Loggerhead sea turtle

1771: 1468:. Nesting sites along the eastern Pacific Basin are rare. mtDNA sequence polymorphism analysis and tracking studies suggest 95% of the population along the coast of the Americas hatch on the Japanese Islands in the western Pacific. The turtles are transported by the prevailing currents across the full length of the northern Pacific, one of the longest migration routes of any marine animal. The return journey to the natal beaches in Japan has been long suspected, although the trip would cross unproductive clear water with few feeding opportunities. Evidence of a return journey came from an adult female loggerhead named Adelita, which in 1996, equipped with a satellite tracking device, made the 14,500 km (9,000 mi) trip from Mexico across the Pacific. Adelita was the first animal of any kind ever tracked across an ocean basin. 1273: 1257: 1571:

with eyes open or half-shut and are easily alerted during this state. At night, captives sleep in the same position with their eyes tightly shut, and are slow to react. Loggerheads spend up to 85% of their day submerged, with males being the more active divers than females. The average duration of dives is 15–30 min, but they can stay submerged for up to four hours. Juvenile loggerheads and adults differ in their swimming methods. A juvenile keeps its forelimbs pressed to the side of its carapace, and propels itself by kicking with its hind limbs. As the juvenile matures, its swimming method is progressively replaced with the adult's alternating-limb method. They depend entirely on this method of swimming by one year old.

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ruling stated that longline fisheries may not interact with over 46 loggerhead sea turtles a year, a number thought to not interfere with survival and recovery of loggerhead sea turtles. This ruling was revised March 10, 2011 to reduce the number of allowed interactions from 46 a year to 17, a revision aimed to protect the loggerheads and maintain fishery yield. November 18, 2011 the pelagic shallow-set longline fisheries in Hawaii reached the annual limit on physical interactions with turtles and was closed by NMFS. Incidental interaction limit for loggerhead turtles was increased from 17 to 34 interactions a year starting November 5, 2012.

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male's curved claws usually damage the shoulders of the female's shell during this process. Other courting males bite the male while he is attempting to copulate, damaging his flippers and tail, possibly exposing bones. Such damage can cause the male to dismount and may require weeks to heal. While nesting, females produce an average of 3.9 egg clutches, and then become quiescent, producing no eggs for two to three years. Unlike other sea turtles, courtship and mating usually do not take place near the nesting beach, but rather along migration routes between feeding and breeding grounds. Recent evidence indicates

2165: 2099:. The eggs are laid near the water so the hatchlings can return to the sea. The loggerhead's sex is dictated by the temperature of the underground nest. Incubation temperatures generally range from 26–32 °C (79–90 °F). Sea turtle eggs kept at a constant incubating temperature of 32 °C become females. Eggs incubating at 28 °C become males. An incubation temperature of 30 °C results in an equal ratio of male to female hatchlings. Hatchlings from eggs in the middle of the clutch tend to be the largest, grow the fastest, and be the most active during the first few days of sea life. 1367: 2071: 6752: 139: 6613: 2354:

season, a higher temperature will cause the duration of time between laying two different nests to become shorter. The amount of food availability makes a difference in reproductive output because when there is a greater amount of food available, the turtles will grow to a larger size. The larger a turtle is, the more likely they will have a greater reproductive output. The amount of food also has a relationship to temperature. Researchers have found that an increase of temperature causes feeding grounds to produce more food.

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excavate an egg chamber in which the eggs are deposited. The females then cover the egg chamber and body pit with sand, and finally return to the sea. This process takes one to two hours, and occurs in open sand areas or on top of sand dunes, preferably near dune grasses that the females can use to camouflage the nest. The nesting area must be selected carefully because it affects characteristics such as fitness, emergence ratio, and vulnerability to nest predators. Loggerheads have an average

200: 1242: 2374: 1599:, is common among loggerheads. Ritualized aggression escalates from passive threat displays to combat. This conflict primarily occurs over access to feeding grounds. Escalation typically follows four steps. First, initial contact is stimulated by visual or tactile cues. Second, confrontation occurs, beginning with passive confrontations characterized by wide head-tail circling. They begin aggressive confrontation when one turtle ceases to circle and directly faces the other. Third, 2173: 2087: 1797: 1939:) by British settlers in the 19th century led to significant reductions in loggerhead sea turtle populations. In one coastal section in eastern Australia during the 1970s, predation of turtle eggs destroyed up to 95% of all clutches laid. Aggressive efforts to destroy foxes in the 1980s and 1990s has reduced this impact; however, it is estimated that it will be the year 2020 before populations will experience complete recovery from such dramatic losses. 158: 2486:

The 2012 BiOp is an integral component to managing the shallow-set fishery, because the one-year incidental take statement (ITS, including reasonable and prudent management measures, and terms and conditions) forms the basis for regulations that specify the annual limits on leatherback and North Pacific loggerhead sea turtle interactions with the fishery that are necessary to manage the impacts of the fishery on sea turtles.

1950:) is the most destructive predator of nesting sites. Mortality rates of nearly 100% of all clutches laid in a season have been recorded on some Florida beaches. This is attributed to an increase in raccoon populations, which have flourished in urban environments. Aggressive efforts to protect nesting sites by covering them with wire mesh has significantly reduced the impact of raccoon predation on loggerhead sea turtle eggs. 2475:(SST) charts published by NOAA's Coast Watch Program, the presence of loggerhead sea turtles in the Pacific loggerhead conservation area, and reports of loggerhead strandings. The SST data showed higher than average temperatures during summer months off the coast of southern California. This same fisheries closure ruling due to El Niño conditions was again implemented May 29, 2015, and then again June 1, 2016. 2294:

fisheries increase these turtles' mortality risk; fishers have reported catching dozens of loggerheads with bottom-set gear per day per boat. The most common commercial fishery that accidentally takes loggerheads are bottom trawls used for shrimp vessels in the Gulf of California. In 2000, between 2,600 and 6,000 loggerheads were estimated to have been killed by pelagic longlining in the Pacific.

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females. This raises concern over the connection between rapid global temperature changes and the possibility of population extinction. A more localized effect on gender skewing comes from the construction of tall buildings, which reduce sun exposure, lowering the average sand temperature, which results in a shift in gender ratios to favor the emergence of male turtles. Construction of new

2152:, these are among the longest recorded dives for any air-breathing marine vertebrate. During their seasonal migration, juvenile loggerheads have the ability to use both magnetic and visual cues. When both aids are available, they are used in conjunction; if one aid is not available, the other suffices. The turtles swim at about 1.6 km/h (0.9 kn; 0.4 m/s) during migration. 2074: 2333:

hatchlings are drawn toward the brighter area over the water which is the consequence of the reflection of moon and star light. Confused by the brighter artificial light, they navigate inland, away from the protective waters, which exposes them to dehydration and predation as the sun rises. Artificial lighting causes tens of thousands of hatchling deaths per year.

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from threats, such as high spring tides and predators, and monitor the nests daily for disturbances. After the eggs hatch, volunteers uncover and tally hatched eggs, undeveloped eggs, and dead hatchlings. Any remaining live hatchlings are released or taken to research facilities. Typically, those that lack the vitality to hatch and climb to the surface die.

1298:. Adults have an approximate weight range of 80 to 200 kg (180 to 440 lb), averaging around 135 kg (298 lb), and a straight-line carapace length range of 70 to 95 cm (28 to 37 in). The maximum reported weight is 545 kg (1,202 lb) and the maximum (presumed total) length is 213 cm (84 in). The head and 2075: 1220:, the beaches of southeastern North America were too cold for sea turtle eggs. As the Earth began to warm, loggerheads moved farther north, colonizing the northern beaches. Because of this, turtles nesting between North Carolina and northern Florida represent a different genetic population from those in southern Florida. 2156:

at first reproduction in the Mediterranean, Oman, Japan, and Brazil are unknown. Nesting loggerheads have a straight carapace length of 70–109 cm (28–43 in). Because of the large range, carapace length is not a reliable indicator of sexual maturity. Their estimated maximum lifespan is 47–67 years in the wild.

1074:. Its large and powerful jaws serve as an effective tool for dismantling its prey. Young loggerheads are exploited by numerous predators; the eggs are especially vulnerable to terrestrial organisms. Once the turtles reach adulthood, their formidable size limits predation to large marine animals, such as large sharks. 2485:

habitat. This ruling was made the NMFS, NOAA, and Department of Commerce effective August 11, 2014. Nesting beaches were identified as critical terrestrial habitat by Fish and Wildlife Services and the Department of the Interior within the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico, effective August 11, 2014.

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In many places during the nesting season, workers and volunteers search the coastline for nests, and researchers may also go out during the evening to look for nesting females for tagging studies and gather barnacles and tissues samples. Volunteers may, if necessary, relocate the nests for protection

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push water higher up the beach, flooding nest and drowning the embryos. Strong wave action may eroded away sand, exposing the eggs to drying and predation. The current trend of rising sea surface temperatures and the increase in both numbers and intensities of tropical cyclones as a result of climate

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After incubating for around 80 days, hatchlings dig through the sand to the surface, usually at night, when darkness increases the chance of escaping predation and damage from extreme sand surface temperatures is reduced. Hatchlings enter the ocean by navigating toward the brighter horizon created by

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have been implemented in efforts to reduce mortality by providing an escape route for the turtles. Loss of suitable nesting beaches and the introduction of exotic predators have also taken a toll on loggerhead populations. Efforts to restore their numbers will require international cooperation, since

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length when fully grown. The adult loggerhead sea turtle weighs approximately 135 kg (298 lb), with the largest specimens weighing in at more than 450 kg (1,000 lb). The skin ranges from yellow to brown in color, and the shell is typically reddish brown. No external differences in

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Destruction and encroachment of habitat by humans is another threat to loggerhead sea turtles. Optimum nesting beaches are open-sand beaches above the high-tide line. However, beach development deprives them of suitable nesting areas, forcing them to nest closer to the surf. Urbanization often leads

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discourages nesting and interferes with the hatchlings' ability to navigate to the water's edge. Females prefer nesting on beaches free of artificial lighting. On developed beaches, nests are often clustered around tall buildings, perhaps because they block out the man-made light sources. Loggerhead

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Many human activities have negative effects on loggerhead sea turtle populations. The prolonged time required for loggerheads to reach sexual maturity and the high mortality rates of eggs and young turtles from natural phenomena compound the problems of population reduction as a consequence of human

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to indicate reproductive ability. Before mating, the male approaches a female and attempts to mount her, while she resists. Next, the male and female begin to circle each other. If the male has competitors, the female may let the males struggle with each other. The winner then mounts the female; the

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Like all marine turtles, the loggerhead prepares for reproduction in its foraging area. This takes place several years before the loggerhead migrates to a mating area. Female loggerheads first reproduce at ages 28–33 in Southeastern United States and Australia, and at ages 17–30 in South Africa. Age

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Loggerhead sea turtles observed in captivity and in the wild are most active during the day. In captivity, the loggerheads' daily activities are divided between swimming and resting on the bottom. While resting, they spread their forelimbs to about midstroke swimming position. They remain motionless

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of the loggerhead sea turtle is only apparent in adults. Adult males have longer tails and claws than females. The males' plastrons are shorter than the females', presumably to accommodate the males' larger tails. The carapaces of males are wider and less domed than the females', and males typically

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Loggerheads crush prey with their large and powerful jaws. Projecting scale points on the anterior margin of the forelimbs allow manipulation of the food. These points can be used as "pseudo-claws" to tear large pieces of food in the loggerhead's mouth. The loggerhead will turn its neck sideways to

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Effective January 11, 2010 the NMFS, NOAA, and Department of Commerce removed the limit on the number of fishing gear deployments for the Hawaii-based pelagic shallow-set longline fisheries and simultaneously increased the number of incidental interactions allowed with loggerhead sea turtles. This

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ruled four distinct population segments as threatened (Northwestern Atlantic Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean, Southeast Indo-Pacific Ocean, and Southwest Indian Ocean) and five as endangered (Mediterranean Sea, North Indian Ocean, North Pacific Ocean, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, and South Pacific Ocean)

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and abandoned fishing line. Loggerheads may mistake the floating plastic for jellyfish, a common food item. The ingested plastic causes numerous health concerns, including intestinal blockage, reduced nutrient absorption and malnutrition, suffocation, ulcerations, or starvation. Ingested plastics

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Female loggerheads first reproduce between the ages of 17 and 33, and their mating period may last more than six weeks. They court their mates, but these behaviors have not been thoroughly examined. Male forms of courtship behavior include nuzzling, biting, and head and flipper movements. Studies

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The increase of temperature and food availability will increase reproduction output of loggerhead turtles. Many researchers agree that temperature increases due to climate change has a complicated impact on turtles. At breeding sites when a loggerhead turtle lays multiple clutches in a

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studies. Along with these foraging habitats, high levels of bycatch from industrial-scale fisheries have been found to overlap; with drift gillnets in the past and longline fisheries presently. Many juvenile loggerheads aggregate off the coast of Baja California Sur, Mexico, where small coastal

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levels, energy expenditure, expected outcome, and importance of location. At all stages, an upright tail shows willingness to escalate, while a curled tail shows willingness to submit. Because higher aggression is metabolically costly and potentially debilitating, contact is much more likely to

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algae. Adults and juveniles live along the continental shelf as well as in shallow coastal estuaries. In the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, age plays a factor in habitat preference. Juveniles are more frequently found in shallow estuarine habitats with limited ocean access compared to non-nesting

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All sea turtles have similar basic nesting behaviors. Females return to lay eggs at intervals of 12–17 days during the nesting season, on or near the beach where they hatched. They exit the water, climb the beach, and scrape away the surface sand to form a body pit. With their hind limbs, they

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Annual variations in climatic temperatures can affect sex ratios, since loggerheads have temperature-dependent sex determination. High sand temperatures may skew gender ratios in favor of females. Nesting sites exposed to unseasonably warm temperatures over a three-year period produced 87–99%

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The distinct populations of loggerheads have unique characteristics and genetic differences. For example, Mediterranean loggerheads are smaller, on average, than Atlantic Ocean loggerheads. North Atlantic and Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles are descendants of colonizing loggerheads from

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is responsible for many loggerhead deaths. The greatest threat is loss of nesting habitat due to coastal development, predation of nests, and human disturbances (such as coastal lighting and housing developments) that cause disorientations during the emergence of hatchlings. Turtles may also

2419:, which deals with pollution that could harm marine ecosystems, also protects them. Conservation organizations worldwide have worked with the shrimp trawling industry to develop turtle exclusion devices (TEDs) to exclude even the largest turtles. TEDs are mandatory for all shrimp trawlers. 2411:. The Convention on Migratory Species works for the conservation of loggerhead sea turtles on the Atlantic coast of Africa, as well as in the Indian Ocean and southeast Asia. Throughout Japan, the Sea Turtle Association of Japan aids in the conservation of loggerhead sea turtles. Greece's 5317:

The Cartagena Convention requires Parties to adopt measures aimed at preventing, reducing and controlling pollution of the following areas: pollution from ships; pollution caused by dumping; pollution from sea-bed activities; airborne pollution; and pollution from land-based sources and

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Conant, Therese A.; Dutton, Peter H.; Eguchi, Tomoharu; Epperly, Sheryan P.; Fahy, Christina C.; Godfrey, Matthew H.; MacPherson, Sandra L.; Possardt, Earl E.; Schroeder, Barbara A.; Seminoff, Jeffrey A.; Snover, Melissa L.; Upite, Carrie M. & Witherington, Blair E. (August 2009).

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The US West Coast is a critical migratory corridor for the Pacific loggerheads, in which these turtles swim across the Pacific to California's coast from breeding grounds in Japan. Important foraging habitats for juveniles in the central North Pacific have been revealed through

2205:. Multiple paternity is possible due to sperm storage. The female can store sperm from multiple males in her oviducts until ovulation. A single clutch may have as many as seven fathers, each contributing sperm to a portion of the clutch. Multiple paternity and female size are 2193:

in loggerheads is mating-induced. Through the act of mating, the female ovulates eggs which are fertilized by the male. This is unique, as mating-induced ovulation is rare outside of mammals. In the Northern Hemisphere, loggerheads mate from late March to early June. The

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Hatchlings range in color from light brown to almost black, lacking the adult's distinct yellows and reds. Upon hatching, they measure about 4.6 cm (1.8 in) and weigh about 20 g (0.7 oz). The eggs are typically laid on the beach in an area above the

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occurs with turtles snapping at each other's jaws. The final stage, separation, is either mutual, with both turtles swimming away in opposite directions, or involves chasing one out of the immediate vicinity. Escalation is determined by several factors, including

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Aguirre, A.; Susan C. Gardner; Jesse C. Marsh; Stephen G. Delgado; Colin J. Limpus; Wallace J. Nichols (September 2006). "Hazards Associated with the Consumption of Sea Turtle Meat and Eggs: A Review for Health Care Workers and the General Public".

