1328:
1170:
1009:
1442:
882:
1279:
1153:
75:
259:
703:. By late 1979, Jobs successfully negotiated a sale of Apple stock to Xerox, in exchange for his Lisa team receiving two demonstrations of ongoing research projects at PARC. When the Apple team saw the demonstration of the Alto computer, they were able to see in action the basic elements of what constituted a workable GUI. The Lisa team put a great deal of work into making the graphical interface a mainstream commercial product.
177:
34:
1122:
268:
1425:
In 1989, Wayne Rosing reflected on his time at Apple after his move to Sun
Microsystems, recalling that building the Lisa was hard work, that the machine had needed a hard disk and enough memory, and is still slow. Yet, he noted, the level of integration between applications in the Lisa had not since
1250:
In 2018, the
Computer History Museum announced it would be releasing the source code for Lisa OS, following a check by Apple to ensure this would not impact other intellectual property. For copyright reasons, this release does not include the American Heritage dictionary. For its 40th anniversary on
1238:
Lisa has two main user modes: the Lisa Office System and the
Workshop. The Lisa Office System is the GUI environment for end users. The Workshop is a program development environment and is almost entirely text-based, though it uses a GUI text editor. The Lisa Office System was eventually renamed 7/7
779:
Lisa was launched on
January 19, 1983. Its low sales were quickly surpassed by the January 1984 launch of the Macintosh. Newer versions of the Lisa were introduced that addressed its faults and lowered its price considerably, but it failed to achieve sales comparable to the much less expensive Mac.
720:
with being the most important person in the development of the computer's hardware until the machine went into production, at which point he became the technical lead for the entire Lisa project. The hardware development team was headed by Robert
Paratore. The industrial design, product design, and
1032:
consists of a Lisa 2 bundled with an external 5- or 10-megabyte hard drive. In 1984, at the same time the
Macintosh was officially announced, Apple offered free upgrades to the Lisa 2/5 to all Lisa 1 owners, by replacing the pair of Twiggy drives with a single 3.5-inch drive, and updating the boot
1265:
In April 1984, following the release of the
Macintosh, Apple introduced MacWorks, a software emulation environment that allows the Lisa to run Macintosh System software and applications. MacWorks helped make the Lisa more attractive to potential customers, although it did not enable the Macintosh
1246:
Apple's warranty said that this software works precisely as stated, and Apple refunded an unspecified number of users, in full, for their systems. These operating system frailties, and costly recalls, combined with the very high price point, led to the failure of the Lisa in the marketplace. NASA
1135:
In
January 1985, following the Macintosh, the Lisa 2/10 (with integrated 10 MB hard drive) was rebranded as Macintosh XL. It was given a hardware and software kit, enabling it to reboot into Macintosh mode and positioning it as the high-end Macintosh. The price was lowered yet again, to $
1286:
A significant impediment to third-party Lisa software was the fact that the launch version of Lisa Office System can not be used to program its applications. Its development requires the separate OS, Lisa
Workshop and programmers select one of the two OSes at startup. Lisa Workshop was used to
1382:
version are the final two releases in the Lisa line, which was discontinued in April 1985. The
Macintosh XL is a hardware and software conversion kit to effectively reboot Lisa into Macintosh mode. In 1986, Apple offered all Lisa and XL owners the opportunity to return their computer and pay
989:"Twiggy". They have what was then a very high capacity of approximately 871 kB each, but are unreliable and use proprietary diskettes. Competing systems with high diskette data storage have much larger 8" floppy disks, seen as cumbersome and old-fashioned for a consumer system.
604:
division upon taking Raskin's project. Newer Lisa models addressed its shortcomings but, even with a major price reduction, the platform failed to achieve sales volumes comparable to the much less expensive Mac. The Lisa 2/10 is the final model, then rebranded as the high-end
1429:
Original "twiggy" based Lisa 1 systems command high prices at auction due to the scarcity of surviving examples. The auction record for a Lisa 1 was set on September 10, 2024, when a Lisa that was part of the estate of Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen sold for $ 882,000.
1287:
develop Macintosh software for its first few years, and a Macintosh-native development system was released. For most of its lifetime, the Lisa never went beyond the original seven applications that Apple had deemed enough to "do everything". UniPress Software released
770:
said, "Finally, and perhaps most damaging, even before the Lisa began shipping in June, the press was full of intentionally-leaked rumors about a fall release of a 'baby Lisa' that would work in much the same way, only faster and cheaper. Its name: Macintosh."
501:, that either require additional, expensive consultancy from the supplier, hiring specially trained personnel, or at least, a much steeper learning curve to maintain and operate. Earlier GUI-controlled personal computers were not mass-marketed; for example,
904:
clocked at 5 MHz and has 1 MB of RAM. It can be upgraded to 2 MB and later shipped with as little as 512 kilobytes. The CPU speed and model were not changed from the release of the Lisa 1 to the repackaging of the hardware as Macintosh XL.
582:-tier high price and lack of a technical software application library made it a difficult sale for all markets. The IBM PC's popularity and Apple's decision to compete with itself through the lower-priced Macintosh also hindered Lisa's acceptance.
1266:
emulation to access the hard disk until September because early versions of the Macintosh operating system lack hard disk support. In January 1985, it was re-branded MacWorks XL as the primary system application, to turn the Lisa into the
643:
said that the acronym was reverse-engineered from the name "Lisa" in late 1982 by the Apple marketing team after they had hired a marketing consultancy firm to find names to replace "Lisa" and "Macintosh" (at the time considered by
757:
reported on Lisa, "McIntosh", and another Apple computer secretly under development "to be ready for release within a year". It described Lisa as having a 68000 processor and 128KB RAM, and "designed to compete with the new
489:(GUI). In 1983, a machine like the Lisa was still so expensive that it was primarily marketed to individual and small and medium-sized businesses as a groundbreaking new alternative to much bigger and more expensive
2358:
721:
mechanical packaging were headed by Bill Dresselhaus, the Principal Product Designer of Lisa, with his team of internal product designers and contract product designers from the firm that eventually became IDEO.
1140:
said that Apple would have lost money increasing production to meet the new demand. Apple discontinued the Macintosh XL, leaving an eight-month void in Apple's high-end product line until the
811:, to receive a tax write-off on the unsold inventory. Some leftover Lisa computers and spare parts were available until Cherokee Data (which purchased Sun Remarketing) went out of business.
740:
project. Raskin had conceived and led Macintosh since 1979 as a text-based appliance computer. Jobs redefined Macintosh as a cheaper and more usable form of Lisa's concepts, and led the
578:. Cost-cutting measures that target the consumer market, and the delayed availability of the 68000 processor and its impact on the design process, made the user experience sluggish. The
597: (equivalent to $ 4,200 in 2023) text-based appliance computer in 1979. Jobs immediately redefined Macintosh as a less expensive and more focused version of the graphical Lisa.
1235:
directories correspond to GUI folders, as with previous Xerox PARC computers from which Lisa borrowed heavily. Lisa was designed around a hard drive, unlike the first Macintosh.
912:
uses a 4-bit integer and the base year is defined as 1980; the software won't accept any value below 1981, so the only valid range is 1981–1995. The real-time clock depends on a
648:
to be merely internal project codenames) and then rejected all of the suggestions. Privately, Hertzfeld and the other software developers used "Lisa: Invented Stupid Acronym", a
1407:
project, led by Steve Jobs, borrowed heavily from Lisa's GUI paradigm and directly took many of its staff, to create Apple's flagship platform of the next several decades. The
1220:
ready in time, so third parties developed their own. Apple's is also the result of a cost-cutting compromise, with sluggish performance. Based, in part, on elements from the
1340:
previewed the Lisa and wrote in February 1983 that it was "the most important development in computers in the last five years, easily outpacing ". It acknowledged that the
729:
was in charge of system software. The user interface was designed in six months, after which the hardware, operating system, and applications were all created in parallel.
2350:
1344:
price was high, and concluded "Apple ... is not unaware that most people would be incredibly interested in a similar but less expensive machine. We'll see what happens".
