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Richard H. Truly

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would be replaced, the role the Shuttle would play in the future and the mixture of expendable spacecraft and the shuttle for upcoming missions. While it only took a few days to determine the technical reason for the accident, sorting out the root cause was more difficult. In the end, it took Truly
601:, Truly returned to NASA to become NASA's Associate Administrator for Space Flight on February 20, 1986. His primary task was to watch over the Space Shuttle's return to flight status. Along with that, he was also responsible for such long term issues as whether or not 616:. In March 1986, Truly noted in a memo that there were several actions NASA needed to accomplish before launching another Shuttle flight. They included "Solid Rocket Motor joint redesign, Critical Items review, and Operations and Maintenance Instructions review". 665:
rather than smaller, faster missions favored by the administration. It was suggested "that he was captive of his bureaucracy and incapable of making the changes, the reforms, the administration wanted." Others pointed to the battle over the
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disaster. He was awarded the Johnson Space Center Superior Achievement Award in 1972. He also received the American Astronautical Society's Flight Achievement Award in 1977. In 1995, he was inducted into the
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It's tough to describe how hard we all worked on MOL. But it was a huge part of our lives and, because of how hard we worked, we all learned a lot about ourselves and our abilities.
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should be commanded to take one last photograph of Earth before completing its primary mission. The resulting photograph has since become known as the
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had met with Truly, requesting the Administrator step down and accept an ambassadorship. Truly considered the offer but ultimately declined.
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Truly retired from the Navy as a vice admiral shortly before becoming NASA administrator. He was named to head NASA as its eighth
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mission in 1981, becoming the first man to be launched into space on his birthday. Truly then served as commander of
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in August 1969 after the cancellation of the MOL program. At NASA, he was a member of the astronaut support crew and
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as a member of a military advisory board on the subject of the threats to U.S. national security posed by global
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Observers suggested the firing was due to Truly's focus on large-scale projects like extending the life of the
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at Georgia Tech, Truly entered the U.S. Navy, where he was ordered to flight school and was designated a
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in May 1989, the first astronaut to do so. He held this position until May 1992. He was credited by
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Truly was married to Colleen "Cody" Hanner, and had three children. He died at his home in
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On February 12, 1992, Truly was fired as Administrator. Two weeks before, Vice President
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The Astronaut Maker: How One Mysterious Engineer Ran Human Spaceflight for a Generation
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for his role in assisting NASA's return to launching crewed missions after the
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From 1963 to 1965, Truly was first a student and later an instructor at the
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In May 2007, Retired Vice Admiral Richard Truly testified before the U.S.
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When he was fired, Truly said, "I'm floored. I can't explain it". Senator
