31:
155:
637:
458:
178:, Birmingham, to enquire whether a copper-chromium alloy with higher thermal conductivity would have sufficient high temperature strength to be used for this purpose. With the same cylinder volume and using the new material, the horsepower per cylinder was raised from 110 hp (82 kW) to 220 hp (160 kW).
169:
large radial, making the
Centaurus one of the largest aircraft piston engines to enter production, while that of the Hercules was 2,363 cu in (38.7 L). The nearly 40 per cent higher capacity was achieved by increasing the stroke from 6.5 to 7 inches (165 to 178 mm) and by changing
229:
The 373 was the most powerful version of the
Centaurus and was intended for the Blackburn Beverley transport aircraft. Using direct fuel injection, it achieved a remarkable 3,220 hp (2,400 kW), but was never fitted. A projected enlarged capacity version of the Centaurus was designed by Sir
181:
Bristol maintained the
Centaurus from type-testing in 1938, but production did not start until 1942, owing to the need to get the Hercules into production and improve the reliability of the entire engine line. Nor was there any real need for the larger engine at this early point in the war, when
437:– 2,625 hp (1,957 kW), civil engine with two-speed full/medium supercharger, a front cover suitable for braking propeller, front ignition, 150 hp (110 kW) accessory drive, improved sleeve timing and dynamic suspension mounting. The
427:– 2,450 hp (1,830 kW), civil engine with single-speed medium supercharger, a front cover suitable for braking propeller, front ignition, 150 hp (110 kW) accessory drive, improved sleeve timing and dynamic suspension mounting. The
225:
gas turbines on the Mark II giving a 100 mph (160 km/h) faster cruising speed at 10,000 ft (3,000 m) higher altitude. By the end of the war in Europe, around 2,500 examples of the
Centaurus had been produced by Bristol.
383:– 2,625 hp (1,957 kW), two-speed full/medium supercharger, a front cover suitable for braking propeller, front ignition, 150 hp (110 kW) accessory drive, improved sleeve timing and dynamic suspension mounting. The
567:
operated a Hawker Sea Fury powered by a
Bristol Centaurus engine until it was destroyed in an accident on 28 April 2021 whilst attempting a forced landing following a failure and seizure of its Bristol Centaurus XVIII engine:
1097:
173:
The cylinder heads had an indentation like an inverted top hat, which was finned, but it was difficult to get air down into this hollow to adequately cool the head. During development, Bristol contacted
182:
most military aircraft designs had a requirement for engines of about 1,000 hp (746 kW). The
Hercules power of about 1,500 hp (1,119 kW) was better suited to the existing airframes.
170:
to two rows of nine cylinders instead of two rows of seven. The diameter of the
Centaurus was only just over 6 per cent greater than the Hercules in spite of its much greater swept volume.
238:, this development was also a two-row, 18 cylinder sleeve valve engine, with the displacement increased to 4,142 cu in (67,875.2 cm) , nearly as large as the American
1181:
Allied
Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II
1094:
131:. The Centaurus is an 18-cylinder, two-row design that eventually delivered over 3,000 hp (2,200 kW). The engine was introduced into service late in the
234:; cylinders were produced for this engine, but it was never built. Known as the Bristol Orion, a name used previously for a variant of the Jupiter engine and
311:– 2,300 hp (1,700 kW), was a development of the Centaurus IV with twin-turbine entry supercharger, redesigned propeller reduction gear and Hobson-
221:
I Mark 1 prototype aircraft until the
Brabazon trans-Atlantic airliner programme was cancelled. The eight Centaurus engines were to be replaced with eight
162:
The
Centaurus had a cylinder swept volume of 3,272 cu in (53.6 L), nearly as much as the American 3,347.9 cu in (54.9 L)
1626:
958:
571:
1236:
143:
Like other Bristol sleeve valve engines, the Centaurus was based on the design knowledge acquired from an earlier design, in this case the
373:– 2,470 hp (1,840 kW), a modified Centaurus 57 with two-speed full/medium supercharger and methanol/water injector. The
1641:
847:
620:
239:
421:– 2,470 hp (1,840 kW), a civil engine with two-speed full/medium supercharger modified from the Centaurus 58.
