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Prostaglandin

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Systematic studies of prostaglandins began in 1930, when Kurzrock and Lieb found that human seminal fluid caused either stimulation or relaxation of strips of isolated human uterus. They noted that uteri from patients who had gone through successful pregnancies responded to the fluid with relaxation,
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The structural differences between prostaglandins account for their different biological activities. A given prostaglandin may have different and even opposite effects in different tissues in some cases. The ability of the same prostaglandin to stimulate a reaction in one tissue and inhibit the same
406:(PGT, SLCO2A1), which mediates the cellular uptake of prostaglandin, demonstrated that diffusion alone cannot explain the penetration of prostaglandin through the cellular membrane. The release of prostaglandin has now also been shown to be mediated by a specific transporter, namely the 2392:
Induction of labour is defined as the process of artificially stimulating the uterus to start labour (1). It is usually performed by administering oxytocin or prostaglandins to the pregnant woman or by manually rupturing the amniotic
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Von Euler US (1935). "Ăśber die spezifische blutdrucksenkende Substanz des menschlichen Prostata- und Samenblasensekrets" [On the specific blood-pressure-reducing substance of human prostate and seminal vesicle secretions].
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The original synthesis of prostaglandins F2α and E2 is shown below. It involves a Diels–Alder reaction which establishes the relative stereochemistry of three contiguous stereocenters on the prostaglandin cyclopentane core.
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Komoto J, Yamada T, Watanabe K, Woodward DF, Takusagawa F (February 2006). "Prostaglandin F2alpha formation from prostaglandin H2 by prostaglandin F synthase (PGFS): crystal structure of PGFS containing bimatoprost".
234:, and independently by the Irish-English physiologist Maurice Walter Goldblatt (1895–1967). Prostaglandins were believed to be part of the prostatic secretions, and eventually were discovered to be produced by the 2264:
Koshihara Y, Hoshi K, Shiraki M (1993). "Vitamin K2 (menatetrenone) inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in cultured human osteoblast-like periosteal cells by inhibiting prostaglandin H synthase activity".
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Terminal prostaglandin synthases have been identified that are responsible for the formation of other prostaglandins. For example, hematopoietic and
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Prostaglandins were originally believed to leave the cells via passive diffusion because of their high lipophilicity. The discovery of the
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Corey, E. J.; Weinshenker, N. M.; Schaaf, T. K.; Huber, W. (1969). "Stereo-controlled synthesis of prostaglandins F-2a and E-2 (dl)".
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Specific prostaglandins are named with a letter indicating the type of ring structure, followed by a number indicating the number of
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Ke J, Yang Y, Che Q, Jiang F, Wang H, Chen Z, Zhu M, Tong H, Zhang H, Yan X, Wang X, Wang F, Liu Y, Dai C, Wan X (September 2016).
6548: 6397: 2743: 2117:"Prostaglandin E2 and F2alpha Modulate Urinary Bladder Urothelium, Lamina Propria and Detrusor Contractility via the FP Receptor" 1627:"Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) promotes proliferation and invasion by enhancing SUMO-1 activity via EP4 receptor in endometrial cancer" 2017:
Fabre JE, Nguyen M, Athirakul K, Coggins K, McNeish JD, Austin S, Parise LK, FitzGerald GA, Coffman TM, Koller BH (March 2001).
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Kurzrock, Raphael; Lieb, Charles C. (1930). "Biochemical Studies of Human Semen. II. The Action of Semen on the Human Uterus".
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Moreno JJ (February 2017). "Eicosanoid receptors: Targets for the treatment of disrupted intestinal epithelial homeostasis".
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Komoto J, Yamada T, Watanabe K, Takusagawa F (March 2004). "Crystal structure of human prostaglandin F synthase (AKR1C3)".
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The diversity of receptors means that prostaglandins act on an array of cells and have a wide variety of effects such as:
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Lethaby A, Duckitt K, Farquhar C (January 2013). "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for heavy menstrual bleeding".
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cells, and the resultant release of their contents. Release of prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators in the
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prevent gastrointestinal tract from self-digesting, contributing to its mucosal defence in multifactorial way.
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superfamily. Whether MRP4 is the only transporter releasing prostaglandins from the cells is still unclear.
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on various cell types. Prostaglandins ligate a sub-family of cell surface seven-transmembrane receptors,
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Joshi, Shailendra; Ornstein, Eugene; Young, William L. (2010). "Cerebral and Spinal Cord Blood Flow".
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Prostaglandins are produced following the sequential oxygenation of arachidonic acid, DGLA or EPA by
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Harel Z (December 2006). "Dysmenorrhea in adolescents and young adults: etiology and management".
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Kieronska-Rudek A, Kij A, Kaczara P, Tworzydlo A, Napiorkowski M, Sidoryk K; et al. (2021).
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in that they are not produced at a specific site but in many places throughout the human body.
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cause the uterus to contract. These substances are thought to be a major factor in primary
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and prostaglandin D, E and F. Alternatively, the lipoxygenase enzyme pathway is active in
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ophthalmic solution, a synthetic prostamide analog with ocular hypotensive activity) (PGF
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and facilitate platelet aggregation. Their name comes from their role in clot formation (
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in the presence of NADPH. This enzyme has recently been crystallized in complex with PGD
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factors with their target cells present in the immediate vicinity of the site of their
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Rubinstein, William D.; Jolles, Michael A.; Rubinstein, Hillary L., eds. (2011).
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Veale, David; Miles, Sarah; Bramley, Sally; Muir, Gordon; Hodsoll, John (2015).
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The following is a comparison of different types of prostaglandin, including
444: 231: 224: 155: 86: 501:) prostaglandin E synthase-1 emerges as a key enzyme in the formation of PGE 7459: 7376: 7302: 7280: 7233: 7168: 7138: 7118: 7113: 7036: 6924: 6349: 6311: 6179: 6006: 5842: 5727: 5534: 5294: 5284: 5154: 5056: 5028: 4989: 4646: 4586: 4504: 4494: 4484: 4474: 4365: 4185: 4001: 3934: 3920: 3567: 3134: 3070: 3055: 3018: 2965: 2932: 2672: 2639: 2446: 2349: 2236: 2152: 2101: 2052: 1967: 1893: 1844: 1789: 1734: 1698: 1660: 1567: 1507: 1362: 1277: 1265: 1143: 1114: 1066: 950: 862: 794: 774:
organs, large amounts of PGD2 are found only in the brain and in mast cells
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Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most abundant prostanoid in the human body
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Stromberga, Zane; Chess-Williams, Russ; Moro, Christian (23 June 2020).
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Diels-Alder in the total synthesis of prostaglandin F2α by E. J. Corey
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produced by mast cells; recruits Th2 cells, eosinophils, and basophils
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while uteri from sterile women responded with contraction. The name
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Gross S, Tilly P, Hentsch D, Vonesch JL, Fabre JE (February 2007).
1380:(3rd ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates. p. 100. 1164: 1151: 1102: 912: 853: 817: 327: 217: 30: 2313: 1858:
Bofill Rodriguez, M; Lethaby, A; Farquhar, C (19 September 2019).
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Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
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The Washington Manual Obstetrics and Gynecology Survival Guide
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Cold exposure and IUDs may increase prostaglandin production.
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Prostaglandins are found in most tissues and organs. They are
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Early Penile Rehabilitation Helps Reduce Later Intractable ED
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Critical to development of allergic diseases such as asthma
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is responsible for the baseline levels of prostaglandins.