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and NASA's "Return to Flight" program 31 months before the Space Shuttle
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mission in 1975. He flew twice on one of the two-man crews for the 1977
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In 1965, Truly was among the first military astronauts selected to the
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After leaving NASA, Truly became Vice President and Director of the
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Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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After STS-8, Truly left NASA to become the first commander of the
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Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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In 2010, Truly was appointed to the board of trustees of the
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
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Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
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with interceding in an internal dispute regarding whether
1429:"Vice Admiral Truly appointed to Mines Board of Trustees" 1228: 1167: 2509: 1371:"NREL Director Richard Truly Announces Retirement Plans" 1289:"Truly Fired as Nasa Chief, Apparently At Quayle Behest" 388:(November 12, 1937 – February 27, 2024) was an American 705:(formerly Midwest Research Institute) from 1997–2005. 3172:
Recipients of the Defense Distinguished Service Medal
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American astronaut and NASA administrator (1937–2024)
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on October 7, 1960. His initial tour of duty was in
2013: 1059:"NASA Administrator, May 14, 1989 – March 31, 1992" 435:, Truly attended segregated schools in Fayette and 3192:Recipients of the NASA Distinguished Service Medal 1543:"Truly May Give Mississippi its First Space Break" 1493:McKie, Faith; Warner, Cheryl (February 29, 2024). 3197:Recipients of the NASA Exceptional Service Medal 3177:Recipients of the Defense Superior Service Medal 3103: 2200: 1723:Administrators and deputy administrators of NASA 1216: 727:. He served as the vice chairman of the board. 3212:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame inductees 2029:Aerospace, Transportation and Advanced Systems 1253:. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. p. 335. 1112: 1110: 612:successfully flew on September 29, 1988, with 501:U.S. Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School 2495: 2460:List of United States Marine Corps astronauts 2280: 2186: 1999: 1708: 410:National Aeronautics and Space Administration 2465:List of United States Space Force astronauts 1609:"The Gen. Thomas D. White USAF Space Trophy" 1140:"Truly Is Named to Lead Naval Space Command" 690:. He served in this role from 1992 to 1997. 1540: 1492: 1217:Greenfieldboyce, Nell (February 12, 2010). 1107: 426: 3142:George H. W. Bush administration personnel 2502: 2488: 2287: 2273: 2193: 2179: 2006: 1992: 1715: 1701: 1200:"Return to Flight ... Challenger Accident" 751:Official Navy portrait of Richard H. Truly 739:, on February 27, 2024, at the age of 86. 730: 496:. He made more than 300 carrier landings. 415:After his departure from NASA, he led the 272: 31: 1541:Pendergrast, Loretta (November 1, 1981). 2064:Sensors and Electromagnetic Applications 1282: 1280: 1278: 1080: 1078: 1076: 746: 3207:U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School alumni 2450:List of astronauts by year of selection 1248: 1053: 1051: 1049: 701:and as executive vice president of the 673: 3167:Presidential Citizens Medal recipients 3152:Georgia Tech Research Institute people 3104: 1561:"Grandfather Truly Got Birthday Blast" 1286: 1047: 1045: 1043: 1041: 1039: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1031: 1029: 583:—Truly, describing his MOL experience. 