473:
145:
551:. In the last case, the water in the pond was so low that the offender was merely wheeled around the town in the chair. The common law offence of common scold was extant in New Jersey until struck down in 1972 by Circuit Judge McCann who found it had been subsumed in the provisions of the Disorderly Conduct Act of 1898, was bad for vagueness and offended the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution for sex discrimination. Long before this decision, the punishment of ducking, together with all other forms of
133:
375:
752:
36:
644:
includes dishonest tradesmen as well as disorderly women and scolds as people for whom the cucking-stool was used and cites its use in Vienna and that "The punishment of the ducking stool cannot be inflicted in
Pennsylvania." which by implication suggests that it could be used in some other parts of
419:
In medieval times until the early 18th century, ducking was a way used to establish whether a suspect was a witch. The ducking stools were first used for this purpose but ducking was later inflicted without the chair. In this instance the subject's right thumb was bound to her left big toe. A rope
226:
The term "cucking-stool" is older, with written records dating back to the 13th and 14th centuries. Written records for the name "ducking stool" appear from 1597, and a statement in 1769 relates that "ducking-stool" is a corruption of the term "cucking-stool". Whereas a cucking-stool could be and
350:
Both seem to have become more common in the second half of the sixteenth century. It has been suggested this reflected developing strains in gender relations, but it may simply be a result of the differential survival of records. The cucking-stool appears to have still been in use as late as the
406:
on the edge of a pond or river. Sometimes, however, the ducking-stool was not a fixture but was mounted on a pair of wooden wheels so that it could be wheeled through the streets, and at the river-edge was hung by a chain from the end of a beam. In sentencing a woman the magistrates ordered the
382:
The ducking-stool was a strongly-made wooden armchair (the surviving specimens are of oak) in which the offender was seated, an iron band being placed around them so that they should not fall out during their immersion. The earliest record of the use of such is towards the beginning of the 17th
206:
The stools were technical devices which formed part of the wider method of law enforcement through social humiliation. A common alternative was a court order to recite one's crimes or sins after Mass or in the market place on market day or informal action such as a
304:, a name which seems to confirm the first of the derivations suggested in the footnote below. Tied to this stool the woman—her head and feet bare—was publicly exposed at her door or paraded through the streets amidst the jeers of the crowd.
420:
was tied around the waist of the accused and she was thrown into a river or deep pond. If she floated, it was deemed that she was in league with the devil, rejecting the baptismal water. If she sank, she was "cleared. And dead".
411:. It was a chair on two wheels with two long shafts fixed to the axles. This was pushed into the pond and then the shafts released, thus tipping the chair up backwards. Sometimes the punishment proved fatal and the subject died.
227:
was used for humiliation with or without dunking the person in water, the name "ducking-stool" came to be used more specifically for those cucking-stools on an oscillating plank which were used to duck the person into water.
211:. They were usually of local manufacture with no standard design. Most were simply chairs into which the offender could be tied and exposed at her door or the site of her offence. Some were on wheels like a
917:
767:
235:
A ballad, dating from about 1615, called "The
Cucking of a Scold", illustrates the punishment inflicted to women whose behaviour made them be identified as "a Scold":
621:
887:
672:
695:
649:
832:
668:. "Cucking-stool" has references in 1215-70 and c.1308, including the use of the cucking-stool for immersion in water (c1308, 1534, 1633).
1052:
909:
772:
1013:
1057:
1047:
311:
is known to have been in use from about 1215. It means literally "defecation chair", as its name is derived from the old verb
442:
100:
972:
535:, Laurel and Hardy are sentenced to the ducking stool, followed by banishment to Boogeyland, for burgling Barnaby's house.
392:
72:
879:
793:
1042:
862:
727:
607:
119:
79:
374:
522:
319:
and has not quite been rid of in many parts of the
English speaking world as "to cack" (defecate) (akin to Dutch
86:
57:
53:
1037:
17:
943:
555:, had become unlawful under the provisions of the New Jersey Constitution of 1844 or even as early as 1776.
472:
531:
163:, and dishonest tradesmen in medieval Europe and elsewhere at later times. The ducking-stool was a form of
68:
485:
337:
669:
498:, continues to house a replica ducking stool, at the site where punishments were once carried out.
