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Anti-inflammatory

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2655: 1669: 2675: 1690: 2665: 36: 2701: 171:, which only reduces pain, likely explaining why it has minimal effect on inflammation; paracetamol is sometimes combined with an NSAID (in place of an opioid) in clinical practice to enhance the pain relief of the NSAID, while still receiving the injury/disease modulating effect of NSAID-induced inflammation reduction (which is not received from opioid/paracetamol combinations). 187:, resulting in death. The risk of death as a result of GI bleeding caused by the use of NSAIDs is 1 in 12,000 for adults aged 16–45. The risk increases almost twentyfold for those over 75. Other dangers of NSAIDs are exacerbating asthma and causing kidney damage. Apart from aspirin, prescription and over-the-counter NSAIDs also increase the risk of 325:
Ottani, Alessandra; Leone, Sheila; Sandrini, Maurizio; Ferrari, Anna; Bertolini, Alfio (February 15, 2006). "The analgesic activity of paracetamol is prevented by the blockade of cannabinoid CB1 receptors".
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Dani, Mélina; Guindon, Josée; Lambert, Chantal; Beaulieu, Pierre (November 14, 2007). "The local antinociceptive effects of paracetamol in neuropathic pain are mediated by cannabinoid receptors".
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in the U.S). Contrary to NSAIDs, which reduce pain and inflammation by inhibiting COX enzymes, paracetamol has—as early as 2006—been shown to block the reuptake of
137:, creating inflammation. In whole, the NSAIDs prevent the prostaglandins from ever being synthesized, reducing or eliminating the inflammation and resulting pain. 488:
Trelle, Sven; Reichenbach, Stephan; Wandel, Simon; Hildebrand, Pius; Tschannen, Beatrice; Villiger, Peter M.; Egger, Matthias; JĂĽni, Peter (11 January 2011).
57: 2658: 1621: 701: 1727: 458: 152:. The newer specific COX-inhibitors are not classified together with the traditional NSAIDs, even though they presumably share the same mode of action. 669: 2075: 1678: 282:
Knights KM, Mangoni AA, Miners JO (November 2010). "Defining the COX inhibitor selectivity of NSAIDs: implications for understanding toxicity".
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that are commonly associated with anti-inflammatory drugs but that have no anti-inflammatory effects. An example is
406:"Combined acetaminophen and ibuprofen for pain relief after oral surgery in adults: a randomized controlled trial" 1228: 684: 466: 249:. They are also being investigated for use in diseases and injuries involving inflammation of the brain (e.g., 226: 17: 648: 233:
benefits, they are widely utilized in the treatment of diseases related to inflammation of the lungs, such as
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Scott JP, Peters-Golden M (September 2013). "Antileukotriene agents for the treatment of lung disease".
229:), and consequently oppose the function of these inflammatory mediators. Although they are not used for 2691: 1188: 677: 2612: 2637: 1243: 921: 772: 49: 1280: 1035: 250: 109: 2617: 2607: 2602: 2592: 965: 901: 746: 188: 2587: 2564: 2045: 1917: 1040: 1020: 889: 404:
Merry AF, Gibbs RD, Edwards J, Ting GS, Frampton C, Davies E, Anderson BJ (January 2010).
