41:
102:
1890:
115:
1047:, then attempted to trade off Portuguese Brazil but were intercepted by a detached Spanish squadron under Commodore Andrés de Equino (a.k.a. Andres de Eguino or Andrés Higino). After a moonlit battle briefly interrupted by a rainstorm the Spanish were defeated with one galleon sunk and another heavily damaged along with heavy losses. Fenton then attempted to resume trading but without success and thus returned to England.
1184:
1239:. They were again repelled with heavy fire from the English cannons. The moonlit exchange continued with the English ships standing their ground and repelling the Spanish until about 4 am, when a rainstorm interrupted the battle. The Spanish ceased fire and moved off to effect repairs, with the English doing the same and collecting the rest of the men onshore.
1279:
where news of the battle had been received but with mixed feelings with the populace and trade was again refused. Disappointed, Fenton realized that trade with the
Portuguese here was at an end. With supplies running low and quarrels with Hawkins decided to sail for England. Spanish sources argue
1147:
to fortify the Strait of
Magellan. Three days later the English released their prize and by the 31st were unsure of being able to win past Sarmiento's new settlement in the Strait. Fenton after heated discussion with Hawkins reversed course the same evening, and headed north towards São Vicente
1249:
Finally the
Spaniards with rising casualties and a lack of ammunition then broke off the fight, then stood out to sea before retreating towards Santos. Fenton's ships also running low on ammunition had been victorious and stayed put on the bar for the time being.
1215:
At 11 pm in the moonlight, Equino had cleared for battle, stood in and bore down upon the three
English ships. The English were surprised with many still on shore in the dark but as the Spanish approached, they placed and anchored themselves in seven
1207:
to return to Rio de
Janeiro. Led by Commodore Andrés de Equino, they had some of the sick and injured from the Spanish expedition. They knew of the presence of the English ships by way having caught up with the
1270:
was heavily damaged bringing the total to nearly a hundred dead and many more wounded. The indigenous also said that the
Spanish had carried the casualties to the shore in three small boats a number of times.
1274:
Fenton's ships stayed at São
Vicente for only the rest of the day trying to at least do some trade but the Portuguese answer was the same as before. Fenton fearing more Spanish ships then moved off to
1224:. Spanish combat tactics during this time was an attempt to grapple and then board. English tactics on the other hand was the heavy use of firepower to batter opponents into submission.
1949:
1242:
Both sides had no idea what damage they had done to each other until dawn broke the next day. The
English as a result of their firepower could then see that the Spanish ship
1246:
had sunk revealing only her masts in the shallow water. This time in daylight at 10 am Equino's two galleons attacked but were repelled again by the anchored
English ships.
1603:
201:
1905:
1258:
The battle had only cost eight
Englishmen killed and twenty injured and only moderate damage to their ships. An indigenous who went aboard the
235:
270:
1509:
1231:
being the main ship that stood the nearest as they approached opened a heavy fire. The Spanish ships were repelled and then tried to pass
1148:
hoping to do trade with the settlers there. The same night a storm dispersed the ships resulting in the loss of John Drake's eighteen-man
194:
1910:
1397:
The Troublesome Voyage of Captain Edward Fenton, 1582–1583: Narratives & Documents Volume 113 of Works issued by the Hakluyt Society
1295:
to refresh before returning to England. Richard Maddox died on the 27th but his diary proved invaluable and is now preserved at the
1964:
1123:
On 11 December 1582 Fenton arrived off Portuguese Brazil, the original plan having been changed with the hope of going through the
487:
482:
1203:, entered the bay of São Vicente. They had been detached from the fleet of Diego Flores Valdez (Sarmiento's second-in-command) at
497:
1959:
265:
187:
450:
1683:
Calendar of State Papers: Preserved in the State Paper Department of Her Majesty's Record Office. Colonial series, Volume 2
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230:
1979:
1974:
887:
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240:
1928:
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1852:
Between Empires: Brazilian Sugar in the Early Atlantic Economy, 1550–1630 Volume 16 of The Atlantic world
1463:
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on a voyage of exploration. Their commander was Captain Edward Fenton with his 400-ton flagship galleon
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told Fenton that the Spanish who had landed at Santos further down had suffered heavily. As well as
1969:
1791:
British Maritime Enterprise in the New World: From the Late Fifteenth to the Mid-eighteenth Century
1729:
Trade, Plunder and Settlement: Maritime Enterprise and the Genesis of the British Empire, 1480–1630
753:
733:
623:
299:
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40:
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got separated from its consorts on 8 February and sailed alone towards England. After touching at
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1171:. Trade was refused on the account that Spain would react to this as hostile as they were now
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that even if defeated, de Equino's action was pivotal in Fenton's decision to withdraw.
