640:. The project proved an impetus to the socio-economic development of the population of the area. As the project director, Khan proved to be a dynamic and innovative leader. The project initially focused on creating a system of underground sewers, using local materials and labour, and succeeded in laying hundreds of kilometres of drainage pipes along with auxiliary facilities. Within a decade of the initiative, local residents had established schools, health clinics, women's work centres, cooperative stores and a credit organisation to finance enterprise projects. By 1993, OPP had managed to provide low-cost sewers to more than 72,000 houses. The project subsequently diversified into a number of programmes, including a people's financed and managed low-cost
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565:. Khan launched the project in 1959 on his return from Michigan, and developed a methodology of implementation in the area of rural development on the principle of grassroots-level participation. Initially, the aim was to provide a development model of programmes and institutions that could be replicated across the country. Advisory support in this respect was provided by experts from Harvard and Michigan State Universities, the
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737:, under the auspices of the Institute of Rural Management, as a repository of published and digital resources on rural development. The Akhter Hameed Khan Resource Center was initially formed in 2010 as a repository of works and writings by Khan and his mentee Shoaib Sultan Khan; after 2015 the resource center transitioned into an NGO that established an experimental site in urban development in Dhok Hassu, Rawalpindi.
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620:). The locality was first developed in 1963 as a government township of 5 square kilometres (1,236 acres). The influx of migrants after the creation of Bangladesh swelled the settlement to about one million people crowded over an area of more than 32 square kilometres (7,907 acres). The working class multi-ethnic population was predominantly composed of
391:. According to Khan, "I had a profound personal concern; I wanted to live a life free from fear and anxiety, a calm and serene life, without turmoil and conflict. ... when I followed the advice of the old Sufis and sages, and tried to curb my greed, my pride and aggression, fears, anxieties and conflicts diminished."
561:(1959) was Khan's initiative in response to the failure of a Village Agricultural and Industrial Development (V-AID) programme that was launched in 1953 in East and West Pakistan with technical assistance from the US government. V-AID remained a government-level attempt to promote citizen participation in the sphere of
479:. He declined the offer on the grounds that the proposals were predominantly motivated by political interests rather than the common well-being. However, he continued to advise the authorities on various aspects of rural development, such as participatory irrigation management. He worked as a research fellow at the
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The Orangi Pilot
Project was very different from the Comilla Academy. OPP was a private body, dependent for its small fixed budget on another NGO. The vast resources and support of the government, Harvard advisors, MSU, and Ford Foundation was missing. OPP possessed no authority, no sanctions. It may
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After Khan's departure from
Comilla, the cooperative's model failed in independent Bangladesh because only a few occupational groups managed to achieve the desired success. By 1979, only 61 of the 400 cooperatives were functioning. The model actually fell prey to the ineffective internal and external
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and subsequent handling of the situation by the colonial rulers led him to resign from the Indian Civil
Service in 1945. He wrote, "I realized that if I did not escape while I was young and vigorous, I will forever remain in the trap, and terminate as a bureaucratic big wig." During this period, he
709:
Khan's ideology and leadership skills were a source of inspiration for his students and colleagues, and continue to serve as guiding principles even after his death. Edgar Owens, who became an admirer of Khan's ideology while working at USAID's Asia Bureau, co-authored a book with Robert Shaw as a
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Comilla Model simultaneously addressed the problems that were caused by the inadequacy of both local infrastructure and institutions through a range of integrated programmes. The initiatives included the establishment in every thana of: a training and development centre; a road-drainage embankment
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actions. Between 1954 and 1955, he took a break to work as director of the
Village Agricultural and Industrial Development (V-AID) Programme. However, he was not satisfied with the development approach adopted in the programme that was limited to the training of villagers. In 1958, he went to
615:
The Orangi poverty alleviation project (known as the Orangi Pilot
Project, or OPP) was initiated by Khan as an NGO in 1980. Orangi is located on the northwest periphery of Karachi. At that time, it was the largest of the city's approximately 650 low-income squatter settlements (known as
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The success of OPP did come at a cost for Dr Khan as his liberal views and self-help initiatives were questioned and criticised by certain interest groups. At two occasions, he was accused of blasphemy. However, all allegations against him were acquitted by the courts of law and cleared by
730:. At the occasion of the award ceremony in 2006, a documentary film about the life and times of Akhter Hameed Khan was premiered. The film includes archival footage and interviews with family members, colleagues, and contributors and beneficiaries of the Comilla and OPP projects.
