684:
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49:
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relative to the 747. Prior to the orbiter being released, the 747 engines were set to full power and the paired aircraft entered a shallow dive. Increased air speed combined with the shuttle's higher angle of attack generated enough differential lift so that the shuttle was effectively supporting the
1435:
525:
characteristics of the aircraft while carrying the orbiter. These tests did not involve the orbiter in any way beyond it being mated to the aircraft, so consequently it remained powered down and uncrewed. A total of three taxi-tests were performed on
February 15, 1977. Following this, the program
1432:
1411:
1412:
1453:
543:
There were a total of five captive-inert flights designed to test the flight and handling characteristics of the aircraft while it was mated to the orbiter. As with the taxi tests, this did not involve the orbiter beyond it being mated to the SCA, so it remained unpowered and uncrewed.
1454:
608:
and the shuttle essentially dropped the 747. The shuttle crew reported feeling an upward lurch on separation. The two aircraft then turned in opposite directions to maximize separation. The shuttle executed some more turns to evaluate its handling and glided to a landing.
590:
mated to the SCA and carried to a launch altitude, before being released to glide to a landing on the runways at
Edwards AFB. The intention of these flights was to test the flight characteristics of the orbiter itself, on a typical approach and landing profile from orbit.
1434:
1414:
1456:
198:
to ensure all of the systems it had put in place for the
Shuttle program functioned as designed. These tests would encompass not only the flight tests planned to test the flight characteristics of the orbiter, but also ground-based testing of the
534:
The captive flight phase of ALT saw the SCA/orbiter combination in flight as a test of the SCA's flying characteristics while mated to the orbiter, and as an initial test of the orbiter systems in flight. This was subdivided into two phases:
1517:, but this mission was cancelled due to budget cuts in September 1970. As a result of pressure from the scientific community to have a trained scientist go to the Moon, Engle was removed from the crew of Apollo 17 to be replaced by Schmitt
556:
to separate from the SCA during the orbiter's free-flights. These were also intended to refine and test the orbiter crew procedures and to ensure the operational readiness of the orbiter's systems. For these three flights, although
520:
The ALT program was divided into three distinct phases. The first phase was designated as the "taxi-test" phase, which involved the SCA and orbiter in a mated formation conducting taxi tests at
Edwards Air Force Base to verify the
603:
on the three attachment points monitored the forces, informing the crew when the attachments were in sufficient tension. The mechanical connection between the two aircraft was then severed by the use of
1433:
1366:, to test both the structural responses of the "stack" itself and the launch procedures prior to the entry into service and first launch of the first operational orbiter. These tests first saw
1413:
1455:
620:
tail cone, intended to reduce drag when mounted on the SCA during flight. The final two had the tail cone removed, with the orbiter in its full operational configuration, with dummy
675:
was prepared for ferry flight tests, which were intended to ensure that the SCA/orbiter configuration was viable for flights of the duration between landing and launch sites.
1382:, where the complete stack was subjected to vertical ground vibration tests, assessing the structural responses to a number of scenarios. Then, the orbiter was flown to the
2824:
514:
mated to the
Shuttle Carrier Aircraft for one of the ALT captive flights (top) and a ferry flight (bottom). Note the higher nose position during the captive flight
2195:
1878:
1496:
space station into a higher orbit. Due to the delays in getting the system operational, this mission was scrubbed, and Haise left NASA in June 1979.
1705:
107:
that took place between
February and October 1977 to test the vehicle's flight characteristics. Of the sixteen taxi-tests and flights, eleven saw
2817:
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2552:
1734:
1605:
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2404:
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1979:
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115:(SCA), while the final five had the shuttle jettisoned from the SCA, with the on-board crew flying and landing the spacecraft.
2748:
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2178:
1871:
1395:
3862:
2790:
2352:
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1811:
594:
For the approach and landing tests, a nose strut longer than those employed in later ferry flights increased the shuttle's
663:, except that he had to fly a steeper profile with the prototype, as it was much lighter than the operational spacecraft.