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with twenty one settlers under Francisco de Vera. From the Spaniard they had learned of
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1727:
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In June 1582 after a troublesome delay, an English expedition had set off to reach the
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An Elizabethan in 1582: The Diary of Richard Madox, Fellow of All Souls Volume 147
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1871:
Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere
1943:
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1554:
1172:
1117:
1110:
1040:
134:
1609:
História geral do Brasil: antes da sua separação e independência de Portugal
1753:
Elizabeth's Sea Dogs: How England's Mariners Became the Scourge of the Seas
1748:
1505:
1099:
1175:. Fenton then went on to São Vicente itself hoping for better fortune.
1084:
1831:
A guide to the history of Brazil, 1500–1822: the literature in English
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1131:
ashore the English sighted and then captured the 46-ton Spanish bark
1468:
Armada española desde la unión de los reinos de Castilla y de Aragón
1191:
On 3 February three Spanish galleons, the largest being the 500-ton
1114:
1895:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1404:
1183:
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instead of the Cape. On 17 December, after having refreshed with
1044:
1036:
147:
119:
114:
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1602:
1155:
On 30 January 1583 Fenton reached the bay of São Vicente with
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was a minor naval engagement that took place off São Vicente,
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1810:
Tropics Bound: Elizabeth's Seadogs on the Spanish Main
1563:. University of Texas: Hakluyt Society. p. xiii.
1354:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1918:
1690:
1659:
1514:
São Paulo: Melhoramentos, 1956, p. 137 (Portuguese).
1419:
1702:
1347:. Farrar & Rinehart, Incorporated. p. 181.
1950:Naval battles of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1828:
1726:
1470:. Vol. II. Instituto de Historia y Cultura Naval,
1314:
1079:). Following Fenton was the 300-ton vice-flagship
1919:Martin & Wignall, Colin & Sydney (1975).
1390:
1266:sunk with the loss of 32 men killed, the galleon
1039:), and three Spanish galleons. The English under
209:
1941:
1921:Full Fathom Five: Wrecks of the Spanish Armada
1553:
1120:recorded the events of the voyage in a diary.
1135:. The ship was bound from Brazil towards the
195:
1914:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1043:on an expedition having failed to enter the
1686:. H.M. Stationery Office. 1862. p. 91.
1035:between three English ships (including two
1582:
1580:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1350:defeated a Spanish squadron at Sao Vicente
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1942:
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1152:, never to be seen or heard of again.
45:Painting of the Bay of São Vicente by
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1826:
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1375:
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183:
1807:
1769:
1708:
1448:
1400:. Hakluyt Society. pp. 129–130.
1325:
16:Part of the Anglo–Spanish War (1583)
1344:The Development of Hispanic America
13:
14:
1996:
1772:University Drama in the Tudor Age
1888:
1612:. Editora Itatiaia. p. 378.
1212:that had been released by them.
113:
100:
39:
1965:Naval battles involving England
1718:
1674:
1596:
1733:. Cambridge University Press.
1604:Varnhagen, Francisco Adolfo de
1506:Pombo, José Francisco da Rocha
1499:
1031:on 3 February 1583 during the
1:
1960:Naval battles involving Spain
1302:
1050:
213:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1341:Wilgus, Alva Curtis (1941).
1307:
1291:Island, Fenton then reached
1253:
1235:and move onto the next ship
266:Cavendish's circumnavigation
7:
1850:Ebert, Christopher (2008).
460:Spanish Armada (1st Calais
225:Caribbean and South America
10:
2001:
1980:1583 in the Spanish Empire
1975:1583 in the British Empire
1793:. Edwin Mellen Press Ltd.
1770:Boas, Frederick S (2013).
1071:) under second-in-command
236:Drake's 1572-73 expedition
1827:Dutra, Francis A (1980).
1808:Dean, James Seay (2013).
1789:Bradley, Peter T (2010).
1725:Andrews, Kenneth (1984).
1420:Martin & Wignall 1975
1187:A typical Spanish galleon
1178:
1141:Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa
558:Low Countries and Germany
221:
171:36 killed and 100 wounded
169:1 galleon heavily damaged
161:
140:
125:
93:
52:
38:
30:
25:
1133:Nuestra Señora de Piedad
1113:’s nephew). The fleet's
469:English Armada (Corunna
241:Drake's circumnavigation
1923:. Chatto & Windus.
1911:Encyclopædia Britannica
1464:Fernández Duro, Cesáreo
174:8 killed and 20 wounded
1869:Marley, David (2008).