1033:
ROM and I/O ROM. In addition, the Lisa 2's new front faceplate accommodates the reconfigured floppy disk drive, and it includes the new inlaid Apple logo and the first
762:
at a considerably lower price". In May 1982, the magazine reported that "Apple's yet-to-be-announced Lisa 68000 network work station is also widely rumored to have
600:
Macintosh's launch in January 1984 quickly surpassed Lisa's underwhelming sales. Jobs began assimilating increasing numbers of Lisa staff, as he had done with the
868:
929:
pack of batteries that only lasts for a few hours when main power is not present. Prone to failure over time, the battery packs could leak corrosive alkaline
2705:
2550:
543:
Lisa was considered a commercial failure but with technical acclaim, introducing several advanced features that reappeared on the Macintosh and eventually
5846:
850:
695:(PARC), research had already been underway for several years to create a new humanized way to organize the computer screen, which became known as the
5111:
3389:
2372:
5831:
5816:
2477:
1701:
838:
807:
and upgraded them. In 1989, with the help of Sun Remarketing, Apple disposed of approximately 2,700 unsold Lisa units in a guarded landfill in
2642:
1826:
1856:
710:
on its development. More than 90 people participated in the design, plus more in the sales and marketing effort, to launch the machine.
5851:
20:
2074:
3713:
2698:
2600:
839:
2246:
851:
792:
The high cost and the delays in its release date contributed to the Lisa's discontinuation although it was repackaged and sold at
5136:
3414:
1478:
2296:
5116:
3394:
1411:, for instance, utilized by Mac OS X, had originally been developed for Lisa. It had been discarded in favor of the icon view.
1809:
635:(born in 1978), it was sometimes inferred that the name also had a personal association, and perhaps that the acronym was a
5826:
5144:
852:
570:
Lisa's CPU and the storage system were strained by the complexity of the operating system and applications, especially its
2691:
780:
The Macintosh project assimilated a lot more Lisa staff. The final revision, the Lisa 2/10, was modified and sold as the
668:
The project began in 1978 as an effort to create a more modern version of the then-conventional design epitomized by the
139:
3682:
2527:
1678:
1622:
828:
111:
1735:
1776:
1748:
1530:
1251:
January 19, 2023, Lisa OS Software version 3.1's source code is available under an Apple Academic License Agreement.
844:
238:
220:
158:
61:
202:
4919:
4909:
3666:
3639:
3323:
2046:
862:
849:
847:
2328:
1025:
996:
sparing, to reserve blocks in case of bad blocks, even on floppy disks. Critical operating system information has
853:
118:
5795:
4192:
3731:
3345:
840:
835:
824:
820:
677:
2558:
1024:. It was much less expensive than the original model, and dropped the Twiggy floppy drives in favor of a single
688:
and Jef Raskin contributed to this change in design. Apple's co-founder Steve Jobs was involved in the concept.
627:
Though the original documentation only refers to it as "The Lisa", Apple officially stated that the name was an
5131:
3409:
2194:
1101:
upgrades. Unlike the original Macintosh, the Lisa has expansion slots. The Lisa 2 motherboard has a very basic
187:
96:
842:
5189:
5121:
3440:
3399:
676:
restaurant, and nicknamed "the Good Earth building". Initial team leader Ken Rothmuller was soon replaced by
673:
589:
was forced out of the Lisa project by Apple's board of directors, he appropriated the Macintosh project from
858:
855:
854:
699:. Steve Jobs visited PARC in 1979 and was absorbed and excited by the revolutionary mouse-driven GUI of the
125:
5836:
5126:
3706:
3404:
893:
The Lisa was first introduced on January 19, 1983. It is one of the first personal computer systems with a
857:
843:
571:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4420:
4403:
1415:
865:
863:
92:
47:
2382:
2184:
1716:
860:
656:
coined the term "Let's Invent Some Acronym" to fit Lisa's name. Decades later, Jobs told his biographer
4769:
4764:
4744:
4632:
4627:
4622:
2673:
2621:
2396:
1034:
926:
864:
848:
846:
559:
is more advanced overall than the following Macintosh, including hard disk drive support, up to 2
107:
1917:
1874:
861:
5841:
5449:
5277:
5161:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4707:
4415:
4398:
3575:
3501:
1614:
1052:
2. There were relatively few third-party hardware offerings for the Lisa, as compared to the earlier
956:
834:
672:. A ten-person team occupied its first dedicated office at 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard next to the
2485:
1537:
By most accounts, Lisa was a failure, selling only 10,000 units. It reportedly cost Apple more than
5821:
5444:
5416:
5250:
3751:
3570:
3542:
3350:
2649:
1239:
which refers to the seven supplied application programs: LisaWrite, LisaCalc, LisaDraw, LisaGraph,
997:
952:
894:
486:
2573:
866:
841:
5464:
5282:
5272:
4484:
4381:
4058:
3966:
3956:
3877:
3699:
3590:
3496:
3163:
2939:
2929:
2838:
1181:
901:
845:
385:
198:
85:
2601:
https://press.christies.com/gen-one-innovations-from-the-paul-g-allen-collection-totals-16816840
5431:
5296:
5219:
4697:
4438:
4028:
3993:
3557:
3506:
3470:
3328:
3000:
2982:
2451:
1319:
2.1 spreadsheet for Xenix. Other Lisa Xenix third parties include Quadratron's Q-Office suite.
1312:
1087:
859:
836:
575:
2351:"CHM Makes Apple Lisa Source Code Available to the Public as a Part of Its Art of Code Series"
1570:
763:
5783:
5401:
4692:
4687:
4682:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4652:
4443:
3771:
3532:
3333:
2145:
1987:
1608:
1228:
1016:
The first hardware revision, the Lisa 2, was released in January 1984 and was priced between
856:
748:
1958:
837:
631:
for "Local Integrated Software Architecture". Because Steve Jobs's first daughter was named
5394:
5287:
5176:
5156:
5149:
4450:
4334:
4275:
4227:
4163:
4158:
4148:
4143:
4138:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4050:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3988:
3983:
3961:
3951:
3872:
3340:
3268:
3263:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3155:
3097:
3038:
3010:
3005:
2995:
2990:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2934:
2924:
2833:
2643:"Inventing the Lisa User Interface by Rod Perkins, Dan Keller and Frank Ludolph (1 MB PDF)"
2636:
1483:
1298:
993:
564:
1848:
8:
5788:
4981:
3931:
3884:
3659:
2901:
2848:
2745:
963:
132:
5778:
5306:
4265:
4217:
4170:
4035:
3307:
3296:
3275:
3030:
2050:
1695:
741:
1801:
1794:
516:
Development of project "LISA" began in 1978. It underwent many changes and shipped at
5469:
5301:
5245:
5101:
5042:
4942:
4327:
4322:
4180:
4040:
3867:
3832:
3595:
3491:
3384:
3312:
3090:
3085:
2828:
2790:
2256:
2200:
2190:
1805:
1772:
1744:
1674:
1628:
1618:
1526:
1205:
1098:
1094:
960:
649:
632:
556:
552:
544:
482:
194:
5358:
5340:
5106:
5054:
4998:
4904:
3978:
3946:
3379:
2954:
2919:
2678:
2097:
1610:
Apple confidential 2.0: the definitive history of the world's most colorful company
1201:
1041:
has a 10 MB internal hard drive, no parallel port, and a standard configuration of
696:
681:
574:, and by the ad hoc protected memory implementation, due to the lack of a Motorola
548:
470:
369:
5439:
5406:
5389:
5384:
5267:
5166:
4993:
4386:
4354:
4349:
4045:
3941:
3862:
3847:
3565:
3516:
3486:
3147:
3130:
3125:
2914:
2823:
2808:
2401:
2377:
1922:
1879:
1668:
1468:
1395:. Reportedly, 2,700 working but unsold Lisa computers were buried in a landfill.
