1084:. The process of globalization has had a major and in integrating Canada and Latin America; at the same time, this increasing integration has also fueled globalization. The emergence of strong and diverse foreign markets (especially those in countries like Brazil and Mexico) has ushered in a series of foreign policy adjustments in Canada that have revolved around investment, development, and increased commerce in such markets. In recent years Canadian policy adjustments have helped furnish an increase in total trade with Latin America – $ 50 billion in 2006 (up 500% from 1990). Likewise, North American led implementation of western style laissez faire capitalism, trade liberalization policies, and the dissolution of tariffs has had an overwhelming effect on Northern integration (and in some cases, dominance) of Latin America. Yet the effect of globalization on integrating the regions through foreign policy extends beyond politics and economics. The mass movement of people and information across borders (an inherent facet of globalization) has also garnered policy changes in respect to migration and cultural movement over the past few decades.
1065:(NAFTA)). However, in spite of overarching support for American policies Mulroney did deviate and even oppose American policies in several key respects. Importantly, Canada remained vocally opposed to Reagan's various anti-communist interventions in Latin America under Mulroney, and accepted refugees from several Latin American states. Yet, the acceptance of ideological diversity under Trudeau had already been fundamentally altered as Mulroney pursued policies based in American style neo-liberal economic policy and laissez faire capitalism. Clearly, these ideals were increasingly manifested and enforced in Latin American and helped garner widespread regime transition.
1140:) against 70 Maduro government officials. Canada has sanctions and related measures in place against nineteen other countries in the world, but only against Venezuela in the southern hemisphere. Canada has been an active member of the Lima Group to put pressure on the Maduro regime. The Lima Group was established on August 8, 2017, in Lima, Peru, to coordinate participating countries’ efforts and apply international pressure on Venezuela. Meetings of the group have been regularly attended by representatives from Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Saint Lucia.
37:
1166:
25:
1018:
876:
1069:
many leftist Latin
American states this generated a significant void in support for their vast nationalist/leftist movements. Thus, from the altering world balance came the proliferation of peace talks, the emergence of new economic regimes, and increasingly intertwined relations between the Northern and the Southern Western hemisphere. Canada's policies towards the region revolved around this new economic order that saw the distribution of power slipping from a bipolar system to multiple states, organizations, and corporations.
1152:
675:
960:
international system) was particularly visible in relations with Latin
America. In radical deviation from the policies and ideological attitudes of the United States, Canada pursued policies of tolerance and acceptance with respect to Latin American states. Canadian tolerance was evident throughout the 1970s – with the acceptance of thousands of leftist Chilean refugees between 1970 and 1980, opposition to various American political interventions in South America, or Trudeau's tour of Mexico, Venezuela, and Cuba in 1976.
956:'s "Options for the Future" (otherwise known as the 'Third Option Paper'), which reaffirmed the tenets of "Foreign Policy for Canadians", but considered U.S.–Canada relations in greater detail. Sharp's paper advocated the growth of Canadian economic, political and cultural 'distinctiveness', but did not encourage alienation from America. Ultimately, Sharp's ideas had a profound and lasting effect on Canadian policy and were central to the outward growth of Canada in the international sphere for many years.
63:
1180:
687:
939:(OAS). Second, the mission was elemental in establishing the founding principles of the Latin American section of Trudeau's complete revision of foreign policy – a series of documents entitled "Foreign Policy for Canadians" released in 1970. This series of documents considered massive changes in global power dynamics (e.g. the reduced threat of communism), the role of non-state actors, and the absolute necessity of preserving Canadian independence.