58:July 1, 1989 – March 31, 1992 2483: 2268: 2174: 1987: 1696: 1275: 1073: 710:Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 619: 539:(CAPCOM) for all three of the crewed 3081:Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex 2511:United States Astronaut Hall of Fame 1363: 699:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 421:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1625:from the original on March 6, 2022. 1337:"VADM Richard H. Truly (USN, Ret.)" 1287:Sawyer, Kathy (February 13, 1992). 1026: 971:Society of Experimental Test Pilots 900:Defense Distinguished Service Medal 588: 13: 1249:Cassutt, Michael (March 3, 2024). 1120:. Astronaut Scholarship Foundation 693:Then he served as director of the 14: 3238: 3187:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 2213:← NASA Astronaut Group 7 → 1632: 1589:from the original on June 2, 2017 976:. He also received that year the 948:NASA Outstanding Leadership Medal 3227:United States Navy vice admirals 3202:Space Shuttle program astronauts 3162:People from Fayette, Mississippi 999: 939:NASA Distinguished Service Medal 884: 878: 866: 860: 850: 839: 833: 823: 816: 807: 798: 792: 782: 771: 755:Truly was awarded the following 459:, achieving its highest rank of 451:in 1959. He was a member of the 355: 350: 345: 249:NASA Distinguished Service Medal 191: 173: 2015:Georgia Tech Research Institute 1618:. USAF. May 1997. p. 156. 1601: 1579:"Vice Admiral Richard H. Truly" 1571: 1553: 1534: 1521:National Aeronautic Association 1509: 1486: 1461: 1447: 1421: 1385: 1345:Georgia Tech Research Institute 1329: 1299: 684:Georgia Institute of Technology 680:Georgia Tech Research Institute 449:Georgia Institute of Technology 417:Georgia Tech Research Institute 153:Georgia Institute of Technology 3127:American astronaut-politicians 2059:Information and Communications 1517:"Collier 1980–1989 Recipients" 1242: 1210: 1192: 1174: 1150: 1132: 953:NASA Exceptional Service Medal 907:Defense Superior Service Medal 742: 514: 241:Defense Superior Service Medal 1: 3222:United States Navy astronauts 2455:Astronaut ranks and positions 1583:Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame 1497:(Press release). NASA. 24-036 1020: 987:Georgia Aviation Hall of Fame 3217:United States Naval Aviators 2202:NASA Astronaut Group 7, 1969 1953:Acting deputy administrators 969:In 1988, he was awarded the 7: 992: 934:Presidential Citizens Medal 668:International Space Station 431:Born November 12, 1937, in 419:from 1992 to 1997, and the 10: 3243: 922:Distinguished Flying Cross 549:Approach and Landing Tests 543:missions in 1973, and the 525:Manned Orbiting Laboratory 245:Distinguished Flying Cross 3137:Collier Trophy recipients 3073: 2517: 2442: 2311: 2264: 2221: 2208: 2072: 2021: 1952: 1878: 1811: 1728: 1681: 1672: 1664: 1659: 1188:. NASA. February 3, 2003. 929:Meritorious Service Medal 898: 379: 375: 371: 363: 339: 321: 307: 297: 290: 283: 271: 267: 263: 258: 254: 232: 222: 212: 204: 186: 168: 163: 148: 131: 105: 100: 96: 84: 72: 62: 51: 43: 39: 30: 23: 1219:"An Alien View Of Earth" 974:James H. Doolittle Award 721:Colorado School of Mines 445:aeronautical engineering 427:Early life and education 2680:Frank L. Culbertson Jr. 2054:Electro-Optical Systems 1865:Robert M. Lightfoot Jr. 1565:Corvallis Gazette-Times 960:NASA Space Flight Medal 731:Personal life and death 529:Los Angeles, California 521:United States Air Force 455:. He was active in the 312:USAF MOL Group 1 (1965) 3122:Administrators of NASA 2215:NASA Astronaut Group 8 2211:NASA Astronaut Group 6 1313:. NASA. Archived from 752: 593:Three weeks after the 580: 533:NASA Astronaut Group 7 505:Edwards Air Force Base 478:(VF-33) where he flew 466:Being a member of the 386:Richard Harrison Truly 110:Richard Harrison Truly 2855:Michael López-Alegría 2755:Richard F. Gordon Jr. 2298:NASA Astronaut Groups 1916:James R. Thompson Jr. 1880:Deputy administrators 1837:William Robert Graham 1812:Acting administrators 1224:All Things Considered 1186:NASA History Division 750: 576: 457:Boy Scouts of America 437:Meridian, Mississippi 278:Truly in October 1979 205:Years of service 3132:American test pilots 3086:NASA Astronaut Corps 2760:Frederick D. Gregory 2720:Christopher Ferguson 