2265:; consumption has decreased, however, due to worldwide legislation. Despite this, turtle meat and eggs are still consumed in countries where regulations are not strictly enforced. In Mexico, turtle eggs are a common meal; locals claim the egg is an 2341:

of sandy beaches, decreasing their viability. Construction of docks and marinas can destroy near-shore habitats. Boat traffic and dredging degrades habitat and can also injure or kill turtles when boats collide with turtles at or near the surface.

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Loggerhead sea turtles spend most of their lives in the open ocean and in shallow coastal waters. They rarely come ashore besides the females' brief visits to construct nests and deposit eggs. Hatchling loggerhead turtles live in floating mats of

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Nearly 11 million metric tons of plastic are released into the ocean annually. A number that is projected to increase to 29 million metric tons by 2040. Turtles ingest a wide array of this floating debris, including bags, sheets, pellets,

2305:. According to the 2009 status review of loggerheads by the Fisheries Service, drowning from entanglement in longline and gillnet fishing gear is the turtles' primary threat in the North Pacific. They also become stuck in traps, pots, 2073: 1587:

helps to prevent instances of cold-stunning. Higher water temperatures cause an increase in metabolism and heart rate. A loggerhead's body temperature increases in warmer waters more quickly than it decreases in colder water; their

5486:"Endangered and Threatened Species: Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Loggerhead Sea Turtle Distinct Population Segment (DPS) and Determination Regarding Critical Habitat for the North Pacific Ocean Loggerhead DPS" 1357:

The skull is most easily distinguished from other sea turtles by having maxillae that meet in the mid-line of the palate. The portion of skull behind the eyes is also relatively large and bulbous due to the extensive jaw muscles.

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Critical habitat designation for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean DPS of loggerhead sea turtles specified 38 marine areas that include nearshore reproductive habitat, breeding areas, winter area, constricted migratory corridors, and

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The Mediterranean Sea is a nursery for juveniles, as well as a common place for adults in the spring and summer months. Almost 45% of the Mediterranean juvenile population has migrated from the Atlantic. Loggerheads feed in the

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filter out foreign bodies, such as fish hooks. The next region of the esophagus is not papillated, with numerous mucosal folds. The digestion rate in loggerheads is temperature-dependent; it increases as temperature increases.

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posture when temperatures drop to around 10 °C (50 °F). However, younger loggerheads are more resistant to cold and do not become stunned until temperatures drop below 9 °C (48 °F). The loggerheads'

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adults. Loggerheads occupy waters with surface temperatures ranging from 13.3–28 °C (56–82 °F) during non-nesting season. Temperatures from 27–28 °C (81–82 °F) are most suitable for nesting females.

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Although evidence is lacking, modern sea turtles probably descended from a single common ancestor during the Cretaceous period. Like all other sea turtles except the leatherback, loggerheads are members of the ancient

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In the Atlantic Ocean, the greatest concentration of loggerheads is along the southeastern coast of North America and in the Gulf of Mexico. Very few loggerheads are found along the European and African coastlines.

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Bifurcation region provides important juvenile foraging areas. Eastern Pacific populations are concentrated off the coast of Baja California, where upwelling provides rich feeding grounds for juvenile turtles and

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Zbinden, Judith A.; Largiadèr, Carlo R.; Leippert, Fabio; Margaritoulis, Dimitris; Arlettaz, Raphaël (2007). "High frequency of multiple paternity in the largest rookery of Mediterranean loggerhead sea turtles".

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The project aims to create a monitoring and protection network for nesting and feeding sites in close collaboration with local communities, fishermen, travel operators and coastal developers.

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is currently unknown. In February 2015, a live loggerhead turtle was found floating in British Columbian waters of 10.5 °C (50.9 °F) with extensive algal growth on its carapace.

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In the context of sustainable development, the conservation and management of marine turtles globally and within the Indian Ocean – South-East Asian region presents a formidable challenge.

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by eliminating the excess salt obtained from ingesting ocean water. On land, the excretion of excess salt gives the false impression that the turtle is crying. The urea content is high in

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This project aimed to continue to build on Oman's programme to conduct surveys, develop survey protocols and provide equipment and material and personnel support for Government rangers

1321:, humeral, pectoral, abdominal, femoral, and anal scutes. The shell serves as external armor, although loggerhead sea turtles cannot retract their heads or flippers into their shells. 1317:

scute is located at the base of the head. The carapace connects to the plastron by three pairs of inframarginal scutes forming the bridge of the shell. The plastron features paired

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Bay. Because of this, Greek authorities do not allow planes to take off or land at night in Zakynthos due to the nesting turtles. In addition to the Greek coast, the coastlines of

3311: 1093:, with four population segments classified as "threatened" and five classified as "endangered". Commercial international trade of loggerheads or derived products is prohibited by 2313:. Caught in this unattended equipment, loggerheads risk serious injury or drowning. Turtle excluder devices for nets and other traps reduce the number being accidentally caught. 9795: 5457: 5432: 5407: 2415:

works for their conservation. The Marine Research Foundation works for loggerhead conservation in Oman. Annex 2 of the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife Protocol of the

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inhabit tissues throughout the body of the loggerhead, including vital organs, such as the heart and the brain. Trematode infection can be highly debilitating. For example,

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of loggerhead sea turtles. A team including sea turtle biologists and oceanographers determined the presence of El Niño conditions based on the El Niño watch issued by the

1313:. Typically, 11 or 12 pairs of marginal scutes rim the carapace. Five vertebral scutes run down the carapace's midline, while five pairs of costal scutes border them. The 5511:"Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designation of Critical Habitat for the Northwest Atlantic Ocean Distinct Population Segment of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle" 5006: 1459:

is the most important site, with three nesting grounds visited by 40% of all nearby loggerheads. After nesting, females often find homes in the East China Sea, while the

7190: 4744: 1924:. Adults are more rarely attacked due to their large size, but may be preyed on by large sharks, seals, and killer whales. Nesting females are attacked by flesh flies, 1397:. The Cape Verde Islands are the only significant nesting site on the eastern side of the Atlantic. Loggerheads found in the Atlantic Ocean feed from Canada to Brazil. 6475:

Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata.

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formed coldwater barriers to migrating turtles. The result was a complete isolation of the Atlantic and Pacific populations of loggerheads. During the most recent

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escalate when the conflict is over access to good foraging grounds. Further aggression has also been reported in captive loggerheads. The turtles are seemingly

7174: 6893: 6885: 6206: 3379: 5641: 2412: 7150: 6961: 5814: 5592:"Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Closure of the Hawaii Shallow-Set Pelagic Longline Fishery Due To Reaching the Annual Limit on Sea Turtle Interactions" 3045:

Oriá, Arianne P.; Lacerda, Ariane de J.; Raposo, Ana Cláudia S.; Araújo, Nayone L. L. C.; Portela, Ricardo; Mendonça, Marcos A.; Masmali, Ali M. (2020).

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have wider heads than females. The sex of juveniles and subadults cannot be determined through external anatomy, but can be observed through dissection,

1161:. The extent of natural hybridization is not yet determined; however, second-generation hybrids have been reported, suggesting some hybrids are fertile. 5885: 1989:

virus threatens loggerheads with internal and external tumors. These tumors disrupt essential behaviors and, if on the eyes, cause permanent blindness.

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to some degree. In the coldest months, they submerge for up to seven hours at a time, emerging for only seven minutes to breathe. Although outdone by

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Peckham, S. Hoyt; Diaz, David Maldanado; Walli, Andreas; Ruiz, Georgita; Crowder, Larry B.; Nichols, Wallace J. (October 2007). Allen, Colin (ed.).

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habitats, with females briefly coming ashore to lay eggs. The loggerhead sea turtle has a low reproductive rate; females lay an average of four egg

2213:(ability to reproduce). The other states, because larger females are able to swim more quickly to mating grounds, they have longer mating periods. 1381:, nesting over the broadest geographical range of any sea turtle. It inhabits the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea. 9896: 9624: 5218:

Our most important activities are counting nesting turtles, and marking them to enable discrimination, using consistent methods throughout Japan.

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Loggerhead sea turtles are classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and are listed under Appendix I of the

2326:, which may accumulate in internal tissues. Such toxins may lead to a thinning of eggshells, tissue damage, or deviation from natural behaviors. 2057:

with one turtle having 150,000 organisms living on the shell. A collection of 7,000 nematodes from 111 genera were found on the turtles studied.

1371: 3974:"Postmortem diagnostic investigation of disease in free-ranging marine turtle populations: a review of common pathologic findings and protocols" 1082: 3481: 2463:

conditions in order to protect the endangered North Pacific Ocean loggerhead DPS. This ruling effective July 23, 2014 was intended to prevent

9702: 8158: 8069: 5376:"Endangered and Threatened Species; Determination of Nine Distinct Population Segments of Loggerhead Sea Turtles as Endangered or Threatened" 1247:

The carapace of this loggerhead is reddish brown; five vertebral scutes run down the turtle's midline bordered by five pairs of costal scutes

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to push them five to 10 m away from the shore. Once in the ocean, they swim for about 20 hours, taking them far offshore. An iron compound,

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organisms, which increase drag, offer no known benefit to the turtle, although the dulling effect of organisms on shell color may improve

1424:, on the Arabian Peninsula, which hosts around 15,000 nests, giving it the second largest nesting population of loggerheads in the world. 6296: 4775: 4155: 3319: 1550:, and beetles, are carried by the wind to the mats. Marine mammals and commercial fishes, including tuna and mahi-mahi, also inhabit the 1063:, producing no eggs for two to three years. The loggerhead reaches sexual maturity within 17–33 years and has a lifespan of 47–67 years. 5857: 5739: 2759: 2106:

Hatchlings can lose up to 20% of their body mass due to evaporation of water as they journey from nest to ocean. They initially use the

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Oceans. The rerouting of ocean currents led to climatic changes as the Earth entered a glacial cycle. Cold water upwelling around the

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The loggerhead sea turtle is the world's largest hard-shelled turtle, slightly larger at average and maximum mature weights than the

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collect biopsy samples for DNA studies, cage nests to prevent egg depredation, record location of nests and non-nesting emergences.

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N. Mrosovsky & Jane Provancha (1992). "Sex ratio of hatchling loggerhead sea turtles: data and estimates from a 5-year study".

2444: 9909: 9650: 5833: 2440: 2392: 1177:, and appeared about 40 million years ago. Of the six species of living Cheloniidae, loggerheads are more closely related to the 1028:

sex are seen until the turtle becomes an adult, the most obvious difference being the adult males have thicker tails and shorter

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The turtle's shell is divided into two sections: carapace and plastron. The carapace is further divided into large plates, or

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Archelon is involved with the turtles, not only through nest management and turtle rehabilitation, but also with stakeholders

3272:. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P. Saundry & C.J.Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC 2933: 9914: 9655: 9411:

Turtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status

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turtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status

1306:(underside) is typically pale yellow. The turtle's neck and sides are brown on the tops and yellow on the sides and bottom. 10018: 9829: 7251: 6248: 4911: 2452: 10028: 10013: 5617:"Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Revised Limits on Sea Turtle Interactions in the Hawaii Shallow-Set Longline Fishery" 5297: 5166:"Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Indian Ocean and South-East Asia" 1256: 511: 3566: 10023: 9988: 9559: 9409: 7219: 6422:

London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, Printers). x + 311 pp. + Plates I-III. (

6222: 5264: 2243: 2209:. Two hypotheses explain this correlation. One posits that males favor large females because of their perceived higher 31: 2198:

is short, between May and August in the Northern Hemisphere and between October and March in the Southern Hemisphere.

9993: 9978: 9834: 9715: 6564: 6513: 6494: 6464: 6445: 6406: 6386: 6364: 6285: 6260: 6195: 6172: 6123: 5757: 2432: 2396: 824: 584: 398: 371: 9577: 6420:

Catalogue of the Chelonians, Rhynchocephalians, and Crocodiles in the British Museum (Natural History). New Edition.

4315:

Bentivegna F, Valentino F, Falco P, Zambianchi E, Hochscheid S (2007). "The relationship between loggerhead turtle (

2384:

Since the loggerhead occupies such a broad range, successful conservation requires efforts from multiple countries.

9922: 9842: 6228: 5645: 410: 6004:"Environmental effects on growth, reporduction, and life-history traits of loggerhead turtles ("Caretta caretta")" 5977:"Effects of exposure to artificial lighting on orientation of hatchling sea turtles on the beach and in the ocean" 9707: 9590: 5837: 5133:"Memorandum of Understanding concerning Conservation Measures for Marine Turtles of the Atlantic Coast of Africa" 352: 17: 4094: 1145:. The subspecific classification of the loggerhead sea turtle is debated, but most authors consider it a single 9284: 8367: 6093: 1090: 735: 2253:

Artisanal fishers attempted to poach this loggerhead turtle in Mozambique. It was rescued and released by the

1578:

is induced at temperatures between 13 and 15 °C (55 and 59 °F). The loggerhead takes on a floating,

1389:

is the most popular nesting site, with more than 67,000 nests built per year. Nesting extends as far north as

9940: 9689: 6522: 5904: 2700: 2124:

in the open ocean as protection until they reach 45 cm (18 in). Hatchling loggerheads live in this

890: 456: 308: 9261: 6526: 6078: 2408: 1729:, fish (eggs, juveniles, and adults), hatchling turtles (including members of its own species), algae, and 722: 4886: 1111:

the turtles roam vast areas of ocean and critical nesting beaches are scattered across several countries.

10003: 9983: 9637: 9502: 9497: 9484: 9420: 7943: 7327: 7006: 5239: 4967: 1808:

Loggerheads have numerous predators, especially early in their lives. Egg and nestling predators include

1481: 1150: 1086: 444: 1484:. Greece is the most popular nesting site along the Mediterranean, with more than 3,000 nests per year. 9998: 7676: 6036: 2206: 1982: 1204:

epoch, Central America emerged from the sea, effectively cutting off currents between the Atlantic and

568: 9927: 6055:"Sea Turtles of the World: an Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Sea Turtle Species Known to Date" 9847: 9730: 9475: 6646: 5232:"Archelon, the Sea Turtle Protection Society of Greece: 21 Years Studying and Protecting Sea Turtles" 2468: 2323: 2115: 1440: 1417: 1378: 7309: 6535:

Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition

6153: 2297:

Fishing gear is the biggest threat to loggerheads in the open ocean. They often become entangled in

1912:, and other assorted birds and mammals. In the ocean, predators of the loggerhead juveniles include 199: 8322: 7244: 7042: 6352: 6079:"Nest site selection, oviposition, eggs, development, hatching and emergence of loggerhead turtles" 3160:"The head and neck anatomy of sea turtles (Cryptodira: Chelonioidea) and skull shape in Testudines" 2594: 2254: 2050: 1698: 1589: 1499:

One record of this turtle was made in Ireland when a specimen washed ashore on Ballyhealy Beach in

919: 639: 9681: 1126:, in 1758. Thirty-five other names emerged over the following two centuries, with the combination 931: 660: 9808: 9178: 7011: 6415: 5140: 3844: 2994: 2472: 2164: 1182: 756: 9782: 6599: 6297:"Critical periods and pivotal temperatures for sexual differentiation in loggerhead sea turtles" 5794: 3820: 9901: 9629: 9437: 9150: 7950: 7908: 7548: 6985: 6841: 6797: 6327: 5737: 4940: 4928: 3922: 2400: 2378: 2271: 2107: 1953:

Up to 40% of nesting females around the world have wounds believed to come from shark attacks.

1877: 1776: 1530:

contain as many as 100 different species of animals on which the juveniles feed. Prey found in

1295: 1146: 1142: 1107: 38: 5681:

Bowen, B.W.; Abreu-Grobois, F.A.; Balazs, G.H.; Kamezaki, N; Limpus, C.J.; Ferl, R.J. (1995).

5026:"Environmental effects on growth, reproduction, and life-history traits of loggerhead turtles" 4783: 4163: 3047:"Comparison of Electrolyte Composition and Crystallization Patterns in Bird and Reptile Tears" 2670: 1149:

species. Molecular genetics has confirmed hybridization of the loggerhead sea turtle with the

9777: 7894: 5763: 2771: 2347: 2010: 1228:, South Africa. South African loggerhead genes are still present in these populations today. 331: 9769: 5007:"Coal-fired plant project threatens endangered sea turtles on Turkey's Mediterranean shores" 3864: 3158:

Jones, MEH; Werneburg, I; Curtis, N; Penrose, RN; O'Higgins, P; Fagan, M; Evans, SE (2012).

