780:
854:
1619:
561:
539:
495:
472:
449:
427:
405:
383:
361:
339:
517:
842:
308:
45:
1631:
873:
723:國樂／国乐) that could be performed at court ceremonies. He proposed that officials collect both ancient music and examples of state music from abroad and, on that basis, design an anthem for the Qing. The Ceremonial Council (Dianliyuan 典禮院／典礼院), which had just replaced the Ministry of Rites, responded on 15 July of that year. It put Putong (
1086:
Firm and Stable be the "golden cup" (which means the empire) domed by the
Celestial concave. In it, men and things happily prosper. Glad are we who live in the time of Purity. May Heaven protect and secure us from enemies and help us to reach the truly golden age! Oh! The Blue firmament is infinitely
641:
to be played as China's anthem in various state ceremonies and suggested the Qing adopt it as its official anthem, but the court did not approve. That song's lyrics and melody have both been lost for a very long time. However, an instrumental version of the anthem has been found and a part of what is
695:
regime in 1888) was played in the new-style schools that taught modern topics like science and engineering. The
Chinese lyrics – "To unify old territories, our ancient Asian country of four thousand years sighs in sorrow for the Jews, India, and Poland. Reading the history of those who have lost
754:
as its national anthem on 4 October 1911. The edict announcing the new anthem, and sometimes even the anthem's music and lyrics, were published in newspapers, and the court instructed the Navy and Army to practice the song, which was also transmitted to China's ambassadors throughout the world.
128:
133:
134:
125:
623:
used music for various ceremonies, but never had official anthems representing the country. By the end of the nineteenth century, however, Qing China was constantly in contact with foreign countries and started to require a national anthem "for diplomatic convenience".
130:
132:
129:
124:
123:
122:
131:
127:
126:
121:
1076:
2133:
3550:
1346:
4724:
823:
The person who was nominally put in charge of the anthem's music was Putong, an imperial relative. Aided by assistants in the
Imperial Guard, he composed the music based on the models found in the
4687:
4372:
2197:
1271:
4749:
119:
120:
2753:
3545:
2031:
4916:
2792:
4637:
4324:
4300:
3594:
4821:
4799:
3540:
3530:
3525:
741:(1854–1921), a translator of European scientific and philosophical treatises and an advisor to the Qing Navy, was charged with writing the lyrics. Guo Cengxin (
291:(1644–1912) on 4 October 1911. Its title references the "golden cup", a ritual instrument that symbolized the empire. Six days after the anthem's adoption, the
4340:
3515:
653:
in 1895, he was again asked to provide China's national anthem for performance at state receptions. He hastily adapted some court music to a slightly modified
682:, it was played on ceremonial occasions, but like the songs promoted by Zeng Jize and Li Hongzhang, was never officially adopted as the Qing national anthem.
2126:
1064:, meant "sharing the same goals and loyalties" or being part of the same army. In modern transcriptions of the lyrics, that phrase is often miswritten as
649:(1823–1901) visited Western Europe and Russia in 1896 as a special envoy charged with learning about foreign institutions after the disastrous end of the
4948:
3204:
2797:
2633:
601:
3584:
4769:
3989:
3599:
3510:
716:
700:
themes of ethnic crisis and loss of national territory, but many considered these too far from the usual themes of ceremonial music to be acceptable.
4508:
3520:
3997:
3981:
3384:
2472:
853:
1446:
4739:
4177:
4054:
4038:
3184:
2212:
4316:
4013:
3831:
3642:
779:
4896:
4607:
4308:
4062:
4046:
2617:
2588:
2207:
1663:
4784:
2289:
1505:———; Eccles, Lance (2007), "Anthem for a Dying Dynasty: The Qing National Anthem through the Eyes of a Court Musician",
815:, who wrote the lyrics, glossed the title and first line of the anthem as "Firm and stable be the 'golden cup' (which means the empire)."
3909:
3800:
1828:
4654:
1281:
1079:
759:
took place on
October 10 (six days after the anthem was promulgated) and quickly led to the fall of the dynasty. The foundation of the
2170:
4577:
3795:
3074:
2277:
2262:
84:
4891:
4816:
4709:
4602:
4153:
3815:
3389:
1964:
525:
4582:
4137:
3359:
1305:
831:律呂正義後編／律吕正义后编; 1746), an imperial compilation that complemented a much shorter 1724 work on ceremonial music commissioned by the
594:
480:
4811:
4692:
4356:
3229:
3000:
2339:
809:鞏 means "to consolidate" or "to strengthen," the entire title may be translated as "strengthening our hold on the golden cup."
635:– was the Qing envoy to France, Britain, and Russia for several years starting in 1878. Around 1880, he composed a song called
4774:
4501:
3805:
3775:
3031:
2272:
1495:
1435:
1416:
4979:
4452:
4225:
4193:
4021:
2501:
2252:
2165:
1889:
798:
1068:同胞 ("compatriot"), a term with racial connotations that the Manchu nobles who ruled Qing China purposely wanted to avoid.
3785:
2074:
1904:
4587:
4121:
3780:
2717:
2086:
1959:
1783:
587:
435:
801:
used such a vessel for ritual purposes. Inlaid with pearls and gems, it was known as the "Cup of
Eternal Solid Gold" (
4566:
3576:
3006:
2847:
2722:
2079:
1656:
4744:
4494:
4428:
4332:
3965:
3949:
3917:
3484:
2817:
4273:
3627:
3294:
2934:
2177:
1864:
1750:
760:
147:
4933:
3474:
3469:
3444:
2518:
2384:
2152:
1899:
1838:
1808:
1798:
179:
4281:
4928:
4704:
3100:
3067:
2952:
2727:
2583:
2267:
2257:
2242:
2237:
2069:
2019:
1999:
1939:
1773:
676:
Another unofficial anthem was written for the new Qing ground forces that were established in 1906. Entitled
193:
318:(618–907) poem to ceremonial music to serve as China's unofficial anthem during his visit to Europe in 1896.