2303:NASA Astronaut Corps 1855:Frederick D. Gregory 1435:on September 8, 2015 1400:United States Senate 1311:Great Images In NASA 1015:List of Eagle Scouts 757:military decorations 695:Department of Energy 674:Post-NASA activities 537:capsule communicator 433:Fayette, Mississippi 125:Fayette, Mississippi 3147:Georgia Tech alumni 3035:Kathryn C. Thornton 3020:Kathryn D. Sullivan 2935:Charles J. Precourt 2925:Scott E. Parazynski 2885:Bruce McCandless II 2730:C. Gordon Fullerton 2635:Franklin Chang-Díaz 2590:Daniel Brandenstein 2236:C. Gordon Fullerton 1860:Christopher Scolese 1660:Government offices 1455:"Board of Trustees" 1293:The Washington Post 571:Naval Space Command 476:Fighter Squadron 33 441:Bachelor of Science 423:from 1997 to 2005. 316:NASA Group 7 (1969) 227:Fighter Squadron 33 3015:Thomas P. Stafford 2820:Thomas David Jones 2805:Jeffrey A. Hoffman 2251:Donald H. Peterson 2246:Robert F. Overmyer 2049:Electronic Systems 1788:Michael D. Griffin 1616:AIR FORCE Magazine 1307:"Richard H. Truly" 1182:"Richard H. Truly" 753: 620:NASA Administrator 404:and as the eighth 402:United States Navy 199:United States Navy 3099: 3098: 2970:Rusty Schweickart 2920:Bryan D. O'Connor 2770:John M. Grunsfeld 2685:Walter Cunningham 2477: 2476: 2473: 2472: 2168: 2167: 2125:Thomas E. Stelson 2110:Robert E. Stiemke 2034:Advanced Concepts 1981: 1980: 1920:Frederick Gregory 1768:James C. Fletcher 1753:James C. Fletcher 1691: 1690: 1682:Succeeded by 1668:James C. Fletcher 967: 966: 894: 893: 761:government awards 737:Genesee, Colorado 527:(MOL) program in 453:Kappa Alpha Order 383: 382: 142:Genesee, Colorado 135:February 27, 2024 121:November 12, 1937 79:James C. Fletcher 67:George H. W. Bush 3234: 3040:Richard H. Truly 3000:William Shepherd 2990:Brewster H. Shaw 2965:Harrison Schmitt 2840:Joseph P. Kerwin 2825:Janet L. Kavandi 2800:David C. Hilmers 2780:Henry Hartsfield 2745:Robert L. Gibson 2700:Bonnie J. Dunbar 2670:Richard O. Covey 2640:Kevin P. Chilton 2630:Roger B. Chaffee 2610:Robert D. Cabana 2504: 2497: 2490: 2481: 2480: 2289: 2282: 2275: 2266: 2265: 2256:Richard H. Truly 2241:Henry Hartsfield 2195: 2188: 2181: 2172: 2171: 2145:Stephen E. Cross 2135:Richard H. Truly 2115:Wyatt C. Whitley 2095:Herschel H. Cudd 2080:W. Harry Vaughan 2044:Cyber Technology 2008: 2001: 1994: 1985: 1984: 1832:Alan M. Lovelace 1773:Richard H. Truly 1758:Robert A. Frosch 1738:T. Keith Glennan 1717: 1710: 1703: 1694: 1693: 1665:Preceded by 1657: 1656: 1648:Richard H. Truly 1627: 1626: 1624: 1613: 1605: 1599: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1575: 1569: 1568: 1557: 1551: 1550: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1529: 1527: 1513: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1490: 1484: 1483: 1481: 1479: 1465: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1445: 1444: 1442: 1440: 1431:. Archived from 1425: 1419: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1408: 1402:. Archived from 1397: 1389: 1383: 1382: 1380: 1378: 1367: 1361: 1360: 1358: 1356: 1351:on June 19, 2010 1347:. Archived from 1333: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1317:on June 21, 2010 1303: 1297: 1296: 1284: 1273: 1272: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1214: 1208: 1207: 1196: 1190: 1189: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1154: 1148: 1147: 1136: 1130: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1114: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1090: 1082: 1071: 1070: 1068: 1066: 1055: 1009: 1007:Biography portal 1004: 1003: 1002: 896: 895: 888: 882: 870: 864: 854: 843: 837: 827: 820: 811: 802: 796: 786: 775: 766: 765: 688:Atlanta, Georgia 589:Return to flight 584: 439:. He received a 396:who served as a 359: 354: 349: 341:Mission insignia 276: 259:Astronaut career 197: 195: 194: 179: 177: 176: 164:Military service 138: 122: 120: 118: 101:Personal details 91:Daniel S. Goldin 87: 75: 56: 35: 21: 20: 3242: 3241: 3237: 3236: 3235: 3233: 3232: 3231: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3069: 2785:Frederick Hauck 2655:Michael Collins 2615:Scott Carpenter 2595:Roy Bridges Jr. 2530:Joseph P. Allen 2513: 2508: 2478: 2469: 