154:
112:
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305:
200:
31:
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further qualification is still understood to refer to this type. The formative decades for this class of machine were the 1840s through 1860s, when the basic idea of mounting an indexable turret on a bench lathe or engine lathe was born, developed, and disseminated from the originating shops to many other factories. Some important tool-builders in this development were
Stephen Fitch; Gay, Silver & Co.;
341:
208:
1860s, when semi-automatic turret lathes were developed, they were sometimes called "automatic". What we today would call "automatics", that is, fully automatic machines, had not been developed yet. During that era both manual and semi-automatic turret lathes were sometimes called "screw machines", although we today reserve that term for fully automatic machines.
317:
222:
During the 1870s through 1890s, the mechanically automated "automatic" turret lathe was developed and disseminated. These machines can execute many part-cutting cycles without human intervention. Thus the duties of the operator, which were already greatly reduced by the manual turret lathe, were even
166:
In the late 1830s a "capstan lathe" with a turret was patented in
Britain. The first American turret lathe was invented by Stephen Fitch in 1845. The archetypical turret lathe, and the first in order of historical appearance, is the horizontal-bed, manual turret lathe. The term "turret lathe" without
439:
Turrets can be added to non-turret lathes (bench lathes, engine lathes, toolroom lathes, etc.) by mounting them on the toolpost, tailstock, or both. Often these turrets are not as large as a turret lathe's, and they usually do not offer the sliding and stopping that a turret lathe's turret does; but
373:
with "turret lathe". In other times and places it has been held in technical contradistinction to "turret lathe", with the difference being in whether the turret's slide is fixed to the bed (ram-type turret) or slides on the bed's ways (saddle-type turret). The difference in terminology is mostly a
207:
Sometimes machines similar to those above, but with power feeds and automatic turret-indexing at the end of the return stroke, are called "semi-automatic turret lathes". This nomenclature distinction is blurry and not consistently observed. The term "turret lathe" encompasses them all. During the
414:
turret and making it hollow, allowing the part to pass into it during the cut, analogously to how the part would pass over the flat turret. In both cases, the main idea is to increase rigidity by allowing a relatively long part to be turned without the tool overhang that would be needed with a
149:
There are many variants of the turret lathe. They can be most generally classified by size (small, medium, or large); method of control (manual, automated mechanically, or automated via computer (numerical control (NC) or computer numerical control (CNC)); and bed orientation (horizontal or
88:
The name derives from the way early turrets took the general form of a flattened cylindrical block mounted to the lathe's cross-slide, capable of rotating about the vertical axis and with toolholders projecting out to all sides, and thus vaguely resembled a swiveling
125:
The first turret lathe was built by
Stephen Fitch in 1845 to manufacture screws for pistol percussion parts. In the mid-nineteenth century, the need for interchangeable parts for Colt revolvers enhanced the role of turret lathes in achieving this goal as part of the
298:. This is useful for the handling of very large, heavy, short workpieces. Vertical lathes in general are also called "vertical boring mills" or often simply "boring mills"; therefore a vertical turret lathe is a vertical boring mill equipped with a turret.
153:
69:, in easy, rapid succession, with no need for the operator to perform set-up tasks in between (such as installing or uninstalling tools) or to control the toolpath. The latter is due to the toolpath's being controlled by the machine, either in
130:" of manufacturing arms. Clock-making and bicycle manufacturing had similar requirements. Christopher Spencer invented the first fully automated turret lathe in 1873, which led to designs using cam action or hydraulic mechanisms.
281:
may be horizontal or vertical in orientation and mount six separate tools on one or more turrets. Such machine tools can work in two axes per turret, with up to six axes being feasible for complex work.
402:
of Jones & Lamson, and first disseminated in the 1890s, it was developed to provide more rigidity via requiring less overhang in the tool setup, especially when the part is relatively long.
262:
was poised to develop from a colossal laboratory curiosity into a practical technology that could begin to disseminate into business and industry. The advent of computer-based automation in
423:
The term "monitor lathe" formerly (1860sā1940s) referred to the class of small- to medium-sized manual turret lathes used on relatively small work. The name was inspired by the
133:
From the late-19th through mid-20th centuries, turret lathes, both manual and automatic (i.e., screw machines and chuckers), were one of the most important classes of
111:
862:
1039:
304:
242:
Machine tools of the "automatic" variety, which in the pre-computer era meant mechanically automated, had already reached a highly advanced state by
369:
The term "capstan lathe" overlaps in sense with the term "turret lathe" to a large extent. In many times and places, it has been understood to be
316:
1032:
239:" or "automatic screw machines", while larger ones are usually called "automatic chucking lathes", "automatic chuckers", or "chuckers".