1631:
1229:
1188:
1169:
1154:
1140:
1126:
942:
242:
four-row, 28-cylinder radial, the largest displacement aviation radial engine ever placed in quantity production.
147:
cylinder. The Centaurus used 18 Perseus cylinders. The same cylinder was in use in the contemporary 14-cylinder
625:
345:– 2,470 hp (1,840 kW), a development of the Centaurus XII with modified supercharger and injector. The
572:
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/628cd96cd3bf7f1f47c65ebc/Hawker_Sea_Fury_T_Mk_20_G-RNHF_07-22.pdf
903:
590:
397:– 2,625 hp (1,957 kW), a development of the Centaurus 160 with single-speed medium supercharger. The
1636:
1448:
1222:
852:
312:
163:
600:
1200:
966:
1575:
564:
1439:
1260:
1245:
118:
59:
359:– 2,470 hp (1,840 kW), a modified Centaurus 57 with single-speed medium supercharger. The
1474:
1454:
869:
1605:
1565:
1507:
1464:
615:
1570:
805:
605:
281:
was similar to the Centaurus V with master connecting rods in cylinder numbers 7 and 8. The
1264:
595:
495:
1214:
377:
was a civil model, modified from the Centaurus 100 with single-speed medium supercharger.
185:
The Centaurus did not enter service until near the end of the war, first appearing on the
8:
1459:
1444:
692:
490:
485:
475:
214:
206:
175:
95:
1209:
291:– 2,400 hp (1,800 kW), two-speed medium/full supercharger and rigid mounting.
267:– 2,300 hp (1,700 kW), two-speed medium/full supercharger and rigid mounting.
610:
515:
510:
480:
210:
194:
1184:
1165:
1150:
1136:
1122:
938:
899:
796:
585:
581:
Preserved Bristol Centaurus engines are on public display at the following museums:
151:, which was being brought into production when the design of the Centaurus started.
1408:
1379:
1249:
825:
520:
500:
462:
336:
218:
148:
132:
83:
445:
was a Centaurus 660 with methanol/water injection for improved takeoff power, the
1522:
1517:
1502:
1497:
1469:
1389:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1252:
1101:
857:
842:
683:
551:
531:
505:
273:– 2,500 hp (1,900 kW), two-speed full/medium supercharger with cropped
222:
202:
190:
186:
144:
128:
91:
87:
49:
1600:
1394:
1369:
1360:
1283:
837:
546:
541:
536:
525:
198:
79:
30:
1620:
1556:
1512:
1416:
1347:
1307:
1302:
1293:
787:
753:
674:
668:
391:
was a Centaurus 161 with improved power section and methanol/water fittings.
316:
258:
235:
125:
213:. The engine also entered service after the war in a civilian airliner, the
1546:
1541:
1357:
735:
728:
642:
405:
was a Centaurus 171 with methanol/water injection and accessory drive. The
254:
122:
898:. Historical Series No 26. Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. pp. 175, 179.
1411:
1274:
364:
135:
and was one of the most powerful aircraft piston engines to see service.
1147:
World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day
409:
was a Centaurus 173 with modified valve port timings and reduced boost.
1595:
1488:
723:
707:
231:
154:
1484:
367:-type reduction gear and 150 hp (110 kW) accessory drive.
335:– 2,360 hp (1,760 kW), a dual-installation engine for the
1430:
1426:
636:
457:
274:
329:– 2,470 hp (1,840 kW), was similar to the Centaurus XV.
1532:
756:
323:
was a development of the Centaurus VII with flexible mounting.
46:
1210:
Video of a cutaway engine in motion illustrating its operation
441:
was a Centaurus 660 with torquemeter-type reduction gear. The
401:
was a Centaurus 170 with torquemeter-type reduction gear. The
387:
was a Centaurus 160 with torquemeter-type reduction gear. The
305:
was similar to the Centaurus IX with methanol/water fittings.
285:
was similar to the Centaurus VI with methanol/water fittings.
1244:
415:– 2,370 hp (1,770 kW), a modified Centaurus 173.
449:
was a Centaurus 662 with torquemeter-type reduction gear.
431:
was a Centaurus 630 with torquemeter-type reduction gear.
1011:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
993:
528:(the Fo.108 was a testbed aircraft for various engines)
253:– 2,000 hp (1,500 kW), two-speed full/medium
1067:
353:
was a modified Centaurus 58 with a flexible mounting.