672:
Pilot
Project (LPP) to collaborate with Lodhran municipal committee. Learning from past experiences, the project extended its scope to the whole town instead of concentrating on low-income settlements only. The municipal partnership was itself a new initiative that ensured wider
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Later in 2005, the
Council of Social Sciences, Pakistan, in collaboration with the National Rural Support Programme and other institutions, announced the Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Award. The annual cash award is given on Khan's birthday to a
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362:) in 1940. Together, they had three daughters (Mariam, Amina, and Rasheeda) and a son (Akbar). After Hameedah Begum's death in 1966, he married Shafiq Khan and had one daughter, Ayesha. During his ICS career, Khan worked as
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result of observations and discussions with Khan at
Comilla Academy. A later study of various rural development experiences from South Asia, edited by Uphoff and Cambell (1983) was jointly dedicated to Khan and Owens.
713:
Soon after Khan's death, on 10 April 2000, the
Government of Pakistan renamed the National Centre for Rural Development the Akhter Hameed Khan National Centre for Rural Development and Municipal Administration.
220:
in
Pakistan and other developing countries, and widely advocated community participation in development. His particular contribution was the establishment of a comprehensive project for rural development, the
812:. He wrote several reports and monographs, mostly relating to rural development in general or his various successful and model initiatives in particular. He also published collections of poems and
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from 1972 to 1973. Khan went to Michigan State University as a visiting professor in 1973 and remained there until 1979. During this time, he carried on advising the Rural Development Academy at
1112:
V-AID was a government level attempt to promote citizens participation in the sphere of rural development in East and West Pakistan. It was launched in 1953 with technical assistance from the
1939:
Hasan, A. (1994). "Replicating the Low-Cost Sanitation Programme Administered by the Orangi Pilot Project in Karachi, Pakistan" in I. Serageldin, M.A. Cohen, and K.C. Sivaramakrishnan (eds.)
327:), and completed his education in 1930 at Agra College where he studied English literature and history. He read English literature, history, and philosophy for a Bachelor of Arts degree at
577:
works programme; a decentralized, small scale irrigation programme; and, a two-tiered cooperative system with primary cooperatives operating in the villages, and federations operating at
451:) at Comilla on 27 May 1959 and was appointed as its founding director. Khan became vice-chairman of the board of Governors of PARD in 1964, and in the same year, was awarded an honorary
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in the city. He remained associated with this project until his death in 1999. Meanwhile, he maintained his support for rural communities around Karachi, and also helped to develop the
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to acquire education and training in rural development. Returning in 1959, he established the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development (PARD, eventually renamed as
256:, which became a model of participatory development initiatives. He also directed many programmes, from microcredit to self-finance and from housing provision to
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in Pakistan. Khan was fluent in at least seven languages and dialects. Apart from many scholarly books and articles, he also published a collection of poems and
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402:, an experience that provided him with firsthand knowledge of the problems and issues of rural communities. In 1947, he took up a teaching position at the
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Valsan, E.H. (2005). "Leadership in Public Administration for Alleviating Poverty and Development: A Conceptual Approach", in J. Jabes (ed.)
1981:
Hasan, A. (2002). "A model for government-community partnership in building sewage systems for urban areas: The experiences of the OPP-RTI".
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1941:
The Human Face of the Urban Environment, Proceedings of the Second Annual World Bank Conference on Environmentally Sustainable Development
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Following his move to Pakistan, Khan was asked to implement the Comilla Model in rural settlements of North-West Frontier Province (now
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In commemoration of The Life and Times of Akhter Hameed Khan: Talks of Akhter Hameed Khan at the National Rural Support Programme
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controls, stagnation, and diversion of funds. This prompted the subsequent scholars and practitioners in microfinance, such as
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at the age of 85. His body was flown to Karachi on 15 October, where he was buried on the grounds of the OPP office compound.
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The successful OPP model became an inspiration for other municipalities around the country. In 1999, Khan helped to create
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Karim, M. Bazlul (December 1985). "Rural development projects – Comilla, Puebla, and Chilalo: A comparative assessment".
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The Comilla model and the integrated rural development programme of Bangladesh: An experiment in `cooperative capitalism'
320:. This upbringing influenced his interest in historical as well as contemporary social, economic, and political affairs.
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17:
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Barmazel, S. (2005). "Orangi Pilot Project: An NGO Helping to Build Community" in O.P. Richmond and H.F. Carey (eds.)
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for small family enterprise units; an education programme; and a rural development programme in the nearby villages.
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288:. He was among the four sons and three daughters of Khansaahib Ameer Ahmed Khan and Mehmoodah Begum. His father, a
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and started working on the improvement of sanitary conditions in Karachi suburbs. He laid the foundations of the
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6 City and community: Toward environmental sustainability: Box 6.2 The Orangi Pilot Project, Karachi, Pakistan
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958:(A Diary of Travels in America). The City Press: Karachi. 2nd Edition: Atlantis Publications, Karachi 2017.
