556:
141:
110:
129:
98:
707:
695:
37:
683:
672:
through the French camp that the
Spanish were massacring the outposts. At 3:00 AM firing broke out between the pickets of both sides. Numbers of French troops panicked and fled back to Perpignan. That night, Bonaventure Benet, a priest who helped bury the French dead, spied out the location of each French unit and sent this information to Spanish headquarters.
676:
the 2nd
Battalion of Haute-Garonne counterattacked but were repulsed by the Spanish soldiers' disciplined ranks. The French began to abandon their camp and artillery. While his horsemen covered the retreat, Mirabel was wounded in the leg by an exploding howitzer shell. De Flers personally rallied one battalion, but it was driven off by the Spanish cavalry.
675:
On 19 May, Sauret was wounded in the leg and his battalion lost heart and retreated. Exploiting this withdrawal, Ricardos ordered Osuna to break into the camp supported by the fire of 14 cannons. To counter Osuna's attack, Dagobert sent help from the right flank. The
Bezieres Volunteer Battalion and
599:
De Flers' staff worked out a plan whereby the French artillery would bombard the
Spanish positions, pinning their infantry in place. Then the French left wing would make a feint attack against the Spanish right. After this distraction, the reinforced right wing would deliver the main French assault.
463:
pieces on 20 April. The clash ended disastrously for the 1800 French, who quickly took fright and ran away. Between 100 and 200 Frenchmen were casualties while another 200 drowned trying to swim across the Tech. Ricardos admitted losing only 17 men wounded in the skirmish. The
Captain General left a
747:
began on 23 May and lasted until 24 June when
Colonel Boisbrulé surrendered the 1,450 surviving members of the garrison. Another 30 men had been killed and 56 wounded. The fortress was armed with 41 cannons and seven mortars. Ricardos maintained 6,000 Spanish troops and 34 guns in the siege lines.
731:
credited the
Spanish army with only 7,000 men in six line battalions, eight grenadier companies, and 30 provincial militia companies. He listed French casualties as 150 killed and 280 wounded, with three 6-pound cannons and six ammunition wagons becoming prizes of the Spanish. The Spanish admitted
759:
on the east to the mill of Orles on the west. As a result of the battle, Dagobert was elevated in rank to divisional general, while Sauret was promoted to colonel. On the
Spanish side, Osuna proved to be a difficult subordinate and was transferred to the Army of Navarre in the western Pyrenees in
671:
and Kervéguen stood. Kervéguen's counterattack against
Cajigal's horsemen failed and Dugua's guns had to cover the withdrawal of Kervéguen's soldiers. Evening found the French line still intact but stretched by trying to hold back their adversaries' superior numbers. In the night, a rumor swept
726:
to house the refugees. De Flers issued an address, "Soldiers, great cowardice has been committed. Some of the defenders of liberty have fled the satellites of despotism..." One volunteer battalion declared that it would not fight the
Spanish and had to be disbanded. Historian
571:
and the force included four battalions of Royal Guards and one battalion each of the Mallorca Line Infantry and Volunteers of Catalonia Light Infantry Regiments, and Andalusian artillery. Ricardos accompanied the 2460-man center, which was led by
656:. The bombardment went on until 9:00 AM with the French infantry sheltering in the ravines near the camp. Apparently this ended the action for the day, with the French troops holding firm despite the prolonged artillery barrage.
752:, Fort les Bains and Fort de la Garde. These places surrendered on 3 and 5 June, respectively. De Flers tried to send a resupply convoy into Bellegarde on 29 May, but the effort failed when the 3,350-man escort was driven off.
529:, demanded the arrest of all Templars in France in 1307. The knights were rounded up, put to the torture, burned at the stake in many cases; their wealth became the property of the French king. Philip soon bent
641:
651:
to hit the flank of the Mas Deu camp. At 5:00 AM on the morning of 17 May, two Spanish batteries under the command of the Prince of Montforte opened fire. Each battery was composed of 12 4-pound guns and four
200:
617:
547:, the German occupiers used the chateau as an ammunition dump. This was detonated in 1944, destroying the château, though some outbuildings survived to be used in the modern-day winery.
193:
1092:
962:
186:
311:
289:
601:
637:
451:
with 4500 Spanish troops. The six battalions and eight grenadier companies led by Ricardos chased 400 French soldiers out of the village. The Spanish next headed for
722:
The next day, Perpignan was crowded with demoralized soldiers and frightened refugees. The local political leaders appropriated churches, convents, and the homes of
629:
862:
Prats, Bataille de Mas Deu. The Bézières and Haute-Garonne battalions were not listed in the original order of battle. Possibly they were reinforcements.
