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Drake set up his headquarters and sent emissaries to track down some of the inhabitants, as he planned to hold the town and burn it unless the island's governor paid him a ransom. After a number of days however there was no response, so Drake rounded up the prisoners he had captured and interrogated
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and he ordered the firing of ordnance in her honor and began bombarding the town's defenses. The
Spanish and Portuguese returned fire, but their firing was sporadic, and it soon petered out while Carleill's men stormed the batteries and took the guns. The inhabitants were fleeing out of the town and
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Carleill's arrival coincided with the appearance of Drake and the fleet off the town's beach at dawn the following morning. The 1,000 or so inhabitants fled to safety, leaving Drake in control of the town who ordered it to be razed to the ground, sparing only the town hospital, but the plunder was
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On the last day of
November, his ships then headed westward, out into the Atlantic Ocean heading towards the Caribbean and the Americas mainland to strike at Spain's New World empire. Although many in the fleet had succumbed to tropical illnesses, this was achieved spectacularly in three separate
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Drake and
Carleill led a force of 600 men in a trek into the dry and arid hills of Santiago island. The inhabitants of São Domingos fled when the English approached, so Drake and his men looted what little they could, then burned the village to the ground. Drake's force returned to the coast,
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The Cape Verde
Islands were a relatively poor archipelago that until 1580 had been Portuguese, but after was controlled by Spain. The town of Cidade Velha lay on the south-west side of the island of Santiago, the largest island in the Cape Verde archipelago and it served as a major base for
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in Spain and held the place for two weeks ransoming supplies. Drake however intended this to be a diversionary raid where it was hoped to trick the
Spanish to think they were not heading towards the Caribbean, by doing this he had already made sure his presence was felt at
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islands that had recently belonged to the Crown of
Portugal. He sacked it and then marched inland before doing the same at São Domingos and Praia. Afterwards Drake left and continued his expedition to successfully raid the Spanish possessions in the Americas.
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was flying over the town, Drake's men looted what they could and captured seven
Portuguese slave ships lying at anchor off the town, one of which was added to the fleet, while the rest were stripped of anything of value. Also captured was a
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On the evening of 11 November, under cover of darkness
Christopher Carleill's assault force consisting of nearly 1,000 men landed on a beach four miles to the east. There was no resistance and they set off on a night march towards the town.
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and cloth. The town was protected by two batteries that covered the anchorage and a third was sited on lower ground to the west, covering the landward approach, in all totaling nearly fifty guns but the defenses were in need of repair.
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being built in a shipyard but the
English upon their discovery of it disassembled the vessel. Old bronze Portuguese and Spanish guns and equipment were taken from the batteries, in addition
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then the
English stormed down the hill and into the empty town; the only inhabitants who remained were a few elderly residents, and twenty six patients with fever in the slave hospital.
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Drake arrived off the islands in early November and set about planning his assault, in effect this would be baptism by fire for his men and a good rehearsal for future attacks.
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Drake left within a day of the capture of Porto Praia, but before he did so he ordered Cidade Velha to be razed as a final message to governor and the Spanish.
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On 28 November, Drake made one last attempt to force the Spanish governor to pay a ransom; he was aware of a small settlement called
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After Drake and the English had left, the Spanish and Portuguese after the attack strengthened the defenses and soon by 1590
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was in abeyance, and the commencement of war with Spain, Portuguese colonies and ships were now a target for the English.
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which he replenished and took back with him a few colonists. He finally reached England on July 22, when he sailed into
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island, he continued his voyage, heading south towards the former Portuguese Cape Verde Islands. By virtue of the
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shadowed as they went by local militia; two English stragglers were intercepted, killed and mutilated.
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on 14 September 1585 with Sir Francis Drake in command of twenty one ships with 1,800 soldiers under
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was a military engagement that took place between 11 and 28 November 1585 during the newly declared
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Drake sent Carleill on another expedition nine miles along the coast to the east, until he reached
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stripped of their fruit before finally, the bronze bells from the town's cathedral were taken.