2438: 2307: 2293: 2260: 2217: 2204: 2199: 2169: 2164: 2140:Edward K. Reedy 2130:Donald J. Grace 2120:Maurice W. Long 2100:Paul K. Calaway 2090:Gerald Rosselot 2068: 2039:Applied Systems 2017: 2012: 1982: 1977: 1969:Daniel Mulville 1948: 1874: 1850:Daniel Mulville 1807: 1798:Jim Bridenstine 1748:Thomas O. Paine 1724: 1721: 1687: 1678: 1670: 1635: 1630: 1622: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1539: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1515: 1514: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1491: 1487: 1477: 1475: 1467: 1466: 1462: 1453: 1452: 1448: 1438: 1436: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1412: 1410: 1409:on May 27, 2010 1406: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1386: 1376: 1374: 1369: 1368: 1364: 1354: 1352: 1335: 1334: 1330: 1320: 1318: 1305: 1304: 1300: 1285: 1276: 1261: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1215: 1211: 1198: 1197: 1193: 1180: 1179: 1175: 1156: 1155: 1151: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1123: 1121: 1118:"Richard Truly" 1116: 1115: 1108: 1098: 1096: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1074: 1064: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1027: 1023: 1005: 1000: 998: 995: 962: 955: 941: 914: 912:Legion of Merit 890: 889: 883: 872: 871: 865: 845: 844: 838: 804: 803: 797: 745: 733: 676: 622: 591: 586: 582: 517: 429: 392:, engineer and 342: 332: 328: 314: 300: 279: 247: 243: 239: 237:Legion of Merit 192: 190: 174: 172: 140: 136: 123: 116: 114: 113: 112: 111: 85: 73: 57: 52: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 3240: 3230: 3229: 3224: 3219: 3214: 3209: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3189: 3184: 3179: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3159: 3154: 3149: 3144: 3139: 3134: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3097: 3096: 3094: 3093: 3088: 3083: 3077: 3075: 3071: 3070: 3068: 3067: 3062: 3057: 3052: 3047: 3042: 3037: 3032: 3030:Norman Thagard 3027: 3022: 3017: 3012: 3007: 3002: 2997: 2992: 2987: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2967: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2942: 2937: 2932: 2927: 2922: 2917: 2912: 2907: 2905:Story Musgrave 2902: 2900:Edgar Mitchell 2897: 2892: 2890:James McDivitt 2887: 2882: 2877: 2872: 2867: 2862: 2857: 2852: 2850:Steven Lindsey 2847: 2842: 2837: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2812: 2807: 2802: 2797: 2792: 2787: 2782: 2777: 2772: 2767: 2762: 2757: 2752: 2747: 2742: 2737: 2732: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2712: 2707: 2705:Donn F. Eisele 2702: 2697: 2692: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2675:Robert Crippen 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2650:Eileen Collins 2647: 2642: 2637: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2602: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2585:Vance D. Brand 2582: 2577: 2572: 2570:Charles Bolden 2567: 2565:Karol J. Bobko 2562: 2557: 2552: 2547: 2545:Neil Armstrong 2542: 2540:William Anders 2537: 2532: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2507: 2506: 2499: 2492: 2484: 2475: 2474: 2471: 2470: 2468: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2308: 2306: 2305: 2300: 2292: 2291: 2284: 2277: 2269: 2262: 2261: 2259: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2231:Robert Crippen 2228: 2226:Karol J. Bobko 2222: 2219: 2218: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2198: 2197: 2190: 2183: 2175: 2166: 2165: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2155:Robert McGrath 2152: 2147: 2142: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2117: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2092: 2087: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2069: 2067: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2025: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2011: 2010: 2003: 1996: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1975: 1970: 1967: 1965:John R. Dailey 1962: 1956: 1954: 1950: 1949: 1947: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1918: 1913: 1910: 1909:William Graham 