1188:
1075:Jr (the nephew of Sir
126:Commanders and leaders
1985:1583 in South America
1591:Principal Navigations
1508:; Vianna, Hélio, ed.
1205:Santa Catarina Island
1197:Santa María de Begona
1186:
1025:Battle of São Vicente
162:Casualties and losses
26:Battle of São Vicente
1220:of water just off a
488:2nd Gibraltar Strait
483:1st Gibraltar Strait
379:Vila Franca do Campo
1656:, pp. 374–376.
1641:, pp. 113–114.
1533:, pp. 163–164.
1511:História do Brasil.
1445:, pp. 377–379.
1289:Fernando de Noronha
1125:Straits of Magellan
1073:Sir William Hawkins
769:3rd Geertruidenberg
719:2nd Geertruidenberg
584:1st Geertruidenberg
362:2nd Puerto Caballos
290:1st Puerto Caballos
271:Spanish West Indies
1285:Edward Bonaventure
1237:Edward Bonaventure
1189:
1161:Edward Bonaventure
1143:'s departure from
1081:Edward Bonaventure
1955:Conflicts in 1583
1812:. History Press.
1491:Taylor, Eva G. R.
1392:Taylor, Eva G. R.
1193:San Juan Bautista
1111:Sir Francis Drake
1096:Thomas Skevington
1061:Cape of Good Hope
1033:Anglo–Spanish War
1029:Portuguese Brazil
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75:Portuguese Brazil
33:Anglo–Spanish War
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1199:and the 300-ton
1000:Irish West Coast
888:'s-Hertogenbosch
367:Santiago de Cuba
231:San Juan de Ulúa
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131:Andrés de Equino
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1904:, ed. (1911). "
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1098:and the 40-ton
1057:South China Sea
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1021:
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1019:
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938:Château-Laudran
849:Schenckenschans
528:Cape Finisterre
498:Gulf of Almería
435:European waters
285:Bay of Honduras
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85:English victory
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60:3 February 1583
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1930:978-0701120719
1929:
1916:
1906:Fenton, Edward
1902:Chisholm, Hugh
1885:
1880:978-1598841008
1879:
1866:
1861:978-9004167681
1860:
1847:
1842:978-0874362633
1841:
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1819:978-0752496689
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1800:978-0773478664
1799:
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1762:978-1844861743
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1297:British Museum
1277:Espírito Santo
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1126:
1121:
1119:
1118:Richard Madox
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1090:
1087:; the 50-ton
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:Edward Fenton
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
982:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
915:
912:
910:
906:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
877:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
809:2nd Rheinberg
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:2nd Coevorden
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:1st Coevorden
762:
760:
759:2nd Steenwijk
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
699:1st Rheinberg
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:1st Steenwijk
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
567:
565:
562:
561:
557:
556:
553:
552:Gulf of Cádiz
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
536:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
508:Bay of Biscay
506:
504:
503:Barbary Coast
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
472:
467:
465:
463:
458:
456:
454:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
438:
434:
433:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
371:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
343:
340:
338:
335:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
321:
317:
312:
310:
308:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
284:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
261:St. Augustine
259:
257:
254:
252:
251:Santo Domingo
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
237:
234:
232:
229:
228:
224:
223:
220:
215:
205:
200:
198:
193:
191:
186:
185:
182:
173:
166:
165:
160:
157:
151:
149:
145:
144:
139:
136:
135:Edward Fenton
133:
130:
129:
124:
121:
116:
111:
109:
98:
97:
92:
84:
81:
80:
76:
72:
67:
64:
63:
59:
56:
55:
51:
48:
42:
37:
34:
29:
24:
19:
1937:
1920:
1909:
1873:. ABC CLIO.
1870:
1851:
1835:. ABC-Clio.
1830:
1809:
1790:
1771:
1752:
1728:
1719:Bibliography
1704:
1692:
1682:
1676:
1654:Bradley 2010
1614:(Portuguese)
1608:
1598:
1590:
1559:
1531:Andrews 1984
1510:
1501:
1467:
1443:Bradley 2010
1396:
1370:Bicheno 2012
1349:
1343:
1284:
1282:
1273:
1267:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1248:
1243:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1214:
1209:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1190:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1149:
1132:
1122:
1102:
1091:
1080:
1077:John Hawkins
1068:
1067:(ex-galleon
1064:
1054:
1024:
1022:
990:Carrigafoyle
908:
904:
875:
547:Dover Strait
534:
470:
461:
452:
389:Newfoundland
347:2nd San Juan
332:1st San Juan
319:
315:
306:
282:
245:
94:Belligerents
31:Part of the
18:
1639:Marley 2008
1593:, iii. 757.