407:
In addition to the two assigned
Shuttle crews, who would alternate crewing the orbiter, a flight crew was attached to the
2769:
2200:
1942:
570:
690:
separates from the SCA during Free Flight 4, the first with the orbiter in its flight configuration without the tailcone
129:
The Space
Shuttle program originated in the late 1960s as an attempt to reduce the cost of spaceflight by introducing a
3922:
2247:
2030:
1359:
1339:
683:
3838:
2332:
1864:
659:), Engle reported that the flight and handling characteristics of the operational orbiters were similar to those of
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267:
The program lasted from
February until October 1977, with a pair of two-man crews assigned to the orbiter:
145:. The contract to build the spaceplane, which eventually came to be known as the "orbiter", was awarded to
48:
1281:
1236:
1196:
1156:
1106:
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1016:
973:
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used an air data probe mounted on its nose for these flights. These five flights were to be the only time
77:
2843:
2658:
2442:
2389:
2242:
2035:
2009:
1972:
1371:
1335:
414:(SCA) for the entire program. This consisted of a captain and co-pilot, plus a pair of flight engineers:
138:
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2045:
625:
158:
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2711:
2488:
2411:
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2147:
1391:
1363:
621:
319:, and was named as the commander of the original STS-2 mission. Fullerton later flew as the pilot of
1394:, transporting it from the VAB to the launch pad, and to fit check the facilities and procedures at
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1965:
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150:
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1988:
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99:
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208:
142:
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8:
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2504:
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376:
312:
303:
130:
55:
2152:
612:
There were a total of five free-flights between August and
October; the first three saw
2687:
2457:
2384:
2374:
1685:. Houston: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center
778:
552:
The captive-active flights were intended to determine the optimum profile required for
431:
153:), with the first complete orbiter rolled out in 1976. Originally planned to be named
2483:
1602:
1856:
1327:
2703:
2592:
1510:
1001:
363:
178:. It was unveiled to the public on September 17, 1976, with several members of the
67:
2567:
2547:
2437:
1815:
1609:
782:
605:
595:
441:
1808:
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as the pilot, which was scheduled for launch in July 1979, and was to carry the
2542:
240:
40:
separates from the SCA on its first solo flight as part of ALT, August 12, 1977
2802:
3911:
2719:
2673:
1999:
1946:
1044:
1767:. Fredericksburg, Virginia. Associated Press. October 27, 1977. p. 15.
353:
254:
63:
1832:"Space Shuttle Orbiter Approach and Landing Test Final Evaluation Report"
1675:
1485:
617:
575:
220:
171:
1957:
1679:
Space Shuttle Orbiter Approach and Landing Test: Final Evaluation Report
491:
1706:"Space Shuttle Glides to a Landing, Passing Its First Solo Flight Test"
997:
408:
293:
200:
134:
59:
31:
2562:
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600:
316:
96:
1732:
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2432:
2157:
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2131:
656:
586:
The final phase of flight testing involved free-flights. These saw
384:
324:
1484:
Haise was named the commander of the original STS-2 mission, with
383:
by the time he joined NASA. He flew his second Shuttle mission on
3801:
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3485:
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2580:
2416:
1387:
522:
92:
1799:", NASA Johnson Space Center Oral History Project, June 3, 2004.
3505:
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1493:
223:
phase of the program, which had been christened by NASA as the
1629:. (Washington Post / L.A. Times). April 11, 1977. p. 13A.
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2887:
2882:
2602:
2040:
1513:; Schmitt, a trained geologist, had been scheduled to fly on
1347:
646:
388:
372:
320:
1676:
Approach and Landing Test Evaluation Team (February 1978).
701:
makes her approach to land at Edwards during Free Flight 4
191:
1665:. (Los Angeles Times). August 13, 1977. p. 3, part 1.
1505:
Engle had been scheduled to fly as Lunar Module Pilot of
1390:, to test the procedures of assembling the stack in the
387:. Truly flew his second Shuttle mission as commander of
1579:"The Last Hurrah: Skylab's 1978-1979 Unmanned Mission"
561:
remained mated to the SCA, it was powered and crewed.
1886:
789:
1603:
Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests Fact Sheet
1548:. Associated Press. September 18, 1976. p. 3A.