1034:
904:
illuminates these ideas: "We have to take greater account of the ties which bind us to other nations in this hemisphere – in the
Caribbean, Latin America – and of their economic needs. We have to explore relations with Latin America, where more than 400 million people will live by the turn of the century and where we have substantial interests" – Pierre Elliot Trudeau
1004:, and the formulation of specific Central American policy in 1982. Such advancements in Canadian policy were almost immediately contested by the United States. At any rate, Canada had good reason to be optimistic in the international sphere. Unfortunately, just as Trudeau's policies of peace and diplomacy in Latin America began to peak the
1125:
however began to sour under
Conservative Prime Minister Harper and President Hugo Chávez, and became sour under Liberal Prime Minister Trudeau (2015- ). Indeed, over the past few years, Canada has stepped out of its comfort zone in hemispheric affairs, to speak and act forcefully, as Canadian Foreign Minister
1072:
One of the most crucial developments of trans-hemispheric relations for Canada during
Mulroney's time in office came in Canada's official enrollment in the OAS in 1990. Until this point Canada's position on the institution was that it existed as a tool of American political and economic preponderance
963:
New notions of trans-hemispheric integration/relations began to take prominence as Canada found itself involved in Latin
American affairs in a meaningful way. By the late 1970s Canada called for the progressive advancement of the OAS that was deemed by Canadian observers as ineffective and deficient.
853:
had important implications for
Canadian foreign policy. Significantly, Canadian officials saw Latin America as a region particularly vulnerable to the spread of communism because of vast underdevelopment and socio-economic disparities. More importantly for Canada, however, was the immense propagation
1068:
While the onset of the Cold War helped spur interconnectedness between Canada and Latin
America the erosion of Soviet power in the late 1980s gave way to an even more robust partnership. By 1985 the Soviet empire was becoming increasingly bankrupt and unable to promote socialist ideology abroad. For
980:
capitalism, (in a resurgence of anti-communist discourse), reduction of the welfare state, and discrete military intervention to accommodate
American interests in Latin America and the world. Reagan's rationale was unequivocally based in the decline of American hegemony and aimed to bring prominence
837:
By the early 1940s, Canada had become a relatively important industrial producer that was in desperate need of integration in additional foreign markets. Devastation in Europe due to World War II made Latin
America a logical alternative. Unfortunately for Canadian interests, the period following the
951:
By the mid-1970s Canada's national policy toward Latin America – and other regions of the globe – had almost completely diverged from that of the United States. This was an especially momentous time in Canadian foreign politics because, until this point, Canada had been under the vast political and
794:
had limited political involvement, but after 1898 had significant economic ties in the Caribbean, Mexico and Brazil and Canadians went as businessmen and missionaries to a number of other countries. As Canadian foreign policy was largely constrained by Canada's ties to the British Empire, political
1008:
retarded any potential growth beginning in 1982. In fact, in a four-year period between 1980 and 1984 Canadian exports to Latin America were cut in half. Despite this setback, Canadian investment in the region remained high and the government of Canada remained committed to the pursuit of mutually
959:
By and large, the 1970s represented a period of growth in Canada–Latin America relations that produced episodes of incredible significance and garnered tremendous potential for future relations. Importantly, the emerging distinctiveness of Canada on the global stage (in an increasingly multi-polar
942:
In the years following these diplomatic advancements came several key initiatives, programs and institutions. In 1971, to deal with issues of Latin American integration, Trudeau founded the Bureau of Western-Hemispheric Affairs. In 1972, Canada officially entered the OAS under observer status and
903:
marked an important shift in Canada's role in international politics. During this time Canada, under Trudeau's realist and pragmatist ideals, began to view relations with previously untapped global regions such as Latin America as vital to Canada's future political and economic interests. Trudeau
1087:
Since the early 1990s Canadian relations with Latin America have, to an extent, leveled off and Canada can be considered an important actor in the continued development, growth and integration of the entire hemisphere. However, in many ways, the future of Canada as a part of the Americas remains
1129:
put it, in solidarity with "the people of Venezuela and their desire to restore democracy and human in Venezuela". On January 23, 2019, Minister Freeland issued the statement that “Canada recognizes Juan Guaidó, President of the National Assembly, as the interim President of Venezuela." On that
947:
to increasingly aid developmental initiatives in Latin America. Further, by 1972, Canada had seen an increase of roughly 40% in exports to the region in only 4 years and made tremendous progress with individual states like Brazil, Argentina, and Venezuela. In spite of some minor shortcomings in
1124:
in Venezuela to allow free and fair elections and end the political, economic and humanitarian crisis in this key South American nation. Canada-Venezuela relations have been on good terms since the establishment of diplomatic relationship between the two countries in the 1950s. Those relations
1076:
Canada's acceptance into the OAS in 1990 marked the continuation of strengthened interaction with the Americas. Along with the political and economic benefits associated with this union came increased support of democratic ideals and free trade discourse, as well as increased discussion of
971:
The period between 1980 and 1984 would mark the final term of Trudeau. By this point, Canadian interests and objectives in the hemisphere were completely unsynchronized with the views and objectives of the United States (especially under the conservative reigns of
1073:
in Latin America. However, with the erosion of Cold War tensions, waning American hegemonic interests in the region, and the proliferation of democracy throughout Latin America Canada saw the increasing importance of the OAS as a unifying institution.