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Portuguese slaving operations on the West African coast, and was an exporter of both
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were seized from the town's warehouses. The houses were ransacked for food and the
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The Great Expedition: Sir Francis Drake on the Spanish Main - 1585-86 (Raid)
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1975:
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Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas
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Hakluyt's Promise: An Elizabethan's Obsession for an English America
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1965:
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Sir Francis Drake's West Indian Voyage, 1585-86 (Second Series)
1708:"Francis Drake's Attack of Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands"
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ordered Sir Francis Drake to lead an expedition to attack the
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Drakes voyage to the West Indies showing the raid at Santiago
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1540:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–81.
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them. The few that Drake held told him that the governor
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1192:Drake's ships moved into position on the Queen's
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16:Sacking of the Portuguese colony by Francis Drake
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1304:After the raids he then went on to find Sir
1138:. After taking on water from the undefended
2275:International Portuguese Language Institute
2070:
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1940:Jardim Botânico Nacional Grandvaux Barbosa
1771:
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1125:. Sailing from Plymouth he first attacked
1090:had offered her support to the rebellious
228:
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1620:The Life and Times of William Shakespeare
1712:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1271:
1178:
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1535:
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1269:scarce and then set back to Santiago.
2337:Cape Verdean National Archives (ANCV)
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1745:
1657:
209:
2603:Military campaigns involving England
2449:Nelson Mandela International Airport
1981:Nelson Mandela International Airport
1658:Nunes, António Lopes Pires. (2005).
1338:Battle of Cartagena de Indias (1586)
1323:was built which still stands today.
1308:'s settlement much further North at
1253:and so had plans to seize that too.
1454:. Doran & Company. p. 183.
44:Drake at Santiago, Cape Verde, 1589
13:
1705:
1662:. Casal de Cambra: Caleidoscópio.
1538:Elizabethan Privateering 1583-1603
1536:Andrews, Kenneth R. (3 Jan 1964).
14:
2644:
2077:
1660:Dicionário de Arquitetura Militar
1078:War had already been declared by
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2191:
2031:
2030:
1816:
141:
127:
115:
37:
2618:History of Santiago, Cape Verde
2285:École Internationale Les Alizés
1728:"The Caribbean Raid, 1585-1586"
1517:
1316:, England to a hero's welcome.
1240:
1187:
1148:Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of 1373
2403:Cabo Verde Music Awards (CVMA)
2352:National Library of Cape Verde
1508:
1458:
1333:Battle of Santo Domingo (1586)
134:Portugal under Philip of Spain
1:
2608:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1348:
1233:was in the nearby village of
1153:
1112:
1073:
239:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
2531:Battle of Porto Praya (1780)
1283:
292:Cavendish's circumnavigation
185:1,000 soldiers & sailors
7:
2428:Gimnodesportivo Vavá Duarte
1577:Keeler, Mary Frear (1999).
1326:
1117:The expedition gathered at
486:Spanish Armada (1st Calais
251:Caribbean and South America
46:hand-colored engraving, by
10:
2649:
2633:1585 in the Spanish Empire
2628:1585 in the British Empire
2613:16th century in Cape Verde
2526:Capture of Santiago (1585)
2342:Museu Etnográfico da Praia
1833:Ribeira Grande de Santiago
1637:Mancall, Peter C. (2010).
1622:. Britannica Educational.
1466:"The Spanish War, vol. XI"
1170:
1061:captured the port town of
262:Drake's 1572-73 expedition
178:500 soldiers & militia
2593:History of the Royal Navy
2539:
2518:
2462:
2441:
2423:Complexo Desportivo Adega
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1989:
1958:
1898:Other geographic features
1897:
1856:
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1814:
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1643:. Yale University Press.
1618:Kuiper, Kathleen (2012).
584:Low Countries and Germany
247:
189:
172:
151:
107:
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36:
28:
23:
2301:Monumento de Diogo Gomes
2270:Universidade de Santiago
2260:University of Cape Verde
2017:Universidade de Santiago
2007:Buildings and structures
1930:Ponta do Lobo Lighthouse
1448:Rogers, Cameron (1928).