4901:
4831:
4804:
4642:
4592:
4444:
4201:
4129:
3647:
3329:
3189:
2711:
2489:
2356:
2222:
2116:
1726:
1716:
1649:
1594:
1546:
734:
620:
503:
457:
4938:
4880:
4556:
4161:
3657:
3254:
2628:
2611:
2121:
2096:
2059:
1969:
1929:
1681:
1409:
Manchus & Han: Ethnic
Relations and Political Power in Late Qing and Early Republican China 1861–1928
650:
841:
4921:
3411:
3339:
3239:
3011:
2457:
1609:
1466:
615:
325:
284:
4436:
4412:
3698:
3662:
3609:
3454:
3289:
3224:
3021:
2740:
2669:
2462:
1994:
1919:
1788:
1706:
4984:
4764:
4759:
4729:
4649:
4551:
4169:
4078:
3941:
3790:
3489:
3429:
3349:
3130:
3092:
3060:
2942:
2762:
2496:
2467:
2217:
296:
3110:
4682:
4669:
4622:
4597:
4380:
4209:
3973:
3863:
3682:
3140:
2538:
2004:
1989:
1823:
1721:
569:
4974:
4969:
4841:
4699:
4541:
4233:
4105:
3925:
3479:
3439:
3209:
3164:
2919:
2807:
2688:
2513:
1731:
1072:
678:
391:
3374:
3324:
4989:
4719:
4627:
4460:
4420:
4364:
4217:
3749:
2993:
2852:
2812:
2479:
2441:
2329:
2309:
2227:
2026:
2009:
1874:
1843:
1778:
1566:
1380:". Other sources translate the same lines as "United in happiness and mirth, As long as the
4754:
4536:
4097:
4070:
3677:
3535:
3319:
3264:
2924:
2891:
2857:
2802:
2682:
2664:
2374:
2304:
2111:
1894:
669:
369:
8:
4851:
4632:
4249:
3464:
3459:
3449:
3419:
3269:
2977:
2827:
2767:
2699:
2379:
2232:
2187:
1934:
1813:
1793:
1701:
1462:
1082:
to explain the Qing anthem, and ended his letter with a rough translation of the lyrics:
896:
3344:
4836:
4468:
4404:
4396:
4145:
3957:
3933:
3810:
3754:
3719:
3622:
3617:
3434:
3393:
2862:
2573:
2568:
2394:
2334:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2138:
1984:
1803:
1522:
901:
747:), who had worked for the Ministry of Rites, made some minor modifications at the end.
547:
4866:
4861:
4794:
4734:
3868:
3667:
3652:
3424:
3299:
3284:
3120:
2872:
2867:
2842:
2787:
2782:
2705:
2653:
2558:
2389:
2294:
2091:
2054:
1979:
1909:
1879:
1833:
1491:
1431:
1412:
1051:
912:
887:
880:
784:
712:
261:
253:
4906:
4826:
4185:
3858:
3853:
3759:
3637:
3026:
2909:
2832:
2772:
2578:
2299:
2160:
2106:
1949:
1914:
1818:
1743:
1711:
1514:
1458:
860:
756:
730:
697:
664:
292:
216:
50:
4911:
4856:
4846:
4789:
4659:
4617:
4612:
4257:
4241:
3589:
3304:
3279:
3154:
3041:
2987:
2837:
2822:
2646:
2101:
2064:
2014:
1974:
1924:
1869:
1738:
667:
and presented that song as the Qing anthem. That song later became known as the
4943:
3632:
3309:
3179:
3174:
2904:
2777:
2543:
2506:
1954:
1944:
1884:
1060:
832:
237:
1556:
1551:
1541:
4963:
4779:
3884:
3739:
3724:
3714:
3672:
3274:
3249:
3234:
3125:
3016:
2982:
2947:
2563:
2553:
2369:
1760:
1518:
627:
Qing diplomats were one of the first to suggest adopting an official anthem.
1561:
797:(金甌／金瓯), or golden wine vessel, symbolized an "indestructible country". The
4523:
4265:
4029:
3744:
3734:
3314:
3259:
3105:
3036:
2733:
2675:
2364:
2346:
2202:
1672:
1635:
1623:
1096:
692:
660:
646:
315:
311:
288:
223:
63:
4486:
4725:
Song of the
Military and Political University of Resistance Against Japan
4531:
3334:
3169:
3135:
2972:
2693:
2414:
2409:
637:
632:
347:
4348:
3566:
1526:
307:
3505:
3115:
2640:
2484:
2434:
2404:
2247:
152:
16:
First national anthem of China; national anthem of Qing China (1911-12)
1641:
4282:
Provisional
Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam
3379:
3144:
2429:
2419:
628:
3159:
4714:
3729:
3244:
3199:
3194:
2914:
2659:
2606:
2548:
2424:
2399:
1486:
Ascendant Peace in the Four Seas: Drama and the Qing
Imperial Court
1359:, Vol. 1, 1895–1912 (Cambridge University Press, 1976), pp. 768–69.
1058:同袍 (lit., "sharing the same robes"), an allusion to a verse in the
687:
3052:
1484:
4388:
3369:
3219:
3214:
2899:
879:, the scholar and naval advisor who wrote the anthem's lyrics in
1447:"Da Qing guo de guoge 大清國的國歌 [The Qing National Anthem]"
1322:
4876:
4005:
3083:
1117:
907:
876:
812:
738:
74:
44:
4674:
3148:
2623:
2182:
655:
1163:
729:) (1877–1950) — a Manchu noble and direct descendant of the
696:
their countries, we shiver in our hearts!" – emphasized the
673:, but was never officially recognized as a national anthem.