927:) as a stage in Canada's foreign policy review. From the excursion Canada aimed to a) evaluate potential benefits from increased relations, b) explore global policy congruence with individual Latin American states, c) improve overall relations in
934:
The 1968 mission had two profound institutional effects. First, the mission directly led to the creation of a Latin American task force in 1969. This task force was at the forefront of issues involving Canada's role/potential role in joining the
866:
and free market ideals, the Canadian form of the ideology was inherently more accepting of socialist facets. Effectively, Canada grew closer to many Latin American states and often acted as a mediator between the United States and Latin America.
1057:, after being elected in 1984, almost immediately began to retract the ideals of distinctiveness ushered in by Sharp and Trudeau in favour of closer ties with the United States. Most notably, Mulroney would negotiate the landmark
1234:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 11-12. + McKenna, Peter. "Canada and the OAS". (Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1995)
931:. Ultimately, the mission garnered results on several fronts related to issues of economic cooperation, integration and growth, security and nuclear non-proliferation, as well as general information gathering.
976:, 1981–1989). During this time, Canada favoured leftist policies both at home and abroad and continued to nurture ideological diversity, while the United States, under Reagan, emphasized the importance of
968:, to vocalize discontent, concerns, and thoughts on inter-American affairs that included trading blocs, nuclear proliferation issues, and human rights abuses (in the case of Argentina).
1120:
Canada's most important initiative in its foreign policy toward Latin America in recent years has been its efforts, along with partners in the hemisphere, to pressure the regime of
1022:
1361:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 97-99.
1352:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 96-97.
1343:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 96, 97
550:
329:
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Tijerina, S,"One Cinderblock at a Time: Historiography of Canadian-Latin American Relations, Canadian-Colombian Relations," Desafios(Bogota), Semestre I, 2012, pp275–292.
1271:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 116.
1262:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 114.
1316:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". (Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000) 95.
300:
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1487:
Stevenson, Brian J.R. "Canada, Latin America, and the New Internationalism: A Foreign Policy Analysis, 1968-1990". Kingston: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2000.
2544:
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1193:
1136:
563:
202:
2364:
1198:
1099:, was visiting Brazil. Observers said this was intended increase Canada's visibility in the region and to remind Canadians of the region's importance.
1397:
Daudelin, Jean. "Canada and the Americas: a Time for Modesty". Behind the Headlines 64.3. (Canadian Institute of International Affairs 2007) 18, 19.
1307:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 83-84, 90.
1516:
1103:
2897:
2269:
1280:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 75, 81.
354:
278:
1225:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 11-12.
3007:
2931:
2450:
1289:
Daudelin, Jean. "Canada and the Americas: a Time for Modesty". Behind the Headlines 64.3. (Canadian Institute of International Affairs 2007) 2.
273:
1529:
1370:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 164.
1325:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 106.
2150:
1472:
Daudelin, Jean. "Canada and the Americas: a Time for Modesty". Behind the Headlines 64.3. Canadian Institute of International Affairs (2007).
1298:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 67.
1253:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 47.
1244:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". (Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994), 31.
1058:
907:
Between October and November 1968, Canada sent a delegate of various ministers to tour nine Latin American states (Argentina, Brazil, Chile,
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2744:
2701:
2676:
1505:
727:
424:
80:
1475:
Haar, Jerry and Edgar J. Dosman eds. "A Dynamic Partnership: Canada's Changing Role in the Americas". Miami: Transaction Publishers, 1993.