1183:. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International, 1995.
1042:
1023:
990:
1201:Period advertisement for the Bristol Centaurus -
631:
1618:
641:A Centaurus with cylinders removed exposing the
189:. Other wartime, or postwar, uses included the
1230:
919:
917:
915:
1237:
1223:
965:. 11 May 1956. p. 572. Archived from
783:2,520 hp (1,880 kW) at 2,700 rpm
658:
1627:Aircraft air-cooled radial piston engines
1162:British Piston Engines and Their Aircraft
1135:. Cambridge, UK. Patrick Stephens, 2006.
912:
654:British Piston Engines and Their Aircraft
138:
1149:. 5th edition, Stroud, UK: Sutton, 2006.
1119:Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II
792:0.77 hp/cu in (35.0 kW/L)
635:
456:
257:and left-hand tractor drive. Run on 100
153:
1159:
1073:
1061:
1036:
1017:
1005:
893:
301:were similar to the Centaurus VII. The
158:Sectioned cylinder showing sleeve valve
1619:
1164:. Shrewsbury: Airlife Publishing Ltd.
937:. History Press Limited. p. 100.
932:
848:Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp
1218:
1095:Royal Navy Historic Flight - Aircraft
621:Dumfries and Galloway Aviation Museum
576:
349:was a modified Centaurus 57, and the
297:– 2,500 hp (1,900 kW), and
240:Pratt & Whitney R-4360 Wasp Major
16:1930s British piston aircraft engine
740:Two-speed centrifugal, single stage
697:3,270 cu in (53.6 L)
616:Shuttleworth Collection, Old Warden
13:
1133:Development of Piston Aero Engines
363:was a lightened Centaurus 70 with
14:
1653:
1194:
896:Fedden-the life of Sir Roy Fedden
810:0.94 hp/lb (1.55 kW/kg)
667:18-cylinder, air-cooled, two-row
117:was the final development of the
38:Bristol Centaurus engine cutaway
626:San Diego Air & Space Museum
315:injector and vertically mounted
29:
1111:
1088:
1079:
923:Bridgman (Jane's) 1998, p. 270.
452:
339:, similar to the Centaurus 57.
981:
951:
926:
887:
774:
632:Specifications (Centaurus VII)
591:Aerospace Museum of California
1:
1642:1930s aircraft piston engines
875:
716:
712:2,695 lb (1,222 kg)
236:later re-used for a turboprop
1275:Horizontally opposed engines
853:Wright R-3350 Duplex-Cyclone
703:55.3 in (1,400 mm)
558:
7:
814:
764:Direct-pressure lubrication
601:Imperial War Museum Duxford
245:
10:
1658:
1117:Bridgman, L, (ed.) (1998)
933:Simons, Graham M. (2012).
688:7.00 in (178 mm)
679:5.75 in (146 mm)
565:Royal Navy Historic Flight
532:Hawker Fury & Sea Fury
461:Bristol Centaurus powered
1588:
1555:
1531:
1483:
1425:
1407:
1356:
1292:
1273:
1261:Bristol Aeroplane Company
1259:
217:and was also used in the
60:Bristol Aeroplane Company
37:
28:
23:
1632:Bristol aircraft engines
1104:Retrieved: 5 August 2009
880:
870:List of aircraft engines
731:, four ports per sleeve
659:General characteristics
1160:Lumsden, Alec (1994).
894:Gunston, Bill (1998).
647:
465:
159:
139:Design and development
119:Bristol Engine Company
806:Power-to-weight ratio
639:
606:London Science Museum
460:
157:
1637:Sleeve valve engines
1100:15 June 2009 at the
987:Gunston 2006, p.152.
596:Fleet Air Arm Museum
1020:, pp. 125–126.