453:
353:
829:
196:
46:
1062:
719:
713:
692:
646:
595:
492:. The town clock, commissioned for the Millennium, features a moving ducking stool depiction.
800:
757:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
445:. There is also a ducking chair in Canterbury, where the High Street meets the River Stour.
495:
93:
219:. Some were put on poles so that they could be plunged into water, hence "ducking" stool.
8:
552:
144:
596:"The Taming of the Scold: Enforcement of Patriarchal Authority in Early Modern England"
176:
858:
810:
788:
723:
613:
603:
910:"Canterbury's ducking stool at centre of debate after opponents suggest its removal"
223:
or pillories were similarly used for the punishment of men or women by humiliation.
407:
number of duckings she should have. Yet another type of ducking-stool was called a
384:
327:
188:
1032:
964:
836:
699:
676:
653:
547:(1808); Jenny Pipes, a "notorious scold" (1809), and Sarah Leeke (1817), both of
192:
569:
137:
1016: (Superior Court of New Jersey, Law Division (Criminal) 13 July 1972).
321:
1026:
994:
763:
758:
574:
489:
396:
288:
171:
617:
448:
A surviving ducking stool is on public display outside the
Criminal Museum (
378:
Ducking or cucking stool, a historical punishment for the common scold, 1896
271:
200:
184:
160:
243:
208:
132:
776:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 631.
548:
477:
266:
564:
35:
544:
148:
Punishing a woman accused of excessive arguing in the ducking stool
939:
461:
457:
434:
408:
402:
Usually, the chair was fastened to a long wooden beam fixed as a
343:
293:
212:
180:
670:
http://oed.com/view/Entry/45498?redirectedFrom=cucking-stool#eid
507:
313:
276:
164:
403:
388:
220:
216:
159:
were chairs formerly used for punishment of disorderly women,
438:
693:
http://oed.com/view/Entry/58195?redirectedFrom=ducking+stool
647:
http://oed.com/view/Entry/58195?redirectedFrom=ducking+stool
602:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–136.
506:
There is a reference from about 1378 to a ducking stool as
520:
A type of ducking stool can be seen briefly in the film
169:, or "women's punishment", as referred to in Langland's
543:
The last recorded cases are those of a Mrs Ganble at
341:), rather than, as popularly believed, from the word
857:. Themes in history. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 164.
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
364:Some towns, I fear, would not their numbers hold.
484:A complete ducking stool is on public display in
1024:
383:century, with the term being first attested in
414:
362:Now, if one cucking-stool was for each scold,
880:"After Toil and Trouble, 'Witch' Is Cleared"
298:
679:and ...ducking-stool accessed 27 Nov 2012.
600:Order and Disorder in Early Modern England
598:. In Fletcher, A.; Stephenson, J. (eds.).
270:, has a long history, and was used by the
1014:120 N.J. Super. 336 (1972) McCann JCC
965:"A ghoulish tour of medieval punishments"
940:"Home - Mittelalterliches Kriminalmuseum"
855:Witches and witch-hunts: a global history
852:
593:
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1009:State of New Jersey v. Marion Palendrano
762:
745:
743:
741:
739:
471:
373:
143:
131:
877:
711:
14:
1025:
907:
843:Spring, 2003. Accessed 30 Sept. 2012.
736:
718:. Harvard University Press. pp.
529:In the Laurel and Hardy feature film
443:Collegiate Church of St Mary, Warwick
428:
839:: Colonial Crimes and Punishments."
456:, a well-preserved medieval town in
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
1053:Imprisonment and detention of women
423:
24:
920:from the original on 13 March 2022
794:Curious Punishments of Bygone Days
183:both primarily for the offense of
25:
1074:
501:
369:
230:
215:that could be dragged around the
175:(1378). They were instruments of
750:
34:
1058:Medieval instruments of torture
1048:European instruments of torture
1001:
986:
975:from the original on 2017-09-15
957:
946:from the original on 2023-06-24
932:
901:
890:from the original on 2022-02-28
624:from the original on 2024-01-30
523:Monty Python and the Holy Grail
256:And thus unto the cucking stool
45:needs additional citations for
878:Shapira, Ian (July 12, 2006).