2793:
Convention
Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet
2282:
1027:
764:
1557:
Rendition on YouTube, as portrayed in Towards the Republic
1261:
1259:
1257:
1050:天幬／天帱 (literally, the "canopy of Heaven") referred to the
1230:
1220:
1218:
1191:
1153:
1151:
1095:清 that Yan rendered as "Purity" was also the name of the
872:
4822:
Without the Communist Party, There Would Be No New China
1490:, Hong Kong: The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press,
1054:, which a legitimate dynasty was supposed to represent.
1428:
World National Anthem Encyclopedia New Edition 新编世界国歌博览
1310:
1254:
1242:
767:
officially abdicated a little more than a month later.
1411:, Seattle and London: University of Washington Press,
1215:
1203:
1179:
1148:
1607:
1430:, Shanghai: Shanghai Music Publishing House 上海音乐出版社,
1384:
rules" (see table above) and "Blest compatriots, the
1287:
258:
242:
228:
20:
719:
the Qing court to adopt a stately "national music" (
4949:
The Anti-Communist and Anti-Russian Aggression Song
2798:
Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory
1483:
1376:喜同袍，清時幸遭" as "Glad are we who live in the time of
1306:Site of the Imperial Qing Restoration Organization
685:A Chinese version of the Japanese national anthem
1334:
4961:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
4740:Osmanthus Flowers Blooming Everywhere in August
2198:Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations
4897:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
4608:National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China
4502:
3068:
2618:Complete Classics Collection of Ancient China
2589:Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties
1657:
1129:
1024:All of mankind will be filled with happiness,
953:
925:
742:
724:
595:
198:
184:
34:
4785:Long Live Comrade Mao for Ten Thousand Years
117:
4516:
1075:, on 16 March 1912 Yan Fu wrote to British
737:— in charge of writing the melody, whereas
4509:
4495:
3075:
3061:
1664:
1650:
763:was announced for 1 January 1912, and the
602:
588:
2278:Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty
1280:, p. 453, citing a letter by Yan to
825:Complement to the Treatise on Pitch Pipes
711:On 25 January 1911, an official from the
4892:National Anthem of the Republic of China
4817:Sailing the Seas Depends on the Helmsman
4710:Military Anthem of the Eighth Route Army
4603:National Anthem of the Republic of China
2127:Imperial Edict of the Abdication of Puyi
1504:
1389:
1352:
1328:
1316:
1277:
1265:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1157:
1123:
871:
783:Cup of Eternal Solid Gold, preserved in
778:
703:
306:
4583:China Heroically Stands in the Universe
2734:Complete Library of the Four Treasuries
1671:
1355:, p. 453, citing Lo Hui-min, ed.,
886:The lyrics, composed by Yan Fu, are in
481:China Heroically Stands in the Universe
4962:
1425:
1406:
1293:
631:(1839–1890) – eldest son of statesman
260:
4770:March of the People's Liberation Army
4688:Workers, Peasants and Soldiers, Unite
4490:
4181:(then the State of Cambodia, 1979–92)
3056:
3032:Timeline of late anti-Qing rebellions
2273:Principles of the Constitution (1908)
1645:
1087:high and the seas flow everlastingly.
1034:And its vast boundaries be protected.
2253:Ministry of Posts and Communications
1552:Rendition on YouTube, without lyrics
1463:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5258.2006.03.010
1357:The Correspondence of G. E. Morrison
3082:
3001:History of Qing (People's Republic)
1071:Answering a request transmitted by
13:
4775:I Love the Motherland's Blue Skies
4588:Song of Five Races Under One Union
2718:Sacred Edict of the Kangxi Emperor
2087:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
2080:1909 Provincial Assembly elections
1960:Japanese invasion of Taiwan (1874)
1784:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
1481:
1444:
1340:
1169:
1142:
436:Song of Five Races Under One Union
295:broke out, and quickly led to the
14:
5001:
4750:When the Motherland Calls Upon Us
3945:(then the Russian SFSR, (1917–18)
3007:Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty
2848:Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1881)
2723:Shamanism during the Qing dynasty
1875:Dogra–Tibetan war (Sino-Sikh war)
1535:
4745:The Sky Above the Liberated Zone
4253:(1888—1932, now as royal salute)
3961:(then the Soviet Union, 1918–44)
2818:Sino-Portuguese Treaty of Peking
2134:Articles of Favourable Treatment
1890:Red Turban Rebellion (1854–1856)
1629:
1617:
852:
840:
559:
537:
515:
493:
470:
447:
425:
403:
381:
359:
337:
43:
4655:Song of the National Revolution
1865:Eight Trigrams uprising of 1813
1751:Revolt of the Three Feudatories
1362:
1299:
1022:All of creation will celebrate,
793:(甌) was a kind of wine vessel.
715:called Cao Guangquan (曹廣權／曹广权)
29:English: Cup of Solid Gold
4934:Chiang Ching-kuo Memorial Song
4178:People's Republic of Kampuchea
3816:Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
2519:Guest House of Imperial Envoys
1809:Revolt of the Altishahr Khojas
1562:Sheet music, lyrics, and audio
1482:——— (2012),
1399:
1368:Yan Fu renders the two lines "
954:
926:
771:was never performed publicly.