1288:
971:
909:
800:
711:
657:
521:
53:
2219:
5316:
5204:
5093:
5059:
4344:
4339:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3852:
3842:
3837:
3805:
3783:
3766:
3455:
3435:
3371:
3317:
3120:
3115:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2813:
2803:
2798:
2780:
2765:
2723:
2123:
1764:
1419:
1408:
1404:
1388:
1217:
1152:
1141:
1106:
1093:
Late in the product life of the Lisa, there were third-party hard disk drives,
978:
898:
737:
692:
640:
537:
525:
478:
458:
390:
2667:
2615:
1632:
1327:
5810:
5504:
5335:
5194:
4971:
4614:
4604:
4594:
4584:
4574:
4564:
4317:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
3894:
3756:
3649:
3511:
3445:
3110:
3080:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
2861:
2750:
2683:
2323:
2260:
1458:
1375:
1331:
An original Lisa is at work at the Apple Convention in Boston, in early 1983.
722:
440:
272:
This Lisa has dual 5.25" "Twiggy" floppy drives and a 5 MB ProFile hard disk.
2535:
1355: (equivalent to about $ 30,600 in 2023) each, generating total sales of
732:
In 1982, Steve Jobs was forced out of the Lisa project, and he appropriated
5323:
5255:
5199:
5079:
4976:
4954:
4846:
4831:
4364:
4359:
4185:
4175:
3971:
3936:
3889:
3857:
3825:
3654:
3610:
3450:
3302:
3135:
2944:
2909:
2856:
2818:
2626:
1447:
1392:
1379:
1267:
1137:
1130:
1110:
1065:
886:
804:
781:
726:
717:
685:
606:
494:
454:
1670:
iCon : Steve Jobs, the greatest second act in the history of business
1113:
slot, all in parallel. At the other end are three Lisa slots in parallel.
1109:
sockets and slots. There are two RAM slots, one CPU upgrade slot, and one
5474:
5459:
5454:
5328:
5311:
5229:
5069:
5035:
5030:
4937:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4410:
4393:
3600:
3585:
3580:
1915:
1368:
1240:
1232:
982:
930:
808:
579:
533:
1169:
706:
The Lisa was a major project at Apple, which reportedly spent more than
5585:
5570:
5363:
5224:
5064:
5047:
4959:
4851:
4712:
4494:
4249:
3788:
3722:
3618:
2770:
2714:
2669:
Apple Lisa Memorial Exhibition at Dongdaemun Design Plaza, Seoul, Korea
2318:
2180:
2047:"Editor's Corner: Logan has interesting link to Apple computer history"
2016:
1902:
1422:, the first attempt to re-architect the operating system of Macintosh.
1008:
967:
922:
759:
744:
with substantial motivation to compete in parallel with the Lisa team.
733:
700:
645:
590:
586:
524:. It was affected by its high price, insufficient software, unreliable
506:
502:
474:
291:
1278:
881:
5675:
5610:
5605:
5600:
5595:
5590:
5580:
5575:
5565:
5560:
5550:
5535:
5525:
5411:
4964:
4841:
4836:
4739:
4609:
4599:
4589:
4579:
4569:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4529:
4519:
4514:
4504:
4489:
4270:
3795:
3778:
3761:
3623:
3537:
3022:
2775:
2760:
2755:
2405:(advertisement). Vol. 8, no. 12. December 1983. p. 334
2251:
2154:
1992:
1963:
1463:
1351:
of 1980. Apple sold a total of approximately 10,000 Lisa machines at
1348:
1316:
1309:
1302:
1224:
1221:
1212:
workstation (c. 1982), which features a full memory management unit.
1102:
796:, as the Lisa 2. In 1986, the entire Lisa platform was discontinued.
753:
636:
490:
477:, produced from January 19, 1983 to August 1, 1986, and succeeded by
444:
2631:
2098:"The Legacy of the Apple Lisa Personal Computer: An Outsider's View"
1441:
205:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
74:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5740:
5730:
5725:
5715:
5710:
5705:
5700:
5695:
5690:
5685:
5680:
5670:
5660:
5650:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5625:
5620:
5555:
5545:
5540:
5530:
5520:
5515:
4932:
4776:
4702:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4524:
4509:
4499:
4244:
4222:
3746:
2732:
1347:
The Lisa was a commercial failure, the company's largest since the
1260:
1213:
1078:
1071:
1054:
986:
669:
601:
560:
529:
258:
5421:
5379:
5214:
5209:
5184:
5074:
5025:
4988:
4376:
4239:
4212:
4207:
4202:
3741:
3691:
3547:
3465:
3460:
3430:
3104:
2740:
2578:
1918:"An Interview with Wayne Rosing, Bruce Daniels, and Larry Tesler"
1488:
1121:
628:
567:(RAM), expansion slots, and a larger, higher-resolution display.
1247:
purchased Lisa machines, mainly to use the LisaProject program.
5490:
5262:
4949:
4914:
4657:
4476:
4455:
3644:
2204:
1916:
Morgan, Chris; Williams, Gregg; Lemmons, Phil (February 1983).
1493:
653:
267:
2424:
2297:"The Computer History Museum will open source Apple's Lisa OS"
833:
4371:
2500:
2139:
2137:
1305:
1209:
510:
395:
378:
2189:(1st ed.). Carmel, IN, USA: Hayden Books. p. 236.
4823:
4644:
4234:
4197:
2175:
2173:
2024:
1364:
1336:
520: (equivalent to $ 30,600 in 2023) with a five-megabyte
2134:
1075:
memory board which, when combined with the standard Apple
2551:"Why Are 2700 Apple Lisa Computers Buried in a Landfill?"
2534:. No. 26. March 12, 1986. p. 13. Archived from
498:
2170:
2381:. No. Dec 1984. pp. A106–A114. Archived from
2075:"The little-known Apple Lisa: Five quirks and oddities"
1667:
Simon, Jeffrey S.; Young, William L. (April 14, 2006).
1105:
with virtually no electronic components, but plenty of
19:
For the MOS 6502 assembler for Apple II computers, see
2565:
2444:
2238:
1938:
1231:
also organizes its files in hierarchical directories.
1227:
operating system released three years earlier, Lisa's
1208:, enabled by a crude hardware circuit compared to the
680:, under whose direction the project evolved into the "
1216:
did not have an MMU (memory-management unit) for the
948:
rectangular pixels on a 12-inch (30 cm) screen.
936:
The integrated monochrome black-on-white monitor has
536:, and the imminent release of the cheaper and faster
1437:
977:
The original Lisa, later called the Lisa 1, has two
2226:(Mailing list). Kermit Project, Columbia University
2124:"Mac GUI :: Re: MACINTOSH opinion and request"
1048:
Developing early Macintosh software required a Lisa
481:. It is generally considered the first mass-market
99:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1950:
1793:
1568:
2044:
1988:"Computer mice are scurrying out of R&D labs"
1868:
1866:
1743:. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. p. 21.
1315:operating system for the Lisa 2, and Microsoft's
1028:. The Lisa 2 has as little as 512 KB of RAM. The
747:In September 1981, below the announcement of the
540:. Only 60,000 Lisa units were sold in two years.
513:and select partners from the early to mid-1970s.
5808:
2458:. Vol. 1, no. 6. July 1984. p. 54
2288:
1979:
1872:
725:was in charge of applications development, and
2713:
2637:mprove: Graphical User Interface of Apple Lisa
2217:
2211:
2146:"Apple introduces Lisa 2; basic model to cost
1863:
1763:
1734:Weiglin, Peter C.; Conklin, Joyce (May 1984).
1733:
1418:on Lisa contributed to the 1988 conception of
1082:memory board, expanded the Lisa to a total of
3707:
2699:
2517:"Back in Time", A+ Magazine, Feb 1987: 48–49.
2397:"Unix Spoken Here / and MS-DOS, and VMS too!"
1985:
1000:storage, for recovery in case of corruption.
2255:. Vol. 7, no. 22. pp. 21–22.
660:: "Obviously it was named for my daughter."