1256:
495:English Armada (Corunna
267:Drake's circumnavigation
2413:Sporting Clube da Praia
2321:Farol de Ponta Temerosa
1857:Points and promontories
1321:Fort Real de São Filipe
2265:Jean Piaget University
1945:Lagoas de Pedra Badejo
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1184:
152:Commanders and leaders
2207:Geographical features
2113:Bairro Craveiro Lopes
1920:Farol de D. Maria Pia
1343:Raid on St. Augustine
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190:Casualties and losses
2316:Palácio Presidencial
2280:Liceu Domingos Ramos
2214:Ilhéu de Santa Maria
2103:Achada Santo António
2093:Achada Grande Frente
1935:Ilhéu de Santa Maria
1925:Farol da Ponta Preta
1123:Christopher Carleill
1097:. The Queen through
514:2nd Gibraltar Strait
509:1st Gibraltar Strait
405:Vila Franca do Campo
167:Christopher Carleill
2505:RecordTV Cabo Verde
2408:Desportivo da Praia
2347:National Auditorium
2239:Ribeira da Trindade
1848:Ribeira da Trindade
1581:. Hakluyt Society.
1295:Cartagena de Indias
1051:Capture of Santiago
795:3rd Geertruidenberg
745:2nd Geertruidenberg
610:1st Geertruidenberg
388:2nd Puerto Caballos
316:1st Puerto Caballos
297:Spanish West Indies
62:11–28 November 1585
24:Capture of Santiago
2485:Expresso das Ilhas
2378:Académica da Praia
2306:Quartel Jaime Mota
2098:Achada Grande Tras
1915:Barragem de Poilão
1706:De Bry, Theodore.
1289:blows, firstly at
1278:
1202:Cross of St George
1185:
1099:Francis Walsingham
1080:Philip II of Spain
2598:Conflicts in 1585
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2357:Quintal da Música
2244:São Francisco Bay
2224:Ponta das Bicudas
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1950:São Francisco Bay
1869:Ponta das Bicudas
1838:Ribeira Principal
1684:. Penguin Books.
1682:Sir Francis Drake
1505:Mancall p. 166-67
1297:, and finally at
1231:Gaspar de Andrade
1183:Sir Francis Drake
1107:preemptive strike
1103:Spanish New World
1084:Treaty of Nonsuch
1055:Anglo-Spanish War
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158:Gaspar de Andrade
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914:'s-Hertogenbosch
393:Santiago de Cuba
257:San Juan de Ulúa
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1788:Pico de Antónia
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875:Schenckenschans
554:Cape Finisterre
524:Gulf of Almería
461:European waters
311:Bay of Honduras
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2012:List of people
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1700:External links
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1691:978-1844137626
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1615:
1610:978-1849082457
1609:
1603:. Osprey Pub.
1597:Konstam, Angus
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1588:978-0904180015
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1569:978-1844861743
1568:
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1489:Bicheno 186-88
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1306:Walter Raleigh
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1136:Canary islands
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1111:
1075:
1072:
1042:
1041:
1039:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
944:
940:
939:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
900:3rd Rheinberg
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
740:Bergen op Zoom
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
652:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
586:
585:
581:
580:
575:
570:
565:
556:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
492:
483:
474:
469:
463:
462:
458:
457:
452:
447:
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
401:
400:
396:
395:
390:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
337:
328:
323:
318:
313:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
253:
252:
248:
245:
244:
233:
232:
225:
218:
210:
202:
201:
198:
192:
191:
187:
186:
181:
175:
174:
170:
169:
160:
154:
153:
149:
148:
138:
137:
136:
110:
109:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
70:
68:
64:
63:
60:
52:
51:
34:
33:
26:
25:
19:
18:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2645:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2599:
2596:
2594:
2591:
2589:
2588:Francis Drake
2586:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2455:
2454:Port of Praia
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2418:CD Travadores
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2363:
2360:
2358:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2163:São Francisco
2161:
2159:
2158:Quebra Canela