1907: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1891:Robert Seamans 1888: 1884: 1882: 1876: 1875: 1873: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1847: 1844: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1815: 1813: 1809: 1808: 1806: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Charles Bolden 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1763:James M. Beggs 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1734: 1732: 1730:Administrators 1726: 1725: 1720: 1719: 1712: 1705: 1697: 1689: 1688: 1683: 1680: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1645: 1634: 1633:External links 1631: 1629: 1628: 1600: 1570: 1552: 1547:Clarion-Ledger 1533: 1508: 1485: 1460: 1446: 1420: 1384: 1362: 1328: 1298: 1274: 1259: 1241: 1209: 1191: 1173: 1160:. Astrospies. 1149: 1131: 1106: 1072: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1011: 1010: 994: 991: 978:Collier Trophy 965: 964: 963:with one star 957: 956:with one star 950: 944: 943: 942:with one star 936: 931: 925: 924: 919: 909: 903: 902: 892: 891: 877: 876: 875: 873: 859: 858: 857: 855: 847: 846: 832: 831: 830: 828: 821: 813: 812: 805: 791: 790: 789: 787: 779: 778: 776: 769: 744: 741: 732: 729: 714:climate change 682:, part of the 675: 672: 621: 618: 595:Space Shuttle 590: 587: 575: 553:Space Shuttle 516: 513: 428: 425: 381: 380: 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 368: 365: 361: 360: 343: 340: 337: 336: 323: 319: 318: 309: 305: 304: 301: 298: 295: 294: 292:NASA astronaut 288: 287: 281: 280: 277: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 260: 256: 255: 252: 251: 234: 230: 229: 224: 220: 219: 214: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 188: 187:Branch/service 184: 183: 170: 166: 165: 161: 160: 150: 146: 145: 139:(aged 86) 133: 129: 128: 109: 107: 103: 102: 98: 97: 94: 93: 88: 82: 81: 76: 70: 69: 64: 60: 59: 49: 48: 41: 40: 37: 36: 28: 27: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3239: 3228: 3225: 3223: 3220: 3218: 3215: 3213: 3210: 3208: 3205: 3203: 3200: 3198: 3195: 3193: 3190: 3188: 3185: 3183: 3180: 3178: 3175: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3163: 3160: 3158: 3155: 3153: 3150: 3148: 3145: 3143: 3140: 3138: 3135: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3109: 3107: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3078: 3076: 3072: 3066: 3063: 3061: 3060:Alfred Worden 3058: 3056: 3053: 3051: 3050:Jim Wetherbee 3048: 3046: 3045:Paul J. Weitz 3043: 3041: 3038: 3036: 3033: 3031: 3028: 3026: 3023: 3021: 3018: 3016: 3013: 3011: 3008: 3006: 3005:Loren Shriver 3003: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2981: 2978: 2976: 2973: 2971: 2968: 2966: 2963: 2961: 2960:Wally Schirra 2958: 2956: 2955:Jerry L. Ross 2953: 2951: 2948: 2946: 2945:Kent Rominger 2943: 2941: 2938: 2936: 2933: 2931: 2930:William Pogue 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2910:George Nelson 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2896: 2895:Pamela Melroy 2893: 2891: 2888: 2886: 2883: 2881: 2880:Ken Mattingly 2878: 2876: 2875:Sandra Magnus 2873: 2871: 2870:Shannon Lucid 2868: 2866: 2863: 2861: 2858: 2856: 2853: 2851: 2848: 2846: 2845:David Leestma 2843: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2831: 2828: 2826: 2823: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2811: 2808: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2796: 2793: 2791: 2790:Steven Hawley 2788: 2786: 2783: 2781: 2778: 2776: 2773: 2771: 2768: 2766: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2751: 2748: 2746: 2743: 2741: 2740:Edward Gibson 2738: 2736: 2735:Owen Garriott 2733: 2731: 2728: 2726: 2725:Michael Foale 2723: 2721: 2718: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2706: 2703: 2701: 2698: 2696: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2665:Gordon Cooper 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2645:Michael Coats 2643: 2641: 2638: 2636: 2633: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2611: 2608: 2606: 2603: 2601: 2598: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2560:Guion Bluford 2558: 2556: 2555:John E. Blaha 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2505: 