1562: 9973: 9720: 9136: 7802: 7426: 7142: 7118: 6914: 6905: 6773: 6639: 6433: 6429: 6015: 5935: 5698: 5539:"Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Hawaii-Based Shallow-set Longline Fishery; Court Order" 5087: 5040: 4825: 4776:"Marine Turtle Newsletter: Identification of Bacterial Isolates from Unhatched Loggerhead ( 4624: 4521: 4328: 3703: 3692:"Female-female aggressions: structure of interaction and outcome in loggerhead sea turtles" 3171: 1413: 1154: 971: 535: 432: 9668: 4609:"Strong male-biased operational sex ratio in a breeding population of loggerhead turtles ( 3947: 1653:. It has a greater list of known prey than any other sea turtle. Other food items include 937: 670: 8: 9121: 7480: 7237: 7087: 7078: 6937: 6537:. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures. 6002:

Marn, N.; Jusup, M.; legovic, T.; Kooijman, S.A.L.M.; klanjscek, T. (24 September 2017).

5024:

Marn, Nina; Jusup, Marko; Legović, Tarzan; Kooijman, S. A. L. M.; Klanjšček, Tin (2017).

3786: 3420: 2277: 2202: 2019: 1626: 1134:"loggerhead" refers to the animal's large head. The loggerhead sea turtle belongs to the 147: 6612: 6019: 5939: 5702: 5173: 5091: 5044: 4829: 4628: 4525: 4332: 3750: 3707: 3175: 2269:. Eating turtle eggs or meat can cause serious illness due to harmful bacteria, such as 9489: 8528: 8493: 8360: 8099: 6574: 6184: 6141: 6112: 6041: 5113: 5056: 4848: 4813: 4725: 4706: 4645: 4608: 4545: 4344: 4244: 4217: 4057: 4003: 3663: 3462: 3268: 3194: 3159: 3137: 3094: 3081: 3046: 2531: 2249: 1610: 1444: 1394: 1291: 1078: 778: 194: 162: 5025: 3631: 1503:. Another records one specimen being washed up on a beach in County Donegal, Ireland. 1060: 9764: 9510: 9071: 8054: 8006: 7997: 7880: 7457: 7066: 6997: 6560: 6552: 6538: 6530: 6509: 6490: 6460: 6441: 6402: 6382: 6360: 6319: 6281: 6256: 6218: 6191: 6168: 6162: 6129: 6119: 6089: 5963: 5958: 5923: 5863: 5753: 5726: 5721: 5682: 5339: 5105: 4853: 4650: 4586: 4537: 4533: 4483: 4297: 4249: 4049: 3995: 3731: 3726: 3655: 3199: 3098: 3086: 3068: 2929: 2923: 2571: 2357: 2242:

Loggerhead sea turtle nest roped off as part of the Sea Turtle Protection Project on

2028: 1785: 1575: 1425: 1401: 1337: 1336:

examination (cell anatomy), and radioimmunological assays (immune study dealing with

1324: 1209: 1048: 907: 609: 6054: 6045: 6027: 5060: 5052: 4729: 4549: 4348: 4007: 3822:

Health assessment and hatching success of two Western Australian loggerhead turtle (

3667: 3482:"Rare turtle found in Donegal doing swimmingly in new aquarium home – Donegal Daily" 9968: 9874: 9790: 9515: 8863: 8251: 8226: 8187: 8135: 7866: 7411: 6862: 6853: 6311: 6031: 6023: 5988: 5953: 5943: 5745: 5716: 5706: 5206: 5117: 5095: 5048: 4976: 4885:. Silver Spring, MD.: National Marine Fisheries Service. p. 23. Archived from 4843: 4833: 4717: 4640: 4632: 4576: 4529: 4475: 4336: 4287: 4239: 4231: 4061: 4041: 3985: 3721: 3711: 3647: 3189: 3179: 3129: 3076: 3058: 2589: 2515: 2298: 1813: 1584: 1535: 1460: 1456: 1343: 1287: 1186: 1178: 1171: 1158: 1135: 1094: 1017: 958: 523: 6003: 5272: 3846:

Cascading effects of predator removal on the ecology of sea turtle nesting beaches

1904:. During their migration from their nests to the sea, hatchlings are preyed on by 812: 9821: 9738: 9528: 9311: 8959: 8688: 8656: 8293: 8202: 7978: 7564: 7182: 4838: 4814:"Small-scale fisheries bycatch jeopardizes endangered Pacific loggerhead turtles" 4222: 3184: 2528:, one of the prime nesting habitats of the loggerhead turtle in the Mediterranean 2318: 2306: 2282: 1347: 1190: 9694: 6604: 5458:"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure" 5433:"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure" 5408:"Fisheries Off West Coast States; the Highly Migratory Species Fishery; Closure" 2525: 1754: 9585: 9572: 9206: 9196: 9093: 8943: 8783: 8485: 8430: 8172: 8107: 7647: 7638: 7607: 7515: 7404: 7318: 6830: 6578: 6374: 4099: 3990: 3973: 2701:"Information About Sea Turtles: Loggerhead Sea Turtle – Sea Turtle Conservancy" 2499: 2329: 2195: 1730: 1650: 1500: 1436: 1098: 1036: 808: 791: 588: 480: 362: 5305: 5100: 5075: 4721: 4581: 4564: 4340: 2391:, making commercial international trade prohibited. In the United States, the 1613:, and will fight with other loggerheads and sea turtles of different species. 9957: 9663: 9460: 9386: 9269: 9169: 9158: 9129: 9043: 8927: 8911: 8871: 8805: 8715: 8680: 8624: 8608: 8592: 8566: 8554: 8538: 8516: 8508: 8315: 8026: 7859: 7720: 7667: 7615: 6786: 6619: 6470: 6323: 4607:

Lasala, Jacob; Harrison, J.S.; Williams, K.L.; Rostal, D.C. (November 2013).

3735: 3659: 3072: 3063: 2580: 2503: 2262: 2218: 1994: 1986: 1119: 1056: 1040: 710: 348: 167: 87: 6190:. Baltimore, Maryland: The Johns Hopkins University Press and Oakwood Arts. 5948: 1621: 9642: 9321: 9246: 9222: 8739: 8616: 8600: 8576: 8477: 8422: 8346: 8262: 8236: 8150: 8061: 8040: 7964: 7929: 7739: 7705: 7572: 7488: 7434: 7099: 6926: 6278:

Guide to Marine Mammals and Turtles of the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico

5711: 5109: 4857: 4654: 4590: 4541: 4487: 4301: 4253: 4235: 4053: 3999: 3433:

Night flights are banned on Zakynthos, so as not to disturb the endangered

3203: 3112:

Frazier, J (1985). "Misidentifications of Sea Turtles in the East Pacific:

3090: 3006:

A sea turtle cannot retract its limbs under its shell as a land turtle can.

2616: 2361: 2136: 2125: 2006: 1998: 1917: 1718: 1634: 1633:

The loggerhead sea turtle is omnivorous, feeding mainly on bottom-dwelling

1579: 1477: 1447:

deemed an important nesting area. Pacific loggerheads occasionally nest in

1205: 1194: 1071: 1044: 795: 9564: 6186:

Sea Turtles: A Complete Guide to their Biology, Behavior, and Conservation

5967: 5730: 2238: 2128:

until they reach juvenile age, and then they migrate to nearshore waters.

1792:

are one of the chief causes of egg and hatchling mortality in sea turtles.

1400:

In the Indian Ocean, loggerheads feed along the coastlines of Africa, the

9803: 9743: 9676: 9611: 9469: 9299: 9254: 9100: 9085: 9007: 8999: 8991: 8967: 8847: 8831: 8815: 8731: 8723: 8672: 8648: 8640: 8632: 8500: 8452: 8375: 8300: 8165: 8121: 8047: 8033: 7985: 7842: 7760: 7698: 7691: 7684: 7599: 7541: 7533: 7450: 7442: 7389: 7379: 6974: 6950: 6762: 6737: 6717: 6662: 6379:

The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians

6133: 4565:"Turtle Behavior Systems: Behavior, Sperm Storage, and Genetic Paternity" 4213: 3687: 3466: 2519: 2456: 2266: 2145: 1975: 1963: 1909: 1889: 1829: 1742: 1714: 1674: 1596: 1473: 1405: 1329: 1318: 1174: 1138: 1131: 1020: 468: 281: 62: 9538: 6625: 5738:

Committee on Sea Turtle Conservation, National Research Council (1990).

4045: 2086: 1928:

dogs, and humans. Salt marsh mosquitos can also pester nesting females.

1314: 138: 9888: 9603: 9378: 9291: 9277: 9238: 9015: 8935: 8903: 8887: 8855: 8793: 8766: 8747: 8664: 8469: 8389: 8382: 8330: 8307: 8217: 8084: 7816: 7623: 7556: 7473: 7465: 7368: 7359: 7055: 7031: 6711: 6705: 6699: 6253:

Sea Turtles – An Extraordinary Natural History of Some Uncommon Turtles

5924:"Climate change and temperature-dependent sex determination inreptiles" 3716: 3691: 3651: 3141: 2261:

Loggerhead sea turtles were once intensively hunted for their meat and

2096: 2053:

examined 24 individual turtle carapaces and found an average of 33,000

2043: 1969: 1913: 1861: 1809: 1789: 1710: 1686: 1678: 1666: 1547: 1489: 1409: 1302:(upper shell) range from a yellow-orange to a reddish brown, while the 1009: 291: 271: 261: 107: 72: 5993: 5976: 4876:"Recovery Plan for U.S. Pacific Populations of the Loggerhead Turtle ( 4479: 4292: 4271: 2502:

coin. In the United States, the loggerhead sea turtle is the official

2460: 2459:(DGN) gear in the loggerhead conservation area during the presence of 2350:

can raise local water temperature, which is also said to be a threat.

9616: 9546: 9370: 9230: 9214: 9143: 9107: 9057: 9050: 8975: 8951: 8895: 8839: 8546: 8338: 8286: 8244: 7957: 7915: 7823: 7809: 7795: 7788: 7781: 7774: 7746: 7591: 7419: 6874: 6631: 4636: 4510: 4272:"Use of multiple orientation cues by juvenile loggerhead sea turtles 2481: 2338: 2290: 2210: 2190: 2185: 2120: 2111: 2054: 2024: 1990: 1921: 1897: 1893: 1885: 1857: 1758: 1734: 1682: 1670: 1638: 1629:

jellyfish which loggerheads eat during migration through the open sea

1514: 1488:

hosts the largest Mediterranean nesting with the second one being in

1485: 1432: 1333: 1225: 1213: 1052: 867: 211: 112: 56: 9431: 6440:. San Francisco, California: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. 6315: 4980: 4941:

Committee on Sea Turtle Conservation, National Research Council 1990

4929:

Committee on Sea Turtle Conservation, National Research Council 1990

4782:. Armstrong Atlantic State University, Dept. Biology. Archived from 4153: 3923:

Committee on Sea Turtle Conservation, National Research Council 1990

3133: 2144:

When ocean waters cool, loggerheads must migrate to warmer areas or

1443:. Eastern Australia and Japan are the major nesting areas, with the 1366: 1241: 1023:. The average loggerhead measures around 90 cm (35 in) in 9868: 9551: 9454: 9185: 9114: 9034: 9023: 8919: 8584: 8461: 8353: 8195: 8180: 8142: 8091: 8017: 7922: 7901: 7887: 7873: 7729: 7656: 7525: 7504: 7496: 7278: 7163: 7131: 6681: 6280:. illustrated by Garth Mix (2nd ed.). Rhode Island Sea Grant. 6167:(2nd ed.). Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. 6077:

Miller, Jeffrey D.; Limpus, Collin J.; Godfrey, Matthew H. (2003).

5073: 3685: 2506:

of South Carolina and also the state saltwater reptile of Florida.

2149: 2039: 2014: 1781: 1726: 1722: 1706: 1690: 1646: 1642: 1600: 1539: 1465: 1390: 1303: 1299: 1201: 1103: 1067: 1029: 1024: 231: 128: 102: 97: 82: 77: 67: 5749: 4314: 3630:

Halpin, Luke R; Seminoff, Jeffrey A; Hanke, Gavin F (2018-03-01).

2103:

the reflection of the moon and starlight off the water's surface.

2038:, as well as 37 kinds of algae, live on loggerheads' backs. These 1428:

is another notable nesting area, with 1,000–2,000 nests per year.

37:"Caretta" redirects here. For the community in West Virginia, see 9935: 9329: 9078: 8983: 8879: 8823: 8403: 8396: 8278: 8128: 8114: 7971: 7936: 7851: 7753: 7293: 7284: 6693: 6687: 2464: 2302: 2172: 1943: 1932: 1905: 1845: 1801: 1702: 1694: 1662: 1605: 1452: 1448: 1386: 1217: 1013: 1005: 241: 117: 92: 9756: 5680: 4873: 3297: 3285: 2373: 1796: 1294:. It is also the world's second largest extant turtle after the 9064: 8707: 7299: 7272: 7260: 6675: 6608: 6585:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. ( 5163: 5130: 5076:"Stormy oceans associated with declines in sea turtle hatching" 2310: 2182: 2035: 2002: 1881: 1869: 1841: 1821: 1817: 1654: 1595:

Female-female aggression, which is fairly rare in other marine

1493: 251: 221: 124: 6357:

A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Britain and Europe

5884:

James, Michael C.; Martin, Kathleen; Dutton, Peter H. (2004).

5815:"Synopsis of the Biological Data on the Loggerhead Sea Turtle 4218:"First records of dive durations for a hibernating sea turtle" 3946:. NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources. Archived from 2403:. Loggerheads are listed as endangered under both Australia's 9816: 8271: 7338: 7229: 5642:"State symbols/Fla. cracker horse/loggerhead turtle (SB 230)" 3312:"Voyage of the Lonely Turtle – Interview: Wallace J. Nichols" 2405:

Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999

1925: 1901: 1873: 1865: 1833: 1750: 1738: 1658: 1543: 1310: 184: 178: 5894:, and the First Record of a Green Turtle in Atlantic Canada" 4606: 3686:

Schofield, Gail; Katselidis, KA; Pantis, JD; Dimopoulos, P;

2360:

have a significant impact on hatchling loss. The associated

1749:

consume the torn food on the scale points. Inward-pointing,

1130:

first introduced in 1873 by Leonhard Stejneger. The English

7767: 6504:

Lutz, Peter L.; Musick, John A.; Wyneken, Jeanette (2003).

6485:

Lutz, Peter L.; Musick, John A.; Wyneken, Jeanette (1997).

5295: 4122: 4120: 4118: 4116: 3157: 2988: 2563: 1849: 1837: 1574:

Water temperature affects the sea turtle's metabolic rate.

1421: 6557:

Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification

5787:) 2009 Status Review Under the U.S. Endangered Species Act 5262: 5157: 4964: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4405: 4392: 4390: 4362: 4360: 4358: 27:

Species of marine reptile distributed throughout the world

5778: 5362: 3632:"First Photographic Evidence of a Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( 3525: 3339: 3255: 2724: 2377:

Loggerhead sea turtle escapes from fishing net through a

1853: 1825: 1733:. During migration through the open sea, loggerheads eat 1346:

located behind each eye allow the loggerhead to maintain

6628:, as presented at The Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago 6381:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. 6001: 5644:. Florida House of Representatives. 2008. Archived from 5124: 5023: 4673: 4661: 4613:) inferred by paternal genotype reconstruction analysis" 4211: 4113: 2281:, and high levels of toxic metals that build up through 1908:

larvae, crabs, toads, lizards, snakes, seabirds such as

30:"Loggerhead turtle" redirects here. For other uses, see 6401:. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Books. 4402: 4387: 4355: 4156:"Artificial Lighting and Sea Turtle Hatchling Behavior" 4154:

Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (September 2009).

3044: 2389:

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

1942:

Along the southeastern coast of the United States, the

1526:

habitat with a variety of other organisms. The mats of

6583:

A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles

5298:"Legislative instrument details: Cartagena Convention" 3437:

turtles which nest their eggs on the beaches of Zante.

3363:. Vol. 8. Regione Emilia Romagna. pp. 45–51. 3318:. Educational Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from 2569: 6734: 6549:, p. 192 + Plate 14 + Figure 81 on p. 174). 4460:"Mating-induced ovulation in loggerhead sea turtles, 4149: 4147: 4026:"Lungworm infection in three loggerhead sea turtles, 2451:

Off the coast of southern California NMFS, NOAA, and

2114:, in their brains allows the turtles to perceive the 1973:

attack loggerhead hatchlings and eggs. Fungi such as

1408:. Along the African coastline, loggerheads nest from 5683:"Trans-Pacific migrations of the loggerhead turtle ( 5289: 4811: 4774:

Craven, Kathryn; Taylor, Judy (September 11, 2007).