2426:Photograph of Lisa Xenix Multiplan diskette
1520:
62:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5847:Products and services discontinued in 1986
3714:
3700:
2706:
2692:
2389:
1996:. Vol. 4, no. 18. pp. 10–11
1967:. Vol. 3, no. 18. pp. 1, 14
1956:
1944:
1926:. Vol. 8, no. 2. pp. 90–114
1909:
1818:
1700:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1666:
814:
416:12 in (30 cm) monochrome 720×364
266:
257:
2158:. Vol. 6, no. 7. pp. 65–66
1883:. Vol. 8, no. 2. pp. 33–50
1824:
1606:
897:(GUI) to be sold commercially. It uses a
239:Learn how and when to remove this message
221:Learn how and when to remove this message
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
2506:
2244:
1791:
1673:(Newly updated. ed.). Hoboken, NJ.
1516:
1514:
1512:
1359:against a development cost of more than
1326:
1277:
1151:
1120:
1007:
951:Lisa's printer support includes Apple's
880:
2357:. Mountain View, CA. January 19, 2023.
2294:
2069:
2067:
1957:Freiberger, Paul (September 14, 1981).
1859:from the original on February 20, 2008.
1569:Christoph Dernbach (October 12, 2007).
1479:History of the graphical user interface
1273:
1086:of memory, the maximum amount that the
985:drives, more commonly known by Apple's
5832:Pascal (programming language) software
5817:Computer-related introductions in 1983
5809:
2571:
2548:
2528:"Votes For And Against The NetWorkers"
2478:"A Look Back at Apple Products of Old"
2361:from the original on January 20, 2023.
2282:Lisa Operating System Reference Manual
2186:Macintosh Repair & Upgrade Secrets
2045:McCollum, Charles (October 16, 2011).
2014:
1846:
1714:
1654:Lisa Operating System Reference Manual
1295: (equivalent to $ 1,500 in 2023).
981:5.25-inch double-sided variable-speed
663:
555:and a document-oriented workflow. The
283:Local Integrated Software Architecture
3695:
2687:
2373:"The Lisa 2: Apple's ablest computer"
2331:from the original on January 20, 2023
2220:"Macintosh Kermit No-Progress Report"
2095:
1549:in hardware), and it only brought in
1509:
338: (equivalent to $ 30,600 in 2023)
2245:McGeever, Christine (June 3, 1985).
2179:
2143:
2064:
1737:The Practical Guide to the Apple IIc
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1164:
170:
97:adding citations to reliable sources
68:
27:
2319:"The Lisa Was Apple's Best Failure"
2316:
2017:"The Lisa Was Apple's Best Failure"
13:
3721:
2295:Ruggeri, Luca (January 17, 2018).
2096:Craig, David (February 16, 1993).
1136:4,000, and sales tripled, but CEO
829:Timeline of Apple Macintosh models
787:
14:
5863:
2609:
2549:Tiwari, Aditya (April 21, 2016).
2484:. August 19, 2013. Archived from
2452:"Quadratron's Lisa Office System"
2144:Mace, Scott (February 13, 1984).
1873:Williams, Gregg (February 1983).
1715:Rogers, Michael (February 1983).
1585:
1099:double-sided 3.5-inch floppy-disk
639:contrived later to fit the name.
43:This article has multiple issues.
5852:Discontinued Apple Inc. products
3507:Mouse and other pointing devices
3324:Macintosh Processor Upgrade Card
2627:Using Apple's Lisa for Real Work
2574:"Rosing outlines Sun's strategy"
2572:Farber, Daniel (March 7, 1989).
2317:Hsu, Hansen (January 19, 2023).
2218:da Cruz, Frank (June 11, 1984).
2015:Hansen, Hsu (January 19, 2023).
1825:Hertzfeld, Andy (October 1980).
1800:. Simon & Schuster. p.
1440:
1363:. The largest Lisa customer was
1168:
684:" form of its eventual release.
175:
73:
32:
5796:Timeline of Apple Inc. products
3346:Twentieth Anniversary Macintosh
2594:
2542:
2520:
2511:
2470:
2417:
2365:
2343:
2310:
2274:
2116:
2089:
2038:
2008:
1895:
1847:Hormby, Tom (October 5, 2005).
1840:
1116:
825:Timeline of the Apple II family
821:Timeline of Apple Inc. products
84:needs additional citations for
51:or discuss these issues on the
16:Personal computer by Apple Inc.
5117:AppleColor High-Resolution RGB
3395:AppleColor High-Resolution RGB
2247:"Apple's LISA meets a bad end"
1986:Markoff, John (May 10, 1982).
1959:"Apple Develops New Computers"
1785:
1757:
1727:
1708:
1660:
1646:
1562:
1243:, LisaList, and LisaTerminal.
617:
1:
1502:
992:Lisa 1's innovations include
933:and ruin the circuit boards.
593:, who had conceived of a sub-
2617:Tech: Apple Lisa Demo (1984)
1322:
374:
7:
5827:Products introduced in 1983
1607:Linzmayer, Owen W. (2004).
1433:
1416:object-oriented programming
1254:
1147:
876:
871:
201:the claims made and adding
10:
5868:
4910:Interactive Television Box
3640:Interactive Television Box
1875:"The Lisa Computer System"
1521:O'Grady, Jason D. (2009).
1258:
1160:
1128:
1035:Snow White design language
885:This Lisa I/O board has a
818:
612:
18:
5771:
5503:
5483:
5430:
5372:
5351:
5238:
5175:
5092:
5018:
5011:
4928:
4897:
4822:
4643:
4475:
4468:
4431:
4258:
3813:
3804:
3730:
3683:Apple hardware since 1998
3679:
3632:
3609:
3556:
3525:
3479:
3423:
3370:
3363:
3284:
3146:
3021:
2953:
2900:
2847:
2789:
2731:
2722:
1849:"History of Apple's Lisa"
1792:Isaacson, Walter (2011).
1615:San Francisco, California
1496:(adaptation for Lisa 2/5)
1398:
1003:
774:
693:Palo Alto Research Center
450:
436:
428:
420:
412:
402:
384:
368:
360:
342:
331:
313:
305:
297:
287:
277:
265:
256:
5112:AppleColor Composite IIe
3543:Apple Communication Slot
3390:AppleColor Composite IIe
2224:Info-Kermit mailing list
2102:Oberlin Computer Science
1771:. O'Reilly. p. 36.
1769:Revolution in the Valley
1525:. ABC-CLIO. p. 72.
1426:been achieved by Apple.
1371:for project management.
1144:was introduced in 1986.
895:graphical user interface
652:, and computer industry
487:graphical user interface
2355:Computer History Museum
815:Timeline of Lisa models
682:window-and-mouse-driven
622:
432:48 lb (22 kg)
5450:Letter Quality Printer
3329:Apple Workgroup Server
1945:Simon & Young 2006
1409:column-based interface
1332:
1283:
1157:
1156:Lisa Office System 3.1
1126:
1013:
890:
803:purchased about 5,000
576:memory management unit
348:; 38 years ago
319:; 41 years ago
5402:Apple II serial cards
4807:11 (4th) / 12.9 (6th)
4802:11 (3rd) / 12.9 (5th)
4797:11 (2nd) / 12.9 (4th)
4792:11 (1st) / 12.9 (3rd)
3772:Processor Direct Slot
3533:Apple II serial cards
3035:68k-based PowerBooks
2655:on September 21, 2005
2538:on November 19, 1997.
1330:
1281:
1229:disk operating system
1155:
1124:
1026:400K Sony microfloppy
1011:
884:
509:workstation only for
317:January 19, 1983
3341:Apple Network Server
3297:Big Mac and Baby Mac
2717:hardware before 1998
2561:on January 18, 2023.