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2000:
1088:
uncertain. Questions of complete hemispheric economic integration, unified currency and free trade remain prominent issues in the media.
830:
the United States actively opposed Canadian involvement as Canada's foreign relations were subject to the interests of a European power,
320:
2620:
2343:
1484:
Rochlin, James. "Discovering the Americas: The Evolution of Canadian Foreign Policy Towards Latin America". Vancouver: UBC Press, 1994.
434:
370:
315:
1481:
Ogelsby, J.C.M., "Gringos from the Far North, Essays in the History of Canadian-Latin American relations, 1866-1968", Macmillan, 1976.
2625:
1964:
1558:
2369:
1764:
993:
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and economic relations remained tethered and controlled. Even after Canada gained political autonomy in foreign relations with the
295:
1216:
J.C.M. Ogelsby, Gringos from the Far North, Essays in the History of Canadian-Latin American Relations, 1866-1968. Macmillan 1976.
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from June 1979 to February 1980. Diversification and distinctiveness of Canadian policy were evident in Trudeau's creation of the
2749:
2615:
2610:
2488:
1724:
527:
446:
441:
402:
2539:
948:
certain Latin American states, Canada was overwhelming pleased with advancements in relations between the two regions by 1973.
775:
700:
2549:
2394:
2390:
2328:
1867:
778:
may overshadow relations with each other. However Canada's importance in the region has risen since joining the OAS in 1990.
767:
509:
505:
988:
Importantly, however, Canada revived Third Option ideals of political and economic distinctiveness that was briefly lost to
2554:
2483:
1551:
575:
491:
256:
2827:
2793:
2788:
2493:
2274:
2145:
2015:
1062:
648:
545:
207:
120:
2764:
2600:
2443:
1769:
771:
165:
131:
2605:
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2559:
2513:
2508:
2189:
1934:
1678:
1673:
1608:
397:
175:
2948:
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2649:
2534:
2173:
2135:
2085:
1944:
1924:
1909:
1795:
1729:
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1001:
720:
2194:
2080:
1884:
1810:
1805:
1658:
1643:
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936:
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268:
1102:
In 2010, Canada was specifically excluded (along with the United States) from a newly formed regional body, the
2943:
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2243:
2168:
2075:
1939:
1919:
1852:
1835:
1779:
1694:
466:
380:
375:
2919:
2436:
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2045:
2005:
1954:
1914:
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1825:
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occasion she called the Nicolás Maduro government "despicable". Ottawa imposed targeted sanctions (under the
212:
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2855:
2737:
2732:
2140:
2105:
2060:
2055:
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2020:
1995:
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1985:
1969:
1889:
1842:
1800:
1774:
1744:
1734:
1668:
1663:
1653:
1638:
1603:
952:
economic influence of her neighbour to the South. This incredible divergence was essentially manifested in
806:
Following increased solidarity between regions in Latin America throughout the 1800s came the birth of the
590:
310:
136:
2892:
2564:
2399:
2385:
2253:
2233:
2130:
2115:
2110:
2095:
2090:
2070:
2040:
2030:
2010:
1959:
1949:
1874:
1820:
1754:
1749:
1704:
1574:
1077:
trans-hemispheric issues such as racism, sexism, wealth distribution and other social-cultural concerns.
796:
713:
643:
623:
479:
191:
1080:
One prominent factor in the evolution of Canadian policy toward Latin America is seen in the concept of
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2800:
2691:
2518:
2503:
2338:
2125:
2065:
1929:
1904:
1879:
1847:
1830:
1739:
1709:
1633:
1618:
1115:
1005:
459:
392:
290:
224:
115:
1406:
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marked an important shift in the world political and economic order that saw the growth and spread of
2887:
2872:
2822:
2817:
2279:
2238:
1857:
1759:
1719:
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981:
back to America by staunch opposition to left-wing movements in Latin America such as the Nicaraguan
755:
ties between Canada and any group of those states, or multilateral relations through groups like the
653:
429:
283:
104:
2837:
2754:
2569:
2468:
1526:
900:
884:
638:
517:
217:
170:
2958:
2348:
1862:
1815:
997:
862:
during the early cold war years, could be viewed as a liberal-democracy devoted to the spread of
658:
585:
570:
361:
349:
305:
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2862:
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2333:
880:
787:
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387:
365:
342:
197:
158:
1456:
1422:
2850:
2409:
2404:
1029:, Quebec City is a park opened in 1995 to highlight the ties between Quebec and Latin America
532:
486:
770:. Culturally, Canada shares with the other societies in the Americas a mixture of European,
751:. This includes the bilateral ties between Canada and the individual Latin American states,
145:
2986:
1171:
633:
251:
75:
834:. Nevertheless, Canada remained outside of the union for reasons of economic disinterest.