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reaction in another tissue is determined by the type of
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or in penile rehabilitation following surgery (PGE1 as
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However, while COX-1 and COX-2 are both located in the
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in 1969, an achievement for which he was awarded the
223:, chosen when prostaglandin was first isolated from 5565: 5508: 5457: 1326: 6846: 5988: 5873: 5796: 5689: 2370: 2165: 1333:Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology 5671: 5490: 7993: 7767: 7748: 7703: 6145: 1588: 1369: 1527:The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History 27:Group of physiologically active lipid compounds 7809: 1825:Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 1624: 120:to which the prostaglandin binds. They act as 85:in humans and other animals. They are derived 7786: 6242: 5443: 5201: 4785: 4688:Bismuth subcitrate/metronidazole/tetracycline 4349: 4132: 3412: 2594: 2378:"WHO Recommendations for Induction of Labour" 6370: 2491:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2462:"Avian Reproductive and Pediatric Disorders" 2459: 2362:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2307: 2299:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2249:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 2192: 1400: 571:and bimatoprost (a synthetic analogue of PGF 551:(PGFS) catalyzes the formation of 9α,11β-PGF 439:produces prostaglandins through stimulation. 342:. They are synthesized in the cell from the 142:Prostaglandins are powerful, locally-acting 2314:Krishnan AV, Srinivas S, Feldman D (2009). 2257: 1864:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1806:. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2003. 1774:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 1378:An introduction to behavioral endocrinology 1224: 1031:Examples of prostaglandin antagonists are: 466: 5450: 5436: 5208: 5194: 4792: 4778: 4356: 4342: 4139: 4125: 3419: 3405: 2601: 2587: 1816: 2571:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 2436: 2412: 2339: 2226: 2216: 2142: 2132: 2091: 2042: 1883: 1650: 1497: 1471: 1435: 1352: 2508:Journal of the American Chemical Society 1549: 1003:vasoconstriction in cerebral circulation 318:by almost all nucleated cells. They are 302: 43: 29: 1987: 1985: 1906: 1582: 1327:Ricciotti E, FitzGerald GA (May 2011). 1011: 398:Release of prostaglandins from the cell 14: 7994: 6841: 1945: 1375: 509:Other terminal prostaglandin synthases 374:. The cyclooxygenase pathway produces 290:for their research on prostaglandins. 5431: 5189: 4773: 4703:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin/clarithromycin 4337: 4120: 3400: 2582: 2023:The Journal of Clinical Investigation 1822: 619:increase mating behaviors in goldfish 288:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 146:and inhibit the aggregation of blood 7464:Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs): 2398: 2168:Cottrell and Young's Neuroanesthesia 2072:The Journal of Experimental Medicine 1991: 1982: 1474:"Properties of human seminal plasma" 1322: 1320: 5573:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 2 5516:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 1 1552:"Obituary Notices: M. W. Goldblatt" 1264:Prostaglandins are released during 1093:Synthetic prostaglandins are used: 206: 24: 7435:AM-404 (N-arachidonoylaminophenol) 7253:Anthranilic acids (fenamic acids): 6905:Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) 5996:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP4 receptor 5881:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP3 receptor 5804:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP2 receptor 5697:Tooltip Prostaglandin EP1 receptor 2176:10.1016/B978-0-323-05908-4.10007-7 1600:. Weinheim, Germany: VCH. p.  1215: 609:act on thermoregulatory center of 417: 96:. Every prostaglandin contains 20 25: 8013: 7925:Îł-Linolenic acid (gamolenic acid) 7271:Meclofenamic acid (meclofenamate) 5680:Tooltip Prostaglandin E2 receptor 5499:Tooltip Prostaglandin D2 receptor 3735:Arachidonic acid 15-hydroperoxide 2562: 1907:Wallace, John L. (October 2008). 1802:Wright, Jason and Solange Wyatt. 1329:"Prostaglandins and inflammation" 1317: 162:(produced by platelet cells) are 112:class of fatty acid derivatives. 7980:Leukotriene signaling modulators 7772:Tooltip Prostaglandin F synthase 7753:Tooltip Prostaglandin E synthase 7712:Tooltip Prostaglandin D synthase 6154:Tooltip Prostaglandin F receptor 4693:Omeprazole/amoxicillin/rifabutin 3641:Arachidonic acid 5-hydroperoxide 3089:5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine 2543:Handbook of Applied Therapeutics 1948:European Journal of Pharmacology 1268:, due to the destruction of the 1088: 412:ATP-binding cassette transporter 267:In 1971, it was determined that 7291:Talinflumic acid (talinflumate) 7281:Morniflumic acid (morniflumate) 7261:Floctafenic acid (floctafenate) 7244:Tiaprofenic acid (tiaprofenate) 4918:acetylcholinesterase inhibitors 3426: 2499: 2453: 2159: 2108: 2059: 2010: 1939: 1900: 1851: 1796: 1765: 1741: 1705: 1670: 1618: 1258: 410:(MRP4, ABCC4), a member of the 298: 293: 7814:Tooltip Thromboxane A synthase 6865:Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) 6079:16,16-Dimethyl Prostaglandin E 2541:Mary Anne Koda-Kimble (2007). 1876:10.1002/14651858.CD000400.pub4 1782:10.1002/14651858.CD000400.pub3 1543: 1514: 1490:10.1113/jphysiol.1935.sp003269 1465: 1439:Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift 1429: 1394: 1305:themedicalbiochemistrypage.org 1293: 1065:may play a role in inhibiting 1027:Mechanism of action of aspirin 583:There are currently ten known 535:) synthase (PGIS) converts PGH 531:. Similarly, prostacyclin (PGI 408:multidrug resistance protein 4 326:lipid mediators that act upon 13: 1: 7973:Receptor/signaling modulators 7795:Tooltip Prostacyclin synthase 7296:Tolfenamic acid (tolfenamate) 7266:Flufenamic acid (flufenamate) 7256:Etofenamic acid (etofenamate) 6312:Prostacyclin (prostaglandin I 6251:Tooltip Prostacyclin receptor 4970:Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 1287: 1117:, a progesterone antagonist) 1063:Cyclopentenone prostaglandins 1016: 366:, then brought to either the 132:. Prostaglandins differ from 6379:Tooltip Thromboxane receptor 5219:, including antispasmodics ( 2608: 2279:10.1016/0006-2952(93)90099-i 1960:10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.004 1207: 1131:in newborns with particular 1000:urinary bladder contractions 622:cause the uterus to contract 578: 547:) has also been identified. 7: 7445:Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 7276:Mefenamic acid (mefenamate) 6930:Salicylate (salicylic acid) 3572:(Prostacyclin/Epoprostenol) 1596:Classics in Total Synthesis 1523:"Goldblatt, Maurice Walter" 1232: 909:contraction (when pregnant) 756:PTGDR (DP1) and CRTH2 (DP2) 589:G-protein-coupled receptors 10: 8018: 7124:Bucloxic acid (blucloxate) 7042:Indometacin (indomethacin) 3257:Insulin-like growth factor 1925:10.1152/physrev.00004.2008 1837:10.1016/j.jpag.2006.09.001 1345:10.1161/ATVBAHA.110.207449 1044:COX-2 selective inhibitors 1020: 543:. A thromboxane synthase ( 286:jointly received the 1982 7964: 7909: 7807: 7784: 7765: 7746: 7701: 7286:Niflumic acid (niflumate) 6839: 6822: 6597: 6390:Carbocyclic thromboxane A 6368: 6240: 6143: 6068: 5986: 5871: 5794: 5687: 5669: 5563: 5506: 5488: 5471: 5348: 5251: 5228: 5142: 5075: 5027: 4968: 4916: 4892: 4869: 4860: 4817: 4730: 4711: 4680: 4569: 4533: 4463: 4434: 4381: 4294: 4266: 4209: 4176: 4167: 3828: 3790: 3743: 3727: 3717: 3676: 3649: 3633: 3623: 3589: 3560: 3514: 3495: 3488: 3469: 3459: 3450: 3434: 3360: 3327: 3309: 3281: 3246: 3218: 3180: 3157: 3148: 3108: 3101: 3069: 3031: 2994: 2951: 2923: 2914: 2896: 2850: 2783: 2709: 2686: 2638: 2616: 2460:LaBonde, MS, DVM, Jerry. 1643:10.1007/s13277-016-5087-x 1478:The Journal of Physiology 1472:Goldblatt MW (May 1935). 1241:, a type of prostaglandin 1193:in a clinical environment 783: 518:prostaglandin D synthases 483:prostaglandin E synthases 404:prostaglandin transporter 104:. They are a subclass of 7604:Menatetrenone (vitamin K 7427:Aminophenols (anilines): 2573:Medical Subject Headings 2134:10.3389/fphys.2020.00705 1550:R.S.F.S. (3 June 1967). 