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Yousaf, Nasim: "Allama Mashriqi & Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends of Pakistan" (2003), p. 338.
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of revenue, a position that brought him into regular contact with living conditions in rural areas of
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1726:, Premiere of a documentary film on Akhter Hameed Khan by Serendip Production. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
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Nigam, A. and Rasheed, S. (1998). "Financing of Fresh Water for All: A Rights Based Approach" in
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During his tenure as principal of Comilla Victoria College, Khan developed a special interest in
208:
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Bhuiyan, A.H.A. et al. (May 2005). "Developmentalism as a Disciplinary Strategy in Bangladesh".
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A posthumous tribute to the man who silently brought about a social revolution in Pakistan.
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Huque, A. S. (April 1995). "Development Programs in Bangladesh: Hardware versus Software".
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344:
335:. She died in the same year at the age of 36. Khan continued his studies and was awarded a
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831:. Comilla Academy (now the Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development), Comilla, Bangladesh.
347:(ICS) in 1936. As part of the ICS training, he was sent to read literature and history at
8:
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Center for Agriculture and Rural Development Mutually Reinforcing Institutions (CARD MRI)
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495:, on the Daudzai Integrated Rural Development Programme. In 1974, he was appointed as a
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Let Grassroots Speak: People's Participation Self-Help Groups and NGO's in Bangladesh
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Democratizing Development in South Asia: Responding to the Challenge of Globalization
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Rural Development in Action: The Comprehensive Experiment at Comilla, East Pakistan
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The Role of Public Administration in Alleviating Poverty and Improving Governance
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In 1999, Khan was visiting his family in the United States when he suffered from
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The Akhter Hameed Khan Resource Centre (AHK Resource Center)was established in
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by Michigan State University. In 1969, he established collaborative links with
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212:; 15 July 1914 – 9 October 1999) was a Pakistani development practitioner and
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1998, Community-Based Schools and the Orangi Project. In Hoodbhoy, P (ed.),
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859:. Paper presented at the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (
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author for a book on issues related to rural and urban development, peace,
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Comparing the OPP with Comilla project, Akhter Hameed Khan once commented:
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332:
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538:. OPP became a model for participatory bottom-up development initiatives.
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from 1971 to 1972, and as Director of Rural Economics Research Project at
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Development Reconsidered: Bridging the Gap Between Government and People
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1491:. NRSP – Institute of Rural Management. pp. 28–29. Retrieved 5 May 2015.
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in northern Bangladesh, and the Pakistan Academy for Rural Development,
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Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958–2008)
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874:. The Oxford University Press: Karachi. (editions: 1996, 1999, 2005).
753:, 2004) for services to people as founder of the Orangi Pilot Project.
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in 1934. He worked as a lecturer at Meerut College before joining the
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Twenty Weeks in America: A Diary, 3 September 1969 – 21 January 1970
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Allama Mashriqi and Dr. Akhtar Hameed Khan: Two Legends of Pakistan
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2006:. Volumes I-II Comilla: Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development.
1992:. Karachi: Oxford University Press. (editions: 1996, 1999, 2005).
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Rural Development in East Pakistan, Speeches By Akhter Hameed Khan
296:. In his early age, Khan's mother introduced him to the poetry of
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387:. This attachment was brief. He quit the movement and turned to
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503:, Indonesia. He also briefly worked as a visiting professor at
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observe and investigate but it could only advise, not enforce.
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2020:. Evaluation, Policy and Planning Series, No. EPP-EVL-98-003.
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406:, where he worked for three years. In 1950, Khan migrated to
1817:. 31 August 1963, Manila, Philippines. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
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For the next two years, Khan worked in Mamoola village near
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Alternative Indigenous Development Foundation, Inc. (AIDFI)
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809:
801:
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351:, England. During the stay, he developed a friendship with
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1648:: Centre for Policy Dialogue. p. 1. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
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Subcontracting Peace: The Challenges of NGO Peacebuilding
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965:(Collection of poems in Urdu). Saad Publishers. Karachi.
1943:. (19–21 September). Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
85:
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in 1932. At that point, his mother was diagnosed with
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Academic staff of Comilla Victoria Government College
1293:. Vol. 7, No. 4–5. pp. 397–422. Retrieved 6 May 2008.
499:
consultant to survey rural development situations in
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Khan married Hameedah Begum (the eldest daughter of
1990:
Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences and Reflections
1955:
Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences and Reflections
1445:. World Resources Institute. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
872:
Orangi Pilot Project: Reminiscences and Reflections
180:; National Centre for Rural Development, Pakistan;
2278:
1894:. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing. pp. 191–98.
1428:, Vol. 7, No. 2. pp. 227–37. Retrieved 3 May 2008.