706:
1077:
732:
losing 34 killed but did not list the number of wounded. Rather than follow up his badly shaken opponents, Ricardos chose to turn back and invest the
1072:
853:
Prats, Bataille de Mas Deu. The same article listed a total of six Spanish howitzers, but also asserted that four howitzers were in each battery.
573:
1097:
564:
1023:
279:
755:
On 24 May, de Flers began construction of the Camp de l'Union. This was laid out under the walls of Perpignan between the village of
694:
844:. The source does not specify whether the Germans or the French resistance were responsible, or if the explosion was an accident.
647:
Ricardos planned to maneuver Conde de la UniĂłn's cavalry and then send Courten's Walloon Guards on a sweep around the village of
533:
to his purposes and the Templar Order was suppressed outside France as well. In 1312 all property of the order was given to the
966:
521:
in the south. The wealth and secrecy of the Templar Order made powerful enemies. Desiring to appropriate the order's riches,
370:
284:
513:. In its heyday, the Templar establishment raised cattle, grapes, olives, and other crops on lands that stretched from
941:
1087:
1011:
1082:
580:, Rafael Adorno, and José Crespo. The left was made up of three battalions of Walloon Guards, three companies from
114:
391:
The Spanish drove the outnumbered French soldiers out of their camp near Mas Deu and compelled them to retreat to
600:
To implement this strategy, De Flers had only 5,000 foot soldiers, 300 horsemen, 15 cannons, and nine howitzers.
344:
299:
660:
484:
498:. The French army was encamped on a hill 80 metres (262 ft) high near Mas Deu, which is located east of
568:
563:
On 16 May, Ricardos advanced from CĂ©ret with 12,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry, 24 cannons, and six howitzers.
479:
Louis-Charles de Flers took command of the Army of the Eastern Pyrenees. At about the same time, the French
1062:
667:
in charge of the reserve cavalry. They were ordered to break through the French center where the troops of
373:
316:
294:
491:
349:
321:
1067:
744:
428:
408:
234:
682:
274:
605:
444:
420:
331:
66:
983:
1102:
577:
269:
495:
377:
339:
254:
244:
133:
259:
102:
555:
509:
in the 12th century and used as an administrative center for their extensive properties in
502:. The position overlooked the Aspres plain and was protected by two deep-cut stream beds.
8:
664:
625:
534:
522:
424:
326:
264:
239:
210:
28:
733:
668:
476:
469:
396:
249:
621:
1007:
633:
480:
385:
381:
145:
924:
653:
518:
506:
448:
440:
412:
514:
530:
526:
459:
where they encountered one French regular battalion, 1000 volunteers, and four
1056:
1038:
1025:
613:
945:
609:
544:
456:
748:
While the main siege went on, the Spanish were also obliged to reduce two
712:
Fort de Bellegarde occupied the Spanish army for a month after the battle.
999:
728:
723:
737:
510:
465:
178:
756:
581:
499:
460:
416:
404:
392:
62:
736:. This fortress dominated the main road through the Pyrenees at the
589:
443:
Antonio Ricardos began the invasion of France when he descended on
400:
36:
620:'s 3rd Company of Lavaur. Dagobert's 2680-man right wing included
596:, the Lusitania Cavalry Regiment, and artillery from New Castile.
452:
749:
585:
488:
407:
into France. For the next month, Ricardos was preoccupied by the
963:"1793-1795 La Convention Contre L'Espagne: Bataille du Mas Deu"
593:
128:
97:
70:
648:
567:
commanded the 4860-strong Spanish right wing. His deputy was
395:. The victory enabled the Spanish forces to lay siege to the
140:
109:
584:, one battalion of an Irish regiment, one company each from
659:
On the 18th, Ricardos reorganized his center, placing
472:
and keep it from interfering with his supply convoys.
1093:
Military history of Occitania (administrative region)
559:
Map of the eastern theater of the War of the Pyrenees
700:
Ruin of the Commanderie du Mas Deu as it looks today
604:led the 1,180 men of the left wing. This comprised
540:In time, the name of the place changed to Mas Deu.
1054:
576:. The 4680-strong Spanish left wing was led by
194:
998:
644:accompanied the 740 soldiers of the center.
399:, which dominated the best road through the
628:'s 1st Battalion of Mont-Blanc Volunteers,
505:The Chateau of Mansus DĂ©i was built by the
574:Luis FirmĂn de Carvajal, Conde de la UniĂłn
201:
187:
1078:Battles of the War of the First Coalition
847:
1073:Battles of the French Revolutionary Wars
642:Joseph Étienne Timoleon d'Hargenvilliers
554:
984:"Siege of Bellegarde, May-25 June 1793"
981:
913:
803:
801:
799:
797:
795:
793:
208:
1055:
960:
922:
565:Pedro TĂ©llez-GirĂłn, 9th Duke of Osuna
494:arrived with reinforcements from the
182:
918:. New York: Popular Library Edition.