1415:10.3181/00379727-28-5265 1251: 1225:Prostaglandin stimulants 1023:Prostaglandin antagonist 629: 549:Prostaglandin-F synthase 467:Prostaglandin E synthase 199:has the abbreviation PGI 188:has the abbreviation PGE 181:structure. For example, 7930:Dihomo-Îł-linolenic acid 7327:Enolic acids (oxicams): 6870:Benorilate (benorylate) 5077:Prostaglandin analogues 4411:Lavoltidine (loxtidine) 2121:Frontiers in Physiology 1556:British Medical Journal 585:prostaglandin receptors 227:in 1935 by the Swedish 7729:selenium tetrachloride 5367:Salicylhydroxamic acid 4698:Vonoprazan/amoxicillin 4535:Potassium-competitive 4465:Proton-pump inhibitors 3084:N,N-Dimethyltryptamine 3061:Pancreatic polypeptide 1592:, Sorensen EJ (1996). 1568:10.1136/bmj.2.5552.644 1221: 1159:pulmonary hypertension 1133:cyanotic heart defects 1127:To prevent closure of 368:cyclooxygenase pathway 311: 55: 41: 7398:Aminonicotinic acids: 4721:eradication protocols 4577:Aceglutamide aluminum 4268:Contraction induction 2332:10.4161/derm.1.1.7106 2218:10.3390/cells10071571 1913:Physiological Reviews 1219: 306: 47: 33: 7047:Indometacin farnesil 6900:Magnesium salicylate 6531:Pinane thromboxane A 6292:Iloprost (ciloprost) 5912:Iloprost (ciloprost) 5718:Iloprost (ciloprost) 5397:Pentosan polysulfate 5362:Acetohydroxamic acid 5114:Latanoprostene bunod 5029:Beta blocking agents 4862:Parasympathomimetics 4592:Arbaclofen placarbil 2084:10.1084/jem.20061617 1180:erectile dysfunction 1012:Role in pharmacology 732:platelet aggregation 372:lipoxygenase pathway 158:tissue. Conversely, 6875:Carbasalate calcium 5392:Magnesium hydroxide 4719:Helicobacter pylori 3837:bronchoconstriction 3370:Natriuretic peptide 2688:Posterior pituitary 2673:Somatostatin (GHIH) 2520:10.1021/ja01048a062 1121:Induction of labour 996:bronchoconstriction 813:bronchoconstriction 280:Bengt I. Samuelsson 100:atoms, including a 7737:selenium disulfide 7369:4-Aminoquinolines: 5387:Dimethyl sulfoxide 4757:Never to phase III 4597:Bismuth subcitrate 4321:Never to phase III 2711:Anterior pituitary 2170:. pp. 17–59. 1637:(9): 12203–12211. 1451:10.1007/BF01778029 1376:Nelson RF (2005). 1222: 1113:, with or without 641:(prostacyclin; PGI 485:on prostaglandin H 312: 77:that have diverse 56: 42: 7989: 7988: 7905: 7904: 6940:Sodium salicylate 6910:Methyl salicylate 6833: 6818: 6817: 6139: 6138: 5665: 5664: 5482: 5425: 5424: 5407:Phenyl salicylate 5349:Other urologicals 5335:Trospium chloride 5238:Ammonium chloride 5183: 5182: 4964: 4963: 4804:preparations and 4767: 4766: 4331: 4330: 4262: 4261: 4201:Methylergometrine 4169:Cervical ripening 4114: 4113: 3786: 3785: 3713: 3712: 3619: 3618: 3585: 3584: 3581: 3580: 3394: 3393: 3390: 3389: 3277: 3276: 3097: 3096: 3027: 3026: 2779: 2778: 2552:978-0-7817-9026-0 2438:10.1111/bju.13010 2425:BJU International 2320:Dermatoendocrinol 2267:Biochem Pharmacol 2185:978-0-323-05908-4 1727:10.1021/bi051861t 1691:10.1021/bi036046x 1536:978-0-230-30466-6 1445:(33): 1182–1183. 1189:To measure erect 1129:ductus arteriosus 1101:(parturition) or 1009: 1008: 932:neurotransmitters 276:Sune K. Bergström 258:Elias James Corey 256:were reported by 216:derives from the 73:compounds called 65:) are a group of 16:(Redirected from 8009: 7940:Arachidonic acid 7815: 7811: 7796: 7792: 7773: 7769: 7754: 7750: 7713: 7709: 7536:Others/unsorted: 7111:Propionic acids: 7092:Sulindac sulfide 6857:Salicylic acids: 6848: 6843: 6837: 6836: 6827: 6380: 6376: 6252: 6248: 6155: 6151: 5997: 5993: 5882: 5878: 5805: 5801: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5574: 5570: 5517: 5513: 5504: 5503: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5485: 5476: 5452: 5445: 5438: 5429: 5428: 5243:Calcium chloride 5210: 5203: 5196: 5187: 5186: 4867: 4866: 4819:Sympathomimetics 4794: 4787: 4780: 4771: 4770: 4667:Zinc L-carnosine 4358: 4351: 4344: 4335: 4334: 4174: 4173: 4141: 4134: 4127: 4118: 4117: 3888:vasoconstriction 3725: 3724: 3631: 3630: 3493: 3492: 3467: 3466: 3457: 3456: 3442:Arachidonic acid 3421: 3414: 3407: 3398: 3397: 3155: 3154: 3150:Digestive system 3106: 3105: 2921: 2920: 2860:Thyroid hormones 2636: 2635: 2625: 2624: 2603: 2596: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2557: 2556: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2503: 2497: 2496: 2490: 2482: 2480: 2479: 2473: 2466: 2457: 2451: 2450: 2440: 2416: 2410: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2389: 2388: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2361: 2353: 2343: 2311: 2305: 2304: 2298: 2290: 2261: 2255: 2254: 2248: 2240: 2230: 2220: 2196: 2190: 2189: 2163: 2157: 2156: 2146: 2136: 2112: 2106: 2105: 2095: 2063: 2057: 2056: 2046: 2035:10.1172/JCI10881 2014: 2008: 2007: 1992:Rang HP (2003). 1989: 1980: 1979: 1943: 1937: 1936: 1919:(4): 1547–1565. 1904: 1898: 1897: 1887: 1855: 1849: 1848: 1820: 1814: 1800: 1794: 1793: 1769: 1763: 1762: 1760: 1759: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1674: 1668: 1667: 1654: 1622: 1616: 1615: 1599: 1586: 1580: 1579: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1501: 1469: 1463: 1462: 1433: 1427: 1426: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1373: 1367: 1366: 1356: 1324: 1315: 1314: 1312: 1311: 1297: 1281: 1262: 1239:Oxaprostaglandin 1163:In treatment of 1148:Raynaud syndrome 681: 680: 491:prostaglandin H2 390:and synthesizes 355:is created from 353:Arachidonic acid 347:arachidonic acid 236:seminal vesicles 207:History and name 164:vasoconstrictors 94:arachidonic acid 21: 8017: 8016: 8012: 8011: 8010: 8008: 8007: 8006: 7992: 7991: 7990: 7985: 7960: 7956: 7953:Prostaglandin H 7948: 7945:Prostaglandin G 7901: 7813: 7803: 7801:Tranylcypromine 7794: 7790: 7780: 7771: 7761: 7752: 7742: 7733:sodium selenite 7711: 7707: 7697: 7643:Rosmarinic acid 7607: 7415:Sulfonanilides: 7318:Oxyphenbutazone 6844: 6826: 6814: 6593: 6534: 6406: 6393: 6378: 6374: 6364: 6324: 6321:Prostaglandin E 6316:, epoprostenol) 6315: 6250: 6246: 6236: 6211: 6208:Prostaglandin F 6203: 6200:Prostaglandin D 6153: 6149: 6135: 6120: 6117:Prostaglandin F 6082: 6064: 6029: 6026:Prostaglandin E 6020: 6017:Prostaglandin E 5995: 5992: 5982: 5963:Ricinoleic acid 5952: 5949:Prostaglandin E 5943: 5940:Prostaglandin E 5935: 5932:Prostaglandin D 5880: 5877: 5867: 5837: 5834:Prostaglandin E 5828: 5825:Prostaglandin E 5803: 5800: 5790: 5750: 5747:Prostaglandin E 5741: 5738:Prostaglandin E 5696: 5693: 5679: 5675: 5661: 5592: 5589:Prostaglandin D 5572: 5569: 5559: 5530: 5527:Prostaglandin D 5515: 5512: 5498: 5494: 5475: 5467: 5456: 5426: 5421: 5402:Phenazopyridine 5344: 5275:Desfesoterodine 5261:antimuscarinics 5258: 5247: 5224: 5214: 5184: 5179: 5138: 5082: 5071: 5023: 4973: 4960: 4912: 4888: 4856: 4813: 4800:Drugs used for 4798: 4768: 4763: 4762: 4747:Clinical trials 4726: 4707: 4676: 4565: 4536: 4529: 4480:Dexlansoprazole 4467: 4459: 4439: 4430: 4386: 4377: 4362: 4332: 4327: 4326: 4311:Clinical trials 4290: 4258: 4242: 4235:Dinoprostone/E2 4214: 4205: 4178:Ergot alkaloids 4163: 4145: 4115: 4110: 4103: 4094: 4074: 4054: 4046: 4031: 4023: 4005: 3997: 3982: 3962: 3954: 3946: 3938: 3930: 3913: 3905: 3897: 3878: 3870: 3862: 3854: 3846: 3824: 3814: 3807: 3782: 3778: 3770: 3762: 3754: 3739: 3709: 3705: 3697: 3689: 3672: 3668: 3660: 3645: 3615: 3611: 3603: 3577: 3571: 3556: 3550: 3539: 3528: 3510: 3506: 3484: 3480: 3446: 3430: 3425: 3395: 3386: 3356: 3323: 3305: 3273: 3242: 3214: 3176: 3144: 3093: 3065: 3023: 2990: 2947: 2910: 2892: 2876: 2868: 2846: 2830:Adrenal medulla 2823:Androstenedione 2775: 2705: 2682: 2630: 2619: 2612: 2607: 2565: 2560: 2553: 2539: 2535: 2504: 2500: 2484: 2483: 2477: 2475: 2471: 2464: 2458: 2454: 2417: 2413: 2403: 2399: 2386: 2384: 2376: 2375: 2371: 2355: 2354: 2312: 2308: 2292: 2291: 2262: 2258: 2242: 2241: 2197: 2193: 2186: 2164: 2160: 2113: 2109: 2064: 2060: 2015: 2011: 2004: 1990: 1983: 1944: 1940: 1905: 1901: 1870:(9): CD000400. 1856: 1852: 1821: 1817: 1801: 1797: 1776:(1): CD000400. 1770: 1766: 1757: 1755: 1747: 1746: 1742: 1710: 1706: 1675: 1671: 1623: 1619: 1612: 1587: 1583: 1548: 1544: 1537: 1519: 1515: 1470: 1466: 1434: 1430: 1399: 1395: 1388: 1374: 1370: 1339:(5): 986–1000. 