826:
and others) repeatedly appealed for Canadian involvement in union. In accordance with the
36:
8:
628:
417:
1026:
2845:
1444:
1379:
McKenna, Peter. "Canada and the OAS". (Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1995) 143-145.
1095:
visited Colombia, Chile, Barbados and Haiti, while the same time the governor general,
807:
763:
99:
53:
1017:
774:, and immigrant influences. For both Canadians and Latin Americans, the importance of
2681:
1452:
1448:
1334:
McKenna, Peter. "Canada and the OAS". (Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1995) 92-94.
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522:
186:
1121:
1096:
875:
1434:
1388:
McKenna, Peter. "Canada and the OAS". (Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1995) 159.
839:
263:
229:
24:
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1533:
1185:
855:
827:
691:
580:
495:
1092:
1054:
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1038:
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953:
896:
831:
600:
181:
1543:
3001:
2459:
1478:
McKenna, Peter. "Canada and the OAS". Ottawa: Carlton University Press, 1995.
1439:
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1081:
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752:
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2428:
1500:
982:
244:
110:
1179:
686:
2902:
1053:
The Mulroney years were a tumultuous time for Canadian foreign policy.
920:
863:
126:
62:
2706:
989:
924:
916:
843:
811:
92:
888:
1091:
In 2007, for one of his first major trips overseas, Prime Minister
908:
850:
1033:
595:
762:
Canada and Latin America share ties of geography as part of the
823:
815:
791:
744:
964:
By 1979, Canada sought global channels and forums, namely the
2284:
1106:, which includes all other sovereign states in the Americas.
819:
1511:
1538:
912:
1521:
810:
in 1910. Between 1909 and 1941 Latin American states (
1539:
Latin American Research Centre, University of Calgary
1147:
1137:
Justice for Victims of Corrupt Foreign Officials Act
1199:Canadian mining in Latin America and the Caribbean
1194:Canada–Central American Four Free Trade Agreement
854:of American economic and political dominance and
2999:
1104:Community of Latin American and Caribbean States
803:remained weak due to domestic economic turmoil.
1573:
1508:Canada-Latin America Trade and Business Reports
781:
551:Proposed annexation of Turks and Caicos Islands
2311:
1009:beneficial relations between the two regions.
883:along with his Mexican counterpart, President
2444:
1559:
1109:
858:throughout the world. While Canada, like the
766:and history through the shared experience of
721:
225:Provincial and territorial executive councils
879:Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau attending the
1061:in 1987 (which would later evolve into the
2458:
2451:
2437:
2216:
1566:
1552:
870:
728:
714:
2365:Mining in Latin America and the Caribbean
1438:
1059:Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement
1032:
1016:
874:
1586:
1420:
371:Courts of the Provinces and Territories
3000:
1501:Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs
1012:
330:Provincial and territorial parliaments
3008:Foreign relations of Canada by region
2432:
2329:History of Canadian foreign relations
2310:
2215:
1585:
1547:
1466:
1423:"Canada and the Crisis in Venezuela"
1063:North American Free Trade Agreement
13:
3013:Foreign relations of Latin America
14:
3024:
1494:
398:Peace, order, and good government
1178:
1164:
1150:
1002:Foreign Investment Review Agency
776:relations with the United States
685:
673:
61:
35:
23:
1522:Organization of American States
1512:Canadian Foreign Policy Journal
1414:
1400:
1391:
1382:
1373:
1364:
1355:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
1301:
1292:
945:Inter-American Development Bank
937:Organization of American States
757:Organization of American States
546:Canada–European Union relations
279:Opposition Leader in the Senate
274:Government Leader in the Senate
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1228:
1219:
1210:
741:Canada–Latin America relations
541:Canada–Latin America relations
442:Provincial electoral districts
403:Charter of Rights and Freedoms
311:His Majesty's Loyal Opposition
306:Opposition Leader in the house
301:Government Leader in the house
203:President of the Privy Council
1:
1527:Pierre Trudeau Foreign Policy
1517:Canadian International Policy
1204:
1132:Special Economic Measures Act
2745:Central banks and currencies
1421:Grenier, Yvon (2019-06-26).