790:
688:Photo shows the country near Mas Deu
423:. The action was fought during the
41:Chapel at the Commandery of Mas Deu
13:
939:
415:establishment east of the town of
14:
1114:
705:
693:
681:
640:'s 180 cavalrymen. De Flers and
618:Paul-Louis Gaultier de Kervéguen
139:
127:
108:
96:
35:
895:
886:
874:
608:'s 7th Battalion of Champagne,
1098:History of Pyrénées-Orientales
865:
856:
834:
825:
813:
778:
769:
612:'s 7th Battalion of the Aude,
1:
1004:The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
942:"Chateau du Mas DĂ©u: Chateau"
907:
468:to watch the garrison of the
434:
384:'s army of Catalonia led by
374:Army of the Eastern Pyrenees
7:
965:(in French). Archived from
914:Costain, Thomas B. (1964).
661:José Urrutia y de las Casas
624:'s 9th Battalion of Drome,
485:Luc Siméon Auguste Dagobert
475:On 14 May 1793, the French
10:
1119:
717:
632:'s 2nd Battalion of Gard,
616:'s artillery of Gard, and
569:Pedro Mendinueta y MĂşzquiz
429:War of the First Coalition
602:Claude Souchon de Chamron
550:
220:
164:
151:
120:
89:
45:
34:
26:
21:
1088:Battles involving France
763:
636:'s Herault Cavalry, and
492:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
445:Saint-Laurent-de-Cerdans
1083:Battles involving Spain
961:Prats, Bernard (2007).
923:Goode, Dominic (2004).
831:Costain (1964), 157-164
369:on 19 May 1793 saw the
927:. fortified-places.com
638:Antoine de BĂ©thencourt
606:Pierre François Sauret
560:
411:. Mas Deu is a former
378:Louis-Charles de Flers
134:Louis-Charles de Flers
121:Commanders and leaders
1006:. London: Greenhill.
630:Jacques Laurent Gilly
558:
165:Casualties and losses
371:French Revolutionary
53:17–19 May 1793
1063:War of the Pyrenees
1035: /
982:Rickard, J (2009).
809:Bataille de Mas Deu
745:Siege of Bellegarde
665:Juan Manuel Cajigal
626:Jean-Jacques Causse
535:Knights Hospitaller
523:Philip IV of France
439:On April 17, 1793,
425:War of the Pyrenees
421:Pyrénées-Orientales
409:Siege of Bellegarde
212:War of the Pyrenees
67:Pyrénées-Orientales
29:War of the Pyrenees
1039:42.6125°N 2.8092°E
986:. historyofwar.org
842:Chateau du Mas Deu
821:Chateau du Mas Deu
734:Fort de Bellegarde
561:
477:divisional general
470:Fort de Bellegarde
397:Fort de Bellegarde
367:Battle of Mas d'Eu
317:Sans Culottes Camp
160:7,000–15,000
1068:Conflicts in 1793
916:The Three Edwards
634:Guillaume Mirabel
481:brigadier general
363:Battle of Mas Deu
358:
357:
177:
176:
85:
84:
22:Battle of Mas Deu
1110:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1017:
995:
993:
991:
978:
976:
974:
957:
955:
953:
944:. Archived from
940:Oliver, Claude.
