329:
521:. The Second Circuit also held that the CAA did not displace federal common law of nuisance because it is a federal common law issue when dealing with ambient or interstate air and water as stated in Milwaukee I. In a ruling in September 2009, the Second Circuit determined the EPA failed to publicize any regulations pertaining to GHG emissions and could not speculate whether the hypothetical regulation of GHGs under the CAA would pertain to the issues raised by the plaintiffs. Based on that fact, the Second Circuit denied defendants' request for rehearing. The Supreme Court granted certiorari on December 6, 2010.
31:
533:
575:
consideration or decision of the case as, prior to her elevation to the
Supreme Court, she heard the case as a Second Circuit judge. The Supreme Court rejected the plaintiffs' claim and the Second Circuit's holding that federal common law is not displaced since the EPA had not exercised its authority by setting emissions standards for the defendants' plants. However, after the Second Circuit delivered its opinion and prior to the Supreme Court's judgment, the EPA had taken several relevant actions following
420:, the main issue was deciding if redistricting (attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) presents justiciable questions, which would allow federal courts to hear the case, or whether the case presented a political question. Any case that is deemed a "political question" cannot be resolved by federal courts. In the decision, Justice Brennan identified six factors to help determine which questions are political in nature. The six factors are:
453:, the district court dismissed the plaintiffs' suit as presenting a non-justiciable political question because of the "impossibility of deciding the issue without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion." However, the Second Circuit reversed this decision and using the six-factor test determined that the plaintiffs were not barred by the political question doctrine.
622:, the city of Kivalina brought suit against 24 oil, gas, coal, and utility companies claiming the destruction of the coastal city of Kivalina, Alaska is being caused by activities of the energy industry that are resulting in global warming. An appeal was filed in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeal, but it was rejected, holding that the plaintiff did not have standing under federal common law.
637:, the residents and owners of property along the Mississippi Gulf Coast filed a class action lawsuit against a multitude of oil, coal, and chemical companies, alleging that GHGs were emitted by the defendants, thereby contributing to air and sea temperature elevations, which caused glacial melting and rising sea levels. The foregoing actions fueled
551:
500:
The defendants filed a motion to dismiss based on failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted and for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. The defendants claimed the plaintiffs raised a political question that was unfit for adjudication by the courts. The
District Court dismissed both
596:
Based on EPA's designated authority, it is up to the EPA to decide whether and how to regulate GHGs from power plants. However, the court does leave a course of legal action open in the event the EPA does not enforce emissions limits against regulated sources by allowing "any person" to bring civil
471:
case because it establishes that carbon dioxide and GHG emissions regulations set by the EPA supersede federal common law. The EPA started phasing in requirements that new or modified GHG emitting facilities use the best available control technology (BACT) and started a rulemaking to set limits on
496:
The plaintiffs claimed that GHG emissions from the defendants' power plants have significantly contributed to global warming. By contributing to global warming, the defendants were violating the federal common law of interstate nuisance. According to the states and New York City, climate change
351:
One group of plaintiffs was composed of the City of New York and eight states, including: California, Connecticut, Iowa, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, Vermont, and
Wisconsin. However, New Jersey and Wisconsin eventually withdrew from the case. The other group of plaintiffs included three
296:
law due to ongoing contributions to global warming. They alleged that the defendants are the five largest emitters of GHGs in the United States, collectively emitting 650 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. The plaintiffs claimed that by contributing to global warming the defendants are
587:
setting precedent, the court held that the authority of the EPA to regulate GHGs delegated by the CAA displaces any federal common law right of state, city, and private parties to seek abatement of carbon-dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel fired power plants. The
Supreme Court held that the
574:
On June 20, 2011, Justice
Ginsburg delivered the opinion of the Court, with Justices Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Breyer, and Kagan joining. Justice Alito filed an opinion concurring in part and concurring in the judgement, which Justice Thomas joined. Justice Sotomayor took no part in the
517:. The Second Circuit also held that the plaintiffs had adequately alleged Article III standing under the federal common law of nuisance and maintained that states may bring suit to abate air and water pollution produced by other states or by out-of-state industry as stated in
146:
1. The Second
Circuit’s exercise of jurisdiction is affirmed by an equally divided Court. / 2. The Clean Air Act and the EPA action the Act authorizes displace any federal common-law right to seek abatement of carbon-dioxide emissions from fossil-fuel fired power
291:
Eight states, the City of New York, and three land trusts, separately sued the same electric power corporations that owned and operated fossil-fuel-fired power plants in twenty states. The plaintiffs sought to cap-and-abate the defendants' GHG emissions under
588:
plaintiffs could not sue based on the federal common law of public nuisance because the federal common law was in fact displaced by a federal statute, the CAA. Displacement occurs when a statute "speaks directly to the question at issue."