8: 2641: 2597: 2514: 1892: 1649: 1385: 1171: 950: 777: 222: 2504: 2437: 1683: 1548: 1407: 861: 563: 538: 514: 490:"Cardiovascular safety of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: network meta-analysis" 489: 487: 430: 405: 307: 89: 2674: 2534: 2384: 1947: 1922: 1689: 1644: 1427: 1417: 1150: 1106: 1090: 894: 884: 827: 817: 603: 568: 519: 435: 386: 351: 311: 299: 246: 242: 2298: 1654: 1477: 1402: 1390: 1315: 1181: 1060: 849: 595: 558: 550: 509: 501: 425: 417: 378: 343: 335: 291: 214: 168: 1121: 368: 324: 2705: 2678: 2416: 2406: 2364: 1830: 1748: 1694: 1639: 1508: 1503: 1342: 1275: 1270: 1156: 1102: 943: 834: 787: 382: 339: 204: 1744: 1740: 2390: 2165: 2030: 1942: 1867: 1852: 1847: 1841: 1770: 1673: 1573: 1568: 1422: 1412: 1362: 1347: 1337: 1238: 1233: 1223: 1161: 1133: 1085: 1080: 812: 767: 763: 599: 262: 180: 134: 130: 2715: 2524: 2401: 2214: 2199: 2080: 2015: 1605: 1578: 1437: 1255: 1166: 1146: 1142: 1005: 933: 822: 737: 554: 164: 2396: 2359: 2344: 2288: 2273: 2268: 2219: 2194: 2184: 2179: 1937: 1815: 1795: 1790: 1780: 1762: 1563: 1482: 1218: 1176: 1010: 1000: 916: 911: 607: 572: 523: 439: 390: 355: 303: 85: 2632:
indicates initially developed first-in-class compound of specific group;
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Long-term use of NSAIDs can cause gastric erosions, which can become
156: 145: 2369: 2349: 2335: 2283: 2257: 2204: 2128: 2123: 2095: 2085: 2025: 2020: 1988: 1820: 1805: 1775: 1634: 1498: 1494: 1467: 906: 839: 758: 149: 2569: 2170: 1983: 1932: 1876: 1610: 1528: 1193: 960: 782: 732: 623:"Old rat brains rejuvenated and new neurons grown by asthma drug" 141: 105: 104:. These drugs remedy pain by reducing inflammation as opposed to 209:
Antileukotrienes are anti-inflammatory agents which function as
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is the property of a substance or treatment that reduces
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Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System
536: 403: 281: 649:"Asthma drug found to rejuvenate older rat brains" 585: 539:"Glucocorticosteroids in football: use and misuse" 133:(COX) enzyme. On its own, COX enzyme synthesizes 27:Substance that reduces or suppresses inflammation 2713: 494:British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.) 579: 1721: 685: 537:Dvorak J, Feddermann N, Grimm K (July 2006). 129:(NSAIDs) alleviate pain by counteracting the 700:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the 530: 453: 451: 449: 397: 275: 1728: 1714: 692: 678: 562: 513: 429: 620: 446: 60:of all important aspects of the article. 14: 2714: 1679:Pharmacological classification systems 1046:Selective estrogen receptor modulators 481: 183:and in extreme cases can cause severe 112:to block pain signaling to the brain. 56:Please consider expanding the lead to 1737:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 1709: 1326:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 673: 621:Hamzelou, Jessica (23 October 2015). 