526:Three Principles of the People
259:
243:
229:
199:
185:
35:
1:
4929:Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Song
4730:Three Rules and Eight Notices
4650:Marshal Training Soldier Song
3801:Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug
2953:Banknotes of the Da Qing Bank
2728:Islam during the Qing dynasty
2584:Zhao Mausoleum (Qing dynasty)
2268:Provincial military commander
2258:Nine Gates Infantry Commander
2243:Imperial Household Department
2070:Preparative Constitutionalism
1774:Sino-Russian border conflicts
1407:Rhoads, Edward J. M. (2000),
1105:
302:
4902:Ode to the Republic of China
4593:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
4157:(in the mainland, 1930-1949)
4058:(then Turkmenistan, 1946–96)
3394:Taiwan independence movement
2712:Researches on Manchu Origins
2117:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1727:Transition from Ming to Qing
1717:Later Jin invasion of Joseon
1595:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
1388:era encounters prosperity" (
1110:
750:The Qing government adopted
743:
725:
621:Dynasties in Chinese history
504:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
458:Song to the Auspicious Cloud
7:
4980:Historical national anthems
4939:Go and Reclaim the Mainland
4812:Learn from Comrade Lei Feng
4557:Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet
2612:Changzhou School of Thought
2122:1911 Revolution in Xinjiang
2097:Railway Protection Movement
2075:1909 Parliamentary election
2060:British expedition to Tibet
1970:Qing reconquest of Xinjiang
1930:Self-Strengthening Movement
1905:Nepal–Tibet War (1855–1856)
1426:Qian 钱, Renkang 仁康 (2010),
1032:May the enlightened empire,
1018:Solidify our golden empire,
21:
10:
5006:
4675:People's Republic of China
4050:(then Tajikistan, 1946–94)
4042:(then Kyrgyzstan, 1946–92)
3993:(then Azerbaijan, 1944–92)
3141:People's Republic of China
3012:Legacy of the Qing dynasty
1900:Miao Rebellion (1854–1873)
1839:Miao Rebellion (1795–1806)
1829:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
1799:Miao Rebellion (1735–1736)
1020:Follow the will of Heaven,
616:Historical Chinese anthems
613:
62:Former national anthem of
4875:
4668:
4565:
4522:
4293:
4090:
3900:
3893:
3877:
3844:
3824:
3786:Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
3768:
3707:
3691:
3608:
3575:
3559:
3498:
3410:
3403:
3358:
3091:
3022:Names of the Qing dynasty
2965:
2933:
2890:
2883:
2752:
2670:Manchu Han Imperial Feast
2597:
2529:
2450:
2355:
2151:
2042:
2000:Dungan Revolt (1895–1896)
1995:Gongche Shangshu movement
1940:Dungan Revolt (1862–1877)
1852:
1789:Chinese Rites controversy
1759:
1689:
1680:
1590:
1583:
1577:
1445:Ye, Xiaoqing 葉小青 (2006),
867:
859:Government document with
326:National anthems of China
283:" was the first official
273:
252:
236:
222:
215:
210:
206:
192:
178:
174:
169:
161:
115:
110:
106:
98:
90:
80:
70:
60:
42:
33:
28:
4765:I Love Beijing Tiananmen
4760:To the Rear of the Enemy
4638:In the Taihang Mountains
2943:Great Qing Treasure Note
2763:Treaty of Kyakhta (1727)
2473:Administrative divisions
2290:Administrative divisions
2218:Flag of the Qing dynasty
1580:Various unofficial tunes
1519:10.1163/008254307x246946
818:
774:
297:fall of the Qing dynasty
285:national anthem of China
180:Traditional Chinese
4683:March of the Volunteers
4670:Chinese Soviet Republic
4623:Along the Songhua River
4598:March of the Volunteers
4578:How Great is Our China!
4517:Chinese patriotic songs
2539:Chengde Mountain Resort
2340:Three Eastern Provinces
1990:First Sino-Japanese War
1965:Northern Chinese Famine
1824:Lin Shuangwen rebellion
1722:Qing invasion of Joseon
1567:Chinesische Kaiserhymne
1331:, p. 446, note 39.
1126:, p. 440, note 24.
570:March of the Volunteers
194:Simplified Chinese
4842:Loyalty to the Country
4542:Praise the Dragon Flag
4416:(1958–1965, 2003–2004)
2920:Great Qing Copper Coin
2808:Convention of Tientsin
2741:Annotated Bibliography
2689:Qing official headwear
1732:Battle of Shanhai Pass
1089:
1073:George Ernest Morrison
1038:The sea is turbulent.
883:
787:
679:Praise the Dragon Flag
642:seemingly the lyrics.
392:Praise the Dragon Flag
319:
138:
4832:My People, My Country
4720:Ode to the Motherland
4628:The Great Wall Ballad
4552:Training Soldier Song
3901:Former Russian Empire
2994:Draft History of Qing
2853:Treaty of Shimonoseki
2634:performance criticism
2238:Imperial Commissioner
2228:Great Qing Legal Code
2027:Eight-Nation Alliance
2010:Third plague pandemic
1920:Punti–Hakka Clan Wars
1844:White Lotus Rebellion
1084:
875:
782:
614:Further information:
310:
137:
4755:Yellow River Cantata
4537:Tune of Li Zhongtang
4461:United Arab Republic
4170:Democratic Kampuchea
4133:(1913-1915, 1921-28)
4009:(1918–21, 1990–2004)
3595:Tokushima Perfecture
3335:United Arab Emirates
2925:Great Qing Gold Coin
2858:Treaty of Tarbagatai
2803:Convention of Peking
2683:Pentaglot Dictionary
2665:Literary inquisition
2375:Ever Victorious Army
2208:Deliberative Council
2112:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
2065:1905 Batang uprising
2005:Hundred Days' Reform
1895:Small Swords Society
1585:"Cup of Solid Gold"
1547:Rendition on YouTube
1390:Ye & Eccles 2007
1353:Ye & Eccles 2007
1329:Ye & Eccles 2007
1317:Ye & Eccles 2007
1284:dated 16 March 1912.
1278:Ye & Eccles 2007
1266:Ye & Eccles 2007
1249:Ye & Eccles 2007
1237:Ye & Eccles 2007
1225:Ye & Eccles 2007
1210:Ye & Eccles 2007
1198:Ye & Eccles 2007
1186:Ye & Eccles 2007
1174:Ye & Eccles 2007
1158:Ye & Eccles 2007
1124:Ye & Eccles 2007
1046:In the second line,
993:Dìguó cāngqióng bǎo.