918:
274:(CNC) displaced to a large extent, but not at all completely, the previously existing manual and mechanically automated machines.
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985:
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483:
328:
787:
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From the
American System to Mass Production, 1800ā1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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From the
American System to Mass Production, 1800-1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States
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588:
176:
841:
727:
683:
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340:
53:
that is used for repetitive production of duplicate parts, which by the nature of their cutting process are usually
127:
290:
Vertical turret lathes have the workpiece held vertically, which allows the headstock to sit on the floor and the
431:
DSM-59 and its many clones, are still common, but the name "monitor lathe" is no longer current in the industry.
236:
172:
868:
1300:
17:
1009:
Movement of the turret and the taking of various cuts on a manual engine lathe retrofitted with a CNC turret
278:
1149:
912:
1290:
99:
is the usual name in the UK and
Commonwealth, though the two terms are also used in contrast: see below,
122:
Turret lathes became indispensable to the production of interchangeable parts and for mass production.
271:
235:
performs an automated theater show. Small- to medium-sized automatic turret lathes are usually called "
82:
394:
A subtype of horizontal turret lathe is the flat-turret lathe. Its turret is flat (and analogous to a
179:; Frederick W. Howe, Richard S. Lawrence, and Henry D. Stone of Robbins & Lawrence; J.R. Brown of
1258:
500:
473:
1079:
66:
231:. Thus, they execute the part-cutting cycle somewhat analogously to the way in which an elaborate
1223:
1213:
1208:
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1248:
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719:
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73:-like fashion, via the mechanical limits placed on it by the turret's slide and stops, or via
1228:
1154:
54:
831:
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711:
427:, which the monitor lathe's turret resembled. Today, lathes of such appearance, such as the
1268:
1263:
65:
toolholder that allows multiple cutting operations to be performed, each with a different
8:
1233:
1144:
410:
Hollow-hexagon turret lathes competed with flat-turret lathes by taking the conventional
228:
74:
141:. They were used extensively in the mass production for the war effort in World War II.
858:
797:
645:
558:
188:
227:
to automate the sliding and indexing of the turret and the opening and closing of the
1003:
Movement of the turrets and the taking of various cuts on a CNC vertical turret lathe
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62:
905:(4th ed.), Dale Road, Bournbrook, Birmingham, England: H.W. Ward & Co., Ltd
1104:
1074:
184:
714:
CNC programming handbook : a comprehensive guide to practical CNC programming
1295:
1179:
1069:
1017:
527:
Building
Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,
291:
224:
217:
138:
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Numerically controlled turrets allow automated selection of tools on a turret.
168:
78:
34:
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191:. Various designers at these and other firms later made further refinements.
50:
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115:
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310:
CNC VTL, 46" (1168 mm) Bullard High Column
Dynatrol, built mid-1960s
243:
322:
CNC VTL, 88" (2235 mm) Niles
Vertical Turret Lathe, built mid-1950s
940:
638:
Reading working drawings. Arithmetic. Measuring instruments. Lathe work
90:
70:
30:
1119:
440:
they do offer the ability to index through successive tool settings.
38:
199:
157:
1920 Cincinnati Ames turret lathe. The round turret is on the right.
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1089:
259:
1194:
1114:
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411:
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978:
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further reduced, and productivity increased. These machines use
203:
Turret lathe operator machining parts for transport planes, 1942
1169:
914:
James
Hartness: A Representative of the Machine Age at Its Best
1124:
398:), allowing the turret to pass beneath the part. Patented by
37:
3x36 flat turret lathe with cross-sliding head, equipped for
997:
Example cycle on a manual turret lathe, narrated by operator
294:
to become a horizontal rotating table, analogous to a huge
836:, Springfield, Vermont: Jones and Lamson Machine Company,
57:. It evolved from earlier lathes with the addition of the
434:
334:
CNC VTL, King Vertical Turret Lathe Model 100, built 1955
900:
792:. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. p. 456.
761:
678:. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill. p. 57.
718:(2nd ed.). New York: Industrial Press. pp.
971:
Tools for the Job: a Short History of Machine Tools
161:
1047:
415:conventional turret, which is not flat or hollow.
612:
610:
1282:
607:
593:. Bloomington, Indiana: Xlibris. p. 144.