1325: 1318: 1309: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1235: 1227: 1210: 1174: 1138: 1112: 1108: 1091: 1082: 1075: 1057: 1054:phospholipase A 1050:Corticosteroids 1029: 1019: 1014: 983: 969: 883: 875: 849:bronchodilation 842: 834: 806: 798: 789: 750: 737:bronchodilation 719: 705: 677: 672: 669:prostaglandin F 666: 661: 658:prostaglandin E 655: 650: 647:prostaglandin D 644: 639: 636:prostaglandin I 632: 581: 574: 570: 566: 562: 558: 554: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 511: 504: 496: 488: 480: 475: 472:Prostaglandin E 469: 424:cyclooxygenases 420: 418:Cyclooxygenases 400: 364: 361:phospholipase-A 301: 296: 254: 251:prostaglandin E 247: 244:prostaglandin F 240:total syntheses 209: 202: 197: 194:prostaglandin I 191: 186: 183:prostaglandin E 67:physiologically 52: 38: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8015: 8005: 8004: 8002:Prostaglandins 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7976: 7969: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7959: 7958: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7937: 7935:Diacylglycerol 7932: 7927: 7922: 7913: 7911: 7907: 7906: 7903: 7902: 7900: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7818: 7816: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7797: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7774: 7763: 7762: 7757: 7755: 7744: 7743: 7741: 7740: 7722: 7716: 7714: 7705: 7699: 7698: 7696: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7420: 7408: 7403: 7391: 7379: 7374: 7362: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7337: 7332: 7323:Phenylbutazone 7320: 7315: 7310: 7305: 7293: 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7104: 7099: 7094: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7074: 7069: 7064: 7059: 7054: 7049: 7044: 7039: 7034: 7029: 7024: 7019: 7014: 7009: 7004: 6999: 6994: 6989: 6984: 6979: 6974: 6969: 6964: 6959: 6954: 6942: 6937: 6932: 6927: 6922: 6917: 6912: 6907: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6887: 6882: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6862: 6853: 6851: 6834: 6820: 6819: 6816: 6815: 6813: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6792: 6787: 6782: 6777: 6772: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6682: 6677: 6672: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6642: 6637: 6632: 6627: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6601: 6599: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6473: 6468: 6463: 6458: 6453: 6448: 6443: 6438: 6433: 6428: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6395: 6391: 6383: 6381: 6372: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6362: 6353: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6318: 6313: 6309: 6304: 6299: 6297:Isocarbacyclin 6294: 6289: 6284: 6279: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6255: 6253: 6244: 6238: 6237: 6235: 6234: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6177: 6172: 6167: 6158: 6156: 6147: 6141: 6140: 6137: 6136: 6134: 6133: 6128: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6109: 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6080: 6072: 6070: 6066: 6065: 6063: 6062: 6057: 6052: 6047: 6038: 6037: 6032: 6030:(dinoprostone) 6027: 6023: 6018: 6014: 6009: 6000: 5998: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5981: 5980: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5953:(dinoprostone) 5950: 5946: 5941: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5924: 5919: 5917:Isocarbacyclin 5914: 5909: 5904: 5899: 5894: 5885: 5883: 5875: 5869: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5846: 5845: 5840: 5838:(dinoprostone) 5835: 5831: 5826: 5822: 5817: 5808: 5806: 5798: 5792: 5791: 5789: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5751:(dinoprostone) 5748: 5744: 5739: 5735: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5715: 5710: 5701: 5699: 5691: 5682: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5663: 5662: 5660: 5659: 5654: 5649: 5644: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5595: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5577: 5575: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5528: 5520: 5518: 5510: 5501: 5492: 5483: 5469: 5468: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5440: 5432: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5370: 5369: 5364: 5352: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5343: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5307: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5287: 5282: 5277: 5272: 5266: 5264: 5256:antispasmodics 5249: 5248: 5246: 5245: 5240: 5234: 5232: 5226: 5225: 5213: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5190: 5181: 5180: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5097: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5072: 5070: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5031: 5025: 5024: 5022: 5021: 5016: 5006: 5001: 4987: 4981: 4979: 4966: 4965: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4958: 4953: 4947: 4942: 4933: 4928: 4922: 4920: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4899: 4897: 4890: 4889: 4887: 4886: 4881: 4875: 4873: 4864: 4858: 4857: 4855: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4829: 4823: 4821: 4815: 4814: 4797: 4796: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4765: 4764: 4761: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4755: 4744: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4712: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4677: 4675: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4644: 4639: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4619: 4614: 4609: 4604: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4573: 4571: 4567: 4566: 4564: 4563: 4558: 4553: 4548: 4542: 4540: 4531: 4530: 4528: 4527: 4522: 4517: 4512: 4507: 4502: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4482: 4477: 4471: 4469: 4461: 4460: 4458: 4457: 4452: 4446: 4444: 4436:Prostaglandins 4432: 4431: 4429: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4392: 4390: 4384: 4379: 4378: 4361: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4325: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4319: 4308: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4292: 4291: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4272: 4270: 4264: 4263: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4256: 4254:Carboprost/F2α 4251: 4244: 4243: 4240:Sulprostone/E2 4237: 4232: 4227: 4225:Misoprostol/E1 4220: 4218: 4211:Prostaglandins 4207: 4206: 4204: 4203: 4198: 4188: 4182: 4180: 4171: 4165: 4164: 4152:labor inducers 4144: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4112: 4111: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4106: 4101: 4097: 4096:(Dinoprostone) 4092: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4059: 4058: 4057: 4056: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4021: 4009: 4008: 4007: 4003: 3999: 3995: 3986: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3967: 3966: 3965: 3964: 3960: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3928: 3917: 3916: 3915: 3911: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3883: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3876: 3872: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3848: 3844: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3822: 3817: 3812: 3805: 3796: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3772: 3768: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3752: 3747: 3745: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3737: 3731: 3729: 3722: 3715: 3714: 3711: 3710: 3708: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3691: 3687: 3682: 3680: 3674: 3673: 3671: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3643: 3637: 3635: 3628: 3621: 3620: 3617: 3616: 3614: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3596: 3594: 3587: 3586: 3583: 3582: 3579: 3578: 3576: 3575: 3569: 3564: 3562: 3558: 3557: 3555: 3554: 3548: 3543: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3531: 3529:(Dinoprostone) 3526: 3521: 3519: 3512: 3511: 3509: 3508: 3504: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3478: 3473: 3471: 3464: 3461:Prostaglandins 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3424: 3423: 3416: 3409: 3401: 3392: 3391: 3388: 3387: 3385: 3384: 3383: 3382: 3377: 3366: 3364: 3358: 3357: 3355: 3354: 3349: 3344: 3339: 3333: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3322: 3321: 3315: 3313: 3307: 3306: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3283:Adipose tissue 3279: 3278: 3275: 3274: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3253: 3251: 3244: 3243: 3241: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3228:Enteroglucagon 3224: 3222: 3216: 3215: 3213: 3212: 3207: 3202: 3197: 3192: 3186: 3184: 3178: 3177: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3163: 3161: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3130: 3128:Beta thymosins 3125: 3114: 3112: 3103: 3099: 3098: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3091: 3086: 3081: 3075: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3064: 3063: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3043: 3037: 3035: 3029: 3028: 3025: 3024: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2998: 2992: 2991: 2989: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2973: 2968: 2963: 2957: 2955: 2949: 2948: 2946: 2945: 2940: 2935: 2929: 2927: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2902: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2891: 2890: 2885: 2880: 2879: 2878: 2874: 2870: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2848: 2847: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2840:Norepinephrine 2837: 2827: 2826: 2825: 2820: 2815: 2810: 2805: 2800: 2793:Adrenal cortex 2789: 2787: 2781: 2780: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2773: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2736: 2731: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2713: 2707: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2698: 2692: 2690: 2684: 2683: 2681: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2644: 2642: 2633: 2622: 2614: 2613: 2606: 2605: 2598: 2591: 2583: 2577: 2576: 2569:Prostaglandins 2564: 2563:External links 2561: 2559: 2558: 2551: 2533: 2514:(20): 5675–7. 