959:"Aero Engines 1956"
820:Related development
491:Blackburn Firecrest
486:Blackburn Firebrand
476:Airspeed Ambassador
215:Airspeed Ambassador
207:Blackburn Firebrand
176:ICI Metals Division
96:Airspeed Ambassador
832:Comparable engines
648:
611:Midland Air Museum
577:Engines on display
516:Bristol Buckmaster
511:Bristol Buckingham
481:Blackburn Beverley
466:
160:
75:Major applications
1614:
1613:
1584:
1583:
1403:
1402:
1085:List from Lumsden
969:on 27 August 2016
797:Compression ratio
586:Aerospace Bristol
111:
110:
1649:
1423:
1422:
1409:Bristol Siddeley
1271:
1270:
1250:Bristol Siddeley
1239:
1232:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1175:
1105:
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1083:
1077:
1071:
1065:
1059:
1040:
1034:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
988:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
955:
949:
948:
935:Bristol Brabazon
930:
924:
921:
910:
909:
891:
826:Bristol Hercules
521:Fairey Spearfish
501:Bristol Brabazon
463:Fairey Spearfish
337:Bristol Brabazon
219:Bristol Brabazon
133:Second World War
129:aircraft engines
104:
84:Bristol Brabazon
76:
33:
21:
20:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1646:
1617:
1616:
1615:
1610:
1580:
1551:
1527:
1503:Coupled Proteus
1479:
1414:
1399:
1352:
1288:
1263:
1255:
1243:
1197:
1179:White, Graham.
1172:
1145:Gunston, Bill.
1131:Gunston, Bill.
1114:
1109:
1108:
1102:Wayback Machine
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1072:
1068:
1060:
1043:
1035:
1024:
1016:
1012:
1004:
991:
986:
982:
972:
970:
957:
956:
952:
945:
931:
927:
922:
913:
906:
892:
888:
883:
878:
858:Shvetsov ASh-73
843:Nakajima Homare
817:
777:
768:Cooling system:
719:
661:
646:
634:
579:
561:
556:
552:Vickers Warwick
506:Bristol Brigand
455:
327:Centaurus XVIII
248:
223:Bristol Proteus
191:Bristol Brigand
187:Vickers Warwick
145:Bristol Perseus
141:
102:
94:
92:Hawker Sea Fury
90:
88:Vickers Warwick
86:
82:
74:
50:aircraft engine
17:
12:
11:
5:
1655:
1645:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1601:Stanley Hooker
1598:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1557:Rocket engines
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1500:
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1478:
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1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1442:
1436:
1434:
1420:
1417:rocket engines
1405:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1366:
1364:
1361:radial engines
1354:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1299:
1297:
1294:Radial engines
1290:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1268:
1265:Piston engines
1257:
1256:
1242:
1241:
1234:
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1219:
1213:
1212:
1207:
1196:
1195:External links
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1177:
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1157:
1143:
1129:
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1110:
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1106:
1087:
1078:
1076:, p. 128.
1074:Lumsden (1994)
1066:
1064:, p. 127.
1062:Lumsden (1994)
1041:
1039:, p. 126.
1037:Lumsden (1994)
1022:
1018:Lumsden (1994)
1010:
1008:, p. 125.
1006:Lumsden (1994)
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838:Alfa Romeo 135
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788:Specific power
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526:Folland Fo.108
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283:Centaurus VIII
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199:Hawker Tempest
166:Duplex-Cyclone
164:Wright R-3350
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99:
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80:Hawker Tempest
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1204:
1199:
1198:
1190:
1189:1-56091-655-9
1186:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1171:1-85310-294-6
1167:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1155:0-7509-4479-X
1152:
1148:
1144:
1142:
1141:0-7509-4478-1
1138:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1127:0-517-67964-7
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1120:
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1103:
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864:Related lists
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781:Power output:
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669:radial engine
666:
663:
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652:
644:
643:sleeve valves
638:
627:
624:
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619:
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569:
566:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
473:
471:
470:
464:
459:
450:
448:
447:Centaurus 663
444:
443:Centaurus 662
440:
439:Centaurus 661
436:
435:Centaurus 660
432:
430:
429:Centaurus 631
426:
425:Centaurus 630
422:
420:
419:Centaurus 568
416:
414:
413:Centaurus 373
410:
408:
407:Centaurus 175
404:
403:Centaurus 173
400:
399:Centaurus 171
396:
395:Centaurus 170
392:
390:
389:Centaurus 165
386:
385:Centaurus 161
382:
381:Centaurus 160
378:
376:
375:Centaurus 130
372:
371:Centaurus 100
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
340:
338:
334:
330:
328:
324:
322:
318:
317:starter motor
314:
310:
309:Centaurus XII
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
290:
289:Centaurus VII
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
266:
262:
260:
256:
252:
243:
241:
237:
233:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
179:
177:
171:
168:
167:
156:
152:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
127:
124:
121:'s series of
120:
116:
106:
101:
100:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
73:
72:
68:
65:
64:
61:
58:
56:Manufacturer
55:
54:
51:
48:
45:
42:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1606:Gordon Lewis
1440:Gyron Junior
1384:
1374:
1358:Sleeve valve
1253:aero engines
1202:
1180:
1161:
1146:
1132:
1121:. Crescent.