801:
549:
1447:
497:
poses risks to public lands, infrastructure, and human health. The private land trusts claimed climate change may cause destruction of habitat of rare species, trees and plants inhabiting land owned by the trusts.
396:
Whether a cause of action to regulate carbon dioxide emissions can be inferred under federal common law even though the Clean Air Act designates authority for the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions to the
592:
established that emissions of carbon dioxide qualify as air pollution subject to regulation under the CAA and that this "speaks directly" to the emissions of carbon dioxide from the defendants power plants.
1049:
597:
enforcement action in federal court. Also, if the EPA does not set emissions limits for certain pollutants or pollution sources, states and private parties can petition for a rulemaking in federal court.
1119:
1065:
501:
suits, stating they were non-justiciable matters that raised a political question that can only be addressed by the legislative or executive branches, leaving the court without jurisdiction.
472:
GHG emissions from new, modified, and existing fossil-fuel fired power plants. The case of
American Electric Power v. Connecticut started in 2004, well before the EPA began to regulate GHGs.
1383:
964:
1103:
1073:
542:
301:
114:
550:
1659:
2213:
1345:
1329:
1181:
513:
reversed the judgement of the district court, holding that the political question doctrine did not bar the plaintiffs' case from adjudication by using the six-factor test from
1463:
1253:
1900:
1803:
848:
1431:
1415:
1399:
1391:
1337:
2079:
1005:
1715:
1111:
2228:
2141:
2058:
2046:
1893:
1353:
1197:
580:
312:
vacated and remanded. The Second
Circuit held that the lawsuits were not barred by the political question doctrine, and the plaintiffs had adequately alleged
1621:
913:
769:
702:
510:
424:
Is there a textually demonstrable constitutional commitment of the issue to a coordinate political department (i.e. foreign affairs or executive war powers)?
309:
129:
125:
82:
1966:
1869:
874:
1709:
1839:
1821:
441:
Would attempting to resolve the matter create the possibility of embarrassment from multifarious pronouncements by various departments on one question?
1479:
1439:
479:, which permitted states to challenge EPA's refusal to regulate GHGs and effectively gave states a lower standing threshold than private parties, in
1951:
1173:
1081:
463:
338:
1961:
1205:
1127:
435:
The impossibility of a court's undertaking independent resolution without expressing lack of the respect due coordinate branches of government.
393:
Whether states, cities, and private parties have standing to seek emissions caps on utilities for their alleged contribution to climate change.
2208:
1971:
1943:
1906:
998:
1886:
1189:
1827:
1143:
1135:
332:
State plaintiffs in the case. New Jersey and
Wisconsin, in light red, eventually withdrew. The Supreme Court held that state parties had
2178:
1221:
467:, the court held that the CAA gives the EPA the task of regulating carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions. This is significant in the
1579:
1542:
991:
626:
followed the
Supreme Court's decision in denying federal public nuisance claims of damages allegedly caused by GHGs as decided in
2183:
2114:
1976:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1749:
2069:
1912:
1809:
1797:
1471:
1273:
2198:
2157:
1678:
1455:
978:
969:
431:
The impossibility of deciding the issue without an initial policy determination of a kind clearly for nonjudicial discretion.
2203:
1857:
1815:
823:
2129:
1981:
1291:
1237:
1151:
742:
1851:
1615:
1375:
1313:
1283:
1022:
951:
618:
256:
35:
1684:
1627:
1591:
1423:
1093:
2218:
2193:
2109:
2089:
1956:
1845:
1791:
1666:
776:
1745:
1702:
1014:
272:
2223:
2036:
2016:
1727:
1672:
1554:
1321:
1303:
888:
483:
the Supreme Court held that at least some of the plaintiffs had Article III standing, specifically the states.