133:. The final agreed design would feature a reusable
1612:From "Space Shuttle Chronology"; Accessed 11/03/08
1358:was taken for testing with the external tank and
403:SCA crew - (L-R: McMurtry, Horton, Fulton, Young)
3909:
157:(due to its completion being in the year of the
16:Trials of the prototype Space Shuttle Enterprise
2832:
2395:Shuttle Avionics Integration Laboratory (SAIL)
1623:"Space flight milestone to be reached in July"
1354:Following the end of the flight test program,
1346:during fit check tests twenty months prior to
2818:
1973:
1872:
1733:NASA – Dryden Flight Research Center (1977).
1509:, but was bumped from the flight in favor of
582:on its approach during the second free-flight
207:was taken by road from the Rockwell plant at
1280:
1235:
1195:
1155:
1105:
1063:
1015:
972:
1536:
1534:
394:
375:. Engle was originally a USAF pilot on the
2825:
2811:
1980:
1966:
1879:
1865:
194:began an extensive program of tests using
2553:Shuttle-Derived Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle
1987:
712:lands at the conclusion of free flight #2
203:systems and procedures. In January 1977,
1560:"Space shuttle rocket plane to fly soon"
1542:"Real life 'Enterprise' ready for space"
1531:
1326:
1143:
1132:
856:
853:
792:
777:
774:
771:
739:
704:
693:
682:
574:
398:
1826:
1824:
1789:
1704:Wilford, John Noble (August 13, 1977).
1703:
1697:
1659:"Space Shuttle solo is soaring success"
1615:
1566:. UPI. September 12, 1976. p. 11A.
190:Upon the orbiter's entry into service,
174:to change the name of the prototype to
3910:
2749:Rendezvous: A Space Shuttle Simulation
1761:"Test bumpy, but shuttle lands safely"
1753:
1576:
1552:
678:
2806:
2791:When We Left Earth: The NASA Missions
1961:
1860:
1728:
1726:
1651:
1641:"Shuttle's maiden solo flight Friday"
1398:to be used in launching the Shuttle.
344:
284:
1943:Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum
1821:
1785:. UPI. October 27, 1977. p. 22.
1771:
1633:
1499:
1478:
2770:Space Shuttle: A Journey into Space
1647:. UPI. August 11, 1977. p. A2.
571:List of Space Shuttle landing sites
547:
13:
1723:
538:
529:
311:Haise had previously flown as the
14:
3949:
671:Following the free-flight tests,
1735:"Shuttle Enterprise Free Flight"
1450:
1429:
1408:
1401:
1372:Dynamic Structural Test Facility
666:
501:
490:
253:
239:
161:), a letter-writing campaign by
76:
47:
30:
2515:Spartan Packet Radio Experiment
1802:
1669:
185:
2784:Orbiter Space Flight Simulator
2163:Multi-Purpose Logistics Module
1596:
1577:Carney, Emily (May 14, 2017).
1570:
564:
1:
2739:(2020 documentary miniseries)
2510:Inflatable Antenna Experiment
1839:NASA Technical Reports Server
1779:"Space shuttle landing rough"
1524:
1490:Teleoperator Retrieval System
1297:283 mph (455 km/h)
1252:278 mph (447 km/h)
1212:290 mph (467 km/h)
1172:310 mph (499 km/h)
1122:310 mph (499 km/h)
1080:311 mph (501 km/h)
1032:310 mph (499 km/h)
989:208 mph (335 km/h)
955:474 mph (763 km/h)
929:425 mph (684 km/h)
903:425 mph (684 km/h)
877:328 mph (528 km/h)
843:287 mph (462 km/h)
825:157 mph (253 km/h)
810:140 mph (225 km/h)
213:Dryden Flight Research Center
118:
2736:Challenger: The Final Flight
2637:Space Shuttle design process
2479:Shuttle Ejection Escape Suit
2474:Extravehicular Mobility Unit
1376:Marshall Space Flight Center
1364:full-up launch configuration
1344:Kennedy Space Center Pad 39A
1322:
1313:
1268:
1090:
1048:
769:89 mph (143 km/h)
246:Crew 1 - Haise and Fullerton
7:
3898:indicates failure missions.
2834:U.S. Space Shuttle missions
2659:International Space Station
2443:Journalist in Space Project
2390:Orbiter Processing Facility
1608:September 17, 2009, at the
1299:
1254:
1214:
1174:
1124:
1082:
1034:
991:
957:
931:
905:
879:
845:
526:moved into its next phase.