2664: 127:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 116:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 29: 2315:COX-inhibiting nitric oxide donator 939:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists 198: 140:Some common examples of NSAIDs are 122:Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 24: 543:British Journal of Sports Medicine 25: 2733: 646: 2699: 2673: 2663: 2654: 2653: 1688: 1668: 1667: 371:European Journal of Pharmacology 328:European Journal of Pharmacology 34: 2565:Superoxide dismutase / orgotein 1076:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones 640: 227:cysteinyl leukotriene receptors 174: 48:may be too short to adequately 1877:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 614: 410:British Journal of Anaesthesia 362: 318: 58:provide an accessible overview 13: 1: 828:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics 588:Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med 268: 155:On the other hand, there are 1539:Wakefulness-promoting agents 383:10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.012 340:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.12.015 7: 1943:Salicylic acid (salicylate) 465:. Bandolier. Archived from 256: 219:arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase 10: 2738: 1189:Intravenous immunoglobulin 600:10.1164/rccm.201301-0023PP 463:NSAIDs and adverse effects 202: 119: 2649: 2626: 2578: 2497: 2415: 2328: 2164: 2109: 1956: 1866: 1756: 1663: 1619: 1591: 1547: 1356: 1291: 1254: 1202: 1115: 1059: 1019: 976: 860: 796: 708: 284:Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2722:Anti-inflammatory agents 2613:Naproxen/diphenhydramine 1244:Topoisomerase inhibitors 928:renin–angiotensin system 922:Calcium channel blockers 555:10.1136/bjsm.2006.027599 100:, make up about half of 2634:WHO-Essential Medicines 1962:and related substances 1036:Hormonal contraception 966:Bile acid sequestrants 747:Proton-pump inhibitors 710:gastrointestinal tract 110:central nervous system 2618:Naproxen/esomeprazole 2608:Meloxicam/bupivacaine 2603:Ibuprofen/paracetamol 2593:Ibuprofen/hydrocodone 2588:Ibuprofen/famotidine 2046:Indometacin farnesil 1918:Magnesium salicylate 1739:(NSAIDs) (primarily 1645:Radiopharmaceuticals 1433:Antiparkinson agents 469:on February 18, 2012 223:receptor antagonists 92:. Anti-inflammatory 2598:Ibuprofen/oxycodone 2515:Chondroitin sulfate 1893:Carbasalate calcium 1428:Antimigraine agents 1418:Antidementia agents 1321:Anti-inflammatories 1011:Medicated dressings 951:Antihyperlipidemics 778:Diabetes medication 549:(Suppl 1): i48–54. 251:Parkinson's disease 108:, which affect the 98:anti-inflammatories 2505:Aminopropionitrile 1281:Immunosuppressants 1151:Antimycobacterials 1107:Antithyroid agents 1091:Mineralocorticoids 895:Cardiac stimulants 885:Cardiac glycosides 877:cardiac therapy / 773:Anti-obesity drugs 422:10.1093/bja/aep338 296:10.1586/ecp.10.120 2687: 2686: 2535:Glycosaminoglycan 2385:Meclofenamic acid 1948:Sodium salicylate 1923:Methyl salicylate 1703: 1702: 1606:Ophthalmologicals 1316:Anabolic steroids 1219:Anticancer agents 1182:Ectoparasiticides 902:Antihypertensives 850:Antifibrinolytics 653:medicalxpress.com 506:10.1136/bmj.c7086 247:allergic rhinitis 221:) or leukotriene 215:enzyme inhibitors 78:Anti-inflammatory 75: 74: 16:(Redirected from 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acid 2333: 2324: 2168: 2160: 2105: 1961: 1952: 1862: 1831:Oxyphenbutazone 1761: 1752: 1734: 1704: 1699: 1695:Medicine portal 1659: 1615: 1587: 1582: 1574:Cough medicines 1569:Bronchodilators 1550: 1543: 1423:Antidepressants 1413:Anticonvulsants 1361: 1352: 1348:Bisphosphonates 1338:Corticosteroids 1300: 1287: 1259: 1250: 1234:Spindle poisons 1224:Antimetabolites 1207: 1198: 1120: 1111: 1086:Glucocorticoids 1081:Corticosteroids 1062: 1055: 1022: 1015: 972: 