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Ponta de Água
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2079:City of Praia
2073:
2068:
2066:
2061:
2059:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2024:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1896:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:Ponta do Lobo
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1861:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1753:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1729:
1725:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1669:972-8801-94-7
1665:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1650:9780300164220
1646:
1642:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1629:9781615309313
1625:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1584:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1556:Bicheno, Hugh
1553:
1549:
1547:9780521040327
1543:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1467:
1461:
1453:
1452:
1451:Drake's Quest
1444:
1442:
1440:
1430:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1360:
1358:
1353:
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1302:
1300:
1299:St. Augustine
1296:
1292:
1291:Santo Domingo
1281:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1247:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1194:Accession Day
1181:
1177:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1144:Iberian Union
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1105:in a kind of
1104:
1100:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:Francis Drake
1056:
1052:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
942:
941:
938:
936:
932:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
903:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
835:2nd Rheinberg
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
800:2nd Coevorden
798:
796:
793:
791:
790:1st Coevorden
788:
786:
785:2nd Steenwijk
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
725:1st Rheinberg
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
655:1st Steenwijk
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
613:
611:
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
587:
583:
582:
579:
578:Gulf of Cádiz
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
562:
557:
555:
552:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
534:Bay of Biscay
532:
530:
529:Barbary Coast
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
498:
493:
491:
489:
484:
482:
480:
475:
473:
470:
468:
465:
464:
460:
459:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
398:
397:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
347:
343:
338:
336:
334:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
312:
310:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
287:St. Augustine
285:
283:
280:
278:
277:Santo Domingo
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
255:
254:
250:
249:
246:
241:
231:
226:
224:
219:
217:
212:
211:
208:
199:
194:
193:
188:
182:
177:
176:
171:
168:
164:
163:Francis Drake
161:
159:
156:
155:
150:
144:
139:
135:
130:
125:
124:
123:
112:
111:
106:
98:
95:
94:
89:
86:
83:(Present day
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
65:
61:
58:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
35:
32:
27:
22:
2564:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2525:
2497:
2490:
2483:
2476:
2469:
2234:Praia Harbor
2168:Terra Branca
2133:Lem Ferreira
2123:Chã de Areia
2029:
1990:Other topics
1976:Praia Harbor
1879:Ponta Moreia
1864:Ponta Bicuda
1843:Ribeira Seca
1803:Monte Tchota
1731:. Retrieved
1716:. Retrieved
1711:
1681:
1678:Sugden, John
1659:
1639:
1619:
1600:
1578:
1559:
1537:
1530:Bibliography
1519:
1514:Kuiper p. 38
1510:
1469:. Retrieved
1460:
1450:
1433:Sugden185-86
1318:
1303:
1287:
1279:
1267:
1260:
1248:
1244:
1241:São Domingos
1235:São Domingos
1227:
1200:By dawn the
1199:
1191:
1188:Cidade Velha
1174:
1166:
1157:
1116:
1095:Dutch rebels
1077:
1063:Cidade Velha
1050:
1048:
1016:Carrigafoyle
934:
930:
901:
573:Dover Strait
560:
496:
487:
478:
424:
415:Newfoundland
373:2nd San Juan
358:1st San Juan
345:
341:
332:
308:
113:
108:Belligerents
76:São Domingos
72:Cidade Velha
43:
29:Part of the
2398:Boavista FC
2173:Tira Chapéu
2118:Calabaceira
1884:Ponta Preta
1383:Keeler 27-8
1088:Elizabeth I
1036:Castlehaven
924:Hoogstraten
890:San Andreas
845:2nd Groenlo
815:1st Groenlo
770:Knodsenburg
755:2nd Zutphen
730:1st Zutphen
690:Steenbergen
630:Schoonhoven
539:Mount's Bay
490:Gravelines)
472:Pantelleria
307:Hispaniola
272:São Vicente
180:3 batteries
2582:Categories
2552:Barlavento
2545:Cape Verde
2386:Basketball
2382:AD Bairro
1562:. Conway.