10:
3954:
2862:Approach and Landing Tests
2777:Space Shuttle Mission 2007
2317:Approach and Landing Tests
2046:Orbital Maneuvering System
1906:Approach and Landing Tests
568:
225:Approach and Landing Tests
159:United States Bicentennial
143:solid-fuel rocket boosters
122:
89:Approach and Landing Tests
24:Approach and Landing Tests
3923:1977 in the United States
3894:
3815:
3742:
3687:
3465:
3084:
2872:
2851:
2840:
2712:Columbia: The Tragic Loss
2629:
2611:
2533:
2497:
2489:Advanced Crew Escape Suit
2466:
2425:
2412:Shuttle Training Aircraft
2362:
2325:
2281:
2273:Shuttle Training Aircraft
2268:Shuttle Mission Simulator
2263:Rendezvous pitch maneuver
2221:
2171:
2153:Remote Controlled Orbiter
2148:Extended Duration Orbiter
2124:
2069:
2056:Thermal protection system
2018:
1995:
1935:
1921:
1898:
1814:January 22, 2010, at the
1392:Vehicle Assembly Building
982:Captive-active flight #1A
765:
742:
736:
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
718:
639:After flying missions on
379:, and had already gained
362:
359:
352:
349:
330:
302:
299:
292:
289:
270:
95:and flight trials of the
91:were a series of sixteen
2520:Shuttle pallet satellite
2448:Teacher in Space Project
2400:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
2380:Mobile Launcher Platform
2206:Shuttle Landing Facility
2061:Booster separation motor
1911:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
1471:
1073:Captive-active flight #3
1025:Captive-active flight #1
412:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
395:Shuttle carrier aircraft
371:This crew later flew on
260:Crew 2 - Engle and Truly
230:
113:Shuttle Carrier Aircraft
2728:The Challenger Disaster
2051:Reaction control system
1627:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
1564:Sarasota Herald-Tribune
948:Captive-inert flight #5
922:Captive-inert flight #4
896:Captive-inert flight #3
870:Captive-inert flight #2
836:Captive-inert flight #1
616:remain fitted with its
432:Fitzhugh L. Fulton, Jr.
147:North American Rockwell
3933:Edwards Air Force Base
3928:Space Shuttle missions
2196:Space Launch Complex 6
1737:. NASA. Archived from
1583:National Space Society
1492:intended to boost the
1351:
1285:
1240:
1200:
1160:
1110:
1068:
1020:
977:
713:
702:
691:
583:
481:
404:
217:Edwards Air Force Base
151:Rockwell International
2756:Space Shuttle Project
2743:Space Shuttle America
2654:Payload Assist Module
2311:(engine test article)
1989:Space Shuttle program
1841:. NASA. February 1978
1546:Eugene Register-Guard
1330:
1284:
1239:
1199:
1159:
1109:
1067:
1019:
976:
708:
697:
686:
578:
451:Louis E. Guidry, Jr.
402:
125:Space Shuttle program
2649:Inertial Upper Stage
2525:Wake Shield Facility
2505:Freestar experiments
2031:Solid Rocket Booster
1384:Kennedy Space Center
209:Palmdale, California
182:cast in attendance.
111:remain mated to the
2598:Space Launch System
2370:Crawler-transporter
2211:Abort landing sites
1645:Beaver County Times
1380:Huntsville, Alabama
1209:September 23, 1977
1169:September 13, 1977
679:List of ALT flights
467:Vincent A. Alvarez
336:
304:C. Gordon Fullerton
276:
131:reusable spacecraft
56:C. Gordon Fullerton
2723:(2010 documentary)
2715:(2004 documentary)
2707:(1994 documentary)
2691:(1985 documentary)
2688:The Dream Is Alive
2683:(1982 documentary)
2385:NASA recovery ship
2375:Mate-Demate Device
1783:Lodi News-Sentinel
1710:The New York Times
1663:Milwaukee Sentinel
1352:
1286:
1241:
1201:
1161:
1111:
1069:
1021:
978:
926:February 28, 1977
900:February 25, 1977
874:February 22, 1977
840:February 18, 1977
766:February 15, 1977
714:
703:
692:
584:
442:Thomas C. McMurtry
405:
335:
294:Fred W. Haise, Jr.