1645:
1163:
268:
328:
2188:
1609:
959:
864:
2074:
2021:
1991:
1874:
1696:
1501:
605:
The decision in this case confirms the EPA's primacy as the regulator of GHGs initially established in
381:
2064:
2001:
1880:
1863:
1733:
1639:
1603:
610:
304:
dismissed both groups of plaintiffs' federal common law nuisance claims as non-justiciable under the
2152:
2147:
2084:
1407:
1932:
1739:
365:
260:
924:
616:
The decision in this case also impacted the decisions of similar climate change litigation. In
275:(EPA). Brought to court in July 2004 in the Southern District of New York, this was the first
641:, which caused damage to plaintiffs' property. This case was dismissed on two occasions. In
2052:
2041:
1926:
1919:
1633:
1597:
1509:
1041:
917:
706:
133:
74:
427:
Is there a lack of judicially discoverable and manageable standards for resolving the issue?
2135:
1585:
1261:
1213:
353:
110:
438:
Is there an unusual need for unquestioning adherence to a political decision already made?
8:
2031:
2026:
1548:
1033:
190:
666:
121:
1057:
933:
709:
305:
264:
259:
case in which the Court, in an 8–0 decision, held that corporations cannot be sued for
107:
406:
Two Supreme Court cases played significant roles in the decisions made by the courts.
63:
2094:
1721:
1651:
1567:
827:
638:
491:
645:, the court held that the CAA displaced the plaintiffs' public nuisance claim as in
2011:
870:
373:
118:
983:
77:
1690:
1527:
1365:
1245:
293:
280:
206:
182:
178:
728:
271:(CAA) delegates the management of carbon dioxide and other GHG emissions to the
2104:
770:"Reading the Standing Tea Leaves in American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut"
333:
313:
276:
194:
170:
1448:
Los Angeles County Flood Control District v. Natural Resources Defense Council
746:
609:
and limits the possibility of claiming federal common law public nuisance for
583:, affecting the nation's largest greenhouse gas emitters. With the ruling in
2172:
2119:
2099:
416:
2006:
202:
162:
456:
2124:
942:
377:
214:
504:
356:, the Open Space Conservancy, and the Audubon Society of New Hampshire.
1560:
973:
579:, which included issuing the Endangerment Finding and establishing the
566:
317:
409:
1833:
1573:
1491:
1120:
Baltimore Gas & Electric Co. v. Natural Resources Defense Council
89:
244:
Sotomayor took no part in the consideration or decision of the case.
492:
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
302:
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
1660:
Scenic Hudson Preservation Conference v. Federal Power Commission
369:
1346:
Weyerhaeuser Company v. United States Fish and Wildlife Service
1330:
Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon
30:
1464:
National Association of Manufacturers v. Department of Defense
1416:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1338:
National Association of Home Builders v. Defenders of Wildlife
1254:
HollyFrontier Cheyenne Refining v. Renewable Fuels Association
960:
The Wall Street Journal: Supreme Court Set to Review CO2 Suits
54:
American Electric Power Company, Inc., et al., v. Connecticut
1432:
Coeur Alaska, Inc. v. Southeast Alaska Conservation Council
1400:
S. D. Warren Co. v. Maine Board of Environmental Protection
1392:
South Florida Water Management District v. Miccosukee Tribe
364:
The defendants were five private electric power companies:
231:
Ginsburg, joined by Roberts, Scalia, Kennedy, Breyer, Kagan
449:
because using the six-factor test that was established in
2080:
National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
297:
violating the federal common law of interstate nuisance.
1112:
Metropolitan Edison Co. v. People Against Nuclear Energy
726:
457:
Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency (2007)
2214:
United States Supreme Court cases of the Roberts Court
1354:
United States Fish and Wildlife Service v. Sierra Club
1198:
Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation v. EPA
1074:
Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw Environmental Services
965:
The Second Circuit Appeals Court's opinion in the case
889:"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit"
669:. The Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law
557:
Recording of oral arguments before the Supreme Court.
511:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
505:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
310:
United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
1870:
Alien Species Prevention and Enforcement Act of 1992
1710:
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act
1013:
410:
Baker v. Carr (1962) - Political Questions Doctrine
1840:Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act
802:"Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency"
735:
667:"American Electric Power Co., Inc. v. Connecticut"
1894:Coalition for Responsible Regulation, Inc. v. EPA
2170:
1952:Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry
1716:Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
1082:BP P.L.C. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore
850:Connecticut v. American Electric Power Co., Inc.
607:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
590:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
585:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
577:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
477:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
464:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
339:Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency
320:was granted by the United States Supreme Court.
886:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
1962:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
1206:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
1128:Department of Transportation v. Public Citizen
647:American Electric Power Company v. Connecticut
628:American Electric Power Company v. Connecticut
252:American Electric Power Company v. Connecticut
24:American Electric Power Company v. Connecticut
2229:Greenhouse gas emissions in the United States
1972:United States Environmental Protection Agency
1622:Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act
999:
826:. Environmental Law Institute. Archived from
1182:Chevron v. Natural Resources Defense Council
729:"American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut"
681:
1828:Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act
1144:Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1136:Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance
794:
1822:Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act
1230:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
1222:Environmental Defense v. Duke Energy Corp.
1174:Train v. Natural Resources Defense Council
1006:
992:
910:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
699:American Electric Power Co. v. Connecticut
1580:North Pacific Fur Seal Convention of 1911
1549:Forest Service Organic Administration Act
1190:Whitman v. American Trucking Associations
722:
720:
718:
368:, American Electric Power Service Corp.,
1543:Yellowstone National Park Protection Act
481:American Electrical Power v. Connecticut
469:American Electrical Power v. Connecticut
327:
1977:United States Fish and Wildlife Service
952:Supreme Court (slip opinion) (archived)
524:
2171:
2070:National Ambient Air Quality Standards
1913:Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act
1810:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
1798:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
1472:County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund
979:Onthedocket.org's coverage of the case
715:
447:American Electric Power v. Connecticut
2158:Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action
1679:Environmental Quality Improvement Act
1456:Army Corps of Engineers v. Hawkes Co.
1066:Lujan v. National Wildlife Federation
987:
486:
18:2011 United States Supreme Court case
2209:United States environmental case law
1887:Energy Independence and Security Act
1858:National Environmental Education Act
743:"Baker v. Carr - Case Brief Summary"
2130:Significant New Alternatives Policy
1982:U.S. Global Change Research Program
1292:Southern Union Co. v. United States
1238:Utility Air Regulatory Group v. EPA
1152:Monsanto Co. v. Geertson Seed Farms
659:
308:, and the plaintiffs appealed. The
13:
1907:America's Water Infrastructure Act
1897:(D.C. Cir. Court of Appeals, 2012)
1616:Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act
1376:United States v. Riverside Bayview
1314:Tennessee Valley Authority v. Hill
1284:City of Philadelphia v. New Jersey
624:Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation
619:Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corporation
531:
36:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
2240:
2179:United States Supreme Court cases
1923:(5th Cir. Court of Appeals, 2022)
1685:National Environmental Policy Act
1663:(2nd Cir. Court of Appeals, 1965)
1424:Entergy Corp. v. Riverkeeper Inc.
1384:SWANCC v. Army Corps of Engineers
920:410 (2011) is available from:
902:
852:582 F.3d 309 (2d Cir. 2009), FN*.
239:Alito (in part), joined by Thomas
117:2005); vacated and remanded, 582
2110:Presidential Climate Action Plan
2090:New Source Performance Standards
1957:Council on Environmental Quality
1846:Emergency Wetlands Resources Act
767:
565:Problems playing this file? See
547:
286:
29:
1746:Water Resources Development Act
1703:Coastal Zone Management Program
1015:United States environmental law
880:
824:"Endangered Environmental Laws"
600:
273:Environmental Protection Agency
2184:2011 in United States case law
2037:Environmental impact statement
2017:Corporate average fuel economy
1901:Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act
1322:Lujan v. Defenders of Wildlife
856:
842:
816:
761:
649:and also preempted state law.
445:This ruling is significant in
401:
1:
727:Legal Information Institute.
652:
378:Xcel Energy Inc. of Minnesota
359:
346:
255:, 564 U.S. 410 (2011), was a
2199:Legal history of Connecticut
1816:Toxic Substances Control Act
865:Kivalina v. ExxonMobil Corp.
374:Southern Co. Inc. of Georgia
7:
2204:Federal common law case law
2075:National Climate Assessment
2022:Discharge Monitoring Report
1875:Food Quality Protection Act
1697:Coastal Zone Management Act
366:American Electric Power Co.