2498: 2452: 2431:(6): 978–986. 2411: 2397: 2382:NCBI Bookshelf 2369: 2306: 2273:(8): 1355–62. 2256: 2191: 2184: 2158: 2107: 2058: 2009: 2002: 1981: 1938: 1899: 1850: 1815: 1795: 1764: 1740: 1721:(7): 1987–96. 1704: 1685:(8): 2188–98. 1669: 1631:Tumour Biology 1617: 1610: 1581: 1542: 1535: 1513: 1464: 1428: 1393: 1386: 1368: 1316: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1234: 1231: 1226: 1223: 1209: 1206: 1205: 1204: 1194: 1187: 1176: 1172: 1161: 1155: 1140: 1136: 1125: 1124: 1123: 1111:2(misoprostol) 1110: 1106: 1090: 1087: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1055: 1047: 1040:cyclooxygenase 1018: 1015: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1006: 1005: 1004: 1001: 998: 993: 985: 981: 977: 972: 967: 961: 960: 959: 958: 953: 946: 944: 940: 939: 938: 937: 934: 925: 919: 910: 904: 894: 893:acid secretion 885: 881: 877: 873: 868: 867: 866: 865: 860: 851: 844: 840: 836: 832: 827: 826: 825: 824: 815: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 787: 781: 780: 779: 778: 775: 768: 763: 758: 753: 748: 742: 741: 740: 739: 734: 728: 721: 717: 713: 708: 703: 697: 696: 693: 692:Receptor type 690: 685: 675: 670: 664: 659: 653: 648: 642: 637: 631: 628: 627: 626: 623: 620: 617: 607: 580: 577: 572: 568: 564: 560: 556: 552: 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 510: 507: 502: 494: 486: 478: 473: 468: 465: 441: 440: 434: 419: 416: 399: 396: 362: 357:diacylglycerol 310:of eicosanoids 300: 297: 295: 292: 252: 245: 208: 205: 200: 195: 189: 184: 59:Prostaglandins 53:- Prostacyclin 50: 36: 26: 18:Prostaglandins 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8014: 8003: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7982: 7981: 7977: 7975: 7974: 7970: 7967: 7966: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7949: 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7920:Linoleic acid 7918: 7915: 7914: 7912: 7908: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7819: 7817: 7812: 7806: 7802: 7798: 7793: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7770: 7764: 7760: 7756: 7751: 7745: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7723: 7721: 7718: 7717: 7715: 7710: 7700: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7520: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7510: 7508: 7505: 7503: 7500: 7498: 7495: 7493: 7490: 7488: 7485: 7483: 7480: 7478: 7475: 7473: 7470: 7468: 7465: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7431: 7428: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7389:Fluproquazone 7387: 7386:Quinazolines: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7366: 7363: 7361: 7358: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7314: 7311: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7227: 7225: 7222: 7220: 7217: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7164:Flunoxaprofen 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7149:Dexketoprofen 7147: 7145: 7144:Dexindoprofen 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7108: 7105: 7103: 7100: 7098: 7095: 7093: 7090: 7088: 7085: 7083: 7082:Proglumetacin 7080: 7078: 7075: 7073: 7070: 7068: 7065: 7063: 7060: 7058: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7048: 7045: 7043: 7040: 7038: 7035: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7013: 7012:Difenpiramide 7010: 7008: 7005: 7003: 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6990: 6988: 6985: 6983: 6980: 6978: 6975: 6973: 6970: 6968: 6965: 6963: 6960: 6958: 6955: 6953: 6950: 6949:Acetic acids: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6938: 6936: 6933: 6931: 6928: 6926: 6923: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6913: 6911: 6908: 6906: 6903: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6883: 6881: 6878: 6876: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6866: 6863: 6861: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6838: 6835: 6831: 6825: 6821: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6796: 6793: 6791: 6788: 6786: 6783: 6781: 6778: 6776: 6773: 6771: 6768: 6766: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6686: 6683: 6681: 6680:Fenprostalene 6678: 6676: 6673: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6641: 6638: 6636: 6633: 6631: 6630:Delprostenate 6628: 6626: 6623: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6600: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6472: 6469: 6467: 6464: 6462: 6459: 6457: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6447: 6444: 6442: 6439: 6437: 6434: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6421: 6420: 6417: 6414: 6412: 6409: 6407: 6403:Thromboxane A 6401: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6377: 6367: 6361: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6325:(alprostadil) 6319: 6317: 6310: 6308: 6305: 6303: 6300: 6298: 6295: 6293: 6290: 6288: 6285: 6283: 6280: 6278: 6275: 6273: 6270: 6268: 6265: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6249: 6239: 6233: 6230: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6206: 6204: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6160: 6159: 6157: 6152: 6142: 6132: 6129: 6127: 6124: 6122: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6077: 6074: 6073: 6071: 6067: 6061: 6058: 6056: 6053: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6024: 6022: 6021:(alprostadil) 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6002: 6001: 5999: 5994: 5985: 5979: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5947: 5945: 5944:(alprostadil) 5938: 5936: 5930: 5928: 5925: 5923: 5920: 5918: 5915: 5913: 5910: 5908: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5898: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5887: 5886: 5884: 5879: 5870: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5848: 5847: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5832: 5830: 5829:(alprostadil) 5823: 5821: 5818: 5816: 5813: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5802: 5793: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5745: 5743: 5742:(alprostadil) 5736: 5734: 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5703: 5702: 5700: 5695: 5686: 5683: 5678: 5668: 5658: 5655: 5653: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5640: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5597: 5596: 5593: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5571: 5562: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5540: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5519: 5514: 5505: 5502: 5497: 5487: 5484: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5463: 5460: 5453: 5448: 5446: 5441: 5439: 5434: 5433: 5430: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5371: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5353: 5351: 5347: 5341: 5338: 5336: 5333: 5331: 5328: 5326: 5323: 5321: 5318: 5316: 5313: 5311: 5308: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5283: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5273: 5271: 5268: 5267: 5265: 5262: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5236: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5227: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5206: 5204: 5199: 5197: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5176: 5173: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5141: 5135: 5132: 5129: 5125: 5122: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5098: 5095: 5091: 5088: 5087: 5085: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5026: 5020: 5019:Methazolamide 5017: 5014: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5004:Diclofenamide 5002: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4985:Acetazolamide 4983: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4971: 4967: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4950:Physostigmine 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4923: 4921: 4919: 4915: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4903:Acetylcholine 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4891: 4885: 4882: 4880: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4868: 