936:
934:
932:
919:
902:
901:Smith (1998), 47
899:
893:
892:Smith (1998), 48
890:
884:
878:
872:
869:
863:
860:
854:
851:
845:
838:
832:
829:
823:
817:
811:
805:
788:
782:
776:
775:Smith (1998), 45
773:
709:
697:
685:
654:6-inch howitzers
517:in the north to
386:Antonio Ricardos
306:Western Pyrenees
285:2nd Sant Llorenç
280:1st Sant Llorenç
224:Eastern Pyrenees
215:
213:
203:
196:
189:
180:
179:
146:Antonio Ricardos
144:
143:
132:
131:
113:
112:
101:
100:
47:
46:
39:
19:
18:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1053:
1052:
1044:42.6125; 2.8092
1043:
1041:
1037:
1034:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1014:
989:
987:
972:
970:
969:on 3 March 2016
951:
949:
930:
928:
910:
905:
900:
896:
891:
887:
879:
875:
871:Smith (1998),46
870:
866:
861:
857:
852:
848:
839:
835:
830:
826:
818:
814:
806:
791:
783:
779:
774:
770:
766:
720:
713:
710:
701:
698:
689:
686:
622:Louis André Bon
578:Juan de Courten
553:
519:Banyuls-sur-Mer
507:Knights Templar
449:French Cerdagne
441:Captain General
437:
413:Knights Templar
359:
354:
336:
216:
211:
209:
207:
138:
126:
107:
95:
81:Spanish victory
73:
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1103:1793 in France
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1019:
1018:
1012:
996:
979:
958:
948:on 5 July 2012
937:
920:
909:
906:
904:
903:
894:
885:
873:
864:
855:
846:
833:
824:
812:
789:
777:
767:
765:
762:
738:Col du Perthus
719:
716:
715:
714:
711:
704:
702:
699:
692:
690:
687:
680:
552:
549:
531:Pope Clement V
436:
433:
427:, part of the
356:
355:
353:
352:
347:
342:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
312:Château-Pignon
308:
307:
303:
302:
297:
295:Black Mountain
292:
290:2nd Bellegarde
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
252:
247:
242:
237:
235:1st Bellegarde
232:
226:
225:
221:
218:
217:
206:
205:
198:
191:
183:
175:
174:
171:
167:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
149:
148:
136:
123:
122:
118:
117:
105:
92:
91:
87:
86:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
61:
59:
55:
54:
51:
43:
42:
32:
31:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1115:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1051:
1048:
1015:
1013:1-85367-276-9
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
985:
980:
968:
964:
959:
947:
943:
938:
926:
921:
917:
912:
911:
898:
889:
883:
877:
868:
859:
850:
843:
837:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
802:
800:
798:
796:
794:
787:
781:
772:
768:
761:
758:
753:
751:
746:
741:
739:
735:
730:
725:
708:
703:
696:
691:
684:
679:
678:
677:
673:
670:
669:Amédée Willot
666:
662:
657:
655:
650:
645:
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
614:Charles Dugua
611:
607:
603:
597:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
570:
566:
557:
548:
546:
541:
538:
536:
532:
528:
527:Capetian king
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
503:
501:
497:
496:Army of Italy
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
471:
467:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
442:
432:
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
389:
387:
383:
382:Bourbon Spain
379:
375:
372:
368:
364:
351:
350:Gulf of Roses
348:
346:
343:
341:
338:
337:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
309:
305:
304:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
275:2nd Collioure
273:
271:
268:
266:
265:1st Collioure
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
227:
223:
222:
219:
214:
204:
199:
197:
192:
190:
185:
184:
181:
172:
169:
168:
163:
159:
156:
155:
150:
147:
142:
137:
135:
130:
125:
124:
119:
116:
111:
106:
104:
99:
94:
93:
88:
80:
77:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
57:
56:
52:
49:
48:
44:
38:
33:
30:
25:
20:
1020:
1003:
1000:Smith, Digby
988:. Retrieved
971:. Retrieved
967:the original
950:. Retrieved
946:the original
929:. Retrieved
925:"Bellegarde"
915:
897:
888:
881:
876:
867:
858:
849:
841:
836:
827:
820:
815:
808:
785:
780:
771:
754:
742:
721:
674:
658:
646:
610:Pierre Banel
598:
562:
545:World War II
542:
539:
515:Fenouillèdes
504:
474:
438:
390:
366:
362:
360:
345:Fort-Dauphin
245:Peyrestortes
229:
90:Belligerents
27:Part of the
1042: /
729:Digby Smith
260:Villelongue
1057:Categories
1027:42°36′45″N
908:References
882:Bellegarde
786:Bellegarde
511:Roussillon
466:Le Perthus
435:Background
270:2nd Boulou
255:1st Boulou
1030:2°48′33″E
784:Rickard,
760:October.
757:Cabestany
582:Tarragona
500:Trouillas
464:force at
461:artillery
417:Trouillas
405:Barcelona
393:Perpignan
380:fighting
327:Orbaizeta
240:Perpignan
63:Trouillas
1002:(1998).
840:Oliver,
819:Oliver,
750:outworks
590:Valencia
401:Pyrenees
250:Truillas
152:Strength
58:Location
990:18 July
973:18 July
952:20 July
931:18 July
880:Goode,
807:Prats,
724:émigrés
718:Results
586:Granada
489:Colonel
455:on the
447:in the
332:Bascara
230:Mas Deu
173:over 34
1010:
594:Burgos
592:, and
551:Battle
525:, the
376:under
340:Toulon
322:Baztan
103:France
78:Result
71:France
16:Battle
764:Notes
649:Thuir
453:CĂ©ret
403:from
300:Roses
157:5,300
115:Spain
1008:ISBN
992:2012
975:2012
954:2012
933:2012
743:The
663:and
487:and
457:Tech
361:The
50:Date
543:In
419:in
365:or
170:430
1059::
792:^
740:.
588:,
537:.
483:,
431:.
388:.
69:,
65:,
1016:.
994:.
977:.
956:.
935:.
202:e
195:t
188:v
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