352:nonprofit land trusts: The
336:following the precedent of
306:political question doctrine
257:United States Supreme Court
128:2009); certiorari granted,
10:
2245:
1852:Global Change Research Act
1502:United States v. Bestfoods
943:Oyez (oral argument audio)
382:Tennessee Valley Authority
323:
2125:Section 608 Certification
2065:Maximum contaminant level
2002:Best available technology
1990:
1942:
1648:(1963, 1970, 1977, 1990)
1628:Air Pollution Control Act
1592:Migratory Bird Treaty Act
1524:
1490:
1364:
1302:
1272:
1162:
1092:
1021:
611:climate change litigation
387:
243:
235:
227:
222:
156:
151:
145:
140:
102:
97:
69:
59:
49:
42:
28:
23:
2153:Toxicity category rating
2148:Total maximum daily load
2085:National Priorities List
1967:Office of Surface Mining
1792:Federal Noxious Weed Act
1693:(1972, 1977, 1987, 2014)
1667:Solid Waste Disposal Act
1408:Rapanos v. United States
745:. Lawnix. Archived from
267:, primarily because the
261:greenhouse gas emissions
2219:American Electric Power
2194:2011 in the environment
2115:Renewable Fuel Standard
1933:Inflation Reduction Act
1740:Safe Drinking Water Act
1728:Endangered Species Act
1673:Endangered Species Act
1555:Rivers and Harbors Act
1104:United States v. SCRAP
1050:Vermont Yankee v. NRDC
536:
343:
2224:Energy in Connecticut
2053:Executive Order 13990
2047:Executive Order 13432
2042:Environmental justice
1927:CHIPS and Science Act
1634:Fish and Wildlife Act
1510:Guam v. United States
1042:Sierra Club v. Morton
887:Comer v. Murphy Oil.
535:
519:Illinois v. Milwaukee
331:
88:131 S. Ct. 2527; 180
45:Decided June 20, 2011
43:Argued April 19, 2011
2136:State of the Climate
1804:Magnuson–Stevens Act
1610:McSweeney-McNary Act
1262:West Virginia v. EPA
1214:Massachusetts v. EPA
970:Coverage of the case
871:696 F.3d 849
525:Supreme Court ruling
354:Open Space Institute
2189:2011 in Connecticut
2100:Not-To-Exceed (NTE)
2032:Environmental crime
2027:Effluent guidelines
1788:, 2014, 2016, 2022)
1528:federal legislation
1034:Missouri v. Holland
635:Comer v. Murphy Oil
191:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
1920:Louisiana v. Biden
1834:CERCLA (Superfund)
1742:(1974, 1986, 1996)
1058:Hughes v. Oklahoma
768:Mank, Bradford C.
537:
487:Procedural history
380:, and the federal
344:
265:federal common law
167:Associate Justices
2166:
2165:
2095:New Source Review
1881:Energy Policy Act
1864:Oil Pollution Act
1734:Oil Pollution Act
1722:Noise Control Act
1652:Acid Rain Program
1640:Oil Pollution Act
1604:Oil Pollution Act
1598:Clarke–McNary Act
1520:
1519:
1480:Sackett v. EPA II
749:on April 27, 2013
639:Hurricane Katrina
552:
248:
247:
2236:
2012:Clean Power Plan
1944:Federal agencies
1586:Weeks–McLean Act
1440:Sackett v. EPA I
1090:
1089:
1008:
1001:
994:
985:
984:
956:
950:
947:
941:
938:
932:
929:
923:
896:
895:
893:
884:
878:
868:
860:
854:
846:
840:
839:
837:
835:
830:on June 16, 2013
820:
814:
813:
811:
809:
798:
792:
791:
789:
787:
782:on March 4, 2016
781:
775:. Archived from
774:
765:
759:
758:
756:
754:
739:
733:
732:
724:
713:
696:
679:
678:
676:
674:
663:
554:
553:
534:
279:case based on a
152:Court membership
136:1091 (2010).
33:
32:
21:
20:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2235:
2234:
2233:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
1994:
1986:
1938:
1691:Clean Water Act
1535:
1534:and lower court
1533:
1531:
1526:
1516:
1486:
1360:
1298:
1268:
1246:Michigan v. EPA
1158:
1088:
1025:
1017:
1012:
954:
948:
945:
939:
936:
930:
927:
921:
905:
900:
899:
891:
885:
881:
862:
861:
857:
847:
843:
833:
831:
822:
821:
817:
807:
805:
800:
799:
795:
785:
783:
779:
772:
766:
762:
752:
750:
741:
740:
736:
725:
716:
697:
682:
672:
670:
665:
664:
660:
655:
603:
572:
571:
563:
561:
560:
559:
558:
555:
548:
545:
538:
532:
527:
507:
494:
489:
459:
412:
404:
390:
362:
349:
326:
294:public nuisance
289:
281:public nuisance
207:Sonia Sotomayor
205:
193:
183:Clarence Thomas
181:
179:Anthony Kennedy
106:Dismissed, 406
93:
44:
38:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2242:
2232:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2142:Tailoring Rule
2139:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2105:PACE financing
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2056:
2050:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1930:
1924:
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2007:Citizen suit
1995:and concepts
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828:the original
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777:the original
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747:the original
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712: (2011).