4865: 4863: 4859: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4837: 4833: 4830: 4828: 4827:Apraclonidine 4825: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4811: 4807: 4803: 4795: 4790: 4788: 4783: 4781: 4776: 4775: 4772: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4733: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4710: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4685: 4683: 4679: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4643: 4640: 4638: 4635: 4633: 4630: 4628: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4618: 4615: 4613: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602:Carbenoxolone 4600: 4598: 4595: 4593: 4590: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4574: 4572: 4568: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4547: 4544: 4543: 4541: 4538: 4537:acid blockers 4532: 4526: 4523: 4521: 4520:Tenatoprazole 4518: 4516: 4513: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4503: 4501: 4498: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4473: 4472: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4456: 4453: 4451: 4448: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4393: 4391: 4388: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4359: 4354: 4352: 4347: 4345: 4340: 4339: 4336: 4320: 4318: 4315: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4306: 4303: 4301: 4298: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4273: 4271: 4269: 4265: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4249:Dinoprost/F2α 4246: 4245: 4241: 4238: 4236: 4233: 4231: 4228: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4219: 4217: 4212: 4208: 4202: 4199: 4196: 4192: 4189: 4187: 4184: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4166: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4128: 4123: 4122: 4119: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4089: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4081: 4080: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4049: 4047: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4036: 4032: 4026: 4024: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4000: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3990: 3987: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3975: 3973: 3969: 3968: 3963: 3957: 3955: 3949: 3947: 3941: 3939: 3933: 3931: 3925: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3918: 3914: 3908: 3906: 3900: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3879: 3873: 3871: 3865: 3863: 3857: 3855: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3839: 3838: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3818: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3789: 3779: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3749: 3748: 3746: 3742: 3736: 3733: 3732: 3730: 3726: 3723: 3720: 3716: 3706: 3700: 3698: 3692: 3690: 3684: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3675: 3669: 3663: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3648: 3642: 3639: 3638: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3612: 3606: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3573: 3566: 3565: 3563: 3559: 3552: 3545: 3544: 3541: 3540:(Alprostadil) 3534: 3533: 3530: 3523: 3522: 3520: 3517: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3415: 3410: 3408: 3403: 3402: 3399: 3381: 3378: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3371: 3368: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3359: 3353: 3352:Prostaglandin 3350: 3348: 3345: 3343: 3340: 3338: 3335: 3334: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3259: 3258: 3255: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3245: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3217: 3211: 3208: 3206: 3203: 3201: 3198: 3196: 3193: 3191: 3188: 3187: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3173: 3170: 3168: 3165: 3164: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3141: 3138: 3136: 3133: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3120: 3119: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3107: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3087: 3085: 3082: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2944: 2941: 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2922: 2919: 2917: 2913: 2907: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2895: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2863: 2862: 2861: 2858: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2849: 2841: 2838: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2831: 2828: 2824: 2821: 2819: 2816: 2814: 2811: 2809: 2806: 2804: 2801: 2799: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2791: 2790: 2788: 2786: 2782: 2772: 2769: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2740: 2737: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2712: 2708: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2685: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629:Hypothalamic– 2626: 2623: 2621: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2599: 2597: 2592: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2581: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2566: 2554: 2548: 2544: 2537: 2529: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2502: 2494: 2488: 2474:on 2008-02-27 2470: 2463: 2456: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2422: 2415: 2409: 2408: 2401: 2394: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2359: 2351: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2302: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2260: 2252: 2246: 2238: 2234: 2229: 2224: 2219: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2195: 2187: 2181: 2177: 2173: 2169: 2162: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2111: 2103: 2099: 2094: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2078:(2): 311–20. 2077: 2073: 2069: 2062: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2029:(5): 603–10. 2028: 2024: 2020: 2013: 2005: 2003:0-443-07145-4 1999: 1995: 1988: 1986: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1942: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1886: 1881: 1877: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1831:(6): 363–71. 1830: 1826: 1819: 1813: 1812:0-7817-4363-X 1809: 1805: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1754: 1750: 1744: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1673: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1621: 1613: 1611:3-527-29284-5 1607: 1603: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1585: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1562:(5552): 644. 1561: 1557: 1553: 1546: 1538: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1517: 1509: 1505: 1500: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1484:(2): 208–18. 1483: 1479: 1475: 1468: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1432: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1397: 1389: 1387:0-87893-617-3 1383: 1379: 1372: 1364: 1360: 1355: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1323: 1321: 1306: 1302: 1296: 1292: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1261: 1257: 1246: 1243: 1240: 1237: 1236: 1230: 1218: 1214: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1188: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1170: 1166: 1162: 1160: 1156: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1118: 1116: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1089:Clinical uses 1083: 1076: 1070: 1068: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1002: 999: 997: 994: 991: 988: 987: 986: 984: 978: 976: 973: 971: 970: 963: 962: 957: 954: 952: 949: 948: 947: 945: 942: 941: 935: 933: 930: 926: 923: 920: 917: 916:smooth muscle 914: 911: 908: 905: 902: 899: 895: 892: 888: 887: 886: 884: 878: 876: 870: 869: 864: 861: 858: 857:smooth muscle 855: 852: 850: 847: 846: 845: 843: 837: 835: 829: 828: 822: 821:smooth muscle 819: 816: 814: 811: 810: 809: 807: 801: 799: 793: 791: 790: 782: 776: 773: 769: 766: 765: 764: 762: 759: 757: 754: 752: 751: 744: 743: 738: 735: 733: 729: 727: 724: 723: 722: 720: 714: 712: 709: 707: 706: 699: 698: 694: 691: 689: 686: 683: 682: 679: 673: 662: 651: 640: 624: 621: 618: 616: 612: 608: 605: 601: 600: 599: 596: 594: 590: 586: 576: 550: 546: 526: 519: 516: 506: 500: 492: 484: 476: 464: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 445:blood vessels 438: 435: 432: 429: 428: 427: 425: 415: 413: 409: 405: 395: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 358: 354: 350: 348: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 309: 305: 291: 289: 285: 281: 277: 274: 270: 265: 263: 259: 255: 248: 241: 237: 233: 232:Ulf von Euler 230: 226: 225:seminal fluid 222: 