1484:Cut, copy, and paste
1387:, in exchange for a
1299:Santa Cruz Operation
1274:Third-party software
565:random-access memory
93:improve this article
5837:68k-based computers
4615:16 Pro / 16 Pro Max
4605:15 Pro / 15 Pro Max
4595:14 Pro / 14 Pro Max
4585:13 Pro / 13 Pro Max
4575:12 Pro / 12 Pro Max
4565:11 Pro / 11 Pro Max
4059:5200 LC and 5300 LC
3681:See also template:
3576:Daisy Wheel Printer
3502:Adjustable Keyboard
3164:5200 LC and 5300 LC
2488:on November 5, 2013
2385:on October 4, 2006.
1767:(2005). "Bicycle".
1717:"The Birth of LISA"
1617:: No Starch Press.
1553:in sales for a net
1414:Apple's culture of
1374:The Lisa 2 and its
889:UV-EPROM installed.
664:Research and design
650:recursive backronym
547:. These include an
485:operable through a
346:August 1, 1986
253:
5445:Dot Matrix Printer
5417:Communication Slot
5297:Mice and trackpads
4266:Macintosh Portable
3571:Dot Matrix Printer
3308:Macintosh Performa
3276:Power Macintosh G3
3107:-based PowerBooks
3031:Macintosh Portable
2077:. January 30, 2013
2051:The Herald Journal
1721:Personal Computing
1333:
1284:
1180:. You can help by
1158:
1127:
1014:
891:
768:Apple Confidential
742:skunkworks project
716:magazine credited
545:IBM PC compatibles
424:Keyboard and mouse
332:Introductory price
251:
186:possibly contains
5804:
5803:
5499:
5498:
5470:Color LaserWriter
5465:410 Color Plotter
5007:
5006:
4787:10.5 / 12.9 (2nd)
4464:
4463:
3689:
3688:
3675:
3674:
3596:Color LaserWriter
3591:410 Color Plotter
3497:Extended Keyboard
3359:
3358:
3351:Macintosh history
3313:Macintosh Centris
2791:Compact Macintosh
1903:"Robert Paratore"
1811:978-1-4516-4853-9
1541:to develop Lisa (
1198:
1197:
553:memory protection
505:manufactured its
483:personal computer
464:
463:
309:Personal computer
249:
248:
241:
231:
230:
223:
188:original research
169:
168:
161:
143:
66:
5859:
5842:32-bit computers
5251:iPad accessories
5132:Multiple Scan 14
5016:
5015:
4782:9.7 / 12.9 (1st)
4473:
4472:
4439:Workgroup Server
4193:20th Anniversary
3811:
3810:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3692:
3410:Multiple Scan 14
3368:
3367:
2955:Macintosh Quadra
2729:
2728:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2684:
2679:Lisa Source Code
2670:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2648:. Archived from
2647:
2618:
2603:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2557:. Archived from
2546:
2540:
2539:
2532:Semaphore Signal
2524:
2518:
2515:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2474:
2468:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2431:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2393:
2387:
2386:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2314:
2308:
2307:
2305:
2303:
2292:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2215:
2209:
2208:
2177:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2149:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2104:. David T. Craig
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2031:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1888:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1844:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1822:
1816:
1815:
1799:
1789:
1783:
1782:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1742:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1613:(2nd ed.).
1604:
1583:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1518:
1450:
1445:
1444:
1386:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1343:
1301:(SCO) published
1294:
1206:protected memory
1202:operating system
1193:
1190:
1172:
1165:
1095:SCSI controllers
1085:
1081:
1074:
1064:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1023:
1019:
947:
945:
941:
925:
921:
917:
795:
709:
697:desktop metaphor
596:
549:operating system
519:
471:desktop computer
398:
370:Operating system
356:
354:
349:
337:
327:
325:
320:
280:
270:
261:
254:
250:
244:
237:
226:
219:
215:
212:
206:
203:inline citations
179:
178:
171:
164:
157:
153:
150:
144:
142:
101:
77:
69:
58:
36:
35:
28:
5867:
5866:
5862:
5861:
5860:
5858:
5857:
5856:
5822:Apple computers
5807:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5775:Hardware lists
5767:
5495:
5479:
5426:
5368:
5347:
5234:
5220:Tape Drive 40SC
5171:
5167:Pro Display XDR
5088:
5003:
4924:
4893:
4818:
4639:
4460:
4427:
4254:
4046:Power Macintosh
3800:
3733:
3726:
3720:
3690:
3685:
3671:
3628:
3605:
3552:
3521:
3475:
3471:Tape Drive 40SC
3424:External drives
3419:
3400:Macintosh Color
3355:
3320:(Macintosh PDS)
3280:
3148:Power Macintosh
3142:
3017:
2949:
2896:
2843:
2785:
2718:
2712:
2668:
2658:
2656:
2652:
2645:
2641:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2606:
2599:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2570:
2566:
2547:
2543:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2501:
2491:
2489:
2476:
2475:
2471:
2461:
2459:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2435:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2395:
2394:
2390:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2315:
2311:
2301:
2299:
2293:
2289:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2263:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2197:
2178:
2171:
2161:
2159:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2043:
2039:
2029:
2027:
2013:
2009:
1999:
1997:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1939:
1929:
1927:
1914:
1910:
1901:
1900:
1896:
1886:
1884:
1871:
1864:
1845:
1841:
1831:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1740:
1732:
1728:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1665:
1661:
1652:
1651:
1647:
1637:
1635:
1625:
1605:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1567:
1563:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1519:
1510:
1505:
1469:Brad Silverberg
1446:
1439:
1436:
1401:
1384:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1325:
1308:(version 3), a
1292:
1289:UNIX System III
1276:
1263:
1257:
1194:
1188:
1185:
1178:needs expansion
1163:
1150:
1133:
1119:
1083:
1076:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1042:
1021:
1017:
1006:
943:
939:
937:
919:
915:
913:
910:real-time clock
879:
874:
869:
867:
831:
817:
801:Sun Remarketing
793:
790:
788:Discontinuation
777:
707:
666:
658:Walter Isaacson
625:
620:
615:
594:
585:In 1982, after
517:
457:
443:
407:
393:
352:
350:
347:
335:
323:
321:
318:
278:
273:
245:
234:
233:
232:
227:
216:
210:
207:
192:
180:
176:
165:
154:
148:
145:
102:
100:
90:
78:
37:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5865:
5855:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5834:
5829:
5824:
5819:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5793:
5792:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5772:
5769:
5768:
5766:
5765:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5728:
5720:
5719:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5665:
5664:
5663:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5648:
5643:
5638:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5615:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5593:
5588:
5583:
5578:
5573:
5568:
5563:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5518:
5509:
5507:
5501:
5500:
5497:
5496:
5494:
5493:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5425:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5355:
5353:
5349:
5348:
5346:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5333:
5332:
5331:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5317:Magic Trackpad
5314:
5309:
5304:
5293:
5292:
5291:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5265:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5248:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5235:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5205:Hard Disk 20SC
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5181:
5179:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5153:
5152:
5147:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5127:AudioVision 14
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5098:
5096:
5090:
5089:
5087:
5086:
5085:
5084:
5083:
5082:
5072:
5067:
5057:
5052:
5051:
5050:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5033:
5022:
5020:
5013:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4996:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4984:
4974:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4962:
4952:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4894:
4892:
4891:
4890:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4828:
4826:
4820:
4819:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4774:
4773:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4737:
4736:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4710:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4675:
4670:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4649:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4617:
4612:
4607:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4547:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4481:
4479:
4470:
4466:
4465:
4462:
4461:
4459:
4458:
4453:
4451:Network Server
4448:
4447:
4446:
4435:
4433:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4401:
4391:
4390:
4389:
4384:
4374:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4337:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4315:
4314:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4268:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4231:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4195:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4161:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3817:
3815:
3808:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3769:
3759:
3754:
3744:
3738:
3736:
3728:
3727:
3719:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3627:
3626:
3621:
3615:
3613:
3607:
3606:
3604:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3562:
3560:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3456:Hard Disk 20SC
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3427:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3405:AudioVision 14
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3356:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3326:
3321:
3318:Apple IIe Card
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3286:
3282:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3266:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3158:
3152:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3077:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3033:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2906:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2720:
2719:
2711:
2710:
2703:
2696:
2688:
2682:
2681:
2676:
2665:
2639:
2634:
2632:Lisa 2/5 info.