918:English translation
829:Lülü Zhengyi Houbian
670:Tune of Li Zhongtang
370:Tune of Li Zhongtang
4852:When That Day Comes
4349:Republic of Mahabad
3618:Federal Territories
3362:limited recognition
2978:Anti-Qing sentiment
2828:Treaty of the Bogue
2768:Treaty of Nerchinsk
2700:Complete Tang Poems
2380:Green Standard Army
2263:Provincial governor
2233:Imperial Clan Court
2213:Diplomatic missions
2188:Consultative Bureau
1935:Tongzhi Restoration
1814:Afaqi Khoja revolts
1794:Ten Great Campaigns
1702:Jurchen unification
1469:on 6 September 2017
897:Traditional Chinese
25:
4837:Bloodstained Glory
4705:The Internationale
4336:(1992–96, 2002—06)
3585:Fukuoka Perfecture
2863:Treaty of Tientsin
2574:Western Qing tombs
2569:Eastern Qing tombs
2395:Peking Field Force
2139:Manchu Restoration
2032:Declaration of war
1985:Jindandao incident
1804:Lhasa riot of 1750
1392:, pp. 446–47)
1239:, pp. 442–43.
1200:, pp. 451–52.
902:Simplified Chinese
884:
788:
733:who served in the
548:The Internationale
320:
139:
19:
4957:
4956:
4877:Republic of China
4867:On the Great Road
4862:I Love You, China
4795:Socialism is Good
4735:Unity Is Strength
4569:(on the Mainland)
4567:Republic of China
4547:Cup of Solid Gold
4484:
4483:
4480:
4479:
4154:Republic of China
3840:
3839:
3590:Nagano Prefecture
3390:Republic of China
3050:
3049:
2961:
2960:
2873:Treaty of Whampoa
2868:Treaty of Wanghia
2843:Treaty of Nanking
2813:Li–Lobanov Treaty
2788:Chefoo Convention
2783:Burlingame Treaty
2654:Kangxi Dictionary
2559:Old Summer Palace
2390:Firearm Battalion
2193:Cup of Solid Gold
2147:
2146:
2092:Manchurian plague
2055:Late Qing reforms
2046:(1901–1912)
1980:Sikkim expedition
1910:Panthay Rebellion
1880:Taiping Rebellion
1856:(1801–1900)
1834:Sino-Nepalese War
1779:Dzungar–Qing Wars
1765:(1683–1799)
1693:(1616–1683)
1606:
1605:
1591:Succeeded by
1497:978-962-996-457-3
1437:978-7-807-51549-4
1418:978-0-295-97938-0
1077:Foreign Secretary
1052:Mandate of Heaven
1044:
1043:
989:Qīng shí xìngzāo,
888:Classical Chinese
881:classical Chinese
847:European notation
803:Jin'ou Yonggu Bei
785:the Palace Museum
765:last Qing emperor
761:Republic of China
713:Ministry of Rites
706:Cup of Solid Gold
651:Sino–Japanese War
612:
611:
579:
578:
414:Cup of Solid Gold
287:, adopted by the
281:Cup of Solid Gold
277:
276:
269:
268:
217:Standard Mandarin
170:Cup of Solid Gold
165:
164:
142:Cup of Solid Gold
135:
4997:
4925:
4907:The Plum Blossom
4827:My Chinese Heart
4808:
4696:
4646:
4633:Guerrillas' Song
4511:
4504:
4497:
4488:
4487:
4473:
4465:
4457:
4449:
4441:
4433:
4425:
4417:
4409:
4401:
4393:
4385:
4377:
4369:
4361:
4353:
4345:
4337:
4329:
4321:
4313:
4305:
4286:
4278:
4270:
4262:
4258:Kingdom of Nepal
4254:
4246:
4238:
4230:
4222:
4214:
4206:
4198:
4190:
4182:
4174:
4166:
4158:
4150:
4142:
4134:
4126:
4118:
4110:
4102:
4083:
4075:
4067:
4059:
4051:
4043:
4035:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3946:
3942:Russian Republic
3938:
3930:
3922:
3914:
3898:
3897:
3531:North Kalimantan
3408:
3407:
3077:
3070:
3063:
3054:
3053:
3027:New Qing History
2910:Qianlong Tongbao
2888:
2887:
2833:Treaty of Canton
2773:Unequal treaties
2579:Fuling Mausoleum
2178:Advisory Council
2107:Wuchang Uprising
2047:
1950:Tianjin Massacre
1915:Second Opium War
1857:
1819:Sino-Burmese War
1766:
1744:Battle of Penghu
1712:Seven Grievances
1694:
1687:
1686:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1622:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1601:
1578:Preceded by
1575:
1574:
1571:
1530:
1501:
1489:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1465:, archived from
1441:
1422:
1393:
1366:
1360:
1350:
1344:
1338:
1332:
1326:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1275:
1269:
1263:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1213:
1207:
1201:
1195:
1189:
1183:
1177:
1167:
1161:
1155:
1146:
1140:
1127:
1121:
1036:The sky is high,
985:Mínwù xīn fúzǎo,
983:Chéng tiān chóu,
974:
973:
946:
945:
893:
892:
861:Gongche notation
856:
844:
805:金甌永固杯). Because
757:Wuchang Uprising
746:
745:
731:Daoguang Emperor
728:
727:
698:Social Darwinist
691:(adopted by the
604:
597:
590:
567:
564:
563:
562:
545:
542:
541:
540:
523:
520:
519:
518:
501:
498:
497:
496:
484:
478:
475:
474:
473:
455:
452:
451:
450:
433:
430:
429:
428:
411:
408:
407:
406:
389:
386:
385:
384:
367:
364:
363:
362:
345:
342:
341:
340:
333:
332:
322:
321:
293:Wuchang Uprising
265:
264:
263:
248:
247:
246:
232:
231:
208:
207:
202:
201:
188:
187:
167:
166:
136:
102:12 February 1912
47:
38:
37:
26:
24:
18:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4985:Chinese anthems
4960:
4959:
4958:
4953:
4919:
4912:800 Heroes Song
4884:
4871:
4857:Towards Revival
4847:Story of Spring
4802:
4790:Red Star Shines
4700:The East is Red
4690:
4673:
4664:
4660:Gong Xi Gong Xi
4640:
4618:The Sword March
4613:800 Heroes Song
4570:
4561:
4518:
4515:
4485:
4476:
4471:
4463:
4455:
4447:
4439:
4431:
4423:
4415:
4407:
4399:
4391:
4383:
4375:
4367:
4359:
4351:
4343:
4335:
4327:
4319:
4311:
4303:
4289:
4284:
4276:
4268:
4260:
4252:
4244:
4236:
4228:
4220:
4212:
4204:
4196:
4188:
4180:
4172:
4164:
4156:
4148:
4146:Communist China
4140:
4132:
4124:
4116:
4108:
4100:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4057:
4049:
4041:
4033:
4024:
4016:
4008:
4000:
3992:
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3952:
3944:
3936:
3928:
3920:
3912:
3903:or Soviet Union
3902:
3889:
3873:
3846:
3836:
3820:
3764:
3703:
3687:
3643:Negeri Sembilan
3604:
3571:
3567:Iraqi Kurdistan
3555:
3546:South Tengerang
3526:East Kalimantan
3494:
3399:
3375:Northern Cyprus
3361:
3354:
3087:
3081:
3051:
3046:
3042:Willow Palisade
2988:Chuang Guandong
2957:
2929:
2879:
2838:Treaty of Kulja
2823:Treaty of Aigun
2756:
2748:
2647:History of Ming
2599:
2593:
2531:
2525:
2451:Special regions
2446:
2385:Imperial Guards
2351:
2143:
2102:1911 Revolution
2048:
2045:
2038:
2015:Boxer Rebellion
1975:Sino-French War
1925:Amur Annexation
1870:First Opium War
1858:
1855:
1848:
1767:
1764:
1755:
1739:Great Clearance
1695:
1692:
1676:
1670:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1587:
1581:
1569:
1542:MIDI audio file
1538:
1533:
1513:(4/5): 433–58,
1498:
1472:
1470:
1438:
1419:
1402:
1397:
1396:
1367:
1363:
1351:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1327:
1323:
1315:
1311:
1304:
1300:
1292:
1288:
1282:Sir Edward Grey
1276:
1272:
1264:
1255:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1231:
1223:
1216:
1208:
1204:
1196:
1192:
1184:
1180:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1149:
1141:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1026:As long as the
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
999:
996:
994:
992:
990:
988:
986:
984:
982:
976:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
948:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
870:
863:
857:
848:
845:
821:
777:
709:
663:(618–907) poet
618:
608:
565:
560:
558:
543:
538:
536:
521:
516:
514:
499:
494:
492:
476:
471:
469:
468:
453:
448:
446:
431:
426:
424:
409:
404:
402:
387:
382:
380:
365:
360:
358:
343:
338:
336:
305:
244:
157:
143:
140:
118:
66:
61:
56:
49:Sheet music in
17:
12:
11:
5:
5003:
4993:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4951:
4946:
4944:Taiwan Is Good
4941:
4936:
4931:
4926:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4894:
4888:
4886:
4873:
4872:
4870:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4800:I Am a Soldier
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4685:
4679:
4677:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4574:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4560:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4528:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4513:
4506:
4499:
4491:
4482:
4481:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4474:
4466:
4458:
4450:
4442:
4434:
4426:
4418:
4410:
4402:
4394:
4386:
4378:
4370:
4362:
4357:Ottoman Empire
4354:
4346:
4338:
4330:
4322:
4314:
4306:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4290:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4271:
4263:
4255:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4162:Khmer Republic
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4094:
4092:
4088:
4087:
4085:
4084:
4076:
4068:
4060:
4052:
4044:
4036:
4027:
4019:
4011:
4003:
3995:
3990:Azerbaijan SSR
3987:
3979:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3947:
3939:
3934:Russian Empire
3931:
3926:Russian Empire
3923:
3918:Russian Empire
3915:
3910:Russian Empire
3906:
3904:
3895:
3891:
3890:
3888:
3887:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:East Turkestan
3850:
3848:
3842:
3841:
3838:
3837:
3835:
3834:
3832:Karakalpakstan
3828:
3826:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3806:Sakha Republic
3803:
3798:
3793:
3791:Kamchatka Krai
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Altai Republic
3772:
3770:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3701:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3581:
3579:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3541:South Sulawesi
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3452:
3450:Madhya Pradesh
3447:
3442:
3437:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3420:Andhra Pradesh
3416:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3366:
3364:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3097:
3095:
3089:
3088:
3080:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3057:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2997:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2967:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2905:Kangxi Tongbao
2902:
2896:
2894:
2885:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2778:Boxer Protocol
2770:
2765:
2759:
2757:
2750:
2749:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2730:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2708:
2703:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2626:
2621:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2544:Forbidden City
2541:
2535:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2521:
2511:
2510:
2509:
2507:General of Ili
2504:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2490:List of ambans
2487:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
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1955:Margary Affair
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1945:Mudan incident
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1885:Nian Rebellion
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1536:External links
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3017:Manchu people
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2554:Mukden Palace
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2043:20th century
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1135:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1094:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1069:
1067:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1015:
1012:
1001:
998:
978:
975:
950:
947:
922:
921:
917:
915:transcription
914:
911:
909:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
894:
891:
889:
882:
878:
874:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
837:
836:
834:
830:
826:
816:
814:
810:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
786:
781:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
755:However, the
753:
748:
740:
736:
732:
722:
718:
714:
707:
701:
699:
694:
690:
689:
683:
681:
680:
674:
672:
671:
666:
662:
658:
657:
652:
648:
643:
640:
639:
634:
630:
625:
622:
617:
605:
600:
598:
593:
591:
586:
585:
583:
582:
574:
571:
557:
556:
552:
549:
535:
534:
530:
527:
513:
512:
508:
505:
491:
490:
486:
482:
467:
466:
462:
459:
445:
444:
440:
437:
423:
422:
418:
415:
401:
400:
396:
393:
379:
378:
374:
371:
357:
356:
352:
349:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
324:
323:
317:
313:
309:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
272:
262:
257:
255:
251:
241:
239:
235:
227:
225:
221:
218:
214:
209:
205:
197:
195:
191:
183:
181:
177:
173:
168:
160:
154:
151:
149:
146:
145:
114:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
69:
65:
59:
55:
53:
46:
41:
32:
27:
23:
4990:Qing dynasty
4546:
4524:Qing dynasty
4448:(until 1996)
4113:
3998:Georgian SSR
3982:Armenian SSR
3966:Soviet Union
3958:Russian SFSR
3699:Azad Kashmir
3435:Chhattisgarh
3330:Turkmenistan
3295:Saudi Arabia
3037:Treaty ports
2999:
2992:
2966:Other topics
2739:
2732:
2710:
2698:
2681:
2676:Peiwen Yunfu
2674:
2652:
2645:
2616:
2365:Beiyang Army
2347:Zongli Yamen
2203:Da-Qing Bank
2192:
2020:Red Lanterns
1673:Qing dynasty
1584:
1510:
1506:
1485:
1471:, retrieved
1467:the original
1457:(3): 90–91,
1454:
1450:
1427:
1408:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1348:
1336:
1324:
1312:
1301:
1289:
1273:
1244:
1232:
1205:
1193:
1181:
1165:
1119:
1101:
1097:Qing dynasty
1092:
1090:
1085:
1070:
1065:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1045:
1017:
1003:
997:Hǎi tāotāo.