1523:Nunes p264
1471:2014-03-06
1349:References
1314:Portsmouth
1211:gun powder
1154:Cape Verde
1132:Las Palmas
1113:Expedition
1092:Protestant
1082:after the
1074:Background
1067:Cape Verde
999:2nd Calais
929:Ardenburg
895:Nieuwpoort
880:Zaltbommel
850:Bredevoort
645:Borgerhout
625:Valkenburg
600:Middelburg
563:West Wales
477:1st Cádiz
455:2nd Azores
450:Las Palmas
440:2nd Flores
435:1st Flores
430:1st Azores
383:Portobello
340:La Guaira
88:Cape Verde
2294:Landmarks
2253:Education
2183:Vila Nova
2138:Palmarejo
2108:Achadinha
1781:Mountains
1284:Aftermath
1140:La Gomera
1086:in which
937:2nd Sluis
933:Oostberg
919:2nd Grave
904:2nd Meurs
865:Oldenzaal
860:Ootmarsum
825:2nd Hulst
805:Groningen
775:1st Hulst
735:1st Sluis
710:1st Grave
685:Eindhoven
665:Noordhorn
559:Cornwall
549:2nd Cádiz
519:Berlengas
353:Guadalupe
331:Trinidad
321:San Mateo
282:Cartagena
2559:Santiago
2471:A Semana
2391:Football
2036:Category
1971:EN1-ST05
1966:EN1-ST01
1774:Santiago
1680:(2004).
1599:(2011).
1558:(2012).
1327:See also
1119:Plymouth
1021:Smerwick
974:Caudebec
855:Enschede
830:Turnhout
780:Nijmegen
765:Delfzijl
760:Deventer
650:Mechelen
640:Rijmenam
635:Gembloux
568:Sesimbra
425:Santiago
410:Terceira
399:Atlantic
344:Caracas
200:2 killed
183:23 ships
173:Strength
85:Santiago
67:Location
2519:History
2499:A Nação
2478:Certeza
2362:Tabanka
2330:Culture
2153:Prainha
2143:Plateau
2128:Fazenda
2002:Culture
1826:Streams
1733:10 July
1718:10 July
1310:Roanoke
1207:caravel
1171:Capture
1134:in the
1065:in the
1031:Kinsale
1010:Ireland
989:Morlaix
700:Antwerp
670:Niezijl
605:Haarlem
544:Cawsand
499:Lisbon)
481:Algarve
467:Scheldt
420:Bermuda
378:Tabasco
335:Orinoco
147:England
2371:Sports
2178:Várzea
1997:Sports
1688:
1666:
1647:
1626:
1607:
1585:
1566:
1544:
1217:, and
1146:, the
1004:Amiens
994:Crozon
949:Arques
943:France
909:Ostend
870:Lingen
705:Arnhem
675:Lochem
660:Kollum
615:Leiden
504:Bayona
363:Panama
326:Recife
302:Havana
122:Spain
120:
96:Result
78:&
50:, 1589
2566:Praia
2463:Media
1263:Praia
1257:Praia
1251:Praia
1223:grove
1219:cloth
1161:sugar
984:Blaye
979:Craon
969:Rouen
959:Paris
840:Meurs
820:Lippe
750:Breda
715:Venlo
695:Aalst
620:Delft
445:Faial
368:Pinos
195:Light
80:Praia
1735:2013
1720:2013
1686:ISBN
1664:ISBN
1645:ISBN
1624:ISBN
1605:ISBN
1583:ISBN
1564:ISBN
1542:ISBN
1215:silk
1127:Vigo
1049:The
954:Ivry
885:Rees
720:Axel
680:Lier
595:Goes
590:Mons
348:Coro
59:Date
2510:RTC
810:Huy
2584::
1710:.
1494:^
1480:^
1438:^
1410:^
1388:^
1368:^
1356:^
1301:.
1293:,
1265:.
1213:,
1109:.
74:,
2071:e
2064:t
2057:v
1765:e
1758:t
1751:v
1737:.
1722:.
1694:.
1672:.
1653:.
1632:.
1613:.
1591:.
1572:.
1550:.
1474:.
935:·
931:·
902:·
561:·
497:·
488:·
479:·
346:·
342:·
333:·
309:·
229:e
222:t
215:v
90:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
