184:, ion transient signal may not be stable until the ions settle into their oscillations. Toward the end, subtle ion collisions have added up to cause noticeable dephasing. This presents a problem for the Fourier transformation, as it averages the oscillatory signal across the length of the time-domain measurement. The software allows “apodization”, the removal of the front and back section of the transient signal from consideration in the FT calculation. Thus, apodization improves the resolution of the resulting mass spectrum. Another way to improve the quality of the transient is to wait to collect data until ions have settled into stable oscillatory motion within the trap.
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Some lenses use other methods to reduce the amount of light let in. For example, the
Minolta/Sony STF 135mm f/2.8 T4.5 lens however, has a special design introduced in 1999, which accomplishes this by utilizing a concave neutral-gray tinted lens element as an apodization filter, thereby producing a
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which decrease the amount of light coming into the camera. These are not strictly an example of apodization, since the diaphragm does not produce a smooth transition to zero intensity, nor does it provide shaping of the intensity profile (beyond the obvious all-or-nothing, "top hat" transmission of
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Since side lobes of the Airy disk are responsible for degrading the image, techniques for suppressing them are utilized. If the imaging beam has
Gaussian distribution, when the truncation ratio (the ratio of the diameter of the Gaussian beam to the diameter of the truncating aperture) is set to 1,
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Apodization is used in telescope optics in order to improve the dynamic range of the image. For example, stars with low intensity in the close vicinity of very bright stars can be made visible using this technique, and even images of planets can be obtained when otherwise obscured by the bright
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atmosphere of the star they orbit. Generally, apodization reduces the resolution of an optical image; however because it reduces diffraction edge effects, it can actually enhance certain small details. In fact, the notion of resolution, as it is commonly defined with the
357:, is connected to a circular pupil, without any obstruction, and with a uniform transmission. Any change in the shape of the pupil (for example a square instead of a circle), or its transmission, results in an alteration in the associated diffraction pattern.
215:
200:. Typically, NMR signals are truncated due to time constraints (indirect dimension) or to obtain a higher signal-to-noise ratio. In order to reduce truncation artifacts, the signals are subjected to apodization with different types of
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Modifying how much a lens transmits as a function of the lateral position, leads to a slightly wider and weaker focus, but at the same time removes the rings around it, thus limiting imaging artifacts.
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234:, and it may be a complicated function to tailor the system to certain properties. Usually, it refers to a non-uniform illumination or transmission profile that approaches zero at the edges.
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349:, is in this case partially irrelevant. One has to understand that the image formed in the focal plane of a lens (or a mirror) is modeled through the
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FIRST RESULTS FROM VERY LARGE TELESCOPE NACO APODIZING PHASE PLATE: 4 μm IMAGES OF THE EXOPLANET β PICTORIS b*
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113:. The function may represent an electrical signal, an optical transmission, or a mechanical structure. In
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482:. Marshall, Gerald F., Stutz, Glenn E. (2nd ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2012.
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analyzer to smooth the discontinuities at the beginning and end of the sampled time record.
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spacefellowship.com Note: this article includes several images of such a phase plate
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573:"Neu von Sony: E-Mount-Objektive 100 mm F2.8 STF GM, FE 85 mm F1.8; Blitz HVL-F45RM"
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instead of the more common brick-wall filters, in order to reduce the pre- and post-
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the side-lobes become negligible and the beam profile becomes purely
Gaussian.
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Savaryn, John P.; Toby, Timothy K.; Kelleher, Neil L. (September 2016).
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provide a relatively easy way to achieve tailored optical apodization.
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function is used to purposely change the input intensity profile of an
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signal processing. An example of apodization is the use of the
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announced a lens utilizing a similar apodization filter in the
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Continuing
Education in Anaesthesia, Critical Care & Pain
459:
NMR data processing: Phase correction, Scaling of first point
276:
410:"A researcher's guide to mass spectrometry-based proteomics"
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laser beam input profile is also an example of apodization.
559:""Bokeh-Gigant": Fujinon XF 1,2/56 mm R APD (aktualisiert)"
304:
144:
The term apodization is used frequently in publications on
109:"removing the foot") is the modification of the shape of a
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elements using variable voltages in apodization process.
279:. The same optical effect can be achieved by combining
387:"MQA Time-domain Accuracy & Digital Audio Quality"
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Apodization in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
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Ng, Alexander; Swanevelder, Justiaan (October 2011).
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353:formalism. The classical diffraction pattern, the
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125:around an intensity peak, improving the focus.
666:Planet hunters no longer blinded by the light.
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57:. There might be a discussion about this on
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77:Learn how and when to remove this message
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603:"Photon sieves benefit space telescopes"
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480:Handbook of optical and laser scanning
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397:from the original on 10 March 2023.
164:An apodizing filter can be used in
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656:The Astrophysical Journal (Letter)
527:"Resolution in ultrasound imaging"
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601:Hewett, Jacqueline (2007-06-01).
146:Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR)
117:, it is primarily used to remove
630:(2nd ed.). Addison Wesley.
176:Apodization in mass spectrometry
140:Apodization in signal processing
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583:from the original on 2017-02-11
301:Fujinon XF 56mm F1.2 R APD lens
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385:Robjohns, Hugh (August 2016).
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254:can be reduced by activating
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313:Sony FE 100mm F2.8 STF GM OSS
226:In optical design jargon, an
180:During oscillation within an
27:Function in signal processing
319:) based on the same optical
172:that the latter introduces.
160:Apodization in digital audio
7:
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266:Most camera lenses contain
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262:Apodization in photography
192:Apodization is applied to
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129:Apodization in electronics
579:(in German). 2017-02-07.
281:depth-of-field bracketing
544:10.1093/bjaceaccp/mkr030
340:Apodization in astronomy
287:, as implemented in the
196:signals before discrete
166:digital audio processing
248:medical ultrasonography
510:: CS1 maint: others (
426:10.1002/pmic.201600113
238:Apodization in imaging
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198:Fourier Transformation
154:fast Fourier transform
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256:ultrasonic transducer
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208:Apodization in optics
133:Further information:
111:mathematical function
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367:Apodization function
47:confusing or unclear
351:Fresnel diffraction
55:clarify the article
393:. Sound On Sound.
347:Rayleigh criterion
321:Smooth Trans Focus
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684:Signal processing
637:978-0-201-11609-0
626:E. Hecht (1987).
420:(18): 2435–2443.
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53:Please help
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323:principle.
303:. In 2017,
295:. In 2014,
228:apodization
150:Hann window
123:diffraction
103:apodization
18:Apodisation
612:2007-06-05
607:Optics.org
587:2017-02-10
577:Photoscala
466:2022-01-17
414:Proteomics
373:References
268:diaphragms
121:caused by
119:Airy disks
49:to readers
506:cite book
498:756724023
355:Airy disk
275:pleasant
93:Airy disk
678:Category
581:Archived
444:27553853
395:Archived
361:See also
328:Gaussian
297:Fujifilm
182:Orbitrap
67:May 2010
435:5198776
309:E-mount
170:ringing
152:in the
45:may be
634:
628:Optics
496:
486:
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115:optics
105:(from
283:with
277:bokeh
107:Greek
632:ISBN
512:link
494:OCLC
484:ISBN
440:PMID
305:Sony
539:doi
430:PMC
422:doi
291:'s
246:In
204:.
194:NMR
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