2500: 2498: 2493: 2491: 2486: 2485: 2482: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2295: 2290: 2285: 2283: 2278: 2276: 2271: 2270: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2196: 2191: 2189: 2184: 2182: 2177: 2176: 2173: 2161: 2160:Andrew Gerber 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2150:Tom McDermott 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2105:James E. Boyd 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2091: 2088: 2086: 2085:Harold Bunger 2083: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2075: 2071: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2026: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2009: 2004: 2002: 1997: 1995: 1990: 1989: 1986: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1966: 1963: 1961: 1958: 1957: 1955: 1951: 1945: 1944:Pamela Melroy 1942: 1940: 1939:James Morhard 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1919: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901:Alan Lovelace 1900: 1897: 1894: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1885: 1883: 1881: 1877: 1871: 1870:Steve Jurczyk 1868: 1866: 1863: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846:Richard Truly 1845: 1843: 1842:Dale D. Myers 1840: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1778:Daniel Goldin 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1743:James E. Webb 1741: 1739: 1736: 1735: 1733: 1731: 1727: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1698: 1695: 1686: 1685:Daniel Goldin 1677: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1621: 1617: 1610: 1604: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1574: 1566: 1562: 1556: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1522: 1518: 1512: 1496: 1489: 1474: 1473:Collect Space 1470: 1464: 1456: 1450: 1434: 1430: 1424: 1405: 1401: 1394: 1388: 1372: 1366: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1341:GTRI 75 Years 1338: 1332: 1316: 1312: 1308: 1302: 1294: 1290: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1260:9781613737002 1256: 1252: 1245: 1230: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1213: 1205: 1201: 1195: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1153: 1145: 1141: 1135: 1119: 1113: 1111: 1094: 1087: 1081: 1079: 1077: 1060: 1054: 1052: 1050: 1048: 1046: 1044: 1042: 1040: 1038: 1036: 1034: 1032: 1030: 1025: 1016: 1013: 1012: 1008: 997: 990: 988: 983: 979: 975: 972: 961: 958: 954: 951: 949: 946: 945: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 926: 923: 920: 918: 913: 910: 908: 905: 904: 901: 897: 887: 881: 874: 869: 863: 856: 853: 849: 848: 842: 836: 829: 826: 822: 819: 815: 814: 810: 806: 801: 795: 788: 785: 781: 780: 777: 774: 770: 768: 767: 764: 762: 758: 749: 740: 738: 728: 726: 722: 717: 715: 711: 706: 704: 700: 696: 691: 689: 685: 681: 671: 669: 664: 663:Space Shuttle 659: 657: 652: 650: 645: 643: 642: 641:Pale Blue Dot 637: 636: 631: 627: 626:administrator 617: 615: 611: 610: 604: 600: 598: 585: 579: 574: 572: 567: 565: 561: 558:, and on the 557: 556: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 526: 522: 512: 510: 506: 502: 497: 495: 494: 488: 487: 481: 480:F-8 Crusaders 477: 473: 472:naval aviator 469: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 442: 438: 434: 424: 422: 418: 413: 411: 407: 406:administrator 403: 399: 395: 391: 390:fighter pilot 387: 378: 374: 370: 366: 362: 358: 353: 348: 344: 338: 335: 331: 327: 324: 320: 317: 313: 310: 306: 302: 299:Time in space 296: 293: 289: 286: 282: 275: 270: 266: 262: 257: 253: 250: 246: 242: 238: 235: 231: 228: 225: 221: 218: 215: 211: 207: 203: 200: 189: 185: 182: 181:United States 171: 167: 162: 158: 154: 151: 147: 143: 134: 130: 126: 108: 104: 99: 95: 92: 89: 83: 80: 77: 71: 68: 65: 61: 55: 50: 47: 42: 38: 34: 29: 25:Richard Truly 22: 19: 3039: 3025:Jack Swigert 3010:Deke Slayton 2995:Alan Shepard 2950:Stuart Roosa 2815:Marsha Ivins 2715:Ronald Evans 2695:Charles Duke 2605:James Buchli 2600:Curtis Brown 2580:Ken Bowersox 2575:Frank Borman 2535:Scott Altman 2255: 2134: 2022:Laboratories 1895:Thomas Paine 1823:Thomas Paine 1783:Sean O'Keefe 1772: 1673: 1615: 1603: 