2629:
2624:
2611:
2610:External links
2608:
2605:
2604:
2593:
2564:
2541:
2519:
2510:
2499:
2469:
2443:
2416:
2388:
2364:
2342:
2309:
2287:
2273:
2237:
2210:
2195:
2169:
2133:
2115:
2088:
2063:
2037:
2007:
1978:
1949:
1937:
1908:
1894:
1862:
1839:
1817:
1810:
1784:
1777:
1765:Andy Hertzfeld
1756:
1749:
1726:
1707:
1680:978-0471787846
1679:
1659:
1645:
1624:978-1593270100
1623:
1584:
1561:
1557:-million loss.
1531:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1452:
1451:
1435:
1432:
1400:
1397:
1389:Macintosh Plus
1324:
1321:
1275:
1272:
1259:Main article:
1256:
1253:
1196:
1195:
1175:
1173:
1162:
1159:
1149:
1146:
1142:Macintosh Plus
1129:Main article:
1118:
1115:
1107:edge connector
1037:elements. The
1005:
1002:
966:printers, and
899:Motorola 68000
878:
875:
873:
870:
832:
816:
813:
789:
786:
776:
773:
665:
662:
641:Andy Hertzfeld
624:
621:
619:
616:
614:
611:
462:
461:
452:
448:
447:
438:
434:
433:
430:
426:
425:
422:
418:
417:
414:
410:
409:
408:16 KB Boot ROM
404:
400:
399:
391:Motorola 68000
388:
382:
381:
372:
366:
365:
362:
358:
357:
344:
340:
339:
333:
329:
328:
315:
311:
310:
307:
303:
302:
301:Apple Computer
299:
295:
294:
292:Apple Computer
289:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
263:
262:
247:
246:
229:
228:
211:September 2015
183:
181:
174:
167:
166:
81:
79:
72:
67:
41:
40:
38:
31:
21:Lisa assembler
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5864:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5773:
5770:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5748:
5746:
5742:
5739:
5738:
5736:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5723:
5721:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5652:
5649:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5639:
5637:
5634:
5633:
5631:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5492:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5378:
5377:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5354:
5350:
5342:
5339:
5338:
5337:
5334:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5299:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5257:
5254:
5253:
5252:
5249:
5247:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5237:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5174:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5137:ColorSync 750
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5078:
5077:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5049:
5046:
5045:
5044:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5017:
5014:
5010:
5000:
4997:
4995:
4992:
4990:
4987:
4983:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4944:
4941:
4940:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4930:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4896:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4880:
4878:
4875:
4873:
4870:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4860:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4821:
4813:
4812:11 (5th) / 13
4810:
4808:
4805:
4803:
4800:
4798:
4795:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4779:
4778:
4775:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4738:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4705:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4642:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4620:
4618:
4616:
4613:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4546:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4526:
4523:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4482:
4480:
4478:
4474:
4471:
4467:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4436:
4434:
4430:
4422:
4421:Apple silicon
4419:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4409:
4405:
4404:Apple silicon
4402:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4379:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4267:
4264:
4263:
4261:
4257:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4229:
4228:Apple silicon
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:7200 and 8200
4112:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4089:6200 and 6300
4087:
4085:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4051:4400 and 7220
4049:
4048:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3981:
3980:
3977:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3957:LC 500 series
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3879:
3878:Color Classic
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3729:
3724:
3717:
3712:
3710:
3705:
3703:
3698:
3697:
3694:
3684:
3678:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3608:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3555:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3524:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3480:Input devices
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3428:
3426:
3422:
3416:
3415:ColorSync 750
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3369:
3366:
3362:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3289:
3287:
3285:Miscellaneous
3283:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3219:7200 and 8200
3217:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3194:6200 and 6300
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3156:4400 and 7220
3154:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3145:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2930:LC 500 series
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2899:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2840:
2839:Color Classic
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2697:
2695:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2666:
2651:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2614:
2613:
2602:
2597:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2545:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2514:
2508:
2507:Isaacson 2011
2503:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2473:
2457:
2453:
2447:
2436:September 24,
2432:. Postimg.com
2428:
2427:
2420:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2380:
2379:
2374:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2346:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2324:IEEE Spectrum
2320:
2313:
2298:
2291:
2284:. p. 50.
2283:
2277:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2241:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2192:
2188:
2187:
2182:
2176:
2174:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2140:
2138:
2129:
2125:
2119:
2108:September 24,
2103:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2070:
2068:
2052:
2048:
2041:
2026:
2022:
2021:IEEE Spectrum
2018:
2011:
1995:
1994:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1965:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1898:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1869:
1867:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1843:
1828:
1821:
1813:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1797:
1788:
1780:
1778:0-596-00719-1
1774:
1770:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1750:0-201-09660-9
1746:
1739:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1703:
1697:
1682:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1663:
1656:. p. 34.
1655:
1649:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1573:. Mac History
1572:
1565:
1558:
1551:$ 100 million
1545:in software,
1543:$ 100 million
1539:$ 150 million
1534:
1532:9780313362446
1528:
1524:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1508:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1459:Bill Atkinson
1457:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1443:
1438:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1381:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1367:, which used
1366:
1361:$ 150 million
1357:$ 100 million
1350:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1282:Lisa Workshop
1280:
1271:
1269:
1262:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1192:
1183:
1179:
1176:This section
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1154:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1123:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1091:
1090:can address.
1089:
1080:
1073:
1067:
1056:
1046:
1040:
1036:
1031:
1027:
1010:
1001:
999:
995:
990:
988:
984:
980:
975:
973:
970:'s new color
969:
965:
962:
958:
954:
949:
934:
932:
928:
924:
911:
906:
903:
900:
896:
888:
883:
830:
826:
822:
812:
810:
806:
805:Macintosh XLs
802:
797:
785:
783:
772:
769:
765:
761:
756:
755:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
723:Bruce Daniels
719:
715:
714:
704:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
661:
659:
655:
651:
647:
642:
638:
634:
630:
610:
608:
603:
598:
592:
588:
583:
581:
577:
573:
568:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
497:such as from
496:
495:minicomputers
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
473:developed by
472:
468:
460:
456:
453:
449:
446:
442:
441:Apple II Plus
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
405:
401:
397:
392:
389:
387:
383:
380:
376:
373:
371:
367:
363:
359:
345:
341:
334:
330:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:Also known as
276:
269:
264:
260:
255:
243:
240:
225:
222:
214:
204:
200:
196:
190:
189:
184:This article
182:
173:
172:
163:
160:
152:
141:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
117:
113:
110: –
109:
105:
104:Find sources:
98:
94:
88:
87:
82:This article
80:
76:
71:
70:
65:
63:
56:
55:
50:
49:
44:
39:
30:
29:
26:
22:
5395:Time Capsule
5200:Hard Disk 20
4610:16 / 16 Plus
4600:15 / 15 Plus
4590:14 / 14 Plus
4580:13 / 13 Mini
4570:12 / 12 Mini
4530:6S / 6S Plus
4155:9000 series
4135:8000 series
4105:7000 series
4080:6000 series
4055:5000 series
3972:Macintosh TV
3826:Macintosh XL
3820:
3451:Hard Disk 20
3303:Macintosh XL
3291:
3260:9000 series
3240:8000 series
3210:7000 series
3185:6000 series
3160:5000 series
2945:Macintosh TV
2902:Macintosh LC
2849:Macintosh II
2657:. Retrieved
2650:the original
2596:
2584:. Retrieved
2582:. p. 54
2577:
2567:
2559:the original
2554:
2544:
2536:the original
2531:
2522:
2513:
2502:
2492:September 8,
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2482:Technologeek
2481:
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2455:
2446:
2434:. Retrieved
2425:
2419:
2407:. Retrieved
2400:
2391:
2383:the original
2376:
2367:
2354:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2322:
2312:
2300:. Retrieved
2290:
2281:
2276:
2264:. Retrieved
2250:
2240:
2230:February 24,
2228:. Retrieved
2223:
2213:
2185:
2160:. Retrieved
2153:
2127:
2118:
2106:. Retrieved
2101:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2056:February 24,
2054:. Retrieved
2040:
2028:. Retrieved
2020:
2010:
1998:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1962:
1952:
1940:
1928:. Retrieved
1921:
1911:
1897:
1885:. Retrieved
1878:
1852:
1842:
1830:. Retrieved
1827:"Good Earth"
1820:
1795:
1787:
1768:
1759:
1736:
1729:
1720:
1710:
1684:. Retrieved
1669:
1662:
1653:
1648:
1636:. Retrieved
1609:
1577:November 15,
1575:. Retrieved
1571:"Apple Lisa"
1564:
1547:$ 50 million
1536:
1522:
1475:Technology:
1448:1980s portal
1428:
1424:
1413:
1402:
1393:Hard Disk 20
1380:Macintosh XL
1373:
1346:
1335:
1334:
1313:command-line
1297:
1285:
1268:Macintosh XL
1264:
1249:
1245:
1237:
1199:
1186:
1182:adding to it
1177:
1138:John Sculley
1134:
1131:Macintosh XL
1125:Macintosh XL
1117:Macintosh XL
1092:
1047:
1038:
1029:
1015:
991:
976:
974:technology.