275:
3905:
3904:
3738:
3737:
2800:
2799:
2484:Launch Entry Suit
2312:
2304:
2294:
2239:
2179:Launch Complex 39
2144:
2136:
1955:
1954:
1818:Accessed 11/03/08
1457:
1436:
1415:
1374:, located at the
1320:
1319:
1308:54 min 42 s
1305:Haise, Fullerton
1294:October 26, 1977
1263:67 min 48 s
1249:October 12, 1977
1223:51 min 12 s
1220:Haise, Fullerton
1138:53 min 51 s
1133:Fulton, McMurtry,
1130:Haise, Fullerton
1096:59 min 53 s
1091:Fulton, McMurtry,
1088:Haise, Fullerton
1049:Fulton, McMurtry,
1006:55 min 46 s
479:
478:
475:William R. Young
459:Victor W. Horton
369:
368:
309:
308:
3945:
3918:1977 in aviation
2849:
2848:
2827:
2820:
2813:
2804:
2803:
2704:Destiny in Space
2310:
2302:
2292:
2248:Mission timeline
2233:
2142:
2134:
2005:List of missions
1982:
1975:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1858:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1806:
1800:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1775:
1769:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1741:on March 7, 2013
1730:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1701:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1655:
1649:
1648:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1574:
1568:
1567:
1556:
1550:
1549:
1538:
1518:
1511:Harrison Schmitt
1503:
1497:
1482:
1459:
1458:
1438:
1437:
1417:
1416:
1271:lakebed landing
1266:2 min 34 s
1226:5 min 34 s
1186:5 min 28 s
1183:54 min 55s
1146:lakebed landing
1141:5 min 21 s
1119:August 12, 1977
1093:Horton, Alvarez
1054:62 min 0 s
963:1 h 39 min
937:2 h 11 min
911:2 h 28 min
885:3 h 13 min
859:landed with 747
793:Concrete runway,
716:
715:
548:Captive – active
505:
494:
472:Flight engineer
464:Flight engineer
456:Flight engineer
448:Flight engineer
417:
416:
364:Richard H. Truly
337:
334:
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2796:
2642:studied designs
2625:
2607:
2568:Shuttle-Centaur
2529:
2493:
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2438:Getaway Special
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2014:
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1809:Astronautix.com
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1316:runway landing
1315:
1311:2 min 1 s
1301:
1279:
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1234:
1216:
1194:
1176:
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1135:Horton, Guidry
1134:
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1092:
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993:
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851:2 h 5 min
847:
794:
787:Horton, Guidry
786:
751:Shuttle flight
681:
669:
606:explosive bolts
596:angle of attack
573:
567:
550:
541:
539:Captive – inert
532:
530:Captive flights
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381:Astronaut wings
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167:fans persuaded
137:, a disposable
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2543:Saturn-Shuttle
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2028:
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2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1996:
1993:
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1985:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1962:
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1925:
1923:
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1888:Space Shuttle
1884:
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1876:
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1861:
1853:
1852:
1820:
1801:
1788:
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1498:
1476:
1475:
1473:
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1469:
1468:
1462:Space Shuttle
1461:
1449:
1447:
1445:747 separation
1441:Space Shuttle
1440:
1428:
1426:
1420:Space Shuttle
1419:
1407:
1403:
1400:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1300:19,000 ft
1298:
1295:
1292:
1290:Free flight #5
1287:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1255:22,400 ft
1253:
1250:
1247:
1245:Free flight #4
1242:
1228:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1215:24,700 ft
1213:
1210:
1207:
1205:Free flight #3
1202:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:26,000 ft
1173:
1170:
1167:
1165:Free flight #2
1162:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1128:
1125:24,100 ft
1123:
1120:
1117:
1115:Free flight #1
1112:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1086:
1083:30,292 ft
1081:
1078:
1077:July 26, 1977
1075:
1070:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1051:Guidry, Young
1047:
1038:
1035:22,030 ft
1033:
1030:
1029:June 28, 1977
1027:
1022:
1008:
1007:
1004:
995:
992:14,970 ft
990:
987:
986:June 18, 1977
984:
979:
965:
964:
961:
958:30,000 ft
956:
953:
952:March 2, 1977
950:
945:
939:
938:
935:
932:28,565 ft
930:
927:
924:
919:
913:
912:
909:
906:26,600 ft
904:
901:
898:
893:
887:
886:
883:
880:22,600 ft
878:
875:
872:
867:
861:
860:
855:
852:
849:
846:16,000 ft
844:
841:
838:
833:
827:
826:
823:
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812:
811:
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803:
797:
796:
791:
788:
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429:
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396:
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367:
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361:
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346:
343:
332:
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323:and commanded
307:
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259:
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123:Main article:
120:
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53:
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27:
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3873:
3872:
3868:
3864:
3863:investigation
3861:
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2698:
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2690:
2689:
2685:
2682:
2681:
2680:Hail Columbia
2677:
2675:
2674:Conroy Virtus
2672:
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2434:
2433:Deutschland-1
2431:
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2036:External tank
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2024:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2011:
2010:List of crews
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
2000:Space Shuttle
1998:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1983:
1978:
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1947:New York City
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1406:
1405:
1402:Video gallery
1399:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1370:taken to the
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1336:external tank
1333:
1329:
1314:Tailcone off,
1310:
1307:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1269:Tailcone off,
1265:
1262:
1260:Engle, Truly
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1190:
1189:
1185:
1182:
1180:Engle, Truly
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802:
799:
798:
784:
780:
768:
763:
760:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
746:
734:Shuttle crew
717:
711:
707:
700:
696:
689:
685:
676:
674:
667:Ferry flights
664:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
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637:
635:
631:
627:
623:
619:
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386:
382:
378:
374:
365:
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355:
348:
342:
339:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
305:
298:
295:
288:
282:
279:
278:
268:
256:
242:
228:
226:
222:
219:to begin the
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
193:
183:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
141:and reusable
140:
139:external tank
136:
132:
126:
116:
114:
110:
106:
105:
101:
100:Space Shuttle
98:
94:
90:
79:
69:
68:Richard Truly
65:
61:
57:
50:
39:
33:
19:
3883:
3876:
3869:
3850:
3831:
3824:
2861:
2789:
2783:
2775:
2768:
2761:
2754:
2747:
2734:
2726:
2718:
2710:
2702:
2694:
2686:
2678:
2620:Independence
2619:
2346:
2333:
2316:
2299:
2289:
2224:and training
2114:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2079:
1905:
1889:
1843:. Retrieved
1838:
1804:
1797:Joe H. Engle
1791:
1782:
1773:
1764:
1755:
1745:November 28,
1743:. Retrieved
1739:the original
1715:February 21,
1713:. Retrieved
1709:
1699:
1689:February 19,
1687:. Retrieved
1678:
1671:
1662:
1653:
1644:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1598:
1586:. Retrieved
1582:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1501:
1480:
1463:
1442:
1421:
1367:
1355:
1353:
1331:
1289:
1276:
1244:
1231:
1204:
1191:
1164:
1151:
1144:Tailcone on,
1114:
1101:
1072:
1059:
1024:
1011:
981:
968:
947:
942:
921:
916:
895:
890:
869:
864:
857:Tailcone on,
835:
830:
821:Taxi test #3
820:
815:
806:Taxi test #2
805:
800:
795:tailcone on
762:Taxi test #1
761:
756:
748:Full flight
722:Test flight
709:
698:
687:
672:
670:
660:
651:
641:
638:
636:flew alone.