2365:

change pose a growing threat to turtle populations.

1370:

Range of the loggerhead sea turtle according to the

6076: 5793:. Loggerhead Biological Review Team. Archived from 5223: 4679: 4667: 4419: 4396: 4366: 4265: 4263: 4126: 3629: 3419:. Zakynthos Internet Services. 2010. Archived from 2928:. Enfield, Middlesex : Guinness Superlatives. 1141:, which includes all extant sea turtles except the 6183: 6161:Shearer, Benjamin F.; Shearer, Barbara S. (1994). 6111: 5190: 4144: 3449:Murray, T.; Doyle, T. (2013). "Loggerhead turtle ( 1420:estuary. The largest Indian Ocean nesting site is 6208:Diagnostic Imaging of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle, 5883: 5741:Decline of the Sea Turtles: Causes and Prevention 5256: 4903: 4767: 4319:) movement patterns and Mediterranean currents". 4160:Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission 3842: 3384:/Kiparissia – Application of Management Plan for 3251: 3249: 3247: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2828: 1393:, as far south as Brazil, and as far east as the 1012:distributed throughout the world. It is a marine 9955: 6397:Bolten, Alan B.; Witherington, Blair E. (2003). 5975:Lorne, Jacquelyn; Salmon, Michael (2007-04-11). 5356: 4702: 4700: 4260: 3153: 3151: 2993:. SeaWorld/Busch Gardens Animals. Archived from 2903: 2720: 2718: 2716: 2498:The loggerhead sea turtle appears on the $ 1000 2399:classify them as a threatened species under the 1979:infect loggerhead sea turtle nests and cloacae. 6294: 6084:. In Bolten, Alan; Witherington, Blair (eds.). 5928:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 4138: 3818: 3519: 3333: 2437:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 2090:A pair of hatchlings to scale with a human hand 1804:is a predator of loggerhead nests in Australia. 1372:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 6255:. St Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing Company. 6160: 5687:) demonstrated with mitochondrial DNA markers" 5665: 5323: 5199:"What is the Sea Turtle Association of Japan?" 4602: 4600: 3978:Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 3937: 3244: 2965: 2942: 2834: 2595:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-2.RLTS.T3897A119333622.en 1083:International Union for Conservation of Nature 1051:. It spends most of its life in saltwater and 9408:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 7646: 7245: 7218:Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based on 6647: 6481:, new species, pp. 197–198). (in Latin). 6275: 6109: 5329: 5067: 4736: 4697: 4556: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4432: 4430: 4428: 4162:. Coastal Carolina University. Archived from 4076: 4074: 3967: 3965: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3862: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3497: 3495: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3215: 3213: 3148: 3032: 2976: 2959: 2876: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2866: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2804: 2798: 2713: 1757:found in the fore region of the loggerhead's 1122:gave the loggerhead its first binomial name, 370:Loggerhead sea turtle range according to the 6246: 5074:Kyle S. Van Houtan and Oron L. Bass (2007). 4773: 4745:"Mexico Cracks Open Myth of Sea Turtle Eggs" 4506: 4504: 4502: 4500: 4377: 4375: 4183: 4181: 3918: 3916: 3281: 3279: 3016: 3014: 2840: 1737:, floating molluscs, floating egg clusters, 6037:1871.1/aeba3e27-eb80-4e8e-8185-e11c84495fcb 5974: 5855: 5659: 4952: 4909: 4597: 4286:(1). The Company of Biologists: 4317–4325. 4095:"The Infinitesimal Life Aboard Sea Turtles" 4019: 4017: 3890: 3806: 3773: 3617: 3602: 3590: 3544: 3448: 3409: 3105: 2989:SeaWorld Parks & Entertainment (2010). 2925:The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats 2897: 2553: 2551: 1200:Around three million years ago, during the 8451: 7378: 7317: 7252: 7238: 6654: 6640: 6611: 6438:Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition 4987: 4934: 4922: 4807: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4685: 4453: 4451: 4425: 4132: 4071: 3962: 3933: 3931: 3896: 3886: 3884: 3882: 3802: 3800: 3798: 3796: 3769: 3767: 3674: 3613: 3611: 3586: 3584: 3540: 3538: 3536: 3534: 3507: 3492: 3309: 3225: 3210: 2893: 2891: 2889: 2863: 2846: 1542:colonies. Some prey, such as ants, flies, 1496:and Turkey are also common nesting sites. 1439:, the southwestern Pacific, and along the 1077:The loggerhead sea turtle is considered a 1035:The loggerhead sea turtle is found in the 361: 156: 137: 6035: 5992: 5957: 5947: 5720: 5710: 5099: 4874:Pacific Sea Turtle Recovery Team (1998). 4847: 4837: 4644: 4580: 4497: 4372: 4291: 4243: 4205: 4193: 4178: 3989: 3913: 3725: 3715: 3550: 3303: 3291: 3276: 3193: 3183: 3080: 3062: 3026: 3011: 2822: 2810: 2593: 2518:, the first sea turtle tracked across an 2034:More than 100 species of animals from 13 1332:(an operation performed on the abdomen), 10009:Nature Conservation Act endangered biota 6459:. Honolulu, Hawai'i: Mutual Publishing. 5634: 5238:. British Chelonia Group. Archived from 5172:. UNEP / CMS Secretariat. Archived from 5164:Convention on Migratory Species (2004). 5139:. UNEP / CMS Secretariat. Archived from 5131:Convention on Migratory Species (2004). 4014: 3867:. Conservation, University of Washington 2548: 2372: 2248: 2237: 2171: 2163: 2135: 2085: 2069: 1956: 1795: 1769: 1620: 1561: 1435:to tropical regions. They forage in the 1365: 6371:, p. 95 + Figure 2 on p. 99). 6204: 6181: 6088:. Smithsonian Books. pp. 125–143. 6052: 5886:"Hybridization Between a Green Turtle, 5859:Turtles of the United States and Canada 5834:United States Fish and Wildlife Service 5196: 4946: 4798: 4742: 4691: 4448: 4442: 4381: 4199: 4187: 4092: 4080: 3928: 3907: 3879: 3793: 3764: 3748: 3608: 3596: 3581: 3531: 3513: 3501: 3479: 3373: 3351: 3238: 3219: 3111: 3020: 2991:"Sea Turtles: Physical Characteristics" 2982: 2886: 2880: 2857: 2816: 2753: 2653: 2651: 2638: 2636: 2557: 2368: 1780:) preying on a loggerhead hatchling in 14: 9956: 6661: 6164:State names, seals, flags, and symbols 5921: 5561: 5559: 5533: 5531: 5480: 5478: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 4993: 4869: 4867: 4562: 4457: 4023: 3563:: A Complex 'Island' Community at Sea" 3377: 2757: 2751: 2749: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2735: 2733: 2118:, for navigation. Many hatchlings use 1931:In Australia, the introduction of the 1212:and reduction in water temperature at 9436: 9435: 7326: 7233: 6635: 6506:The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume II 6276:Wynne, Kate; Schwartz, Malia (1999). 6217:. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. 6110:Peaker, Malcolm; Linzell, J. (1975). 4912:"Confronting Ocean Plastic Pollution" 4269: 3971: 3944:Endangered marine animal preservation 2786: 9941:55A5781E-D67F-4A1E-A8AC-0D3EF2EB3B7D 9731:e7eaeae6-87ea-42a7-8b58-de6f2f580b65 9591:63a5ad51-da1e-4641-bc74-fa5ca9b24640 6487:The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume I 5812: 5296:European Environment Agency (2010). 5229: 4743:Dellios, Hugh (September 18, 2005). 4034:Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 3863:Nick Atkinson (September 27, 2008). 3556: 3398:from the original on August 25, 2017 2921: 2915: 2909: 2792: 2657: 2648: 2642: 2633: 2455:prohibited fishing with large drift 2023:, also infects loggerheads, causing 1070:, feeding mainly on bottom-dwelling 5556: 5528: 5475: 5393: 5368: 5263:Marine Research Foundation (2004). 4864: 4280:The Journal of Experimental Biology 3751:"ADW: Caretta caretta: INFORMATION" 2730: 2663: 2581:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2322:release toxic compounds, including 2176:A loggerhead sea turtle laying eggs 24: 6559:. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. 6508:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 6489:. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 6346: 6295:Yntema, C.; Mrosovsky, N. (1982). 5856:Ernst, C.H.; Lovich, J.E. (2009). 5265:"Ongoing Conservation Initiatives" 4780:) Sea Turtle Eggs in Georgia, USA" 3856: 3480:Maguire, Stephen (13 March 2019). 3394:. European Commission. p. 1. 2168:Loggerhead turtle track on a beach 32:Loggerhead turtle (disambiguation) 25: 10040: 6593: 6114:Salt Glands in Birds and Reptiles 5922:Janzen, Fredric J (August 1994). 5813:Dodd, C. Kenneth Jr. (May 1988). 4680:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 4668:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 4420:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 4397:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 4367:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 4127:Miller, Limpus & Godfrey 2003 2570:Casale, P.; Tucker, A.D. (2017). 2433:National Marine Fisheries Service 2397:National Marine Fisheries Service 1102:suffocate if they are trapped in 1032:(lower shells) than the females. 372:Food and Agriculture Organization 9964:IUCN Red List vulnerable species 6750: 6600:A 3D animation of a sea turtle. 6477:Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. ( 6457:Sea Turtles: An Ecological Guide 6393:, pp. 475–476 + Plate 265). 5744:. The National Academies Press. 5609: 5584: 5503: 5450: 5425: 4534:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03426.x 4212:Hochscheid, S.; Bentivegna, F.; 2426: 1985:disease caused by a form of the 1377:The loggerhead sea turtle has a 1270: 1254: 1240: 1089:are under the protection of the 198: 60: 9354: 8774: 6028:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.001 5674: 5203:Sea Turtle Association of Japan 5170:Convention on Migratory Species 5137:Convention on Migratory Species 5053:10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2017.07.001 5017: 4999: 4958: 4308: 4086: 3836: 3812: 3779: 3742: 3623: 3473: 3442: 3367: 3345: 3261: 3051:Frontiers in Veterinary Science 3038: 2829:James, Martin & Dutton 2004 2448:effective on October 24, 2011. 2441:U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services 2224: 2159: 2060: 1566:A resting loggerhead sea turtle 1522:Juvenile loggerheads share the 1361: 1271: 1255: 7259: 4024:Manire, Charles (March 2008). 3852:(Thesis). University of Idaho. 3787:"Loggerhead (Caretta caretta)" 3696:Marine Ecology Progress Series 2693: 2609: 2140:A mature loggerhead sea turtle 1231: 1091:Endangered Species Act of 1973 13: 1: 4093:Keartes, Sarah (2020-07-15). 3972:Flint, Mark (November 2009). 2537: 2131: 2065: 1066:The loggerhead sea turtle is 6247:Witherington, Blair (2006). 5330:seaturtle.org (2009-12-11). 4839:10.1371/journal.pone.0001041 3832:(Ph.D.). Murdoch University. 3310:Wallace J., Nichols (2008). 3185:10.1371/journal.pone.0047852 2542: 2409:Nature Conservation Act 1992 1961:Infectious bacteria such as 1916:and various fishes, such as 1765: 1534:mats may include barnacles, 1461:Kuroshio Current Extension's 1431:Pacific loggerheads live in 1164: 1087:distinct population segments 7: 10019:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus 9421:List of Testudines families 6455:Gulko D, Eckert KL (2004). 6359:. London: Collins. 272 pp. 6304:Canadian Journal of Zoology 5981:Endangered Species Research 5862:(2nd ed.). JHU Press. 5302:European Environment Agency 4968:Canadian Journal of Zoology 4918:. The PEW Charitable Trust. 4139:Yntema & Mrosovsky 1982 3940:"Threats to Marine Turtles" 3749:Duermit, Liz (2006-10-07). 3388:in southern Kyparissia Bay" 3354:"Tartarughe dell'Adriatico" 2509: 1777:Ocypode ceratophthalma 1557: 1114: 541:Bory de Saint-Vincent, 1833 10: 10045: 10029:Habitats Directive species 10014:Reptiles described in 1758 6748: 6452:, pp. 122, 124, 267). 6205:Valente, A. L. S. (2007). 6182:Spotila, James R. (2004). 5901:Canadian Field- Naturalist 5691:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 5666:Shearer & Shearer 1994 5269:Marine Research Foundation 3991:10.1177/104063870902100601 3843:Brandon T. Barton (2009). 3702:(1). Inter-Research: 267. 3455:Irish Naturalists' Journal 2493: 2471:(CPC), anomalies found in 2445:Department of the Interior 2233: 2049:In 2018, researchers from 1616: 1506: 841:Caretta caretta tarapacana 36: 29: 10024:EPBC Act endangered biota 9989:Symbols of South Carolina 9858: 9444: 9404: 9361: 9347: 9309: 9195: 9168: 9033: 8803: 8781: 8765: 8698: 8564: 8526: 8444: 8413: 8261: 8225: 8216: 8016: 7995: 7841: 7728: 7719: 7666: 7637: 7582: 7514: 7367: 7358: 7336: 7335: 7308: 7267: 7216: 7191:Tasbacka ouledabdounensis 7160: 7128: 7096: 7076: 7052: 7028: 6995: 6971: 6947: 6923: 6903: 6871: 6851: 6827: 6807: 6783: 6759: 6733: 6726: 6670: 5890:, and Loggerhead Turtle, 5101:10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.021 4722:10.1007/s10393-006-0032-x 4341:10.1007/s00227-006-0600-1 3033:Peaker & Linzell 1975 2977:Wynne & Schwartz 1999 2960:Wynne & Schwartz 1999 2805:Wynne & Schwartz 1999 2469:Climate Prediction Center 2393:Fish and Wildlife Service 2324:polychlorinated biphenyls 1441:Baja California Peninsula 1379:cosmopolitan distribution 369: 360: 337: 330: 195:Scientific classification 193: 176: 154: 145: 136: 48: 9994:Turtles of South America 9979:Cosmopolitan vertebrates 7043:Mexichelys coahuilaensis 7007:Kemp's ridley sea turtle 6626:Painting of a sea turtle 4458:Manire, Charles (2008). 3819:Sabrina Trocini (2013). 3064:10.3389/fvets.2020.00574 2681:. NOAA. 22 February 2017 2201:Loggerheads may display 2181:suggest females produce 2082:Hatchling running to sea 2051:Florida State University 1590:critical thermal maximum 1263:3d model of the skeleton 1179:Kemp's ridley sea turtle 1151:Kemp's ridley sea turtle 718:Thalassochelys corticata 7207:Tasbacka salisburgensis 7111:Pacifichelys hutchisoni 7019:Lepidochelys waikatoica 7012:Olive ridley sea turtle 6555:, Brodie ED Jr (1982). 5949:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7487 5783:Loggerhead Sea Turtle ( 5197:Bullock, Dusty (2008). 4953:Lorne & Salmon 2007 4582:10.1093/jhered/92.2.206 4569:The Journal of Heredity 4493:(subscription required) 4067:(subscription required) 3938:NOAA Fisheries (2010). 3891:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3807:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3774:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3640:Northwestern Naturalist 3618:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3603:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3591:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3545:Ernst & Lovich 2009 3453:(L.)) in Co. Wexford". 3267:C.Michael Hogan. 2011. 