950:
935:
907:
892:
887:Macintosh XL
798:
791:
782:Macintosh XL
778:
767:
752:
746:
736:'s existing
731:
727:Larry Tesler
718:Wayne Rosing
712:
708:$ 50 million
705:
690:
686:Trip Hawkins
667:
626:
607:Macintosh XL
599:
584:
572:office suite
569:
542:
534:floppy disks
515:
466:
465:
455:Macintosh XL
343:Discontinued
314:Release date
298:Manufacturer
235:
217:
208:
185:
155:
149:October 2023
146:
136:
129:
122:
115:
108:"Apple Lisa"
103:
91:Please help
86:verification
83:
59:
52:
46:
45:Please help
42:
25:
5475:StyleWriter
5460:LaserWriter
5455:ImageWriter
5359:Click wheel
5329:Siri Remote
5246:Desktop Bus
5230:Xserve RAID
5162:Thunderbolt
5102:Monitor III
5070:SoundSticks
5012:Accessories
4938:Apple Watch
4555:XS / XS Max
4411:MacBook Pro
4394:MacBook Air
3601:StyleWriter
3586:LaserWriter
3581:ImageWriter
3492:Desktop Bus
3385:Monitor III
3364:Peripherals
3299:(cancelled)
2987:600 series
2335:January 19,
2266:October 26,
2181:Pina, Larry
1930:October 19,
1887:October 19,
1853:Low End Mac
1369:LisaProject
1241:LisaProject
1233:File system
983:floppy disk
961:ImageWriter
957:Daisy Wheel
931:electrolyte
809:Logan, Utah
691:At Xerox's
618:Development
580:workstation
437:Predecessor
5811:Categories
5373:Networking
5341:OneScanner
5278:Adjustable
5225:SuperDrive
5107:Monitor II
5065:iPod Hi-Fi
5055:Headphones
4999:Vision Pro
4960:MessagePad
4898:Unreleased
4619:iPhone SE
4540:8 / 8 Plus
4535:7 / 7 Plus
4525:6 / 6 Plus
4335:500 series
4276:100 series
4250:Mac Studio
3873:Classic II
3619:MessagePad
3526:Networking
3380:Monitor II
3292:Apple Lisa
3098:500 series
3039:100 series
2834:Classic II
2196:0672484528
2162:January 6,
2128:macgui.com
2000:August 26,
1796:Steve Jobs
1686:January 6,
1638:January 6,
1633:1194892877
1503:References
1189:March 2019
1068:offered a
964:dot matrix
953:Dot Matrix
819:See also:
760:Xerox Star
734:Jef Raskin
678:John Couch
674:Good Earth
646:Jef Raskin
591:Jef Raskin
587:Steve Jobs
522:hard drive
503:Xerox PARC
491:mainframes
361:Units sold
353:1986-08-01
324:1983-01-19
195:improve it
119:newspapers
48:improve it
5747:W series
5737:U series
5722:T series
5667:S series
5657:R series
5632:M series
5617:H series
5586:A12X/A12Z
5512:A series
5440:Silentype
5412:LocalTalk
5407:USB Modem
5364:Nike+iPod
5268:Keyboards
5190:Macintosh
5145:1998–2004
4994:QuickTake
4965:eMate 300
4740:iPad Mini
4387:2015–2019
4382:2006–2012
4271:PowerBook
3932:LC family
3885:II family
3796:Apple III
3732:Apple II
3624:eMate 300
3566:Silentype
3538:LocalTalk
3517:QuickTake
3441:Macintosh
3023:PowerBook
2724:Computers
2659:March 10,
2555:Fossbytes
2261:0199-6649
2252:InfoWorld
2155:InfoWorld
2030:August 6,
1993:InfoWorld
1964:InfoWorld
1832:March 11,
1696:cite book
1523:Apple Inc
1464:Rich Page
1405:Macintosh
1378:-enabled
1353:US$ 9,995
1349:Apple III
1323:Reception
1317:Multiplan
1310:Unix-like
1303:Microsoft
1222:Apple III
1204:features
1200:The Lisa
1103:backplane
1084:2 MB
1077:512
1070:1.5
1043:1 MB
1039:Lisa 2/10
998:redundant
799:In 1987,
754:InfoWorld
738:Macintosh
637:backronym
561:megabytes
538:Macintosh
518:US$ 9,995
479:Macintosh
459:Macintosh
451:Successor
445:Apple III
406:1 MB RAM,
336:US$ 9,995
288:Developer
199:verifying
54:talk page
5484:Security
5432:Printers
5283:Wireless
5273:Extended
5094:Displays
5060:Speakers
4933:Apple TV
4920:W.A.L.T.
4905:AirPower
4777:iPad Pro
4703:iPad Air
4245:Mac Mini
4036:Performa
3814:Desktops
3784:IIc Plus
3767:IIe Card
3747:Apple II
3725:hardware
3667:W.A.L.T.
3558:Printers
3487:Keyboard
3436:FileWare
3372:Displays
2781:III Plus
2766:IIc Plus
2733:Apple II
2462:July 27,
2409:March 8,
2359:Archived
2329:Archived
2183:(1990).
2081:April 7,
1971:April 8,
1857:Archived
1455:People:
1434:See also
1261:MacWorks
1255:MacWorks
1214:Motorola
1148:Software
1055:Apple II
1045:of RAM.