1118:
1112:Bibliography
1090:
1081:
1069:
1013:
983:
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
962:
953:
934:
928:
895:
889:
863:
862:
831:
830:
819:
818:
804:
795:
786:
780:
767:
761:
749:
744:Fuel system:
743:
736:Supercharger
734:
729:Sleeve valve
722:
706:
700:
693:Displacement
691:
682:
673:
664:
653:
650:
649:
580:
570:
562:
496:Breda BZ.308
468:
467:
453:Applications
446:
442:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
406:
402:
398:
394:
393:
388:
384:
380:
379:
374:
370:
369:
361:Centaurus 71
360:
357:Centaurus 70
356:
355:
351:Centaurus 59
350:
347:Centaurus 58
346:
343:Centaurus 57
342:
341:
333:Centaurus XX
332:
331:
326:
325:
321:Centaurus XV
320:
308:
307:
302:
299:Centaurus XI
298:
295:Centaurus IX
294:
293:
288:
287:
282:
279:Centaurus VI
278:
270:
269:
265:Centaurus IV
264:
263:
255:supercharger
250:
249:
228:
184:
180:
172:
165:
161:
142:
123:sleeve valve
114:
112:
103:Number built
18:
1489:Turboshafts
1419:(1959-1966)
1412:gas turbine
1267:(1920-1956)
973:12 December
775:Performance
762:Oil system:
365:torquemeter
303:Centaurus X
271:Centaurus V
251:Centaurus I
1621:Categories
1596:Roy Fedden
1485:Turboprops
1205:, May 1949
905:1872922139
876:References
770:Air-cooled
750:Fuel type:
724:Valvetrain
717:Components
708:Dry weight
232:Roy Fedden
195:Buckmaster
69:July 1938
66:First run
24:Centaurus
1589:Designers
1431:Turbofans
1427:Turbojets
1375:Centaurus
746:Injection
701:Diameter:
651:Data from
559:Survivors
275:impellers
115:Centaurus
107:c. 2,500
1449:variants
1380:Hercules
1098:Archived
815:See also
752:100/130
246:Variants
211:Beverley
205:and the
203:Sea Fury
149:Hercules
1576:Stentor
1533:Ramjets
1523:Theseus
1518:Proteus
1470:Phoebus
1460:Pegasus
1455:Orpheus
1447: (
1445:Olympus
1390:Perseus
1343:Phoenix
1338:Pegasus
1328:Neptune
1323:Mercury
1318:Lucifer
1313:Jupiter
1246:Bristol
1566:BS.605
1508:Nimbus
1498:BS.360
1465:BS.100
1395:Taurus
1370:Aquila
1284:Cherub
1203:Flight
1187:
1168:
1153:
1139:
1125:
963:Flight
941:
902:
757:petrol
754:Octane
684:Stroke
319:. The
277:. The
261:fuel.
259:octane
126:radial
47:Piston
1571:Gamma
1513:Orion
1475:Viper
1385:Orion
1348:Titan
1333:Orion
1308:Hydra
1303:Draco
881:Notes
801:7.2:1
665:Type:
469:Note:
43:Type
1547:Odin
1542:Thor
1415:and
1185:ISBN
1166:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1137:ISBN
1123:ISBN
975:2014
939:ISBN
900:ISBN
675:Bore
563:The
209:and
201:and
193:and
113:The
313:RAE
1623::
1487:/
1429:/
1248:/
1044:^
1025:^
992:^
961:.
914:^
197:,
1559::
1535::
1491::
1451:)
1433::
1363::
1296::
1277::
1238:e
1231:t
1224:v
1176:.
1174:.
977:.
947:.
908:.
808::
799::
790::
738::
726::
710::
695::
686::
677::
645:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