633:
629:
622:main engines
613:
611:
593:
587:
585:
579:
558:
553:
551:
542:
533:
519:
511:
423:Crew member
406:
370:
354:Joe H. Engle
313:Lunar Module
310:
266:
224:
204:
195:
189:
186:Test program
179:
175:
162:
155:Constitution
154:
128:
108:
102:
88:
86:
37:
18:
2731:(2013 film)
2699:(1990 film)
2535:Derivatives
2498:Experiments
2467:Space suits
2453:Shuttle-Mir
2303:(simulator)
2290:Inspiration
2258:Abort modes
2041:Main engine
1486:Jack Lousma
1424:747 takeoff
618:aerodynamic
565:Free-flight
221:flight test
172:Gerald Ford
3938:Fred Haise
3912:Categories
3885:Enterprise
3833:Challenger
2696:Challenger
2669:Retirement
2458:Hitchhiker
2334:Challenger
2300:Pathfinder
2222:Operations
2094:Challenger
2080:Enterprise
2019:Components
1936:On display
1890:Enterprise
1525:References
1464:Enterprise
1443:Enterprise
1422:Enterprise
1368:Enterprise
1356:Enterprise
1342:stands on
1340:dummy SRBs
1332:Enterprise
710:Enterprise
699:Enterprise
688:Enterprise
673:Enterprise
661:Enterprise
634:Enterprise
630:Enterprise
614:Enterprise
601:Load cells
588:Enterprise
580:Enterprise
569:See also:
559:Enterprise
554:Enterprise
512:Enterprise
409:Boeing 747
350:Commander
345:Astronaut
290:Commander
285:Astronaut
205:Enterprise
201:launch pad
196:Enterprise
176:Enterprise
135:spaceplane
119:Background
109:Enterprise
104:Enterprise
60:Fred Haise
38:Enterprise
3878:Endeavour
3871:Discovery
3744:Cancelled
2841:Completed
2664:Criticism
2563:Shuttle-C
2326:Disasters
2253:Rollbacks
2115:Endeavour
2101:Discovery
1845:April 12,
1515:Apollo 18
1507:Apollo 17
1334:mated to
1323:After ALT
1002:Fullerton
740:Duration
737:SCA crew
731:Altitude
652:Discovery
438:Co-pilot
420:Position
317:Apollo 13
315:pilot of
180:Star Trek
169:President
164:Star Trek
97:prototype
64:Joe Engle
3858:disaster
3852:Columbia
3839:disaster
3826:Atlantis
3817:Orbiters
3787:STS-61-J
3782:STS-61-M
3777:STS-62-A
3772:STS-61-H
3767:STS-61-G
3762:STS-61-F
3757:STS-61-E
3752:STS-41-F
3028:STS-51-L
3023:STS-61-C
3013:STS-61-B
3008:STS-61-A
3003:STS-51-J
2998:STS-51-I
2993:STS-51-F
2988:STS-51-G
2983:STS-51-B
2978:STS-51-D
2973:STS-51-C
2963:STS-51-A
2958:STS-41-G
2953:STS-41-D
2948:STS-41-C
2943:STS-41-B
2612:Replicas
2349:disaster
2347:Columbia
2336:disaster
2293:(design)
2236:canceled
2231:Missions
2158:Spacehab
2140:Canadarm
2132:Spacelab
2108:Atlantis
2087:Columbia
2071:Orbiters
1893:(OV-101)
1812:Archived
1606:Archived
1588:March 9,
1302:5,791 m
1257:6,828 m
1217:7,529 m
1177:7,925 m
1127:7,346 m
1085:9,233 m
1037:6,715 m
994:4,563 m
960:9,144 m
934:8,707 m
908:8,108 m
882:6,888 m
848:4,877 m
783:McMurtry
743:Comment
719:Mission
657:STS-51-I
642:Columbia
428:Captain
385:STS-51-I
341:Position
325:STS-51-F
281:Position
3802:STS-400
3797:STS-3xx
3792:STS-144
3728:STS-135
3723:STS-134
3718:STS-133
3708:STS-132
3703:STS-131
3698:STS-130
3677:STS-129
3672:STS-128
3667:STS-127
3662:STS-125
3657:STS-119
3647:STS-126
3642:STS-124
3637:STS-123
3632:STS-122
3622:STS-120
3617:STS-118
3612:STS-117
3602:STS-116
3597:STS-115
3592:STS-121
3582:STS-114
3571:STS-107
3561:STS-113
3556:STS-112
3551:STS-111
3546:STS-110
3541:STS-109
3531:STS-108
3526:STS-105
3521:STS-104
3516:STS-100
3511:STS-102
3486:STS-106
3481:STS-101
3455:STS-103
2844:(crews)
2763:Shuttle
2630:Related
2593:Liberty
2558:Jupiter
2426:Special
2417:STS-3xx
2405:flights
2363:Support
2282:Testing
2125:Add-ons
2026:Orbiter
1928:Retired
1899:Flights
1466:landing
1388:Florida
523:taxiing
227:(ALT).