995:Tiān gāogāo,
991:Zhēn xī hào,
987:Xǐ tóng páo.
980:
952:
924:
885:
828:
824:
822:
811:
806:
802:
799:Qing emperor
794:
790:
789:
768:
751:
749:
720:
710:
705:
686:
684:
677:
675:
668:
661:Tang dynasty
654:
647:Li Hongzhang
644:
636:
626:
619:
575:1949–present
531:1930–present
413:
316:Tang dynasty
312:Li Hongzhang
289:Qing dynasty
280:
278:
245:Kung Chin-ou
224:Hanyu Pinyin
111:Audio sample
99:Relinquished
51:
4920: [
4803: [
4691: [
4641: [
4532:Pu Tian Yue
4472:(1978–1990)
4469:North Yemen
4432:(1981–2003)
4368:(1873–1909)
4341:Afghanistan
4333:Afghanistan
4325:Afghanistan
4317:Afghanistan
4309:Afghanistan
4301:Afghanistan
4261:(1962–2006)
4226:Philippines
4149:(1927-1949)
4141:(1915-1921)
4125:(1911-1912)
4117:(1911-1912)
4109:(1906-1911)
4101:(1896-1906)
4082:(1944–2011)
4055:Turkmen SSR
4039:Kirghiz SSR
4025:(1991–2006)
3977:(1991–2000)
3937:(1833–1917)
3921:(1798–1816)
3859:Tamil Eelam
3708:Philippines
3490:West Bengal
3485:Uttarakhand
3455:Maharashtra
3360:States with
3280:Philippines
3220:South Korea
3215:North Korea
3143:(including
3101:Afghanistan
2973:Aisin Gioro
2935:Paper money
2694:Qing poetry
2415:Wuwei Corps
2410:Shuishiying
2171:Family tree
1600:(1912–1928)
1570:(in German)
1473:6 September
1400:Works cited
1294:Rhoads 2000
1080:Edward Grey
981:Gǒng Jīn'ōu
769:Gong Jin'ou
752:Gong Jin'ou
638:Pu Tian Yue
633:Zeng Guofan
348:Pu Tian Yue
314:arranged a
230:Gǒng jīn'ōu
22:Gǒng jīn'ōu
4964:Categories
4917:Night Raid
4885:since 1949
4266:Travancore
4022:Kazakhstan
4014:Kazakh SSR
3869:West Papua
3825:Uzbekistan
3755:Pangasinan
3720:Bangsamoro
3683:Terengganu
3551:Yogyakarta
3475:Tamil Nadu
3470:Puducherry
3340:Uzbekistan
3315:Tajikistan
3230:Kyrgyzstan
3210:Kazakhstan
3160:East Timor
3121:Bangladesh
3111:Azerbaijan
2641:Four Wangs
2532:mausoleums
2485:Golden Urn
2458:Inner Asia
2435:Xiang Army
2405:Hushenying
2330:Liangguang
2310:Liangjiang
2248:Lifan Yuan
2153:Government
1588:1911–1912
1507:T'oung Pao
1374:shi zao yu
1106:References
717:petitioned
303:Background
238:Wade–Giles
4881:on Taiwan
4571:1912–1949
4464:(1960–81)
4456:(1954–96)
4445:Palestine
4440:(1951–78)
4424:(1965–81)
4408:(1932–58)
4400:(1980–90)
4392:(1979–80)
4384:(1933–79)
4376:(1909–33)
4360:1829–1922
4344:(2006–21)
4328:(1978–92)
4320:(1973–78)
4312:(1943–73)
4304:(1926–43)
4285:(1969–76)
4277:(1948–75)
4269:(1937–47)
4245:(1871–88)
4237:(1852–71)
4229:(1942–45)
4221:(1924–50)
4213:(1915–24)
4205:(1932–45)
4202:Manchukuo
4197:(1902–10)
4189:(1941–45)
4186:Azad Hind
4173:(1975–93)
4165:(1970–75)
4074:(1921–44)
4066:(1946–91)
4063:Uzbek SSR
4047:Tajik SSR
4034:(2007–15)
4032:(Russia)
4030:Khakassia
4017:(1945–91)
4001:(1946–90)
3985:(1944–91)
3969:(1944–91)
3953:(1918–20)
3929:(1816–33)
3913:(1791–98)
3845:In exile/
3796:Khakassia
3521:East Java
3499:Indonesia
3480:Telangana
3445:Karnataka
3380:Palestine
3305:Sri Lanka
3300:Singapore
3180:Indonesia
3145:Hong Kong
2463:Manchuria
2430:Huai Army
2420:Yong Ying
2305:Shaan-Gan
1761:High Qing
1707:Later Jin
1451:Xungen 尋根
1111:Citations
1048:tian chou
665:Wang Jian
629:Zeng Jize
553:1931–1937
509:1921–1928
487:1915–1921
463:1913–1915
441:1912–1913
419:1911–1912