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671:. Retrieved
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601:Significance
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203:Samuel Alito
198:
186:
174:
163:John Roberts
98:Case history
81:
53:
15:
1992:Regulations
877: 2012).
402:Noted cases
370:Cinergy Co.
316:standing.
314:Article III
236:Concurrence
215:Elena Kagan
108:F. Supp. 2d
2173:Categories
1561:Refuse Act
974:SCOTUSblog
653:References
567:media help
360:Defendants
347:Plaintiffs
318:Certiorari
60:Docket no.
1574:Weeks Act
1568:Lacey Act
1536:decisions
1532:treaties,
1026:decisions
808:April 29,
753:April 29,
673:April 28,
475:Based on
90:L. Ed. 2d
70:Citations
2059:LDV Rule
908:Text of
875:9th Cir.
643:Comer II
334:standing
228:Majority
126:2nd Cir.
115:S.D.N.Y.
1699:(1972)
1557:(1899)
834:May 10,
786:May 10,
324:Parties
283:claim.
147:plants.
141:Holding
2144:(2010)
2061:(2010)
2055:(2022)
2049:(2007)
1935:(2022)
1929:(2022)
1915:(2021)
1909:(2018)
1903:(2016)
1889:(2007)
1883:(2005)
1877:(1996)
1866:(1990)
1860:(1990)
1854:(1990)
1848:(1986)
1842:(1986)
1836:(1980)
1830:(1978)
1824:(1977)
1818:(1976)
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1800:(1975)
1794:(1975)
1736:(1973)
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1712:(1972)
1687:(1970)
1681:(1970)
1675:(1969)
1669:(1965)
1642:(1961)
1636:(1956)
1630:(1955)
1624:(1954)
1618:(1934)
1612:(1928)
1606:(1924)
1600:(1924)
1594:(1918)
1588:(1913)
1582:(1911)
1576:(1911)
1570:(1900)
1551:(1897)
1545:(1872)
1513:(2021)
1505:(1998)
1492:CERCLA
1483:(2023)
1475:(2020)
1467:(2018)
1459:(2016)
1451:(2013)
1443:(2012)
1435:(2009)
1427:(2009)
1419:(2007)
1411:(2006)
1403:(2006)
1395:(2004)
1387:(2001)
1379:(1985)
1357:(2021)
1349:(2018)
1341:(2007)
1333:(1995)
1325:(1992)
1317:(1978)
1295:(2012)
1287:(1978)
1265:(2022)
1257:(2021)
1249:(2015)
1241:(2014)
1233:(2011)
1225:(2007)
1217:(2007)
1209:(2004)
1201:(2004)
1193:(2001)
1185:(1984)
1177:(1975)
1155:(2010)
1147:(2008)
1139:(2004)
1131:(2004)
1123:(1983)
1115:(1983)
1107:(1973)
1085:(2021)
1077:(2000)
1069:(1990)
1061:(1979)
1053:(1978)
1045:(1972)
1037:(1920)
955:
949:
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940:
937:
934:Justia
931:
928:
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873: (
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701:,
388:Issues
376:, and
213:
211:·
209:
201:
199:·
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189:
187:·
185:
177:
175:·
173:
64:10-174
1525:Major
1494:cases
1368:cases
1306:cases
1276:cases
1166:cases
1096:cases
916:
892:(PDF)
780:(PDF)
773:(PDF)
705:
132:
103:Prior
1786:2007
1782:2000
1778:1999
1774:1996
1770:1992
1766:1990
1762:1988
1758:1986
1754:1976
1750:1974
1274:RCRA
1094:NEPA
918:U.S.
836:2013
810:2013
788:2013
755:2013
707:U.S.
675:2013
509:The
397:EPA.
300:The
134:U.S.
119:F.3d
83:more
75:U.S.
73:564
1366:CWA
1304:ESA
1164:CAA
972:by
914:564
710:410
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633:In
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122:309
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