219: 215: 214:prostaglandin 204: 198: 187: 180: 176: 171: 169: 165: 161: 157: 156:smooth muscle 153: 149: 145: 140: 138: 135: 131: 127: 123: 119: 113: 111: 107: 103: 102:5-carbon ring 99: 95: 92: 88: 87:enzymatically 84: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 60: 54: 46: 40: 39:- Alprostadil 32: 19: 7978: 7971: 7916: 7535: 7463: 7460:Propacetamol 7450:Parapropamol 7426: 7414: 7397: 7385: 7377:Floctafenine 7368: 7326: 7303:Azapropazone 7300:Pyrazolones: 7299: 7252: 7234:Tarenflurbil 7169:Flurbiprofen 7139:Dexibuprofen 7119:Benoxaprofen 7114:Alminoprofen 7110: 7037:Glucametacin 6948: 6925:Salicylamide 6915:Salacetamide 6856: 6805:Trimoprostil 6800:Tiprostanide 6785:Spiriprostil 6720:Naxaprostene 6670:Esuberaprost 6625:Cobiprostone 6423:Antagonists: 6422: 6386: 6357:Antagonists: 6356: 6350:Treprostinil 6258: 6190:Fluprostenol 6180:Cloprostenol 6161: 6075: 6042:Antagonists: 6041: 6007:Lubiprostone 6003: 5975:Antagonists: 5974: 5888: 5850:Antagonists: 5849: 5843:Treprostinil 5811: 5763:Antagonists: 5762: 5728:Lubiprostone 5704: 5599:Antagonists: 5598: 5580: 5542:Antagonists: 5541: 5535:Treprostinil 5523: 5373: 5355: 5295:Imidafenacin 5285:Fesoterodine 5164:+latanoprost 5155:Guanethidine 5143:Other agents 5057:Metipranolol 4998:+brimonidine 4990:Brinzolamide 4976:sulfonamides 4940:Fluostigmine 4718: 4715: 4681:Combinations 4647:Sulglicotide 4587:Alginic acid 4505:Pantoprazole 4495:Lansoprazole 4485:Esomeprazole 4475:Azeloprazole 4468:("-prazole") 4435: 4366:peptic ulcer 4230:Gemeprost/E1 4210: 4195:Syntometrine 4186:Acetergamine 4086:stimulation: 4082: 4066:stimulation: 4062: 4037: 4011: 3988: 3970: 3921:vasodilation 3919: 3886: 3835: 3625:Leukotrienes 3591:Thromboxanes 3460: 3351: 3135:Thymopoietin 3071:Pineal gland 3056:Somatostatin 3019:Progesterone 2966:Progesterone 2933:Testosterone 2916:Gonadal axis 2888:Thyroid axis 2785:Adrenal axis 2640:Hypothalamus 2542: 2536: 2511: 2507: 2501: 2476:. Retrieved 2469:the original 2455: 2428: 2424: 2414: 2405: 2400: 2391: 2385:. Retrieved 2381: 2372: 2358:cite journal 2323: 2319: 2309: 2295:cite journal 2270: 2266: 2259: 2245:cite journal 2208: 2204: 2194: 2167: 2161: 2124: 2120: 2110: 2075: 2071: 2061: 2026: 2022: 2012: 1994:Pharmacology 1993: 1951: 1947: 1941: 1916: 1912: 1902: 1867: 1863: 1853: 1828: 1824: 1818: 1803: 1798: 1773: 1767: 1756:. Retrieved 1753:ResearchGate 1752: 1743: 1718: 1715:Biochemistry 1714: 1707: 1682: 1679:Biochemistry 1678: 1672: 1664: 1634: 1630: 1620: 1595: 1584: 1559: 1555: 1545: 1526: 1516: 1481: 1477: 1467: 1442: 1438: 1431: 1406: 1402: 1396: 1377: 1371: 1336: 1332: 1308:. Retrieved 1304: 1295: 1278:dysmenorrhea 1266:menstruation 1260: 1228: 1211: 1115:mifepristone 1092: 1067:inflammation 1030: 964: 951:hyperalgesia 943:Unspecified 863:vasodilation 784: 745: 726:vasodilation 700: 633: 611:hypothalamus 597: 582: 512: 470: 457:inflammation 442: 421: 401: 392:leukotrienes 380:prostacyclin 351: 313: 308:Biosynthesis 299:Biosynthesis 294:Biochemistry 284:John R. Vane 266: 229:physiologist 213: 210: 175:double bonds 172: 160:thromboxanes 152:inflammation 144:vasodilators 141: 114: 62: 58: 57: 7917:Precursors: 7857:Nicogrelate 7837:Furegrelate 7778:Bimatoprost 7688:Trifenagrel 7678:Tiflamizole 7648:Rutecarpine 7633:Resveratrol 7574:Glimepiride 7539:Anitrazafen 7517:Robenacoxib 7497:Lumiracoxib 7430:Acetanilide 7372:Antrafenine 7330:Ampiroxicam 7224:Pranoprofen 7209:Naproxcinod 7102:Zidometacin 7027:Fenclofenac 6952:Aceclofenac 6890:Ethenzamide 6885:Dipyrocetyl 6780:Rosaprostol 6760:Posaraprost 6745:Penprostene 6735:Ornoprostil 6715:Mexiprostil 6710:Meteneprost 6665:Eptaloprost 6640:Dimoxaprost 6605:Arbaprostil 6559:Seratrodast 6451:BMS-180,291 6282:Carbacyclin 6232:Unoprostone 6212:(dinoprost) 6195:Latanoprost 6170:Bimatoprost 6165:Alfaprostol 6121:(dinoprost) 6060:ONO-AE3-208 6012:Misoprostol 5968:Sulprostone 5958:Remiprostol 5927:Misoprostol 5922:Latanoprost 5897:Carbacyclin 5858:PF-04418948 5820:Misoprostol 5756:Sulprostone 5733:Misoprostol 5723:Latanoprost 5657:Vidupiprant 5647:Timapiprant 5642:Setipiprant 5617:Fevipiprant 5584:Indometacin 5555:Vidupiprant 5550:Laropiprant 5412:Succinimide 5330:Tolterodine 5320:Solifenacin 5315:Propiverine 5300:Meladrazine 5270:Darifenacin 5259:(primarily 5217:Urologicals 5150:Dapiprazole 5134:Unoprostone 5104:+netarsudil 5100:Latanoprost 5090:Bimatoprost 5052:Levobunolol 5009:Dorzolamide 4945:Neostigmine 4931:Ecothiopate 4893:muscarinic/ 4884:Pilocarpine 4852:Epinephrine 4847:Dipivefrine 4832:Brimonidine 4743:from market 4652:Telenzepine 4627:Pirenzepine 4622:Lesogaberan 4617:Irsogladine 4582:Acetoxolone 4539:("-prazan") 4525:Timoprazole 4515:Rabeprazole 4510:Picoprazole 4450:Misoprostol 4443:("-prost-") 4389:("-tidine") 4387:antagonists 4307:from market 4286:Demoxytocin 4191:Ergometrine 4148:Uterotonics 4105:(Dinoprost) 3829:By function 3820:Virodhamine 3551:(Dinoprost) 3452:Prostanoids 3428:Eicosanoids 3319:Osteocalcin 3296:Adiponectin 3123:Thymosin α1 2898:Parathyroid 2798:Aldosterone 2701:Vasopressin 2326:(1): 7–11. 2211:(7): 1571. 1590:Nicolaou KC 1270:endometrial 1245:Prostamides 1198:egg binding 1184:alprostadil 1169:bimatoprost 1144:vasodilator 1059:production) 992:contraction 918:contraction 823:contraction 613:to produce 604:eicosanoids 499:misoprostol 388:macrophages 376:thromboxane 332:endothelium 273:biochemists 262:Japan Prize 179:hydrocarbon 108:and of the 106:eicosanoids 75:eicosanoids 7887:Samixogrel 7882:Rolafagrel 7867:Picotamide 7847:Midazogrel 7822:Camonagrel 7683:Timegadine 7628:Pamicogrel 7599:Licofelone 7579:Hyperforin 7544:Clobuzarit 7532:Valdecoxib 7527:Tilmacoxib 7512:Polmacoxib 7487:Etoricoxib 7455:Phenacetin 7423:Nimesulide 7401:Clonixeril 7394:Proquazone 7350:Lornoxicam 7249:Vedaprofen 7199:Miroprofen 7194:Loxoprofen 7189:Ketoprofen 7184:Indoprofen 7159:Fenoprofen 7072:Oxametacin 7067:Nabumetone 7007:Diclofenac 7002:Clometacin 6997:Cinmetacin 6992:Bumadizone 6972:Alclofenac 6957:Acemetacin 6895:Guacetisal 6880:Diflunisal 6830:inhibitors 6795:Tilsuprost 6775:Rivenprost 6770:Rioprostil 6765:Prostalene 6750:Pimilprost 6740:Oxoprostol 6730:Nocloprost 6705:Luprostiol 6695:Lanproston 6690:Froxiprost 6685:Flunoprost 6675:Etiproston 6660:Enisoprost 6655:Eganoprost 6615:Ciprostene 6584:Terutroban 6574:Sulotroban 6554:Samixogrel 6539:Ramatroban 6526:Picotamide 6511:Mipitroban 6506:Linotroban 6491:Imitrodast 6481:ICI-192605 6476:ICI-185282 6461:Domitroban 6441:Argatroban 6340:Taprostene 6262:ACT-333679 6227:Travoprost 6222:Tafluprost 6217:Sulotroban 6175:Carboprost 6131:Taprenepag 6112:Omidenepag 6107:Nocloprost 6097:Evatanepag 6092:Carboprost 6045:Grapiprant 5637:Ramatroban 5545:Asapiprant 5465:modulators 5459:Prostanoid 5382:Dapoxetine 5359:analogues: 5325:Terodiline 5310:Oxybutynin 5305:Mirabegron 5280:Emepronium 5230:Acidifiers 5170:Omidenepag 5160:Netarsudil 5124:Travoprost 5119:Tafluprost 5067:Mepindolol 4926:Demecarium 4879:Aceclidine 4871:muscarinic 4716:See also: 4672:Zolimidine 4642:Sucralfate 4637:Rebamipide 4632:Proglumide 4561:Vonoprazan 4556:Soraprazan 4551:Revaprazan 4546:Linaprazan 4500:Omeprazole 4490:Ilaprazole 4426:Roxatidine 4421:Ranitidine 4416:Nizatidine 4406:Lafutidine 4401:Famotidine 4396:Cimetidine 4364:Drugs for 4281:Carbetocin 4013:leukocytes 3792:Nonclassic 3347:Calcitriol 3233:Peptide YY 2883:Calcitonin 2835:Adrenaline 2764:Lipotropin 2759:Endorphins 2478:2008-01-26 2393:membranes. 2387:2020-07-15 1758:2017-02-04 1409:(3): 268. 1310:2018-09-21 1288:References 1191:penis size 1146:in severe 1099:childbirth 1097:To induce 1021:See also: 1017:Inhibition 924:inhibition 859:relaxation 384:leukocytes 344:fatty acid 340:mast cells 168:thrombosis 110:prostanoid 91:fatty acid 7892:Terbogrel 7872:Pirmagrel 7832:Dazoxiben 7827:Dazmegrel 7720:Retinoids 7638:Romazarit 7584:Itazigrel 7569:FR-122047 7564:Flumizole 7522:Rofecoxib 7507:Parecoxib 7502:Mavacoxib 7492:Firocoxib 7482:Deracoxib 7477:Cimicoxib 7472:Celecoxib 7467:Apricoxib 7418:Flosulide 7382:Glafenine 7365:Tenoxicam 7360:Piroxicam 7355:Meloxicam 7239:Tepoxalin 7219:Pirprofen 7214:Oxaprozin 7179:Ibuproxam 7174:Ibuprofen 7134:Carprofen 7129:Butibufen 7107:Zomepirac 7077:Oxindanac 7062:Mofezolac 7057:Lonazolac 7052:Ketorolac 7032:Fentiazac 6987:Bufexamac 6982:Bromfenac 6962:Aclofenac 6945:Triflusal 6935:Salsalate 6860:Aloxiprin 6810:Viprostol 6755:Piriprost 6725:Nileprost 6700:Limaprost 6650:Ecraprost 6645:Doxaprost 6635:Deprostil 6620:Clinprost 6579:Terbogrel 6569:SQ-29,548 6564:SQ-28,668 6521:ONO-11120 6486:Ifetroban 6456:Daltroban 6446:Bay U3405 6416:Vapiprost 6387:Agonists: 6360:RO1138452 6335:Selexipag 6330:Ralinepag 6287:Cicaprost 6277:BMY-45778 6272:Beraprost 6259:Agonists: 6185:Enprostil 6162:Agonists: 6126:Simenepag 6102:Gemeprost 6076:Agonists: 6050:GW-627368 6004:Agonists: 5907:Enprostil 5902:Cicaprost 5892:Beraprost 5889:Agonists: 5815:Butaprost 5812:Agonists: 5713:Enprostil 5708:Beraprost 5705:Agonists: 5612:Bay U3405 5581:Agonists: 5524:Agonists: 5462:signaling 5417:Tiopronin 5290:Flavoxate 5175:Ripasudil 5047:Carteolol 5042:Betaxolol 5037:Befunolol 4908:Carbachol 4895:nicotinic 4842:Clonidine 4753:Phase III 4741:Withdrawn 4662:Troxipide 4657:Teprenone 4612:Gefarnate 4607:Cetraxate 4455:Enprostil 4441:analogues 4370:GERD/GORD 4317:Phase III 4305:Withdrawn 4216:analogues 4156:oxytocics 3972:platelets 3728:Precursor 3634:Precursor 3470:Precursor 3435:Precursor 3118:Thymosins 3079:Melatonin 2961:Estradiol 2808:Cortisone 2734:Prolactin 2631:pituitary 2618:Endocrine 2404:Medscape 1933:0031-9333 1576:220151673 1208:Synthesis 1200:in small 1196:To treat 1178:To treat 1154:of a limb 1079:vitamin K 1072:Vitamin D 1052:(inhibit 1046:or coxibs 1038:(inhibit 956:pyrogenic 929:autonomic 922:lipolysis 903:secretion 772:mammalian 695:Function 579:Functions 515:lipocalin 328:platelets 324:paracrine 320:autocrine 264:in 1989. 