397:1906–1911
375:1896–1906
353:1878–1896
4715:Nanniwan
4218:Mongolia
4210:Mongolia
3847:disputed
3781:Buryatia
3750:Pampanga
3740:La Union
3692:Pakistan
3678:Selangor
3633:Kelantan
3610:Malaysia
3404:Regional
3370:Abkhazia
3320:Thailand
3275:Pakistan
3255:Mongolia
3250:Maldives
3245:Malaysia
3136:Cambodia
3093:National
2915:Hongqian
2884:Currency
2754:Treaties
2660:Kaozheng
2607:Booi Aha
2549:Hetu Ala
2502:Timeline
2497:Xinjiang
2468:Mongolia
2425:Chu Army
2400:New Army
2357:Military
2295:Viceroys
1527:40376331
688:Kimigayo
659:poem by
54:notation
4006:Georgia
3673:Sarawak
3638:Malacca
3536:Lampung
3511:Jakarta
3460:Manipur
3440:Gujarat
3345:Vietnam
3260:Myanmar
3240:Lebanon
3170:Georgia
3116:Bahrain
3106:Armenia
3086:of Asia
3084:Anthems
2900:Zhiqian
2892:Coinage
2629:Economy
2600:culture
2335:Yun-Gui
2325:Min-Zhe
2320:Sichuan
2315:Huguang
2161:Emperor
1682:History
1610:Portals
1341:Ye 2012
1170:Ye 2006
1143:Ye 2006
1066:tongbao
1056:Tongpao
91:Adopted
85:Bo Tong
52:Gongche
4437:Kuwait
4373:Persia
4365:Persia
4352:(1946)
3974:Russia
3894:Former
3769:Russia
3760:Taguig
3663:Perlis
3653:Penang
3648:Pahang
3465:Odisha
3325:Turkey
3290:Russia
3225:Kuwait
3205:Jordan
3195:Israel
3155:Cyprus
3131:Brunei
3126:Bhutan
2514:Taiwan
1690:Early
1675:topics
1525:
1494:
1434:
1415:
1378:Purity
1030:rules.
967:帝国苍穹保。
959:民物欣凫藻，
939:帝國蒼穹保。
931:民物欣鳧藻，
908:Pinyin
906:Hanyu
877:Yan Fu
868:Lyrics
813:Yan Fu
795:Jin'ou
739:Yan Fu
721:guoyue
566:
544:
522:
500:
477:
454:
432:
410:
388:
366:
344:
75:Yan Fu
71:Lyrics
4924:]
4807:]
4695:]
4645:]
4453:Qatar
4194:Korea
4138:China
4130:China
4122:China
4114:China
4106:China
4098:China
4091:Other
3885:ASEAN
3864:Tibet
3730:Capiz
3725:Bohol
3715:Albay
3668:Sabah
3658:Perak
3628:Kedah
3623:Johor
3600:Tokyo
3577:Japan
3516:Jambi
3430:Bihar
3425:Assam
3412:India
3350:Yemen
3310:Syria
3285:Qatar
3265:Nepal
3200:Japan
3175:India
3165:Egypt
3149:Macau
2706:Queue
2624:Dibao
2480:Tibet
2300:Zhili
2183:Amban
1636:Music
1624:China
1523:JSTOR
963:清时幸遭,
935:清時幸遭，
819:Music
775:Title
693:Meiji
656:jueju
645:When
81:Music
64:China
4429:Iraq
4421:Iraq
4413:Iraq
4405:Iraq
4397:Iran
4389:Iran
4381:Iran
4250:Siam
4242:Siam
4234:Siam
4079:Tuva
4071:Tuva
3811:Tuva
3735:Cebu
3560:Iraq
3506:Aceh
3270:Oman
3235:Laos
3190:Iraq
3185:Iran
3147:and
2442:Navy
2283:Ejen
2166:List
1492:ISBN
1475:2017
1455:2006
1432:ISBN
1413:ISBN
1386:Qing
1382:Qing
1372:qing
1093:qīng
1028:Qing
971:海滔滔。
969:天高高，
965:真熙皞，
961:喜同袍。
957:承天帱，
955:巩金瓯，
943:海滔滔。
941:天高高，
937:真熙皞，
933:喜同袍。
929:承天幬，
927:鞏金甌，
807:gong
704:The
153:help
148:file
4672:and
1515:doi
1459:doi
913:IPA
744:郭曾炘
254:IPA
200:巩金瓯
186:鞏金甌
36:鞏金甌
4966::
4922:zh
4805:zh
4693:zh
4643:zh
1521:,
1511:93
1509:,
1453:,
1449:,
1256:^
1217:^
1172:;
1150:^
1131:^
1099:.
890:.
835:.
791:Ou
726:溥侗
299:.
4883:)
4879:(
4510:e
4503:t
4496:v
3396:)
3392:(
3151:)
3076:e
3069:t
3062:v
1665:e
1658:t
1651:v
1612::
1597:"
1593:"
1529:.
1517::
1500:.
1477:.
1461::
1440:.
1421:.
1145:.
827:(
603:e
596:t
589:v
572:"
568:"
550:"
546:"
528:"
524:"
506:"
502:"
483:"
479:"
460:"
456:"
438:"
434:"
416:"
412:"
390:"
368:"
346:"
279:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