782:Historical relations to 1968
591:Indigenous Peoples in Canada
564:Crown and Indigenous peoples
7:
2702:Liberalism and conservatism
2270:International organizations
1575:Foreign relations of Canada
1143:
425:Federal electoral districts
192:List of Canadian ministries
10:
3029:
2697:International peacekeeping
2504:Latin American integration
2312:Diplomacy and other topics
1116:Canada-Venezuela relations
1113:
1110:Canada–Venezuela relations
1006:Latin American debt crisis
576:Aboriginal self-government
208:Clerk of the Privy Council
2977:
2927:
2918:
2836:
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2777:
2728:
2719:
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2378:
2357:
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2317:
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2262:
2226:
2222:
2211:
2182:
2161:
1978:
1788:
1687:
1596:
1592:
1581:
1023:Parc de l'Amérique-Latine
994:Progressive Conservatives
786:In the decades following
649:Provinces and territories
447:Politics of the provinces
435:List of federal elections
132:Monarchy in the provinces
2151:Turks and Caicos Islands
1506:Latin Business Chronicle
1440:10.18601/16577558.n30.04
1041:and Argentine President
1037:Canadian Prime Minister
901:Prime Minister of Canada
430:Federal electoral system
316:Leader of the Opposition
2932:Countries by population
2489:Portuguese colonization
1000:, the extension of the
998:National Energy Program
891:, Mexico; October 1981.
871:Trudeau years 1968–1984
571:Canadian Aboriginal law
362:Chief Justice of Canada
176:List of prime ministers
2806:Latin American studies
2391:Diplomatic missions of
2217:Multilateral relations
2001:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1050:
1030:
892:
799:(1931) relations with
797:Statute of Westminster
788:Canadian Confederation
743:are relations between
506:Diplomatic missions of
198:29th Canadian Ministry
2405:Global Affairs Canada
1036:
1020:
899:'s time in office as
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991:
986:
984:
979:
978:laissez-faire
975:
974:Ronald Reagan
969:
967:
961:
957:
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949:
946:
940:
938:
932:
930:
929:South America
926:
922:
918:
914:
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905:
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898:
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886:
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868:
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860:United States
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835:
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829:
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801:Latin America
798:
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749:Latin America
746:
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709:
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659:Republicanism
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350:Supreme court
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55:
51:
50:
42:Latin America
38:
26:
2920:Demographics
2585:
2514:World War II
2410:Peacekeeping
2248:
2190:Soviet Union
1935:Saudi Arabia
1679:South Africa
1674:Sierra Leone
1609:Burkina Faso
1430:
1426:
1416:
1407:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1339:
1330:
1321:
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1303:
1294:
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1276:
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1258:
1249:
1240:
1230:
1221:
1212:
1135:
1134:and the new
1131:
1119:
1101:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1052:
1047:Buenos Aires
987:
970:
962:
958:
950:
941:
933:
906:
894:
848:
836:
805:
785:
761:
753:plurilateral
740:
739:
619:Conservatism
540:
496:Mélanie Joly
388:Constitution
2910:Video games
2738:Agroecology
2733:Agriculture
2616:South Korea
2519:Debt crisis
2339:Vietnam War
2174:New Zealand
2136:Switzerland
2086:Netherlands
1945:South Korea
1925:Philippines
1910:North Korea
1796:Afghanistan
1730:El Salvador
1629:Ivory Coast
983:Sandinistas
943:joined the
533:Visa policy
245:Legislative
111:Charles III
3002:Categories
2903:Telenovela
2893:Television
2873:Literature
2670:Governance
2555:Literature
2195:Yugoslavia
2183:Historical
2081:Montenegro
1885:Kazakhstan
1811:Bangladesh
1806:Azerbaijan
1659:Mozambique
1644:Madagascar
1205:References
921:Costa Rica
919:, Mexico,
864:capitalism
772:Amerindian
634:Liberalism
629:Federalism
127:Mary Simon
76:Government
2898:Companies
2813:Etiquette
2801:Education
2707:Pink tide
2692:Falangism
2677:Democracy
2639:Geography
2550:Libraries
2477:By period
2395:in Canada
2379:Diplomacy
2244:Caribbean
2169:Australia
2076:Lithuania
1940:Singapore
1920:Palestine
1853:Indonesia
1836:Hong Kong
1780:Venezuela
1695:Argentina
1449:198707238
1433:: 55–75.