2898:Ernst & Lovich 2009 2473:sea surface temperature 1183:olive ridley sea turtle 1108:Turtle excluder devices 803:Caretta caretta caretta 743:Thalassochelys elongata 6986:Itilochelys rasstrigin 6842:Carolinochelys wilsoni 6798:Argillochelys africana 6424:Thalassochelys caretta 6399:Loggerhead Sea Turtles 6059:FAO Fisheries Synopsis 5836:: 1–83. Archived from 5712:10.1073/pnas.92.9.3731 4270:Avens, Larisa (2003). 4236:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0250 3636:) in British Columbia" 3565:. NOAA. Archived from 3122:Journal of Herpetology 2453:Department of Commerce 2401:Endangered Species Act 2381: 2379:turtle excluder device 2348:thermal power stations 2272:Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2258: 2246: 2177: 2169: 2141: 2116:Earth's magnetic field 2091: 2083: 1878:Red foxes in Australia 1805: 1793: 1630: 1567: 1374: 1296:leatherback sea turtle 1143:leatherback sea turtle 786:Thalassochelys cephalo 752:Thalassochelys caouana 705:Thalassochelys caouana 634:Thalassochelys caretta 39:Caretta, West Virginia 9778:Paleobiology Database 6819:Loggerhead sea turtle 6622:on Sealife Collection 6620:Loggerhead sea turtle 6605:Loggerhead sea turtle 4617:Ecology and Evolution 4563:Pearce, D.E. (2001). 3753:. Animaldiversity.org 3727:10536/DRO/DU:30058367 3118:Lepidochelys olivacea 2922:Wood, Gerald (1983). 2758:Bolten, A.B. (2003). 2588:: e.T3897A119333622. 2376: 2252: 2241: 2207:positively correlated 2175: 2167: 2139: 2089: 2081: 1957:Disease and parasites 1799: 1774:A horned ghost crab ( 1773: 1699:Portuguese men o' war 1624: 1565: 1369: 1279:3d model of the skull 1189:than they are to the 996:loggerhead sea turtle 832:Caretta caretta gigas 666:Cocteau & Bibron 512:Bory de Saint-Vincent 49:Loggerhead sea turtle 9586:Fauna Europaea (new) 7175:Tasbacka aldabergeni 7143:Syllomus aegyptiacus 7119:Pacifichelys urbinai 6915:Hawksbill sea turtle 6894:Eochelone voltregana 6886:Eochelone brabantica 6774:Allopleuron hofmanni 6426:, pp. 184–186). 6355:, Burton JA (1978). 6053:Márquez, R. (1990). 6008:Ecological Modelling 5209:on February 27, 2009 5033:Ecological Modelling 4910:John Briley (2020). 3557:Ross, Steve (2009). 3486:www.donegaldaily.com 3352:Vecchio, S. (2014). 2760:"Loggerhead Turtle ( 2671:"Loggerhead Turtle ( 2617:"Appendices | CITES" 2417:Cartagena Convention 2369:Conservation efforts 2221:size of 112.4 eggs. 2011:neurological disease 1414:Bazaruto Archipelago 1155:hawksbill sea turtle 836:— Deraniyagala, 1939 7088:Flatback sea turtle 6938:Gigantatypus salahi 6020:2017EcMod.360..163M 5940:1994PNAS...91.7487J 5703:1995PNAS...92.3731B 5342:on January 16, 2016 5308:on October 16, 2009 5230:Rees, Alan (2005). 5176:on December 9, 2009 5092:2007CBio...17.R590V 5045:2017EcMod.360..163M 4830:2007PLoSO...2.1041P 4786:on January 16, 2016 4629:2013EcoEv...3.4736L 4526:2007MolEc..16.3703Z 4333:2007MarBi.151.1605B 4046:10.1638/2007-0092.1 3865:"Don't Tread On Me" 3708:2007MEPS..336..267S 3417:"Zakynthos Airport" 3376:, pp. 165–66; 3176:2012PLoSO...747852J 2330:Artificial lighting 2278:Serratia marcescens 2126:pelagic environment 2020:Angiostoma carettae 1983:Fibropapillomatosis 1016:, belonging to the 531:Chelonia pelasgorum 148:Conservation status 10004:Endangered animals 9984:Symbols of Florida 8529:Nanhsiungchelyidae 8494:Macrocephalochelys 7151:Syllomus crispatus 6962:Glarichelys knorri 6571:, pp. 36–37). 6377:, King FW (1979). 6118:. pp. 1–297. 6086:Loggerhead Turtles 5363:Conant et al. 2009 5143:on August 18, 2010 3717:10.3354/meps336267 3652:10.1898/NWN17-26.1 3526:Conant et al. 2009 3340:Conant et al. 2009 3256:Conant et al. 2009 2997:on August 18, 2010 2725:Conant et al. 2009 2532:Sea turtle threats 2382: 2259: 2257:conservation team. 2247: 2244:Hilton Head Island 2203:multiple paternity 2178: 2170: 2150:freshwater turtles 2142: 2092: 2084: 1806: 1794: 1631: 1568: 1445:Great Barrier Reef 1416:to South Africa's 1395:Cape Verde Islands 1375: 1292:Galapagos tortoise 1085:. In total, nine 1079:vulnerable species 730:Chelonia corticata 497:Caretta nasicornis 406:Testudo nasicornis 9999:Turtles of Brazil 9951: 9950: 9765:Open Tree of Life 9721:loggerhead-turtle 9438:Taxon identifiers 9429: 9428: 9400: 9399: 9396: 9395: 9343: 9342: 9339: 9338: 8761: 8760: 8757: 8756: 8440: 8439: 8212: 8211: 7715: 7714: 7633: 7632: 7354: 7353: 7350: 7349: 7346: 7345: 7227: 7226: 7067:Miocaretta lankae 6746: 6745: 6543:978-0-544-12997-9 6249:"Ancient Origins" 5994:10.3354/esr003023 5934:(16): 7487–7490. 5869:978-0-8018-9121-2 5826:Biological Report 4623:(14): 4736–4747. 4520:(17): 3703–3711. 4514:Molecular Ecology 4480:10.1002/zoo.20171 4293:10.1242/jeb.00657 3298:Bowen et al. 1995 3286:Bowen et al. 1995 2935:978-0-85112-235-9 2841:Witherington 2006 2443:(USFWS), and the 2407:and Queensland's 2358:Tropical Cyclones 2079: 2029:respiratory tract 1814:oligochaete worms 1786:Western Australia 1538:, fish eggs, and 1426:Western Australia 1402:Arabian Peninsula 1325:Sexual dimorphism 1210:Cape of Good Hope 1159:green sea turtles 1049:Mediterranean Sea 1047:, as well as the 992: 991: 985: 975: 962: 950: 941: 923: 911: 894: 880: 864: 855: 846: 837: 828: 816: 799: 782: 769: 764:Eremonia elongata 760: 748: 739: 726: 714: 701: 692: 683: 682:— Fitzinger, 1843 674: 643: 630: 629:— Fitzinger, 1836 613: 592: 579:Chelonia caouanna 575: 551: 542: 527: 515: 502: 493: 484: 472: 460: 448: 440:Chelonia caouanna 436: 423: 414: 402: 390: 379: 312: 188: 171: 131: 16:(Redirected from 10036: 9944: 9943: 9931: 9930: 9918: 9917: 9905: 9904: 9892: 9891: 9879: 9878: 9877: 9851: 9850: 9838: 9837: 9825: 9824: 9812: 9811: 9799: 9798: 9786: 9785: 9773: 9772: 9760: 9759: 9747: 9746: 9734: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9711: 9710: 9698: 9697: 9695:NBNSYS0000188641 9685: 9684: 9672: 9671: 9659: 9658: 9646: 9645: 9633: 9632: 9620: 9619: 9607: 9606: 9594: 9593: 9581: 9580: 9568: 9567: 9555: 9554: 9542: 9541: 9532: 9531: 9519: 9518: 9506: 9505: 9493: 9492: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9465: 9464: 9463: 9433: 9432: 9359: 9358: 9352: 9351: 8864:Chupacabrachelys 8779: 8778: 8772: 8771: 8449: 8448: 8227:Carettochelyidae 8223: 8222: 7726: 7725: 7644: 7643: 7376: 7375: 7365: 7364: 7333: 7332: 7324: 7323: 7315: 7314: 7254: 7247: 7240: 7231: 7230: 7199:Tasbacka ruhoffi 6863:Green sea turtle 6754: 6753: 6731: 6730: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6615: 6519: 6500: 6412: 6342: 6340: 6338: 6332: 6326:. Archived from 6310:(5): 1012–1016. 6301: 6291: 6272: 6270: 6269: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6234:on July 21, 2011 6233: 6227:. Archived from 6216: 6201: 6189: 6178: 6157: 6151: 6147: 6145: 6137: 6117: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6083: 6073: 6071: 6070: 6049: 6039: 6014:(360): 163–178. 5998: 5996: 5971: 5961: 5951: 5918: 5916: 5915: 5909: 5903:. Archived from 5898: 5880: 5878: 5876: 5852: 5850: 5848: 5843:on July 18, 2011 5842: 5823: 5819:(Linnaeus 1758)" 5809: 5807: 5805: 5800:on July 24, 2015 5799: 5792: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5762:. Archived from 5734: 5724: 5714: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5654: 5653: 5638: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5621:Federal Register 5613: 5607: 5606: 5604: 5603: 5596:Federal Register 5588: 5582: 5581: 5579: 5578: 5571:Federal Register 5563: 5554: 5553: 5551: 5550: 5543:Federal Register 5535: 5526: 5525: 5523: 5522: 5515:Federal Register 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5490:Federal Register 5482: 5473: 5472: 5470: 5469: 5462:Federal Register 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5444: 5437:Federal Register 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5412:Federal Register 5404: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5380:Federal Register 5372: 5366: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5348: 5347: 5338:. Archived from 5327: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5304:. Archived from 5293: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5271:. Archived from 5260: 5254: 5253: 5248: 5247: 5242:on March 6, 2012 5227: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5205:. Archived from 5194: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5181: 5161: 5155: 5154: 5149: 5148: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5103: 5071: 5065: 5064: 5030: 5021: 5015: 5014: 5003: 4997: 4991: 4985: 4984: 4962: 4956: 4950: 4944: 4938: 4932: 4926: 4920: 4919: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4871: 4862: 4861: 4851: 4841: 4809: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4791: 4771: 4765: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4751:. Archived from 4740: 4734: 4733: 4704: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4658: 4648: 4637:10.1002/ece3.761 4604: 4595: 4594: 4584: 4560: 4554: 4553: 4508: 4495: 4494: 4491: 4455: 4446: 4440: 4423: 4417: 4400: 4394: 4385: 4379: 4370: 4364: 4353: 4352: 4327:(5): 1605–1614. 4312: 4306: 4305: 4295: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4247: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4185: 4176: 4175: 4173: 4171: 4166:on July 17, 2010 4151: 4142: 4136: 4130: 4124: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4069: 4068: 4065: 4021: 4012: 4011: 3993: 3969: 3960: 3959: 3957: 3955: 3935: 3926: 3920: 3911: 3905: 3894: 3888: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3777: 3771: 3762: 3761: 3759: 3758: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3729: 3719: 3683: 3672: 3671: 3627: 3621: 3615: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3588: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3574: 3554: 3548: 3542: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3477: 3471: 3470: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3430: 3428: 3413: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3358: 3349: 3343: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3307: 3301: 3295: 3289: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3259: 3253: 3242: 3236: 3223: 3217: 3208: 3207: 3197: 3187: 3155: 3146: 3145: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3084: 3066: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3009: 3008: 3003: 3002: 2986: 2980: 2974: 2963: 2957: 2940: 2939: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2884: 2878: 2861: 2855: 2844: 2838: 2832: 2826: 2820: 2814: 2808: 2802: 2796: 2790: 2784: 2783: 2781: 2779: 2770:. Archived from 2755: 2728: 2722: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2697: 2691: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2667: 2661: 2655: 2646: 2640: 2631: 2630: 2628: 2627: 2613: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2080: 1667:polychaete worms 1457:Yakushima Island 1344:Lachrymal glands 1288:green sea turtle 1276: 1275: 1260: 1259: 1244: 1187:hawksbill turtle 1095:CITES Appendix I 1059:and then become 983: 970: 957: 948: 930: 918: 906: 889: 878: 862: 853: 850:Chelonia cahuano 844: 835: 823: 806: 789: 776: 767: 755: 746: 733: 721: 708: 699: 696:Caouana elongata 690: 687:Caounana caretta 681: 658: 637: 628: 607: 582: 566: 549: 546:Chelonia cephalo 534: 522: 519:Testudo corianna 509: 506:Chelonia caretta 500: 491: 479: 467: 464:Chelonia cavanna 455: 443: 430: 421: 409: 397: 388: 378:Species synonymy 377: 365: 343: 307: 203: 202: 182: 165: 160: 159: 141: 123: 122: 59: 52:Temporal range: 46: 45: 21: 10044: 10043: 10039: 10038: 10037: 10035: 10034: 10033: 9954: 9953: 9952: 9947: 9939: 9934: 9926: 9921: 9913: 9908: 9900: 9895: 9887: 9882: 9873: 9872: 9867: 9860:Testudo caretta 9854: 9846: 9841: 9833: 9828: 9820: 9815: 9807: 9802: 9794: 9789: 9781: 9776: 9768: 9763: 9755: 9750: 9742: 9739:Observation.org 9737: 9729: 9727: 9719: 9714: 9706: 9701: 9693: 9688: 9680: 9675: 9667: 9662: 9654: 9649: 9641: 9636: 9628: 9623: 9615: 9610: 9602: 9597: 9589: 9584: 9576: 9571: 9563: 9558: 9550: 9545: 9537: 9535: 9529:caretta-caretta 9527: 9522: 9514: 9509: 9501: 9496: 9490:Caretta_caretta 9488: 9483: 9476:Caretta caretta 9474: 9473: 9468: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9446:Caretta caretta 9440: 9430: 9425: 9392: 9335: 9312:Sahonachelyidae 9305: 9191: 9164: 9029: 8960:Phosphatochelys 8799: 8753: 8694: 8689:Terlinguachelys 8657:Pneumatoarthrus 8560: 8522: 8436: 8409: 8257: 8208: 8012: 7991: 7979:Siebenrockiella 7837: 7711: 7662: 7629: 7578: 7565:Mesodermochelys 7510: 7371: 7342: 7304: 7263: 7258: 7228: 7223: 7212: 7183:Tasbacka danica 7156: 7124: 7092: 7072: 7048: 7024: 6991: 6967: 6943: 6919: 6899: 6867: 6847: 6823: 6803: 6779: 6755: 6751: 6742: 6735:Species of the 6722: 6666: 6660: 6596: 6589:, p. 123). 6587:Caretta caretta 6569:Caretta caretta 6547:Caretta caretta 6516: 6503: 6497: 6484: 6479:Testudo caretta 6450:Caretta caretta 6409: 6396: 6391:Caretta caretta 6369:Caretta caretta 6349: 6347:Further reading 6336: 6334: 6330: 6316:10.1139/z82-141 6299: 6288: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6237: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6214: 6210:Caretta Caretta 6198: 6175: 6149: 6148: 6139: 6138: 6126: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6081: 6068: 6066: 5913: 5911: 5907: 5896: 5892:Caretta caretta 5874: 5872: 5870: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5821: 5817:Caretta caretta 5803: 5801: 5797: 5790: 5785:Caretta caretta 5769: 5767: 5766:on May 28, 2010 5760: 5685:Caretta caretta 5677: 5672: 5664: 5660: 5651: 5649: 5640: 5639: 5635: 5626: 5624: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5601: 5599: 5590: 5589: 5585: 5576: 5574: 5565: 5564: 5557: 5548: 5546: 5537: 5536: 5529: 5520: 5518: 5509: 5508: 5504: 5495: 5493: 5484: 5483: 5476: 5467: 5465: 5456: 5455: 5451: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5426: 5417: 5415: 5406: 5405: 5394: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5373: 5369: 5361: 5357: 5345: 5343: 5328: 5324: 5311: 5309: 5294: 5290: 5278: 5276: 5275:on May 30, 2010 5261: 5257: 5245: 5243: 5228: 5224: 5212: 5210: 5195: 5191: 5179: 5177: 5162: 5158: 5146: 5144: 5129: 5125: 5080:Current Biology 5072: 5068: 5028: 5022: 5018: 5013:. 15 June 2020. 