1472:pp. 364–365
1137:River Plate
1010:Castlehaven
898:Hoogstraten
864:San Andreas
819:2nd Groenlo
789:1st Groenlo
744:Knodsenburg
729:2nd Zutphen
704:1st Zutphen
664:Steenbergen
604:Schoonhoven
513:Mount's Bay
464:Gravelines)
446:Pantelleria
281:Hispaniola
246:São Vicente
71:São Vicente
1944:Categories
1755:. Conway.
1697:Ebert 2008
1669:Dutra 1980
1303:References
1268:Concepción
1201:Concepción
1107:John Drake
1085:Luke Warde
1051:Background
973:2nd Calais
903:Ardenburg
869:Nieuwpoort
854:Zaltbommel
824:Bredevoort
619:Borgerhout
599:Valkenburg
574:Middelburg
537:West Wales
451:1st Cádiz
429:2nd Azores
424:Las Palmas
414:2nd Flores
409:1st Flores
404:1st Azores
357:Portobello
314:La Guaira
152:2 galleons
1854:. Brill.
1709:Boas 2013
1474:(Spanish)
1326:Dean 2013
1308:Citations
1260:Leicester
1254:Aftermath
1233:Leicester
1229:Leicester
1165:Elizabeth
1157:Leicester
1092:Elizabeth
1065:Leicester
911:2nd Sluis
907:Oostberg
893:2nd Grave
878:2nd Meurs
839:Oldenzaal
834:Ootmarsum
799:2nd Hulst
779:Groningen
749:1st Hulst
709:1st Sluis
684:1st Grave
659:Eindhoven
639:Noordhorn
533:Cornwall
523:2nd Cádiz
493:Berlengas
327:Guadalupe
305:Trinidad
295:San Mateo
256:Cartagena
1751:(2012).
1606:(1981).
1557:(1976).
1495:pp 50–59
1394:(1959).
1293:Salvador
1283:Warde's
1173:in Union
1129:victuals
1115:chaplain
1059:via the
1037:galleons
995:Smerwick
948:Caudebec
829:Enschede
804:Turnhout
754:Nijmegen
739:Delfzijl
734:Deventer
624:Mechelen
614:Rijmenam
609:Gembloux
542:Sesimbra
399:Santiago
384:Terceira
373:Atlantic
318:Caracas
148:galleons
141:Strength
65:Location
1899::
1493:(1959)
1264:Begonia
1244:Begonia
1222:sandbar
1218:fathoms
1150:Francis
1103:Francis
1089:pinnace
1045:Pacific
1005:Kinsale
984:Ireland
963:Morlaix
674:Antwerp
644:Niezijl
579:Haarlem
518:Cawsand
473:Lisbon)
455:Algarve
441:Scheldt
394:Bermuda
352:Tabasco
309:Orinoco
156:pinnace
120:England
1927:
1893:
1877:
1858:
1839:
1816:
1797:
1778:
1759:
1737:
1567:
1210:Piedad
1179:Battle
1169:Santos
1163:, and
1105:under
1094:under
1083:under
978:Amiens
968:Crozon
923:Arques
917:France
883:Ostend
844:Lingen
679:Arnhem
649:Lochem
634:Kollum
589:Leiden
478:Bayona
337:Panama
300:Recife
276:Havana
105:
82:Result
958:Blaye
953:Craon
943:Rouen
933:Paris
814:Meurs
794:Lippe
724:Breda
689:Venlo
669:Aalst
594:Delft
419:Faial
342:Pinos
108:Spain
1925:ISBN
1875:ISBN
1856:ISBN
1837:ISBN
1814:ISBN
1795:ISBN
1776:ISBN
1757:ISBN
1735:ISBN
1565:ISBN
1227:The
1100:bark
1069:Bear
1023:The
928:Ivry
859:Rees
694:Axel
654:Lier
569:Goes
564:Mons
322:Coro
69:Off
57:Date
1908:".
784:Huy
1946::
1661:^
1646:^
1619:^
1589:,
1579:^
1538:^
1519:^
1479:^
1466::
1450:^
1427:^
1406:^
1377:^
1356:^
1333:^
1316:^
1299:.
1159:,
154:1
146:3
1933:.
1883:.
1864:.
1845:.
1822:.
1803:.
1784:.
1765:.
1743:.
1573:.
1109:(
909:·
905:·
876:·
535:·
471:·
462:·
453:·
320:·
316:·
307:·
283:·
203:e
196:t
189:v
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