:Bulb
7764:Wood
7725:Cork
7623:Fern
7428:ISBN
7410:ISBN
7392:ISBN
7374:ISBN
7356:ISBN
7338:ISBN
7324:link
7307:OCLC
7289:ISBN
7267:ISBN
7106:PMID
6907:ISSN
6870:link
6850:ISBN
6763:ISSN
6726:ISSN
6665:PMID
6647:ISSN
6562:2023
6549:ISBN
6377:2017
6333:PMID
6325:ISSN
6188:Leaf
6169:~500
6136:Stem
6120:Leaf
6117:500+
6104:Stem
6088:Leaf
6085:2000
6069:1300
6053:1600
6040:Leaf
5232:Puya
4270:Hoya
3191:Mila
1315:Aloe
500:and
469:and
407:and
272:nor
90:and
79:and
62:soil
58:arid
33:Aloe
8243:Sap
7960:Nut
7805:Bud
7096:PMC
7086:doi
6897:doi
6696:doi
6692:208
6655:PMC
6639:doi
6315:doi
6101:500
6037:300
5463:):
4409:),
4159:):
1798:),
1776:),
1766:):
464:sea
362:dew
40:In
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7320:}}
7316:{{
7287:,
7194:.
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7094:.
7080:.
6973:.
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6866:}}
6862:{{
6769:.
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