5005: 5004: 5000: 4992: 4988: 4981:10.1139/z92-080 4963: 4959: 4951: 4947: 4939: 4935: 4927: 4923: 4908: 4904: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4878:Caretta caretta 4872: 4865: 4810: 4799: 4789: 4787: 4778:Caretta caretta 4772: 4768: 4758: 4756: 4755:on May 27, 2010 4749:Chicago Tribune 4741: 4737: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4686: 4678: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4611:Caretta caretta 4605: 4598: 4561: 4557: 4509: 4498: 4492: 4462:Caretta caretta 4456: 4449: 4441: 4426: 4418: 4403: 4395: 4388: 4380: 4373: 4365: 4356: 4317:Caretta caretta 4313: 4309: 4274:Caretta caretta 4268: 4261: 4223:Biology Letters 4210: 4206: 4198: 4194: 4186: 4179: 4169: 4167: 4152: 4145: 4137: 4133: 4125: 4114: 4105: 4103: 4091: 4087: 4079: 4072: 4066: 4028:Caretta caretta 4022: 4015: 3970: 3963: 3953: 3951: 3950:on May 28, 2010 3936: 3929: 3921: 3914: 3906: 3897: 3889: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3861: 3857: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3824:Caretta caretta 3817: 3813: 3805: 3794: 3785: 3784: 3780: 3772: 3765: 3756: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3684: 3675: 3634:Caretta caretta 3628: 3624: 3616: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3589: 3582: 3572: 3570: 3569:on May 28, 2010 3555: 3551: 3543: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3500: 3493: 3478: 3474: 3451:Caretta caretta 3447: 3443: 3435:Caretta Caretta 3426: 3424: 3423:on July 6, 2010 3415: 3414: 3410: 3401: 3399: 3386:Caretta caretta 3382:Caretta caretta 3378:Dimopoulos, D. 3372: 3368: 3361:Storie Naturali 3356: 3350: 3346: 3338: 3334: 3325: 3323: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3284: 3277: 3266: 3262: 3254: 3245: 3237: 3226: 3218: 3211: 3156: 3149: 3134:10.2307/1564414 3114:Caretta caretta 3110: 3106: 3043: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3019: 3012: 3000: 2998: 2987: 2983: 2975: 2966: 2958: 2943: 2936: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2896: 2887: 2879: 2864: 2856: 2847: 2839: 2835: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2803: 2799: 2791: 2787: 2777: 2775: 2774:on May 14, 2010 2762:Caretta caretta 2756: 2731: 2723: 2714: 2705: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2684: 2682: 2673:Caretta caretta 2669: 2668: 2664: 2656: 2649: 2641: 2634: 2625: 2623: 2615: 2614: 2610: 2600: 2598: 2574:Caretta caretta 2568: 2564: 2556: 2549: 2545: 2540: 2512: 2496: 2429: 2371: 2283:bioaccumulation 2236: 2227: 2162: 2134: 2070: 2068: 2063: 2027:lesions in the 1959: 1768: 1731:vascular plants 1651:horseshoe crabs 1619: 1560: 1509: 1364: 1352:Caretta caretta 1348:osmotic balance 1284: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1280: 1277: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1261: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1245: 1234: 1191:flatback turtle 1167: 1128:Caretta caretta 1124:Testudo caretta 1117: 1001:Caretta caretta 988: 982: 969: 956: 949:Fitzinger, 1843 947: 929: 917: 905: 888: 882: 881: 874: 861: 852: 843: 834: 822: 805: 788: 775: 773:Caretta caretta 766: 754: 745: 732: 720: 707: 698: 689: 680: 678:Halichelys atra 657: 636: 627: 606: 581: 565: 548: 533: 521: 508: 499: 490: 488:Caretta cephalo 478: 466: 454: 442: 429: 427:Chelone caretta 420: 418:Testudo caouana 408: 396: 394:Testudo cephalo 387: 385:Testudo caretta 381: 380: 356: 345: 341:Caretta caretta 339: 326: 323:C. caretta 306: 197: 189: 172: 161: 157: 150: 132: 121: 120: 115: 110: 105: 100: 95: 90: 85: 80: 75: 70: 65: 54: 53: 50: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Caretta caretta 15: 12: 11: 5: 10042: 10032: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9949: 9948: 9946: 9945: 9932: 9919: 9906: 9893: 9880: 9864: 9862: 9856: 9855: 9853: 9852: 9839: 9826: 9813: 9800: 9787: 9774: 9761: 9748: 9735: 9725: 9712: 9699: 9686: 9673: 9660: 9647: 9634: 9621: 9608: 9595: 9582: 9573:Fauna Europaea 9569: 9556: 9543: 9533: 9520: 9507: 9494: 9481: 9466: 9450: 9448: 9442: 9441: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9423: 9416: 9415: 9414:. † = extinct. 9405: 9402: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9394: 9393: 9391: 9390: 9382: 9374: 9365: 9363: 9356: 9349: 9345: 9344: 9341: 9340: 9337: 9336: 9334: 9333: 9325: 9316: 9314: 9307: 9306: 9304: 9303: 9295: 9288: 9281: 9273: 9265: 9258: 9250: 9242: 9234: 9226: 9218: 9210: 9207:Albertwoodemys 9201: 9199: 9197:Podocnemididae 9193: 9192: 9190: 9189: 9182: 9174: 9172: 9166: 9165: 9163: 9162: 9154: 9147: 9140: 9133: 9125: 9118: 9111: 9104: 9097: 9094:Lomalatachelys 9089: 9082: 9075: 9068: 9061: 9054: 9047: 9039: 9037: 9031: 9030: 9028: 9027: 9019: 9011: 9003: 8995: 8987: 8979: 8971: 8963: 8955: 8947: 8944:Labrostochelys 8939: 8931: 8923: 8915: 8907: 8899: 8891: 8883: 8875: 8867: 8859: 8851: 8843: 8835: 8827: 8819: 8810: 8808: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8797: 8788: 8786: 8784:Araripemydidae 8776: 8769: 8763: 8762: 8759: 8758: 8755: 8754: 8752: 8751: 8743: 8735: 8727: 8719: 8711: 8702: 8700: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8684: 8676: 8668: 8660: 8652: 8644: 8636: 8628: 8620: 8612: 8604: 8596: 8588: 8580: 8571: 8569: 8562: 8561: 8559: 8558: 8550: 8542: 8533: 8531: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8520: 8512: 8504: 8497: 8489: 8486:Emarginachelys 8481: 8473: 8465: 8457: 8455: 8446: 8442: 8441: 8438: 8437: 8435: 8434: 8431:Sinaspideretes 8426: 8417: 8415: 8411: 8410: 8408: 8407: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8379: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8350: 8342: 8334: 8326: 8319: 8311: 8304: 8297: 8290: 8282: 8275: 8267: 8265: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8255: 8248: 8240: 8231: 8229: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8210: 8209: 8207: 8206: 8199: 8191: 8184: 8176: 8169: 8162: 8154: 8146: 8139: 8132: 8125: 8118: 8111: 8108:Hesperotestudo 8103: 8095: 8088: 8081: 8073: 8065: 8058: 8051: 8044: 8037: 8030: 8022: 8020: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8010: 8002: 8000: 7998:Platysternidae 7993: 7992: 7990: 7989: 7982: 7975: 7968: 7961: 7954: 7947: 7940: 7933: 7926: 7919: 7912: 7905: 7898: 7891: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7863: 7855: 7847: 7845: 7839: 7838: 7836: 7835: 7827: 7820: 7813: 7806: 7799: 7792: 7785: 7778: 7771: 7764: 7757: 7750: 7743: 7734: 7732: 7723: 7717: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7709: 7702: 7695: 7688: 7680: 7672: 7670: 7664: 7663: 7661: 7660: 7652: 7650: 7648:Dermatemydidae 7641: 7639:Kinosternoidea 7635: 7634: 7631: 7630: 7628: 7627: 7619: 7611: 7608:Procolpochelys 7603: 7595: 7586: 7584: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7576: 7568: 7560: 7552: 7545: 7537: 7529: 7520: 7518: 7516:Dermochelyidae 7512: 7511: 7509: 7508: 7500: 7492: 7484: 7477: 7469: 7461: 7454: 7446: 7438: 7430: 7423: 7415: 7408: 7405:Carolinochelys 7400: 7393: 7384: 7382: 7373: 7362: 7356: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7343: 7330: 7321: 7312: 7306: 7305: 7303: 7302: 7296: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7268: 7265: 7264: 7257: 7256: 7249: 7242: 7234: 7225: 7224: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7202: 7194: 7186: 7178: 7169: 7167: 7158: 7157: 7155: 7154: 7146: 7137: 7135: 7126: 7125: 7123: 7122: 7114: 7105: 7103: 7094: 7093: 7091: 7090: 7084: 7082: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7070: 7061: 7059: 7050: 7049: 7047: 7046: 7037: 7035: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7014: 7009: 7003: 7001: 6993: 6992: 6990: 6989: 6980: 6978: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6965: 6956: 6954: 6945: 6944: 6942: 6941: 6932: 6930: 6921: 6920: 6918: 6917: 6911: 6909: 6901: 6900: 6898: 6897: 6889: 6880: 6878: 6869: 6868: 6866: 6865: 6859: 6857: 6849: 6848: 6846: 6845: 6836: 6834: 6831:Carolinochelys 6825: 6824: 6822: 6821: 6815: 6813: 6805: 6804: 6802: 6801: 6792: 6790: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6777: 6768: 6766: 6757: 6756: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6743: 6728: 6724: 6723: 6721: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6690: 6684: 6678: 6671: 6668: 6667: 6659: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6636: 6630: 6629: 6623: 6616: 6602: 6595: 6594:External links 6592: 6591: 6590: 6572: 6550: 6520: 6514: 6501: 6495: 6482: 6468: 6453: 6427: 6413: 6407: 6394: 6372: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6333:on 30 May 2010 6292: 6286: 6273: 6261: 6244: 6224:978-8469166239 6223: 6202: 6196: 6179: 6173: 6158: 6150:|journal= 6124: 6107: 6094: 6074: 6050: 5999: 5972: 5919: 5888:Chelonia mydas 5881: 5868: 5853: 5810: 5776: 5758: 5735: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5670: 5658: 5633: 5608: 5583: 5555: 5527: 5502: 5474: 5449: 5424: 5392: 5367: 5355: 5322: 5288: 5255: 5222: 5189: 5156: 5123: 5086:(15): R590-1. 5066: 5016: 4998: 4996:, p. 7489 4986: 4975:(3): 530–538. 4957: 4945: 4933: 4921: 4916:Trust Magazine 4902: 4863: 4797: 4766: 4735: 4696: 4684: 4672: 4660: 4596: 4575:(2): 206–211. 4555: 4496: 4447: 4424: 4401: 4386: 4371: 4354: 4321:Marine Biology 4307: 4259: 4204: 4192: 4177: 4143: 4141:, p. 1013 4131: 4112: 4100:Hakai Magazine 4085: 4070: 4013: 3961: 3927: 3912: 3895: 3878: 3855: 3835: 3811: 3792: 3778: 3763: 3741: 3673: 3622: 3607: 3595: 3580: 3549: 3530: 3518: 3506: 3491: 3472: 3441: 3408: 3366: 3344: 3332: 3302: 3300:, p. 3733 3290: 3288:, p. 3731 3275: 3260: 3243: 3224: 3209: 3170:(11): e47852. 3147: 3104: 3037: 3025: 3010: 2981: 2964: 2941: 2934: 2914: 2902: 2885: 2862: 2845: 2833: 2821: 2809: 2797: 2785: 2768:NOAA Fisheries 2729: 2712: 2692: 2679:NOAA Fisheries 2662: 2647: 2632: 2608: 2562: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2539: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2523: 2511: 2508: 2500:Colombian peso 2495: 2492: 2428: 2425: 2370: 2367: 2235: 2232: 2226: 2223: 2196:nesting season 2161: 2158: 2133: 2130: 2097:high-tide line 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 1993:of the family 1958: 1955: 1914:portunid crabs 1868:, canids like 1767: 1764: 1618: 1615: 1559: 1556: 1508: 1505: 1501:County Wexford 1437:East China Sea 1363: 1360: 1278: 1269: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1253: 1252: 1251: 1246: 1239: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1166: 1163: 1116: 1113: 1104:fishing trawls 1010:oceanic turtle 990: 989: 987: 986: 976: 963: 951: 942: 924: 915:Thalassochelys 912: 902:Thalassochelys 895: 879:Genus synonymy 877: 876: 875: 873: 872: 859:Caretta careta 856: 854:— Tamayo, 1962 847: 845:Caldwell, 1962 838: 829: 817: 800: 783: 770: 761: 749: 740: 727: 715: 702: 693: 684: 675: 644: 631: 621:Thalassochelys 614: 600:Thalassochelys 593: 585:A.M.C. Duméril 576: 574:Bélanger, 1834 552: 543: 528: 516: 503: 501:— Merrem, 1820 494: 492:— Merrem, 1820 485: 473: 461: 452:Caretta nasuta 449: 437: 424: 422:Lacépède, 1788 415: 403: 391: 389:Linnaeus, 1758 376: 375: 374: 367: 366: 358: 357: 346: 335: 334: 328: 327: 320: 318: 314: 313: 299: 295: 294: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 259: 255: 254: 249: 245: 244: 239: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 219: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 191: 190: 177: 174: 173: 155: 152: 151: 146: 143: 142: 134: 133: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 71: 66: 61: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10041: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9942: 9937: 9933: 9929: 9924: 9920: 9916: 9911: 9907: 9903: 9898: 9894: 9890: 9885: 9881: 9876: 9870: 9866: 9865: 9863: 9861: 9857: 9849: 9844: 9840: 9836: 9831: 9827: 9823: 9818: 9814: 9810: 9805: 9801: 9797: 9792: 9788: 9784: 9779: 9775: 9771: 9766: 9762: 9758: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9726: 9722: 9717: 9713: 9709: 9704: 9700: 9696: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9678: 9674: 9670: 9665: 9661: 9657: 9652: 9648: 9644: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9626: 9622: 9618: 9613: 9609: 9605: 9600: 9596: 9592: 9587: 9583: 9579: 9574: 9570: 9566: 9561: 9557: 9553: 9548: 9544: 9540: 9534: 9530: 9525: 9521: 9517: 9512: 9508: 9504: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9486: 9482: 9477: 9471: 9467: 9462: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9449: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9434: 9422: 9418: 9417: 9413: 9412: 9407: 9406: 9403: 9389: 9388: 9387:Tacuarembemys 9383: 9381: 9380: 9375: 9373: 9372: 9367: 9366: 9364: 9360: 9357: 9353: 9350: 9346: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9324: 9323: 9322:Sahonachelys 9318: 9317: 9315: 9313: 9308: 9302: 9301: 9296: 9294: 9293: 9289: 9287: 9286: 9285:Peltocephalus 9282: 9280: 9279: 9274: 9272: 9271: 9270:Lapparentemys 9266: 9264: 9263: 9259: 9257: 9256: 9251: 9249: 9248: 9243: 9241: 9240: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9225: 9224: 9219: 9217: 9216: 9211: 9209: 9208: 9203: 9202: 9200: 9198: 9194: 9188: 9187: 9183: 9181: 9180: 9176: 9175: 9173: 9171: 9170:Pelomedusidae 9167: 9161: 9160: 9159:Yaminuechelys 9155: 9153: 9152: 9148: 9146: 9145: 9141: 9139: 9138: 9134: 9132: 9131: 9130:Prochelidella 9126: 9124: 9123: 9119: 9117: 9116: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9105: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9096: 9095: 9090: 9088: 9087: 9083: 9081: 9080: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9069: 9067: 9066: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9055: 9053: 9052: 9048: 9046: 9045: 9044:Acanthochelys 9041: 9040: 9038: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9025: 9020: 9018: 9017: 9012: 9010: 9009: 9004: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8994: 8993: 8988: 8986: 8985: 8980: 8978: 8977: 8972: 8970: 8969: 8964: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8946: 8945: 8940: 8938: 8937: 8932: 8930: 8929: 8928:Kinkonychelys 8924: 8922: 8921: 8916: 8914: 8913: 8912:Itapecuruemys 8908: 8906: 8905: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8892: 8890: 8889: 8884: 8882: 8881: 8876: 8874: 8873: 8872:Eotaphrosphys 8868: 8866: 8865: 8860: 8858: 8857: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8844: 8842: 8841: 8836: 8834: 8833: 8828: 8826: 8825: 8820: 8818: 8817: 8812: 8811: 8809: 8807: 8806:Bothremydidae 8802: 8796: 8795: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8785: 8780: 8777: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8764: 8750: 8749: 8744: 8742: 8741: 8736: 8734: 8733: 8728: 8726: 8725: 8720: 8718: 8717: 8716:Argillochelys 8712: 8710: 8709: 8704: 8703: 8701: 8697: 8691: 8690: 8685: 8683: 8682: 8681:Santanachelys 8677: 8675: 8674: 8669: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8653: 8651: 8650: 8645: 8643: 8642: 8637: 8635: 8634: 8629: 8627: 8626: 8625:Desmatochelys 8621: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8611: 8610: 8609:Calcarichelys 8605: 8603: 8602: 8597: 8595: 8594: 8593:Atlantochelys 8589: 8587: 8586: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8573: 8572: 8570: 8568: 8567:Protostegidae 8563: 8557: 8556: 8555:Jiangxichelys 8551: 8549: 8548: 8543: 8541: 8540: 8539:Anomalochelys 8535: 8534: 8532: 8530: 8525: 8519: 8518: 8517:Protochelydra 8513: 8511: 8510: 8509:Planiplastron 8505: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8496: 8495: 8490: 