990:Joe Clark
925:Guatemala
917:Venezuela
844:communism
812:Argentina
790:in 1867,
510:in Canada
418:Elections
159:Executive
93:The Crown
81:structure
2982:Category
2888:Religion
2823:HIV/AIDS
2818:Feminism
2663:Politics
2565:Brujería
2560:Military
2535:Catholic
2528:By topic
2400:Treaties
2349:Iraq War
2334:Cold War
2121:Slovenia
2101:Portugal
2046:Holy See
2006:Bulgaria
1955:Thailand
1915:Pakistan
1900:Mongolia
1895:Malaysia
1826:Cambodia
1715:Colombia
1700:Barbados
1688:Americas
1624:Ethiopia
1614:DR Congo
1530:Archived
1144:See also
909:Colombia
851:Cold War
523:Passport
492:Minister
343:Judicial
230:Premiers
2863:Cuisine
2838:Culture
2778:Society
2755:Tourism
2721:Economy
2650:Regions
2570:Slavery
2469:History
2322:History
2227:Regions
2162:Oceania
2141:Ukraine
2106:Romania
2061:Ireland
2056:Iceland
2051:Hungary
2036:Germany
2026:Finland
2021:Denmark
1996:Belgium
1991:Austria
1986:Albania
1970:Vietnam
1890:Lebanon
1843:Georgia
1801:Armenia
1775:Uruguay
1745:Jamaica
1735:Grenada
1669:Senegal
1664:Namibia
1654:Morocco
1639:Lesotho
1604:Algeria
1457:3410555
1049:, 2016.
832:Britain
759:(OAS).
654:Regions
187:Cabinet
100:Monarch
2987:Portal
2937:Cities
2851:Cinema
2586:Canada
2545:Jewish
2254:Europe
2234:Africa
2131:Sweden
2116:Serbia
2111:Russia
2096:Poland
2091:Norway
2071:Latvia
2041:Greece
2031:France
2011:Cyprus
1979:Europe
1960:Turkey
1950:Taiwan
1875:Israel
1821:Brunei
1816:Bhutan
1755:Panama
1750:Mexico
1705:Brazil
1597:Africa
1455:
1447:
1235:66-67.
889:Cancún
824:Mexico
816:Brazil
792:Canada
745:Canada
264:Senate
30:Canada
2883:Music
2878:Media
2868:Dance
2856:Films
2789:Crime
2606:Japan
2601:Italy
2596:India
2591:China
2358:Trade
2285:NORAD
2126:Spain
2066:Italy
1930:Qatar
1905:Nepal
1880:Japan
1848:India
1831:China
1740:Haiti
1710:Chile
1634:Kenya
1619:Egypt
1445:S2CID
1427:Oasis
820:Chile
596:Métis
2959:List
2280:NATO
2239:Asia
1863:Iraq
1858:Iran
1789:Asia
1760:Peru
1720:Cuba
1649:Mali
1453:SSRN
1021:The
913:Peru
121:list
105:list
2846:Art
1435:doi
1045:in
1025:in
992:'s
887:in
3004::
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