1030:Lisa 2/5
987:codename
979:FileWare
877:Hardware
872:Overview
670:Apple II
602:Apple II
563:(MB) of
557:hardware
532:Twiggy)
530:codename
526:FileWare
5784:iPhones
5505:Silicon
5422:GeoPort
5390:Extreme
5385:Express
5380:AirPort
5336:Scanner
5215:PowerCD
5210:AppleCD
5195:ProFile
5185:Disk II
5141:Studio
5075:HomePod
5026:AirPods
4989:PowerCD
4972:Paladin
4847:Shuffle
4832:Classic
4469:Devices
4432:Servers
4377:MacBook
4259:Laptops
4240:Mac Pro
4181:G4 Cube
4041:Centris
3967:5200 LC
3868:Classic
3833:Compact
3757:II Plus
3742:Apple I
3650:Paladin
3548:GeoPort
3512:Scanner
3466:PowerCD
3461:AppleCD
3446:ProFile
3431:Disk II
3105:PowerPC
2940:5200 LC
2829:Classic
2751:II Plus
2674:YouTube
2622:YouTube
2579:MacWEEK
2302:May 11,
2205:89-6375
2148:$ 3,500
1489:Visi On
1385:$ 1,498
1376:Mac ROM
1342:$ 9,995
1161:Lisa OS
1062:
1058:
1022:$ 5,495
1018:$ 3,495
944:
940:
923:AA-cell
920:
916:
794:$ 4,995
764:a mouse
654:pundits
629:acronym
613:History
595:$ 1,000
413:Display
375:Lisa OS
351: (
322: (
193:Please
133:scholar
5491:AirTag
5324:Remote
5307:Mighty
5263:iSight
5256:Pencil
5177:Drives
5157:Cinema
4982:Bandai
4977:Pippin
4955:Newton
4950:Beddit
4915:Mac NC
4477:iPhone
4456:Xserve
3979:Quadra
3962:LC 630
3952:LC 475
3947:LC III
3734:family
3660:Bandai
3655:Pippin
3645:Mac NC
3611:Newton
2935:LC 630
2925:LC 475
2920:LC III
2586:May 1,
2456:ST.Mac
2430:(JPEG)
2259:
2203:
2193:
1808:
1775:
1747:
1677:
1631:
1621:
1529:
1494:GEMDOS
1399:Legacy
1097:, and
1050:
1012:Lisa 2
1004:Lisa 2
972:inkjet
959:, and
827:, and
775:Launch
749:IBM PC
403:Memory
364:10,000
135:
128:
121:
114:
106:
5789:iPads
5312:Magic
5288:Magic
5239:Input
5122:Color
5043:Beats
5019:Audio
4943:Ultra
4852:Touch
4416:Intel
4399:Intel
4372:iBook
4355:2400c
4350:3400c
4218:Intel
4029:840AV
3994:660AV
3942:LC II
3863:SE/30
3848:512Ke
3723:Apple
3633:Other
3131:2400c
3126:3400c
3111:2300c
3001:660AV
2983:840AV
2915:LC II
2824:SE/30
2809:512Ke
2715:Apple
2653:(PDF)
2646:(PDF)
1741:(PDF)
1723:: 89.
1306:Xenix
1293:$ 495
1218:68000
1210:Sun-1
994:block
968:Canon
551:with
511:Xerox
475:Apple
469:is a
421:Input
379:Xenix
140:JSTOR
126:books
5779:Macs
5571:A10X
5352:iPod
5150:2022
5080:Mini
5048:Pill
4842:Nano
4837:Mini
4824:iPod
4698:10th
4645:iPad
4444:9150
4345:1400
4340:5300
4235:eMac
4198:iMac
4164:9600
4159:9500
4149:8600
4144:8500
4139:8100
4129:7600
4124:7500
4119:7300
4109:7100
4099:6500
4094:6400
4084:6100
4074:5500
4069:5400
4064:5260
3925:IIvx
3920:IIvi
3915:IIsi
3910:IIfx
3905:IIci
3900:IIcx
3853:Plus
3843:512K
3838:128K
3821:Lisa
3789:IIGS
3334:9150
3269:9600
3264:9500
3254:8600
3249:8500
3244:8100
3234:7600
3229:7500
3224:7300
3214:7100
3204:6500
3199:6400
3189:6100
3179:5500
3174:5400
3169:5260
3121:1400
3116:5300
2892:IIvx
2887:IIvi
2882:IIsi
2877:IIfx
2872:IIci
2867:IIcx
2814:Plus
2804:512K
2799:128K
2771:IIGS
2661:2006
2588:2024
2494:2015
2464:2024
2438:2019
2411:2016
2402:BYTE
2378:BYTE
2337:2023
2304:2020
2268:2017
2257:ISSN
2232:2016
2201:LCCN
2191:ISBN
2164:2014
2110:2019
2083:2016
2058:2014
2032:2024
2025:IEEE
2002:2015
1973:2019
1932:2013
1923:BYTE
1889:2013
1880:BYTE
1834:2019
1806:ISBN
1773:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1702:link
1688:2014
1675:ISBN
1640:2014
1629:OCLC
1619:ISBN
1579:2012
1555:$ 50
1527:ISBN
1420:Pink
1403:The
1391:and
1365:NASA
1337:BYTE
1291:for
1020:and
927:NiCd
908:The
713:BYTE
701:Alto
633:Lisa
623:Name
507:Alto
467:Lisa
429:Mass
394:@ 5
306:Type
252:Lisa
112:news
5676:S1P
5611:A17
5606:A16
5601:A15
5596:A14
5591:A13
5581:A12
5576:A11
5566:A10
5561:A9X
5551:A8X
5536:A6X
5526:A5X
5302:USB
5036:Max
5031:Pro
4887:7th
4882:6th
4877:5th
4872:4th
4867:3rd
4862:2nd
4857:1st
4770:6th
4765:5th
4745:1st
4733:6th
4728:5th
4723:4th
4718:3rd
4708:1st
4693:9th
4688:8th
4683:7th
4678:6th
4673:5th
4668:4th
4663:3rd
4653:1st
4633:3rd
4628:2nd
4623:1st
4495:3GS
4485:1st
4328:230
4323:210
4318:Duo
4311:190
4306:150
4301:180
4296:160
4291:170
4286:140
4281:100
4223:Pro
4024:800
4019:950
4014:900
4009:700
4004:630
3999:605
3989:650
3984:610
3895:IIx
3806:Mac
3779:IIc
3762:IIe
3091:230
3086:210
3081:Duo
3074:190
3069:150
3064:180
3059:160
3054:170
3049:140
3044:100
3011:630
3006:605
2996:650
2991:610
2978:800
2973:950
2968:900
2963:700
2862:IIx
2776:III
2761:IIc
2756:IIe
2672:on
2620:on
1225:SOS
1184:.
1111:I/O
1088:MMU
1066:AST
946:364
938:720
902:CPU
766:."
499:IBM
493:or
396:MHz
386:CPU
197:by
95:by
5813::
5761:W3
5756:W2
5751:W1
5741:U1
5731:T2
5726:T1
5716:S9
5711:S8
5706:S7
5701:S6
5696:S5
5691:S4
5686:S3
5681:S2
5671:S1
5661:R1
5651:M4
5646:M3
5641:M2
5636:M1
5626:H2
5621:H1
5556:A9
5546:A8
5541:A7
5531:A6
5521:A5
5516:A4
4560:11
4550:XR
4520:5S
4515:5C
4505:4S
4490:3G
4365:G4
4360:G3
4213:G5
4208:G4
4203:G3
4186:G5
4176:G4
4171:G3
3937:LC
3890:II
3858:SE
3752:II
3136:G3
2910:LC
2857:II
2819:SE
2746:II
2576:.
2553:.
2530:.
2480:.
2454:.
2399:.
2375:.
2353:.
2327:.
2321:.
2249:.
2222:.
2199:.
2172:^
2152:.
2136:^
2126:.
2100:.
2066:^
2049:.
2023:.
2019:.
1990:.
1961:.
1920:.
1877:.
1865:^
1855:.
1851:.
1804:.
1802:93
1719:.
1698:}}
1694:{{
1627:.
1587:^
1535:.
1511:^
1270:.
1079:KB
1072:MB
955:,
823:,
784:.
751:,
609:.
377:,
57:.
4760:4
4755:3
4750:2
4713:2
4658:2
4545:X
4510:5
4500:4
3715:e
3708:t
3701:v
2741:I
2707:e
2700:t
2693:v
2663:.
2590:.
2496:.
2466:.
2440:.
2413:.
2339:.
2306:.
2270:.
2234:.
2207:.
2166:.
2150:"
2130:.
2112:.
2085:.
2060:.
2034:.
2004:.
1975:.
1947:.
1934:.
1905:.
1891:.
1836:.
1814:.
1781:.
1753:.
1704:)
1690:.
1642:.
1581:.
1191:)
1187:(
1060:—
942:×
918:×
914:4
528:(
355:)
326:)
242:)
236:(
224:)
218:(
213:)
209:(
191:.
162:)
156:(
151:)
147:(
137:·
130:·
123:·
116:·
89:.
64:)
60:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