871:
846:
841:Colonial Williamsburg Journal,
822:
817:, vols. i. and ii. (1860–1862)
705:
682:
659:
635:
587:
13:
1:
580:
437:of a ducking stool is in the
387:in 1597. It was used both in
908:Wright, Joe (12 June 2020).
853:Behringer, Wolfgang (2004).
480:, England; last used in 1809
252:Neats tongues about her neck
248:Stripped naked to the smock,
7:
830:Bilboes, Brands, and Branks
558:
467:
240:Then was the Scold herself,
10:
1079:
768:Ducking and Cucking Stools
712:Rollins, Hyder E. (1971).
515:
415:Use in identifying witches
258:This famous scold did go.
250:As in that case she ought:
689:Oxford English Dictionary
666:Oxford English Dictionary
642:Oxford English Dictionary
594:Underdown, David (1985).
538:
476:Replica ducking stool at
1043:Early Modern witch hunts
512:("women's punishment"),
454:Rothenburg ob der Tauber
773:Encyclopædia Britannica
508:
351:mid-18th century, with
314:
277:
254:Were hung in open show;
165:
481:
379:
367:
299:
263:The cucking-stool, or
261:
149:
141:
138:Pearson Scott Foresman
702:accessed 27 Nov 2012.
656:accessed 27 Nov 2012.
475:
377:
359:
354:Poor Robin's Almanack
286:. It is mentioned in
237:
147:
135:
1038:Corporal punishments
783:Old Time Punishments
496:Christchurch, Dorset
274:, who called it the
136:Illustration from a
54:improve this article
805:Faiths and Folklore
553:corporal punishment
357:of 1746 observing:
292:as being in use at
191:and less often for
835:2019-08-10 at the
715:A Pepysian Garland
698:2023-06-08 at the
675:2018-10-27 at the
652:2023-06-08 at the
482:
429:Surviving examples
380:
300:cathedra stercoris
197:illegitimate child
177:public humiliation
150:
142:
811:Llewellynn Jewitt
486:Leominster Priory
130:
129:
122:
104:
27:Punishment chairs
16:(Redirected from
1070:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
990:
984:
983:
981:
980:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
936:
930:
929:
927:
925:
914:KentOnline.co.uk
905:
899:
898:
896:
895:
875:
869:
868:
850:
844:
826:
820:
777:
756:
754:
753:
747:
734:
733:
709:
703:
686:
680:
663:
657:
639:
633:
632:
630:
629:
591:
532:Babes in Toyland
511:
424:Notable examples
393:English colonies
317:
302:
280:
209:Skimmington ride
195:like bearing an
168:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1020:
1007:
1006:
1002:
991:
987:
978:
976:
971:. 2 July 2016.
963:
962:
958:
949:
947:
938:
937:
933:
923:
921:
906:
902:
893:
891:
884:Washington Post
876:
872:
865:
851:
847:
837:Wayback Machine
828:Cox, James A. "
827:
823:
797:(Chicago, 1896)
766:, ed. (1911). "
751:
749:
748:
737:
730:
710:
706:
700:Wayback Machine
687:
683:
677:Wayback Machine
664:
660:
654:Wayback Machine
640:
636:
627:
625:
610:
592:
588:
583:
561:
541:
518:
504:
470:
431:
426:
417:
372:
366:
363:
296:, being called
260:
257:
255:
253:
251:
249:
247:
241:
233:
193:sexual offences
126:
115:
109:
106:
69:"Ducking stool"
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1019:
1018:
1000:
985:
956:
942:. 2021-07-05.