8488: 8487: 8482: 8480: 8479: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8464: 8463: 8459: 8458: 8456: 8454: 8450: 8447: 8443: 8433: 8432: 8427: 8425: 8424: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8412: 8406: 8405: 8401: 8399: 8398: 8394: 8392: 8391: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8378: 8377: 8372: 8370: 8369: 8365: 8363: 8362: 8358: 8356: 8355: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8341: 8340: 8335: 8333: 8332: 8327: 8325: 8324: 8320: 8318: 8317: 8316:Drazinderetes 8312: 8310: 8309: 8305: 8303: 8302: 8298: 8296: 8295: 8291: 8289: 8288: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8260: 8254: 8253: 8252:Carettochelys 8249: 8247: 8246: 8241: 8239: 8238: 8233: 8232: 8230: 8228: 8224: 8221: 8219: 8215: 8205: 8204: 8200: 8198: 8197: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8185: 8183: 8182: 8177: 8175: 8174: 8170: 8168: 8167: 8163: 8161: 8160: 8155: 8153: 8152: 8147: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8138: 8137: 8136:Malacochersus 8133: 8131: 8130: 8126: 8124: 8123: 8119: 8117: 8116: 8112: 8110: 8109: 8104: 8102: 8101: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8087: 8086: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8066: 8064: 8063: 8059: 8057: 8056: 8052: 8050: 8049: 8045: 8043: 8042: 8038: 8036: 8035: 8031: 8029: 8028: 8027:Aldabrachelys 8024: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8015: 8009: 8008: 8004: 8003: 8001: 7999: 7994: 7988: 7987: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7976: 7974: 7973: 7969: 7967: 7966: 7962: 7960: 7959: 7955: 7953: 7952: 7948: 7946: 7945: 7941: 7939: 7938: 7934: 7932: 7931: 7927: 7925: 7924: 7920: 7918: 7917: 7913: 7911: 7910: 7909:Leucocephalon 7906: 7904: 7903: 7899: 7897: 7896: 7892: 7890: 7889: 7885: 7883: 7882: 7878: 7876: 7875: 7871: 7869: 7868: 7864: 7862: 7861: 7860:Banhxeochelys 7856: 7854: 7853: 7849: 7848: 7846: 7844: 7840: 7834: 7833: 7828: 7826: 7825: 7821: 7819: 7818: 7814: 7812: 7811: 7807: 7805: 7804: 7800: 7798: 7797: 7793: 7791: 7790: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7779: 7777: 7776: 7772: 7770: 7769: 7765: 7763: 7762: 7758: 7756: 7755: 7751: 7749: 7748: 7744: 7742: 7741: 7736: 7735: 7733: 7731: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7721:Testudinoidea 7718: 7708: 7707: 7703: 7701: 7700: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7674: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7668:Kinosternidae 7665: 7659: 7658: 7654: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7626: 7625: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7616:Protosphargis 7612: 7610: 7609: 7604: 7602: 7601: 7596: 7594: 7593: 7588: 7587: 7585: 7581: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7559: 7558: 7553: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7544: 7543: 7538: 7536: 7535: 7530: 7528: 7527: 7522: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7513: 7507: 7506: 7501: 7499: 7498: 7493: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7483: 7482: 7478: 7476: 7475: 7470: 7468: 7467: 7462: 7460: 7459: 7455: 7453: 7452: 7447: 7445: 7444: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7429: 7428: 7424: 7422: 7421: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7409: 7407: 7406: 7401: 7399: 7398: 7394: 7392: 7391: 7386: 7385: 7383: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7372:(Sea turtles) 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7357: 7341: 7340: 7334: 7331: 7329: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7307: 7301: 7297: 7295: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7282: 7280: 7276: 7274: 7270: 7269: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7250: 7248: 7243: 7241: 7236: 7235: 7232: 7221: 7215: 7209: 7208: 7203: 7201: 7200: 7195: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7185: 7184: 7179: 7177: 7176: 7171: 7170: 7168: 7166: 7165: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7147: 7145: 7144: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7115: 7113: 7112: 7107: 7106: 7104: 7102: 7101: 7095: 7089: 7086: 7085: 7083: 7081: 7080: 7075: 7069: 7068: 7063: 7062: 7060: 7058: 7057: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7039: 7038: 7036: 7034: 7033: 7027: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7013: 7010: 7008: 7005: 7004: 7002: 7000: 6999: 6994: 6988: 6987: 6982: 6981: 6979: 6977: 6976: 6970: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6957: 6955: 6953: 6952: 6946: 6940: 6939: 6934: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6928: 6922: 6916: 6913: 6912: 6910: 6908: 6907: 6902: 6896: 6895: 6890: 6888: 6887: 6882: 6881: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6870: 6864: 6861: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6850: 6844: 6843: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6811: 6806: 6800: 6799: 6794: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6787:Argillochelys 6782: 6776: 6775: 6770: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6758: 6740: 6739: 6732: 6729: 6725: 6719: 6715: 6713: 6710:Superfamily: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6683: 6679: 6677: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6664: 6657: 6652: 6650: 6645: 6643: 6638: 6637: 6634: 6627: 6624: 6621: 6617: 6614: 6610: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6598: 6597: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6573: 6570: 6566: 6565:0-307-13666-3 6562: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6521: 6517: 6515:0-8493-1123-3 6511: 6507: 6502: 6498: 6496:0-8493-8422-2 6492: 6488: 6483: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6469: 6466: 6465:1-56647-651-8 6462: 6458: 6454: 6451: 6447: 6446:0-7167-0020-4 6443: 6439: 6435: 6431: 6428: 6425: 6421: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6408:1-58834-136-4 6404: 6400: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6387:0-394-50824-6 6384: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6370: 6366: 6365:0-00-219318-3 6362: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6350: 6329: 6325: 6321: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6298: 6293: 6289: 6287:0-938412-43-4 6283: 6279: 6274: 6264: 6262:0-7603-2644-4 6258: 6254: 6250: 6245: 6230: 6226: 6220: 6213: 6212: 6209: 6203: 6199: 6197:0-8018-8007-6 6193: 6188: 6187: 6180: 6176: 6174:0-313-28862-3 6170: 6166: 6165: 6159: 6155: 6143: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6125:0-521-20629-4 6121: 6116: 6115: 6108: 6097: 6091: 6087: 6080: 6075: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6047: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6009: 6005: 6000: 5995: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5910:on 2011-07-06 5906: 5902: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5871: 5865: 5861: 5860: 5854: 5839: 5835: 5831: 5827: 5820: 5818: 5811: 5796: 5789: 5788: 5784: 5777: 5765: 5761: 5759:0-309-04247-X 5755: 5751: 5750:10.17226/1536 5747: 5743: 5742: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5704: 5700: 5697:(9): 3731–4. 5696: 5692: 5688: 5686: 5679: 5678: 5668:, p. 323 5667: 5662: 5648:on 2011-07-21 5647: 5643: 5637: 5622: 5618: 5612: 5597: 5593: 5587: 5572: 5568: 5562: 5560: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5532: 5516: 5512: 5506: 5491: 5487: 5481: 5479: 5463: 5459: 5453: 5438: 5434: 5428: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5371: 5364: 5359: 5352: 5341: 5337: 5336:seaturtle.org 5333: 5326: 5319: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5292: 5285: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5259: 5252: 5241: 5237: 5233: 5226: 5219: 5208: 5204: 5200: 5193: 5186: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5160: 5153: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5102: 5097: 5093: 5089: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5070: 5062: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5012: 5008: 5002: 4995: 4990: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4970: 4969: 4961: 4954: 4949: 4943:, p. 115 4942: 4937: 4931:, p. 114 4930: 4925: 4917: 4913: 4906: 4892:on 2010-12-07 4888: 4881: 4879: 4870: 4868: 4859: 4855: 4850: 4845: 4840: 4835: 4831: 4827: 4824:(10): e1041. 4823: 4819: 4815: 4808: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4785: 4781: 4779: 4770: 4754: 4750: 4746: 4739: 4731: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4716:(3): 141–53. 4715: 4711: 4703: 4701: 4694:, p. 178 4693: 4688: 4682:, p. 133 4681: 4676: 4670:, p. 131 4669: 4664: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4612: 4603: 4601: 4592: 4588: 4583: 4578: 4574: 4570: 4566: 4559: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4489: 4485: 4481: 4477: 4474:(3): 213–25. 4473: 4469: 4465: 4463: 4454: 4452: 4445:, p. 170 4444: 4439: 4437: 4435: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4422:, p. 127 4421: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4408: 4406: 4399:, p. 126 4398: 4393: 4391: 4383: 4378: 4376: 4369:, p. 125 4368: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4277: 4275: 4266: 4264: 4255: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4224: 4219: 4215: 4208: 4201: 4196: 4189: 4184: 4182: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4150: 4148: 4140: 4135: 4129:, p. 128 4128: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4117: 4102: 4101: 4096: 4089: 4083:, p. 177 4082: 4077: 4075: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4020: 4018: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3992: 3987: 3984:(6): 733–59. 3983: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3966: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3924: 3919: 3917: 3910:, p. 171 3909: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3892: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3866: 3859: 3848: 3847: 3839: 3828: 3827: 3826:) populations 3823: 3815: 3808: 3803: 3801: 3799: 3797: 3788: 3782: 3775: 3770: 3768: 3752: 3745: 3737: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3693: 3689: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3635: 3626: 3619: 3614: 3612: 3604: 3599: 3592: 3587: 3585: 3568: 3564: 3562: 3553: 3546: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3535: 3527: 3522: 3516:, p. 174 3515: 3510: 3504:, p. 172 3503: 3498: 3496: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3438: 3436: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3387: 3383: 3375: 3370: 3362: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3336: 3322:on 2010-04-26 3321: 3317: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3294: 3287: 3282: 3280: 3273: 3271: 3264: 3257: 3252: 3250: 3248: 3241:, p. 165 3240: 3235: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3222:, p. 164 3221: 3216: 3214: 3205: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3186: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3154: 3152: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3108: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3083: 3078: 3074: 3070: 3065: 3060: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3041: 3035:, p. 231 3034: 3029: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3007: 2996: 2992: 2985: 2979:, p. 110 2978: 2973: 2971: 2969: 2962:, p. 104 2961: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2918: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2883:, p. 166 2882: 2877: 2875: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2867: 2860:, p. 167 2859: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2842: 2837: 2831:, p. 581 2830: 2825: 2818: 2813: 2806: 2801: 2794: 2789: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2763: 2754: 2752: 2750: 2748: 2746: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2738: 2736: 2734: 2726: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2680: 2676: 2674: 2666: 2659: 2654: 2652: 2644: 2639: 2637: 2622: 2618: 2612: 2596: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2559: 2554: 2552: 2547: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2521: 2517: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2505: 2504:state reptile 2501: 2491: 2487: 2484: 2483: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2458: 2454: 2449: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2427:United States 2424: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2385: 2380: 2375: 2366: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2349: 2343: 2340: 2334: 2331: 2327: 2325: 2320: 2314: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2284: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2256: 2251: 2245: 2240: 2231: 2222: 2220: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2199: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2184: 2174: 2166: 2157: 2153: 2151: 2147: 2138: 2129: 2127: 2123: 2122: 2117: 2113: 2109: 2104: 2100: 2098: 2088: 2058: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2032: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1995:Spirorchiidae 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1972: 1971: 1966: 1965: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:Procyon lotor 1945: 1940: 1938: 1937:Vulpes vulpes 1934: 1929: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1839: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1803: 1798: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1772: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1719:sea cucumbers 1716: 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635:invertebrates 1628: 1623: 1614: 1612: 1607: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1577: 1572: 1564: 1555: 1553: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1520: 1517: 1516: 1504: 1502: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1475: 1469: 1467: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1404:, and in the 1403: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1382: 1380: 1373: 1368: 1359: 1355: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1339: 1338:radiolabeling 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1289: 1274: 1258: 1243: 1229: 1227: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1198: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1173: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:Carl Linnaeus 1112: 1109: 1105: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1075: 1073: 1072:invertebrates 1069: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1045:Indian Oceans 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1003: 1002: 997: 981: 980:Proganosaurus 977: 973: 968: 964: 960: 955: 952: 946: 943: 939: 936: 933: 928: 925: 921: 