1591:. Retrieved 1582: 1573: 1564: 1555: 1546: 1536: 1524:. Retrieved 1511: 1499:. Retrieved 1488: 1478:February 29, 1476:. Retrieved 1472: 1463: 1449: 1439:September 1, 1437:. Retrieved 1433:the original 1423: 1411:. Retrieved 1404:the original 1387: 1375:. Retrieved 1365: 1353:. Retrieved 1349:the original 1340: 1331: 1319:. Retrieved 1315:the original 1310: 1301: 1292: 1250: 1244: 1232:. Retrieved 1222: 1212: 1204:NASA History 1203: 1194: 1185: 1176: 1161: 1152: 1144:Argus-Leader 1143: 1134: 1122:. Retrieved 1097:. Retrieved 1095:. March 1992 1065:December 31, 1063:. Retrieved 981: 968: 754: 734: 723:by Governor 718: 707: 692: 677: 660: 653: 646: 644:photograph. 639: 633: 623: 608: 602: 596: 592: 581: 577: 568: 554: 545:Apollo–Soyuz 531:. He joined 518: 498: 492: 485: 465: 430: 414: 398:vice admiral 385: 384: 285:Space career 284: 217:Vice Admiral 137:(2024-02-27) 86:Succeeded by 53: 18: 3117:2024 deaths 3112:1937 births 2985:Rhea Seddon 2980:David Scott 2975:Dick Scobee 2915:Ellen Ochoa 2860:Jack Lousma 2835:Scott Kelly 2810:James Irwin 2795:Susan Helms 2765:Gus Grissom 2690:Brian Duffy 2660:Pete Conrad 2625:Gene Cernan 2620:Gerald Carr 2525:Buzz Aldrin 1960:Aaron Cohen 1934:Dava Newman 1929:Lori Garver 1887:Hugh Dryden 1819:Hugh Dryden 1803:Bill Nelson 1639:Appearances 1526:November 5, 1377:November 5, 1234:November 5, 1124:November 5, 743:Decorations 725:Bill Ritter 515:NASA career 461:Eagle Scout 74:Preceded by 3106:Categories 3065:John Young 2940:Sally Ride 2865:Jim Lovell 2830:Mark Kelly 2775:Fred Haise 2750:John Glenn 1924:Shana Dale 1912:Dale Myers 1898:George Low 1827:George Low 1679:1989–1992 1593:October 9, 1413:August 23, 1355:August 23, 1321:August 23, 1269:1005188277 1021:References 982:Challenger 649:Dan Quayle 630:Carl Sagan 603:Challenger 597:Challenger 555:Enterprise 509:California 493:Enterprise 443:degree in 364:Retirement 169:Allegiance 117:1937-11-12 3091:Astronaut 2710:Joe Engle 2550:Alan Bean 2073:Directors 1905:Hans Mark 915:with one 703:MRIGlobal 635:Voyager 1 609:Discovery 566:in 1983. 468:Navy ROTC 394:astronaut 308:Selection 303:8d 7h 21m 208:1959–1989 149:Education 63:President 54:In office 3055:Ed White 1973:Lesa Roe 1620:Archived 1587:Archived 1501:March 1, 1099:June 18, 993:See also 599:disaster 486:Intrepid 367:May 1992 322:Missions 223:Commands 3074:Related 2518:Members 2443:Related 1206:. NASA. 656:Al Gore 551:of the 482:aboard 408:of the 400:in the 2312:Groups 1643:C-SPAN 1267:  1257:  1061:. NASA 614:STS-26 541:Skylab 233:Awards 196:  178:  144:, U.S. 127:, U.S. 1623:(PDF) 1612:(PDF) 1407:(PDF) 1396:(PDF) 1089:(PDF) 686:, in 564:STS-8 560:STS-2 447:from 334:STS-8 330:STS-2 1652:IMDb 1595:2018 1528:2014 1503:2024 1480:2024 1441:2015 1415:2010 1379:2014 1357:2010 1323:2010 1265:OCLC 1255:ISBN 1236:2014 1163:Nova 1126:2014 1101:2021 1093:NASA 1067:2017 917:star 759:and 491:USS 489:and 484:USS 213:Rank 132:Died 106:Born 44:8th 1650:at 1641:on 1229:NPR 1168:PBS 697:'s 523:'s 503:at 326:ALT 3108:: 2434:24 2429:23 2424:22 2419:21 2414:20 2409:19 2404:18 2399:17 2394:16 2389:15 2384:14 2379:13 2374:12 2369:11 2364:10 1614:. 1585:. 1581:. 1563:. 1545:. 1519:. 1471:. 1398:. 1343:. 1339:. 1309:. 1291:. 1277:^ 1263:. 1227:. 1221:. 1202:. 1184:. 1166:. 1142:. 1109:^ 1091:. 1075:^ 1028:^ 763:: 716:. 573:. 511:. 507:, 463:. 157:BS 2503:e 2496:t 2489:v 2359:9 2354:8 2349:7 2344:6 2339:5 2334:4 2329:3 2324:2 2319:1 2288:e 2281:t 2274:v 2194:e 2187:t 2180:v 2007:e 2000:t 1993:v 1716:e 1709:t 1702:v 1597:. 1530:. 1505:. 1482:. 1457:. 1443:. 1417:. 1381:. 1359:. 1325:. 1295:. 1271:. 1238:. 1170:. 1128:. 1103:. 1069:. 159:) 155:( 119:) 115:(

Index


Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
George H. W. Bush
James C. Fletcher
Daniel S. Goldin
Fayette, Mississippi
Genesee, Colorado
Georgia Institute of Technology
BS
United States
United States Navy
Vice Admiral
Fighter Squadron 33
Legion of Merit
Defense Superior Service Medal
Distinguished Flying Cross
NASA Distinguished Service Medal

NASA astronaut
USAF MOL Group 1 (1965)
NASA Group 7 (1969)
ALT
STS-2
STS-8



fighter pilot
astronaut
vice admiral

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