148:platelets 134:endocrine 130:secretion 126:paracrine 122:autocrine 89:from the 7996:Category 7968:See also 7877:Ridogrel 7852:Nafagrel 7842:Isbogrel 7725:Selenium 7693:Tropesin 7668:SC-58125 7653:Satigrel 7618:NCX-4040 7594:L-670596 7589:L-655240 7549:Curcumin 7411:Flunixin 7406:Clonixin 7345:Isoxicam 7340:Enolicam 7335:Droxicam 7313:Isopyrin 7308:Dipyrone 7229:Suprofen 7204:Naproxen 7154:Fenbufen 7097:Tolmetin 7087:Sulindac 7022:Felbinac 7017:Etodolac 6977:Bendazac 6790:Tiaprost 6610:Ataprost 6598:Unsorted 6544:Ridogrel 6516:ONO-3708 6501:L-670596 6496:L-655240 6471:GR-32191 6087:Aganepag 6069:Unsorted 6055:L-161982 6035:TCS-2510 5978:L-798106 5863:TG 4-155 5786:SC-51322 5781:SC-51089 5776:SC-19220 5771:ONO-8130 5607:AZD-1981 5602:ADC-3680 5473:Receptor 5377:Collagen 5340:Vibegron 5128:+timolol 5108:+timolol 5094:+timolol 5013:+timolol 4994:+timolol 4956:Paraoxon 4936:Stigmine 4836:+timolol 4802:glaucoma 4276:Oxytocin 4015:: induce 3974:: induce 3800:Lipoxins 3311:Skeleton 3301:Resistin 3200:Secretin 3182:Duodenum 3140:Thymulin 3041:Glucagon 3033:Pancreas 3014:Estrogen 2996:Placenta 2803:Cortisol 2696:Oxytocin 2658:Dopamine 2610:Hormones 2487:cite web 2447:25487360 2350:20046582 2237:34206530 2153:32714206 2102:17242161 2053:11238561 1968:27940058 1954:: 7–19. 1894:31535715 1845:17174824 1790:23440779 1735:16475787 1699:14979715 1661:27230680 1508:16994667 1459:38622866 1423:85374636 1363:21508345 1233:See also 1165:glaucoma 1152:ischemia 1103:abortion 913:GI tract 854:GI tract 818:GI tract 730:inhibit 688:Receptor 606:hormones 563:from PGH 555:from PGD 539:into PGI 527:from PGH 451:and the 316:produced 218:prostate 137:hormones 118:receptor 7897:U63557A 7862:Ozagrel 7673:Tenidap 7613:NCX-466 7559:FK-3311 7554:DuP-697 7440:Bucetin 6967:Amfenac 6920:Salicin 6589:TRA-418 6436:AA-2414 6426:12-HETE 6411:U-46619 6345:TRA-418 6302:MRE-269 5853:AH-6809 5766:AH-6809 5652:TM30089 5632:QAV-680 5627:MK-7246 5622:MK-1029 5479:ligands 5253:Urinary 5062:Timolol 4038:inhibit 3989:inhibit 3650:Initial 3205:Motilin 3172:Ghrelin 3167:Gastrin 3159:Stomach 3046:Insulin 2981:Relaxin 2976:Inhibin 2971:Activin 2943:Inhibin 2852:Thyroid 2528:5808505 2341:2715203 2287:8240383 2228:8303864 2144:7344237 2127:: 705. 2093:2118736 1976:1513449 1885:6751587 1652:5080328 1499:1394818 1354:3081099 1167:(as in 898:gastric 891:gastric 667:), and 602:create 559:and PGF 453:kidneys 449:stomach 386:and in 370:or the 336:uterine 269:aspirin 177:in the 79:hormone 69:active 7910:Others 7759:HQL-79 7663:SC-560 7658:SC-236 7623:NS-398 6824:Enzyme 6466:EP-045 6431:13-APA 6371:TP (TX 6307:NS-304 6267:AFP-07 5374:Other: 4806:miosis 4736:WHO-EM 4570:Others 4300:WHO-EM 3802:(LX) ( 3744:Eoxins 3719:Eoxins 3489:Active 3329:Kidney 3291:Leptin 3250:/other 3110:Thymus 3051:Amylin 2925:Testis 2818:DHEA-S 2620:glands 2575:(MeSH) 2549:  2526:  2445:  2348:  2338:  2285:  2235:  2225:  2182:  2151:  2141:  2100:  2090:  2051:  2044:199422 2041:  2000:  1974:  1966:  1931:  1892:  1882:  1843:  1810:  1788:  1733:  1697:  1659:  1649:  1608:  1574:  1533:  1506:  1496:  1457:  1421:  1384:  1361:  1351:  1274:uterus 1109:or PGF 1042:) and 1036:NSAIDs 990:uterus 907:uterus 461:growth 98:carbon 83:tissue 6549:S-145 6398:I-BOP 6243:IP (I 6146:FP (F 5672:EP (E 5491:DP (D 4084:labor 4064:fever 3678:SRS-A 3362:Heart 3337:Renin 3267:IGF-2 3262:IGF-1 3248:Liver 3238:GLP-1 3220:Ileum 3102:Other 2986:GnSAF 2953:Ovary 2472:(PDF) 2465:(PDF) 2205:Cells 1972:S2CID 1572:S2CID 1455:S2CID 1419:S2CID 1252:Notes 1202:birds 1142:As a 901:mucus 684:Type 630:Types 615:fever 493:, PGH 437:COX-2 431:COX-1 221:gland 71:lipid 7810:TXAS 7768:PGFS 7749:PGES 6847:PTGS 5357:Urea 5221:G04B 4810:S01E 4438:(E)/ 4374:A02B 4368:and 4160:G02A 3721:(EX) 3627:(LT) 3593:(TX) 3463:(PG) 2813:DHEA 2749:ACTH 2744:CLIP 2739:POMC 2668:GHRH 2648:GnRH 2547:ISBN 2524:PMID 2493:link 2443:PMID 2364:link 2346:PMID 2301:link 2283:PMID 2251:link 2233:PMID 2180:ISBN 2149:PMID 2098:PMID 2049:PMID 1998:ISBN 1964:PMID 1929:ISSN 1890:PMID 1868:2019 1841:PMID 1808:ISBN 1786:PMID 1731:PMID 1695:PMID 1657:PMID 1606:ISBN 1531:ISBN 1504:PMID 1382:ISBN 1359:PMID 1135:(PGE 1105:(PGE 1077:and 1025:and 761:GPCR 674:(PGF 663:(PGE 652:(PGD 593:PGD2 553:2α,β 545:TxAS 477:(PGE 459:and 359:via 338:and 322:and 282:and 249:and 192:and 7787:PGI 7704:PGD 6842:COX 4247:F: 4223:E: 4213:and 4100:PGF 4091:PGE 4071:PGE 4051:PGE 4043:PGD 4028:LTB 4020:TXA 4002:PGI 3994:PGD 3979:TXA 3959:LTE 3951:LTD 3943:LTC 3935:PGI 3927:PGE 3910:TXB 3902:TXA 3894:PGF 3875:LTE 3867:LTD 3859:LTC 3851:TXA 3843:PGD 3496:D/J 3380:BNP 3375:ANP 3342:EPO 3210:VIP 3195:GIP 3190:CCK 3009:HPL 3004:hCG 2938:AMH 2906:PTH 2754:MSH 2729:TSH 2719:FSH 2678:MCH 2663:CRH 2653:TRH 2516:doi 2433:doi 2429:115 2336:PMC 2328:doi 2275:doi 2223:PMC 2213:doi 2172:doi 2139:PMC 2129:doi 2088:PMC 2080:doi 2076:204 2039:PMC 2031:doi 2027:107 1956:doi 1952:796 1921:doi 1880:PMC 1872:doi 1833:doi 1778:doi 1723:doi 1687:doi 1647:PMC 1639:doi 1564:doi 1494:PMC 1486:doi 1447:doi 1411:doi 1349:PMC 1341:doi 1157:In 1150:or 966:PGF 786:PGE 770:In 747:PGD 702:PGI 678:). 656:), 645:), 595:). 575:). 522:PGD 242:of 170:). 124:or 7998:: 7735:, 7731:, 7534:; 7462:; 7425:; 7413:; 7396:; 7384:; 7367:; 7325:; 7298:; 7251:; 7109:; 6947:; 6373:A2 6210:2α 6148:2α 6119:2α 5989:EP 5874:EP 5797:EP 5690:EP 5566:DP 5509:DP 5106:, 5081:2α 5079:(F 4996:, 4749:: 4313:: 4102:2α 3896:2α 3809:, 3549:2α 3518:/F 2771:GH 2724:LH 2522:. 2512:91 2510:. 2489:}} 2485:{{ 2441:. 2427:. 2423:. 2390:. 2380:. 2360:}} 2356:{{ 2344:. 2334:. 2322:. 2318:. 2297:}} 2293:{{ 2281:. 2271:46 2269:. 2247:}} 2243:{{ 2231:. 2221:. 2209:10 2207:. 2203:. 2178:. 2147:. 2137:. 2125:11 2123:. 2119:. 2096:. 2086:. 2074:. 2070:. 2047:. 2037:. 2025:. 2021:. 1984:^ 1970:. 1962:. 1950:. 1927:. 1917:88 1915:. 1911:. 1888:. 1878:. 1866:. 1862:. 1839:. 1829:19 1827:. 1784:. 1751:. 1729:. 1719:45 1717:. 1693:. 1683:43 1681:. 1663:. 1655:. 1645:. 1635:37 1633:. 1629:. 1604:. 1602:65 1570:. 1558:. 1554:. 1525:. 1502:. 1492:. 1482:84 1480:. 1476:. 1453:. 1443:14 1441:. 1417:. 1407:28 1405:. 1357:. 1347:. 1337:31 1335:. 1331:. 1319:^ 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3853:2 3845:2 3816:) 3813:4 3811:B 3806:4 3804:A 3777:4 3775:E 3769:4 3767:D 3761:4 3759:C 3753:4 3751:A 3704:4 3702:E 3696:4 3694:D 3688:4 3686:C 3667:4 3665:B 3659:4 3657:A 3610:2 3608:B 3602:2 3600:A 3574:: 3570:2 3568:I 3561:I 3553:: 3547:F 3538:1 3536:E 3527:2 3525:E 3516:E 3505:2 3503:D 3479:2 3477:H 3420:e 3413:t 3406:v 2875:4 2873:T 2867:3 2865:T 2602:e 2595:t 2588:v 2555:. 2530:. 2518:: 2495:) 2481:. 2449:. 2435:: 2366:) 2352:. 2330:: 2324:1 2303:) 2289:. 2277:: 2253:) 2239:. 2215:: 2188:. 2174:: 2155:. 2131:: 2104:. 2082:: 2055:. 2033:: 2006:. 1978:. 1958:: 1935:. 1923:: 1896:. 1874:: 1847:. 1835:: 1792:. 1780:: 1761:. 1737:. 1725:: 1701:. 1689:: 1641:: 1614:. 1578:. 1566:: 1560:2 1539:. 1510:. 1488:: 1461:. 1449:: 1425:. 1413:: 1390:. 1365:. 1343:: 1313:. 1280:. 1175:) 1139:) 1137:1 1107:2 1084:. 1081:2 1074:3 1056:2 982:q 980:G 882:i 880:G 874:3 841:s 839:G 833:2 805:q 803:G 797:1 788:2 749:2 718:s 716:G 704:2 665:2 660:2 654:2 649:2 643:2 638:2 569:2 565:2 557:2 541:2 537:2 533:2 529:2 524:2 503:2 495:2 489:( 487:2 479:2 474:2 363:2 253:2 201:2 196:2 190:1 185:1 61:( 51:2 49:I 37:1 35:E 20:)

Index

Prostaglandins

E1 - Alprostadil

I2 - Prostacyclin
physiologically
lipid
eicosanoids
hormone
tissue
enzymatically
fatty acid
arachidonic acid
carbon
5-carbon ring
eicosanoids
prostanoid
receptor
autocrine
paracrine
secretion
endocrine
hormones
vasodilators
platelets
inflammation
smooth muscle
thromboxanes
vasoconstrictors
thrombosis

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