890:Antiarrhythmics 863: 856: 813:Antithrombotics 801: 792: 768:Antipropulsives 764:Antidiarrhoeals 741: 712: 704: 698: 668: 667: 657: 655: 645: 641: 631: 629: 619: 615: 584: 580: 535: 531: 486: 482: 472: 470: 457: 456: 447: 402: 398: 367: 363: 323: 319: 280: 276: 271: 259: 207: 205:Antileukotriene 201: 177: 124: 118: 71: 65: 62: 55: 43:This article's 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 2735: 2725: 2724: 2709: 2708: 2685: 2684: 2682: 2681: 2671: 2661: 2650: 2647: 2646: 2642:veterinary use 2627: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 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135:prostaglandins 131:cyclooxygenase 120:Main article: 117: 114: 96:, also called 82:antiphlogistic 73: 72: 52:the key points 42: 40: 33: 26: 18:Antiphlogistic 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2734: 2723: 2720: 2719: 2717: 2707: 2697: 2696: 2693: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2670: 2662: 2660: 2652: 2651: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2625: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2583: 2577: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2536: 2533: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2525:Fluproquazone 2523: 2521: 2518: 2516: 2513: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2480: 2477: 2475: 2472: 2470: 2467: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2435: 2434: 2430: 2428: 2425: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2408: 2405: 2403: 2402:Niflumic acid 2400: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2392: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2342: 2340: 2337: 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Retrieved 652: 647:Yirka, Bob. 642: 630:. Retrieved 626: 616: 591: 587: 581: 546: 542: 532: 497: 493: 483: 473:December 20, 471:. Retrieved 467:the original 462: 413: 409: 399: 374: 370: 364: 348:11380/613413 331: 327: 320: 287: 283: 277: 208: 189:heart attack 178: 175:Side effects 154: 139: 125: 97: 86:inflammation 81: 77: 76: 63: 47: 45:lead section 2530:Glucosamine 2510:Benzydamine 2479:Robenacoxib 2464:Lumiracoxib 2355:Etofenamate 2320:Naproxcinod 2309:Zaltoprofen 2119:Ampiroxicam 2041:Indometacin 1969:Aceclofenac 1960:derivatives 1958:acetic acid 1908:Ethenzamide 1903:Dipyrocetyl 1868:salicylates 1758:pyrazolones 1611:Otologicals 1583:antagonists 1549:respiratory 1524:Orexigenics 1519:Neurotoxins 1468:Euphoriants 1458:Entactogens 1453:Depressants 1443:Anxiolytics 1381:Anesthetics 1157:Antifungals 754:Antiemetics 742:antagonists 416:(1): 80–8. 211:leukotriene 185:haemorrhage 161:paracetamol 2560:Proquazone 2550:Nimesulide 2545:Nabumetone 2540:Hyperforin 2489:Valdecoxib 2454:Etoricoxib 2304:Vedaprofen 2252:Miroprofen 2247:Loxoprofen 2242:Ketoprofen 2237:Indoprofen 2210:Fenoprofen 2134:Lornoxicam 2071:Oxametacin 2010:Diclofenac 2004:Bumadizone 1979:Alclofenac 1974:Acemetacin 1913:Guacetisal 1898:Diflunisal 1888:Benorylate 1858:Suxibuzone 1826:Nifenazone 1811:Metamizole 1534:Stimulants 1514:Nootropics 1488:Deliriants 1463:Entheogens 1398:Anorectics 1376:Analgesics 1229:Alkylating 1162:Antivirals 1117:infections 991:Emollients 845:Coagulants 715:metabolism 658:3 November 632:28 October 269:References 163:(known as 157:analgesics 102:analgesics 66:March 2024 2630:underline 2555:Oxaceprol 2520:Diacerein 2484:Rofecoxib 2474:Parecoxib 2469:Mavacoxib 2459:Firocoxib 2449:Deracoxib 2444:Cimicoxib 2438:+tramadol 