211:to the
149:(later
3844:report
3807:Others
3506:STS-98
3496:STS-97
3491:STS-92
3476:STS-99
3450:STS-93
3445:STS-96
3435:STS-88
3430:STS-95
3425:STS-91
3420:STS-90
3415:STS-89
3405:STS-87
3400:STS-86
3395:STS-85
3390:STS-94
3385:STS-84
3380:STS-83
3375:STS-82
3370:STS-81
3360:STS-80
3355:STS-79
3350:STS-78
3345:STS-77
3340:STS-76
3335:STS-75
3330:STS-72
3320:STS-74
3315:STS-73
3310:STS-69
3305:STS-70
3300:STS-71
3295:STS-67
3290:STS-63
3280:STS-66
3275:STS-68
3270:STS-64
3265:STS-65
3260:STS-59
3255:STS-62
3250:STS-60
3240:STS-61
3235:STS-58
3230:STS-51
3225:STS-57
3220:STS-55
3215:STS-56
3210:STS-54
3200:STS-53
3195:STS-52
3190:STS-47
3185:STS-46
3180:STS-50
3175:STS-49
3170:STS-45
3165:STS-42
3155:STS-44
3150:STS-48
3145:STS-43
3140:STS-40
3135:STS-39
3130:STS-37
3120:STS-35
3115:STS-38
3110:STS-41
3105:STS-31
3100:STS-36
3095:STS-32
3074:STS-33
3069:STS-34
3064:STS-28
3059:STS-30
3054:STS-29
3044:STS-27
3039:STS-26
2720:Hubble
2548:Magnum
2353:report
2340:report
1922:Status
1494:Skylab
1277:ALT-16
1232:ALT-15
1192:ALT-14
1152:ALT-13
1102:ALT-12
1060:ALT-11
1012:ALT-10
779:Fulton
728:Speed
649:) and
628:pods.
360:Pilot
331:Crew 2
300:Pilot
271:Crew 1
54:(L-R)
3714:2011
3694:2010
3688:2010s
3653:2009
3628:2008
3608:2007
3588:2006
3578:2005
3567:2003
3537:2002
3502:2001
3472:2000
3466:2000s
3441:1999
3411:1998
3366:1997
3326:1996
3286:1995
3246:1994
3206:1993
3161:1992
3126:1991
3091:1990
3085:1990s
3050:1989
3035:1988
3019:1986
2969:1985
2939:1984
2933:STS-9
2928:STS-8
2923:STS-7
2918:STS-6
2914:1983
2908:STS-5
2903:STS-4
2898:STS-3
2894:1982
2888:STS-2
2883:STS-1
2879:1981
2873:1980s
2858:1977
2852:1970s
2603:OmegA
2572:Ares
2309:MPTA
2243:Crews
2172:Sites
2143:(CSA)
2135:(ESA)
1835:(PDF)
1683:(PDF)
1472:Notes
1396:LC-39
1348:STS-1
1045:Truly
1041:Engle
998:Haise
969:ALT-9
943:ALT-8
917:ALT-7
891:ALT-6
865:ALT-5
831:ALT-4
816:ALT-3
801:ALT-2
790:Taxi
775:None
772:Taxi
757:ALT-1
725:Date
647:STS-2
599:747.
389:STS-8
373:STS-2
321:STS-3
231:Crews
1847:2024
1747:2007
1717:2021
1691:2021
1590:2021
1360:SRBs
1338:and
854:N/A
624:and
377:X-15
192:NASA
93:taxi
87:The
66:and
1386:in
1378:in
1362:in
626:OMS
482:ALT
215:at
3914::
2581:IV
1945:,
1837:.
1823:^
1781:.
1763:.
1725:^
1708:.
1661:.
1643:.
1625:.
1581:.
1562:.
1544:.
1533:^
1043:,
1000:,
781:,
391:.
327:.
62:,
58:,
3573:†
3030:†
2826:e
2819:t
2812:v
2586:V
2576:I
2355:)
2351:(
2342:)
2338:(
2238:)
2234:(
2189:B
2184:A
1981:e
1974:t
1967:v
1880:e
1873:t
1866:v
1849:.
1795:"
1749:.
1719:.
1693:.
1592:.
1350:.
785:,
655:(
645:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