916: 913: 909: 903: 899: 896: 892: 887: 884: 883: 870: 869: 860: 857: 851: 848: 842: 839: 833: 830: 826: 821: 820:Caretta gigas 818: 814: 810: 804: 801: 797: 793: 787: 784: 780: 774: 771: 765: 762: 758: 753: 750: 747:Strauch, 1862 744: 741: 737: 731: 728: 724: 719: 716: 712: 706: 703: 697: 694: 688: 685: 679: 676: 672: 669: 665: 662: 656: 652: 648: 645: 641: 635: 632: 626: 622: 618: 615: 611: 605: 601: 597: 594: 590: 586: 580: 577: 573: 570: 564: 560: 556: 553: 547: 544: 540: 537: 532: 529: 525: 520: 517: 513: 507: 504: 498: 495: 489: 486: 482: 477: 474: 470: 465: 462: 458: 453: 450: 446: 441: 438: 434: 428: 425: 419: 416: 412: 407: 404: 400: 395: 392: 386: 383: 382: 373: 368: 364: 359: 354: 350: 344: 342: 336: 333: 332:Binomial name 329: 325: 324: 319: 316: 315: 310: 305: 304: 300: 297: 296: 293: 290: 287: 286: 283: 280: 277: 276: 273: 270: 268:Superfamily: 267: 266: 263: 260: 257: 256: 253: 250: 247: 246: 243: 240: 237: 236: 233: 230: 227: 226: 223: 220: 217: 216: 213: 210: 207: 206: 201: 196: 192: 186: 180: 175: 169: 164: 153: 149: 144: 140: 135: 130: 126: 119: 114: 109: 104: 99: 94: 89: 84: 79: 74: 69: 64: 58: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 9859: 9445: 9410: 9385: 9377: 9369: 9328: 9320: 9298: 9290: 9283: 9276: 9268: 9262:Erymnochelys 9260: 9253: 9247:Cerrejonemys 9245: 9237: 9229: 9223:Brontochelys 9221: 9213: 9205: 9184: 9177: 9157: 9149: 9142: 9137:Pseudemydura 9135: 9128: 9120: 9113: 9106: 9099: 9092: 9084: 9077: 9070: 9063: 9056: 9049: 9042: 9022: 9014: 9006: 8998: 8990: 8982: 8974: 8966: 8958: 8950: 8942: 8934: 8926: 8918: 8910: 8902: 8894: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8862: 8854: 8846: 8838: 8830: 8822: 8814: 8792: 8746: 8740:Prionochelys 8738: 8730: 8722: 8714: 8706: 8687: 8679: 8671: 8663: 8655: 8647: 8639: 8631: 8623: 8617:Cratochelone 8615: 8607: 8601:Bouliachelys 8599: 8591: 8583: 8577:Alienochelys 8575: 8553: 8545: 8537: 8515: 8507: 8499: 8492: 8484: 8478:Chelydropsis 8476: 8468: 8460: 8429: 8423:Basilochelys 8421: 8402: 8395: 8388: 8381: 8374: 8366: 8359: 8352: 8347:Khunnuchelys 8345: 8337: 8329: 8321: 8314: 8306: 8299: 8292: 8285: 8277: 8270: 8263:Trionychidae 8250: 8243: 8237:Allaeochelys 8235: 8201: 8194: 8188:Stigmochelys 8186: 8179: 8171: 8164: 8157: 8151:Megalochelys 8149: 8141: 8134: 8127: 8120: 8113: 8106: 8098: 8090: 8083: 8076: 8068: 8062:Cylindraspis 8060: 8053: 8046: 8041:Centrochelys 8039: 8032: 8025: 8018:Testudinidae 8007:Platysternon 8005: 7986:Vijayachelys 7984: 7977: 7970: 7965:Rhinoclemmys 7963: 7956: 7949: 7942: 7935: 7930:Melanochelys 7928: 7921: 7914: 7907: 7900: 7893: 7886: 7879: 7872: 7865: 7858: 7850: 7830: 7822: 7815: 7808: 7801: 7794: 7787: 7780: 7773: 7766: 7759: 7752: 7745: 7740:Acherontemys 7738: 7706:Sternotherus 7704: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7675: 7655: 7622: 7614: 7606: 7598: 7590: 7573:Psephophorus 7571: 7563: 7555: 7547: 7540: 7532: 7524: 7503: 7495: 7489:Pacifichelys 7487: 7479: 7472: 7464: 7458:Lepidochelys 7456: 7449: 7441: 7435:Gigantatypus 7433: 7427:Eretmochelys 7425: 7418: 7410: 7403: 7396: 7395: 7388: 7369:Chelonioidea 7337: 7289: 7222:. †=Extinct. 7205: 7197: 7189: 7181: 7173: 7162: 7149: 7141: 7130: 7117: 7109: 7100:Pacifichelys 7098: 7077: 7065: 7053: 7041: 7029: 7017: 6998:Lepidochelys 6996: 6984: 6973: 6960: 6949: 6936: 6927:Gigantatypus 6925: 6906:Eretmochelys 6904: 6892: 6884: 6873: 6852: 6840: 6829: 6818: 6809: 6808: 6796: 6785: 6772: 6761: 6736: 6586: 6582: 6568: 6556: 6546: 6534: 6505: 6486: 6478: 6474: 6456: 6449: 6437: 6423: 6419: 6416:Boulenger GA 6398: 6390: 6378: 6368: 6356: 6335:. 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Retrieved 5382:. 2011-09-22 5379: 5370: 5365:, p. 13 5358: 5350: 5344:. Retrieved 5340:the original 5335: 5325: 5316: 5310:. Retrieved 5306:the original 5301: 5291: 5283: 5277:. Retrieved 5273:the original 5268: 5258: 5250: 5244:. Retrieved 5240:the original 5235: 5225: 5217: 5211:. Retrieved 5207:the original 5202: 5192: 5184: 5178:. Retrieved 5174:the original 5169: 5159: 5151: 5145:. Retrieved 5141:the original 5136: 5126: 5083: 5079: 5069: 5036: 5032: 5019: 5010: 5001: 4989: 4972: 4966: 4960: 4955:, p. 23 4948: 4936: 4924: 4915: 4905: 4894:. Retrieved 4887:the original 4877: 4821: 4817: 4788:. Retrieved 4784:the original 4777: 4769: 4757:. Retrieved 4753:the original 4748: 4738: 4713: 4709: 4692:Spotila 2004 4687: 4675: 4663: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4517: 4513: 4471: 4467: 4461: 4443:Spotila 2004 4384:, p. 16 4382:Spotila 2004 4324: 4320: 4316: 4310: 4283: 4279: 4273: 4227: 4221: 4207: 4202:, p. 22 4200:Spotila 2004 4195: 4190:, p. 21 4188:Spotila 2004 4168:. 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Retrieved 2995:the original 2984: 2924: 2917: 2905: 2900:, p. 37 2881:Spotila 2004 2858:Spotila 2004 2843:, p. 12 2836: 2824: 2819:, p. 14 2817:Márquez 1990 2812: 2807:, p. 97 2800: 2788: 2776:. Retrieved 2772:the original 2767: 2761: 2704:. Retrieved 2695: 2683:. Retrieved 2678: 2672: 2665: 2624:. Retrieved 2620: 2611: 2599:. Retrieved 2585: 2579: 2573: 2565: 2560:, p. 59 2558:Spotila 2004 2526:İztuzu Beach 2497: 2488: 2480: 2477: 2450: 2439:(NOAA), the 2430: 2421: 2386: 2383: 2362:storm surges 2356: 2352: 2344: 2335: 2328: 2315: 2296: 2287: 2276: 2270: 2260: 2255:Ilha do Fogo 2230:activities. 2228: 2225:Conservation 2215: 2200: 2179: 2160:Reproduction 2154: 2143: 2119: 2105: 2101: 2093: 2061:Life history 2048: 2033: 2018: 2007:endocarditis 1999:inflammatory 1981: 1974: 1968: 1962: 1960: 1952: 1947: 1941: 1936: 1930: 1918:parrotfishes 1910:frigatebirds 1820:, flesh fly 1807: 1775: 1747: 1715:sand dollars 1675:sea anemones 1632: 1594: 1580:cold-stunned 1573: 1569: 1551: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1521: 1513: 1510: 1498: 1478:Adriatic Sea 1470: 1430: 1399: 1383: 1376: 1362:Distribution 1356: 1351: 1342: 1334:histological 1323: 1308: 1285: 1222: 1206:Indo-Pacific 1199: 1195:green turtle 1168: 1127: 1123: 1118: 1099:fishing gear 1076: 1065: 1034: 1000: 999: 995: 993: 984:Portis, 1890 979: 966: 953: 944: 934: 926: 914: 901: 897: 885: 866: 863:Tamayo, 1962 858: 849: 840: 831: 825:Deraniyagala 819: 802: 785: 772: 768:— Gray, 1873 763: 751: 742: 729: 717: 704: 695: 691:— Gray, 1844 686: 677: 667: 663: 654: 650: 646: 633: 624: 620: 616: 603: 599: 595: 578: 571: 562: 558: 554: 550:— Gray, 1829 545: 538: 536:Valenciennes 530: 518: 505: 496: 487: 476:Caretta atra 475: 463: 451: 439: 426: 417: 405: 393: 384: 340: 338: 322: 321: 302: 301: 272:Chelonioidea 43: 9974:Sea turtles 9804:SeaLifeBase 9677:NatureServe 9612:iNaturalist 9470:Wikispecies 9300:Stupendemys 9255:Cordichelys 9101:Mesoclemmys 9086:Hydromedusa 9008:Taphrosphys 9000:Sankuchemys 8992:Rhothonemys 8968:Polysternon 8848:Cearachelys 8832:Azabbaremys 8816:Araiochelys 8732:Ctenochelys 8724:Bashuchelys 8673:Rhinochelys 8649:Ocepechelon 8641:Notochelone 8633:Iserosaurus 8501:Macrochelys 8453:Chelydridae 8376:Palaeoamyda 8301:Cyclanorbis 8166:Psammobates 8159:Oligopherus 8122:Indotestudo 8070:Cymatholcus 8048:Chelonoidis 8034:Astrochelys 7843:Geoemydidae 7761:Deirochelys 7699:Staurotypus 7692:Kinosternon 7685:Hoplochelys 7600:Peritresius 7549:Dermochelys 7542:Cosmochelys 7534:Corsochelys 7451:Itilochelys 7443:Glarichelys 7390:Allopleuron 7380:Cheloniidae 7319:Superfamily 6975:Itilochelys 6951:Glarichelys 6763:Allopleuron 6738:Cheloniidae 6718:Cheloniidae 6712:Sea turtles 6663:Cheloniidae 6607:media from 6575:Stejneger L 6432:, Goin OB, 5332:"Job Board" 5318:activities. 5039:: 163–178. 4994:Janzen 1994 4468:Zoo Biology 4230:(1): 82–6. 4040:(1): 92–8. 3954:February 7, 3461:: 153–154. 3258:, p. 8 3128:(1): 1–11. 2795:, p. 4 2778:January 31, 2727:, p. 7 2660:, p. 2 2645:, p. 1 2601:19 November 2520:ocean basin 2267:aphrodisiac 1987:herpes-type 1976:Penicillium 1964:Pseudomonas 1830:flesh flies 1810:ghost crabs 1790:Ghost crabs 1743:flying fish 1711:sea urchins 1701:, insects, 1687:brachiopods 1679:cephalopods 1611:territorial 1597:vertebrates 1548:leafhoppers 1536:crab larvae 1474:Alboran Sea 1406:Arabian Sea 1330:laparoscopy 1232:Description 1175:Cheloniidae 1147:polymorphic 1139:Cheloniidae 1132:common name 1097:. Untended 1021:Cheloniidae 938:de la Sagra 671:de la Sagra 288:Subfamily: 282:Cheloniidae 9958:Categories 9875:Q107055805 9379:Caririemys 9292:Podocnemis 9278:Latentemys 9239:Carbonemys 9179:Pelomedusa 9016:Ummulisani 8936:Kurmademys 8904:Inaechelys 8888:Galianemys 8856:Chedighaii 8794:Araripemys 8767:Pleurodira 8748:Toxochelys 8665:Protostega 8470:Chelydrops 8390:Pelodiscus 8383:Pelochelys 8331:Gilmoremys 8308:Cycloderma 8218:Trionychia 8085:Geochelone 8078:Floridemys 7944:Notochelys 7832:Wilburemys 7803:Malaclemys 7657:Dermatemys 7624:Puppigerus 7557:Eosphargis 7474:Miocaretta 7466:Mexichelys 7360:Cryptodira 7300:Testudines 7261:Testudines 7056:Miocaretta 7032:Mexichelys 6706:Cryptodira 6704:Suborder: 6700:Testudines 6692:Subclass: 6618:Photos of 6531:Collins JT 6471:Linnaeus C 6268:2010-06-04 6095:1588341364 6069:2010-05-31 5914:2010-06-02 5652:2011-08-10 5627:2017-04-14 5602:2017-04-14 5577:2017-03-16 5549:2017-03-16 5521:2017-03-16 5496:2017-03-16 5468:2017-03-16 5443:2017-03-16 5418:2017-03-16 5386:2017-03-16 5346:2010-05-27 5312:2010-05-31 5279:2010-05-29 5246:2010-05-27 5213:2010-05-26 5180:2010-05-26 5147:2010-05-26 4896:2010-10-25 4214:Hays, G.C. 4106:2020-07-16 3757:2022-10-01 3402:2017-11-18 3326:2010-05-30 3001:2010-05-26 2706:2019-05-29 2626:2022-01-14 2538:References 2186:pheromones 2132:Maturation 2066:Early life 2044:camouflage 2025:histologic 2005:can cause 2001:trematode 1991:Trematodes 1970:Salmonella 1922:moray eels 1898:Feral pigs 1894:Feral cats 1890:procyonids 1886:feral dogs 1858:armadillos 1707:hydrozoans 1671:tube worms 1639:gastropods 1637:, such as 1490:Kyparissia 1410:Mozambique 1185:, and the 1068:omnivorous 967:Pliochelys 945:Halichelys 891:Rafinesque 700:Gray, 1844 457:Rafinesque 445:Schweigger 433:Brongniart 309:Rafinesque 292:Carettinae 262:Cryptodira 258:Suborder: 252:Testudines 181:Appendix I 163:Vulnerable 55:40–0 9419:See also 9371:Caribemys 9231:Caninemys 9215:Bauruemys 9144:Rheodytes 9108:Myuchelys 9051:Chelodina 8976:Puentemys 8952:Nigeremys 8896:Ilatardia 8840:Bothremys 8547:Basilemys 8361:Nilssonia 8339:Hutchemys 8287:Axestemys 8245:Anosteira 8100:Hadrianus 7958:Pangshura 7916:Malayemys 7881:Geoclemys 7824:Trachemys 7817:Terrapene 7810:Pseudemys 7796:Graptemys 7789:Glyptemys 7782:Emydoidea 7775:Actinemys 7747:Chrysemys 7592:Euclastes 7420:Eochelone 7271:Kingdom: 6875:Eochelone 6674:Kingdom: 6579:Barbour T 6375:Behler JL 6353:Arnold EN 6324:1480-3283 6152:ignored ( 6142:cite book 5987:: 23–30. 4790:March 16, 4759:March 16, 4710:EcoHealth 4170:April 12, 3736:1616-1599 3660:1051-1733 3561:Sargassum 3467:i24392898 3427:April 12, 3270:Coral Sea 3099:221104904 3073:2297-1769 2910:Dodd 1988 2793:Dodd 1988 2658:Dodd 1988 2643:Dodd 1988 2621:cites.org 2543:Footnotes 2482:Sargassum 2339:siltation 2299:longlines 2291:telemetry 2211:fecundity 2191:ovulation 2146:hibernate 2121:Sargassum 2112:magnetite 2055:meiofauna 2040:parasitic 1862:mustelids 1766:Predators 1759:esophagus 1753:-covered 1735:jellyfish 1727:tunicates 1703:bryozoans 1691:amphipods 1683:barnacles 1625:An adult 1585:migration 1552:Sargassum 1540:hydrozoan 1532:Sargassum 1528:Sargassum 1524:Sargassum 1515:Sargassum 1486:Zakynthos 1466:subadults 1433:temperate 1226:Tongaland 1214:Cape Horn 1165:Evolution 1061:quiescent 1053:estuarine 1030:plastrons 920:Bonaparte 908:Fitzinger 868:ex errore 813:L. Müller 779:Stejneger 640:Bonaparte 610:Fitzinger 399:Schneider 317:Species: 218:Kingdom: 212:Eukaryota 9902:10368167 9869:Wikidata 9817:Species+ 9682:2.105239 9630:10370507 9455:Wikidata 9186:Pelusios 9151:Rhinemys 9122:Platemys 9115:Phrynops 9035:Chelidae 9024:Zolhafah 8920:Jainemys 8585:Archelon 8462:Chelydra 8354:Lissemys 8196:Stylemys 8181:Solitudo 8143:Manouria 8092:Gopherus 8055:Chersina 7923:Mauremys 7902:Heosemys 7895:Hardella 7888:Geoemyda 7874:Cyclemys 7730:Emydidae 7677:Claudius 7526:Arabemys 7505:Tasbacka 7497:Syllomus 7412:Chelonia 7310:Suborder 7294:Diapsida 7285:Reptilia 7279:Chordata 7277:Phylum: 7273:Animalia 7164:Tasbacka 7132:Syllomus 6854:Chelonia 6716:Family: 6694:Anapsida 6688:Reptilia 6682:Chordata 6680:Phylum: 6676:Animalia 6581:(1917). 6553:Smith HM 6533:(2016). 6527:Conant R 6523:Powell R 6473:(1758). 6436:(1978). 6418:(1889). 6046:90100832 5236:Archelon 5110:17686427 5061:90100832 4858:17940605 4818:PLOS ONE 4730:26439580 4655:24363901 4591:11396580 4550:10168400 4542:17845442 4488:19360619 4349:85864707 4302:14581601 4254:17148134 4216:(2005). 4054:18432101 4008:17896270 4000:19901275 3690:(2007). 3688:Hays, GC 3668:90237643 3396:Archived 3204:23144831 3164:PLOS ONE 3091:32903625 2685:20 April 2510:See also 2435:(NMFS), 2413:ARCHELON 2319:balloons 2303:gillnets 2108:undertow 2015:nematode 1906:dipteran 1846:opossums 1782:Gnaraloo 1755:papillae 1723:starfish 1663:sea pens 1647:decapods 1643:bivalves 1601:sparring 1576:Lethargy 1558:Behavior 1482:Po Delta 1476:and the 1418:St Lucia 1391:Virginia 1304:plastron 1300:carapace 1290:and the 1202:Pliocene 1193:and the 1115:Taxonomy 1057:clutches 1037:Atlantic 1025:carapace 954:Eremonia 651:Caouanna 647:Chelonia 617:Chelonia 596:Chelonia 555:Chelonia 411:Lacépède 349:Linnaeus 278:Family: 242:Reptilia 232:Chordata 228:Phylum: 222:Animalia 208:Domain: 168:IUCN 3.1 9969:Caretta 9936:ZooBank 9928:1298345 9889:2442189 9796:caretta 9604:8894817 9461:Q192095 9330:Sokatra 9079:Emydura 8984:Rosasia 8880:Foxemys 8824:Arenila 8404:Trionyx 8397:Rafetus 8323:Dogania 8279:Apalone 8203:Testudo 8129:Kinixys 8115:Homopus 7972:Sacalia 7951:Orlitia 7937:Morenia 7852:Batagur 7754:Clemmys 7481:Natator 7397:Caretta 7298:Order: 7283:Class: 7079:Natator 6810:Caretta 6698:Order: 6686:Class: 6430:Goin CJ 6238:May 27, 6016:Bibcode 5968:8052608 5936:Bibcode 5875:May 27, 5847:May 27, 5804:May 27, 5770:May 28, 5731:7731974 5699:Bibcode 5118:2672476 5088:Bibcode 5041:Bibcode 4849:2002513 4826:Bibcode 4646:3867908 4625:Bibcode 4522:Bibcode 4329:Bibcode 4245:1629053 4062:2599545 3704:Bibcode 3573:May 27, 3195:3492385 3172:Bibcode 3142:1564414 3082:7438592 3057:: 574. 2516:Adelita 2494:Symbols 2465:bycatch 2461:El Niño 2457:gillnet 2337:to the 2311:dredges 2234:Threats 2183:cloacal 2003:lesions 1944:raccoon 1933:red fox 1882:Jackals 1870:coyotes 1842:corvids 1824:, some 1818:beetles 1816:, some 1802:red fox 1695:isopods 1655:sponges 1627:Aurelia 1617:Feeding 1606:hormone 1507:Habitat 1453:Tokelau 1449:Vanuatu 1387:Florida 1354:tears. 1218:ice age 1081:by the 1041:Pacific 1014:reptile 1006:species 1004:) is a 978: ? 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