931:
900:
870:
863:
845:
821:
819:
818:
808:
807:(London, 1905)
798:
786:
764:Chisholm, Hugh
735:
728:
704:
681:
658:
634:
608:
585:
584:
582:
579:
578:
577:
572:
570:Village stocks
567:
560:
557:
540:
537:
517:
514:
503:
502:Early mentions
500:
469:
466:
450:Kriminalmuseum
430:
427:
425:
422:
416:
413:
371:
370:Ducking-stools
368:
360:
284:scolding stool
238:
232:
231:Cucking-stools
229:
157:cucking stools
153:Ducking stools
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1075:
1064:
1063:Water torture
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1010:
1004:
997:
996:
995:Piers Plowman
989:
974:
970:
966:
960:
945:
941:
935:
919:
915:
911:
904:
889:
885:
881:
874:
866:
864:0-7456-2718-8
860:
856:
849:
842:
838:
834:
831:
825:
816:
815:The Reliquary
812:
809:
806:
802:
801:W. C. Hazlitt
799:
796:
795:
790:
787:
784:
780:
779:
775:
774:
769:
765:
760:
759:public domain
746:
744:
742:
740:
731:
729:0-674-66185-0
725:
721:
717:
716:
708:
701:
697:
694:
690:
685:
678:
674:
671:
667:
662:
655:
651:
648:
643:
638:
623:
619:
615:
611:
609:0-521-25294-6
605:
601:
597:
590:
586:
576:
575:Waterboarding
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
562:
556:
554:
550:
546:
536:
534:
533:
527:
525:
524:
513:
510:
499:
497:
493:
491:
490:Herefordshire
487:
479:
474:
465:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
444:
440:
436:
421:
412:
410:
405:
400:
398:
397:North America
394:
390:
386:
376:
365:
358:
356:
355:
348:
346:
345:
340:
339:
334:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
316:
310:
309:cucking-stool
305:
303:
301:
295:
291:
290:
289:Domesday Book
285:
281:
279:
273:
269:
268:
259:
245:
236:
228:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:
172:Piers Plowman
167:
162:
158:
154:
146:
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
18:Cucking stool
1008:
1003:
993:
988:
977:. Retrieved
968:
959:
948:. Retrieved
934:
922:. Retrieved
913:
903:
892:. Retrieved
883:
873:
854:
848:
840:
824:
814:
804:
792:
785:(Hull, 1890)
782:
781:W. Andrews,
771:
714:
707:
688:
684:
665:
661:
641:
637:
626:. Retrieved
599:
589:
542:
530:
528:
521:
519:
505:
494:
483:
449:
447:
432:
418:
401:
381:
361:
352:
349:
342:
336:
332:
326:
320:
312:
308:
306:
297:
287:
283:
275:
264:
262:
239:
234:
225:
205:
201:prostitution
170:
156:
152:
151:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
992:Langland's
789:A. M. Earle
778:Citations:
391:and in the
244:wheelbarrow
1027:Categories
979:2017-07-10
950:2023-06-19
894:2010-10-22
645:the USA.
628:2018-05-31
581:References
549:Leominster
509:wymen pine
478:Leominster
338:κακός/κακή
325:and Latin
267:Repentance
189:backbiting
166:wymen pine
80:newspapers
998:, B.V.29.
565:Dunk tank
307:The term
278:scealding
265:Stool of
140:text book
973:Archived
969:BBC News
944:Archived
918:Archived
888:Archived
833:Archived
696:Archived
673:Archived
650:Archived
622:Archived
618:17289313
559:See also
545:Plymouth
526:(1975).
468:Replicas
246:brought,
185:scolding
110:May 2023
924:6 April
761::
516:In film
462:Germany
458:Bavaria
441:of the
435:tumbrel
409:tumbrel
385:English
344:cuckold
294:Chester
213:tumbrel
181:censure
94:scholar
1033:Chairs
1012:,
861:
755:
726:
616:
606:
539:Demise
404:seesaw
389:Europe
335:Greek
328:cacāre
322:kakken
315:cukken
272:Saxons
221:Stocks
217:parish
161:scolds
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
720:72–77
452:) in
439:crypt
242:In a
101:JSTOR
87:books
926:2022
859:ISBN
724:ISBN
614:OCLC
604:ISBN
433:The
179:and
73:news
813:in
770:".
691:.
395:of
333:cf.
282:or
199:or
187:or
155:or
56:by
1029::
967:.
916:.
912:.
886:.
882:.
803:,
791:,
738:^
722:.
620:.
612:.
488:,
464:.
460:,
399:.
347:.
331:;
203:.
982:.
953:.
928:.
897:.
867:.
732:.
631:.
123:)
117:(
112:)
108:(
98:·
91:·
84:·
77:·
50:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.png)