2433:Celecoxib 2427:Apricoxib 2380:Glafenine 2375:Flutiazin 2336:fenamates 2294:Tepoxalin 2279:Pirprofen 2264:Oxaprozin 2232:Ibuproxam 2226:Ibuprofen 2190:Carprofen 2156:Tenoxicam 2151:Pivoxicam 2145:Piroxicam 2139:Meloxicam 2101:Zomepirac 2066:Mofezolac 2061:Lonazolac 2056:Ketorolac 2036:Fentiazac 1999:Bufexamac 1994:Bromfenac 1928:Salsalate 1883:Aloxiprin 1836:Phenazone 1801:Feprazone 1786:Clofezone 1684:ATC codes 1650:Dressings 1635:Antidotes 1499:Sedatives 1495:Hypnotics 1204:malignant 1061:endocrine 907:Diuretics 840:Platelets 800:and blood 759:Laxatives 500:: c7086. 459:"Table 7" 312:207209534 231:analgesic 213:-related 146:ibuprofen 50:summarize 2716:Category 2706:Medicine 2659:category 2420:(coxibs) 2370:Flunixin 2350:Clonixin 2284:Suprofen 2258:Naproxen 2205:Fenbufen 2129:Isoxicam 2124:Droxicam 2096:Tolmetin 2091:Tiopinac 2086:Sulindac 2051:Isoxepac 2026:Felbinac 2021:Etodolac 1989:Bendazac 1821:Morazone 1806:Kebuzone 1776:Ampyrone 1529:Serenics 1194:Vaccines 961:Fibrates 783:Vitamins 733:Antacids 608:23822826 573:16799104 524:21224324 440:20007794 391:17651722 356:16438952 304:22111779 257:See also 150:naproxen 90:swelling 2669:commons 2570:Tenidap 2334:acids ( 2171:profens 2111:oxicams 1984:Amfenac 1933:Salicin 1747:, also 1386:General 1293:muscles 1262:L03–L04 1258:disease 1210:L01–L02 1206:disease 956:Statins 564:2657490 515:3019238 431:2791549 142:aspirin 106:opioids 2692:Portal 2679:portal 1693:  1672:  1620:other 1551:system 1303:joints 1256:immune 1063:system 1023:system 864:system 606:  571:  561:  522:  512:  438:  428:  389:  354:  310:  302:  235:asthma 193:stroke 148:, and 2628:Key: 2579:NSAID 2498:other 1749:N02BA 1674:Drugs 1391:Local 1358:brain 1297:bones 798:blood 308:S2CID 243:sinus 94:drugs 1745:M02A 1743:and 1741:M01A 1301:and 978:skin 660:2015 634:2015 604:PMID 569:PMID 520:PMID 475:2012 436:PMID 387:PMID 352:PMID 300:PMID 239:COPD 237:and 191:and 1622:ATC 1360:and 1119:and 596:doi 592:188 559:PMC 551:doi 510:PMC 502:doi 498:342 426:PMC 418:doi 414:104 379:doi 375:573 344:hdl 336:doi 332:531 292:doi 253:). 88:or 80:or 2718:: 2640:; 2636:; 2318:: 1497:/ 1295:, 1145:: 1134:QI 1132:, 1128:, 1105:/ 766:/ 713:/ 651:. 625:. 602:. 590:. 567:. 557:. 547:40 545:. 541:. 518:. 508:. 496:. 492:. 461:. 448:^ 434:. 424:. 412:. 408:. 385:. 373:. 350:. 342:. 330:. 306:. 298:. 286:. 195:. 144:, 2694:: 2644:. 2440:) 2436:( 2338:) 2330:n 2173:) 1760:/ 1751:) 1729:e 1722:t 1715:v 1628:) 1626:V 1624:( 1599:) 1597:S 1595:( 1581:1 1579:H 1557:) 1555:R 1553:( 1369:) 1367:N 1365:( 1309:) 1307:M 1305:( 1299:, 1264:) 1260:( 1212:) 1208:( 1153:) 1149:( 1136:) 1130:P 1126:J 1124:( 1069:) 1067:H 1065:( 1029:) 1027:G 1025:( 984:) 982:D 980:( 870:) 868:C 866:( 806:) 804:B 740:2 738:H 721:) 719:A 717:( 693:e 686:t 679:v 662:. 636:. 610:. 598:: 575:. 553:: 526:. 504:: 477:. 442:. 420:: 393:. 381:: 358:. 346:: 338:: 314:. 294:: 288:3 225:( 217:( 68:) 64:( 54:. 20:)

Index

Antiphlogistic

lead section
summarize
provide an accessible overview
inflammation
swelling
drugs
analgesics
opioids
central nervous system
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
cyclooxygenase
prostaglandins
aspirin
ibuprofen
naproxen
analgesics
paracetamol
acetaminophen
endocannabinoids
stomach ulcers
haemorrhage
heart attack
stroke
Antileukotriene
leukotriene
enzyme inhibitors
arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase

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