1033:
478:. Springer Nature. pp. 128, 177ā9, 429.
249:
958:, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: MIT Press,
673:
640:. Colliery Engineer Company. pp. 3ā11.
346:CNC VTL, 16' Rockford Open Side, built 1980
1040:
1026:
100:
857:
789:A.S.M.E. Mechanical Catalog and Directory
498:
471:
919:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
826:
472:Zhang, Ce; Yang, Jianming (2020-01-03).
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360:
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29:
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435:Toolpost turrets and tailstock turrets
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627:
625:
616:
467:
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475:A History of Mechanical Engineering
351:
24:
700:
25:
1312:
990:
901:H.W. Ward & Co., Ltd (1938),
833:Hartness Flat Turret Lathe Manual
664:
622:
462:
405:
194:
955:A Short History of Machine Tools
418:
339:
327:
315:
303:
162:Archetypical: horizontal, manual
820:
779:
767:
755:
744:
529:p. 81, 123, Cypress, CA, 2013.
365:Turret lathe operator, US, 1942
869:Johns Hopkins University Press
751:Capstan and Turret differences
540:
519:
492:
450:
13:
1:
762:H.W. Ward & Co., Ltd 1938
505:. JHU Press. pp. 48ā50.
443:
911:Roe, Joseph Wickham (1937),
587:Crosher, William P. (2014).
211:
7:
553:. McGraw-Hill. p. 273.
285:
10:
1317:
973:, London: B. T. Batsford,
967:. Co-edition published as
272:computer numerical control
250:Computer numerical control
215:
106:
83:computer numerical control
1203:
1060:
499:Hounshell, David (1985).
1244:Machine and metalworking
144:
1254:Measuring and alignment
1165:Rotary transfer machine
969:Rolt, L. T. C. (1965),
867:, Baltimore, Maryland:
676:Manufacturing processes
389:
1150:Oxy-fuel cutting torch
425:monitor-class warships
366:
204:
158:
119:
42:
364:
357:Capstan versus turret
202:
175:; J.D. Alvord of the
156:
114:
101:Capstan versus turret
33:
1301:Industrial equipment
1219:Cutting and abrasive
903:Operators' Hand-book
710:Smid, Peter (2003).
674:Bawa, H. S. (2004).
634:"Part 5: Lathe Work"
859:Hounshell, David A.
258:ended, the digital
189:Pratt & Whitney
1291:Industrial history
808:has generic name (
656:has generic name (
569:has generic name (
550:American Machinist
367:
205:
181:Brown & Sharpe
159:
120:
51:metalworking lathe
43:
27:Metalworking lathe
1278:
1277:
878:978-0-8018-2975-8
776:, pp. 34ā36.
590:A Gear Chronology
535:978-0-9897906-0-4
512:978-0-8018-3158-4
485:978-981-15-0833-2
268:numerical control
16:(Redirected from
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1105:Grinding machine
1075:Ball-peen hammer
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352:Other variations
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237:screw machines
216:Main article:
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195:Semi-automatic
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169:Elisha K. Root
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1190:Turret lathe
1189:
1130:Machine tool
1053:metalworking
1014:
1011:from YouTube
1005:from YouTube
999:from YouTube
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116:World War II
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67:cutting tool
58:
47:turret lathe
46:
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1269:Woodworking
1175:Tap and die
1135:Metal lathe
1100:Gear shaper
1085:Drill press
1065:Arbor press
849:26 February
806:|last=
654:|last=
567:|last=
244:World War I
150:vertical).
1285:Categories
941:HathiTrust
939:link from
895:1104810110
444:References
374:matter of
371:synonymous
279:CNC lathes
91:gun turret
77:-directed
41:work, 1910
1120:Jig borer
798:cite book
646:cite book
617:Rolt 1965
559:cite book
292:faceplate
212:Automatic
75:digitally
63:indexable
1224:Forestry
1214:Cleaning
1185:Tool bit
1090:End mill
979:65080822
952:(1965),
927:37016470
887:83016269
861:(1984),
830:(1910),
774:Roe 1937
738:52364066
694:57660758
429:Hardinge
286:Vertical
260:computer
85:lathes.
35:Hartness
1249:Masonry
1239:Kitchen
1110:Hacksaw
1049:Machine
935:3456642
412:hexagon
386:usage.
107:History
1296:Lathes
1259:Mining
1229:Garden
1195:Welder
1170:Shaper
1155:Planer
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