845:, Pakistan Academy for Rural Development. Karachi.
838:. Asian Studies Center, Michigan State University.
3909:Peace and International Understanding (1958–2008)
759:(Posthumous, 2001) for services to the community.
4940:
1957:. Karachi: Oxford University Press. pp. xi–xli.
1840:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
1680:Rural Development and Local Organization in Asia
1471:, Vol. 14, No. 2. p. 193. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
1314:Studies in Comparative International Development
917:Education and the State: Fifty Years of Pakistan
779:(1961) for pioneering work in rural development.
433:
4565:
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4233:
4147:International Institute of Rural Reconstruction
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1969:Akhter Hameed Khan and the Orangi Pilot Project
1600:"Pakistan: Use and abuse of the blasphemy laws"
919:, Chapter 7, Karachi: Oxford University Press.
887:The sanitation gap: Development's deadly menace
843:Institutions for rural development in Indonesia
541:
323:Khan attended Government High School at Jalam (
3414:Gawad Kalinga Community Development Foundation
2723:
1953:Hasan, A. (1996). "Introduction" in A.H. Khan
1927:The Poor Always Pay Back: The Grameen II Story
1573:Introduction about Late Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan
1443:World Resources 1996–97: The urban environment
1152:(4). University of British Columbia: 727–728.
264:. It earned him international recognition and
5054:Indian Civil Service (British India) officers
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1661:. Lexington, Massachusetts: Lexington Books.
1411:, World Social Forum. Retrieved 20 March 2010
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1795:(PDF). pp. 15–27. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
1144:Stavis, Benedict (December 1985). "Review".
292:, was inspired by the reformist thinking of
27:Pakistani scientist and activist (1914–1999)
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2110:Institute of Rural Management (IRM) website
1776:Ishrat Hussain, late Akhter Hameed honoured
1678:Uphoff, N. and Campbell, R. (eds.) (1983).
1520:. Hands On, Series 3. Retrieved 1 May 2008.
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745:Khan received the following civil awards:
414:. In the same year, he was invited by the
202:
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2096:Council of Social Sciences (COSS) website
1705:on COSS website. Retrieved 13 April 2008.
1550:. 23 October 2002. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
1402:In Bangladesh, Potters Shape Their Future
1230:. Published in Yousaf (2003), pp. 409–13.
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2029:National Rural Support Programme (NRSP).
1682:, Vol. I. South Asia. London: Macmillan.
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449:Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development
178:Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development
5019:Fellows of Pakistan Academy of Sciences
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2101:AHK Resource Centre and Digital Library
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1792:Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Lecture
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4964:Alumni of Magdalene College, Cambridge
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1228:Dr Akhter Hameed Khan: An Appreciation
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4619:
4287:
3907:
3499:
3119:
2722:
2277:
2236:
2129:
1562:
1346:
1311:
1085:. 24 December. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
740:
481:University of Agriculture, Faisalabad
1829:
1820:
1742:NRSP – Institute of Rural Management
1518:Television Trust for the Environment
1190:
773:) for services to rural development.
375:was influenced by the philosophy of
244:In the 1980s he started a bottom-up
5034:Recipients of the Sitara-e-Pakistan
1506:Return Of The Drain Gang – Pakistan
1494:
1355:(2). Blackwell Publishers: 281–92.
857:What I learnt in Comilla and Orangi
828:Bengal Reminances, vol 1, 2 & 3
201:
24:
1929:. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
1541:Cam Diary: The common man's friend
1361:10.1111/j.1468-0491.1995.tb00210.x
1021:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 339–340.
644:programme; a housing programme; a
260:, for rural communities and urban
25:
5070:
5024:20th-century Pakistani economists
2092:Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Award
2085:
1985:Vol. 45, No. 8, pp. 199–216.
1920:Rural Government in East Pakistan
1754:The Urban Laboratory: One Year on
1702:Akhter Hameed Khan Memorial Award
1691:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 409–10.
1276:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 370–71.
1217:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 352–53.
1187:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 350–51.
1178:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 370–74.
1048:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), pp. 342–43.
547:Comilla Cooperative Pilot Project
462:
284:Khan was born on 15 July 1914 in
60:United Provinces of Agra and Oudh
5049:Pakistani human rights activists
5009:Michigan State University alumni
4984:Pakistani cooperative organizers
4903:
4875:
4835:
4807:
4778:
4742:
4698:
4669:
4636:
4582:
4567:
4539:
4513:
4487:
4459:
4428:
4385:
4357:
4329:
4301:
4250:
4235:
4202:
4173:
4112:
4084:
4056:
4015:
3987:
3949:
3921:
3872:
3857:
3829:
3758:
3730:
3691:
3660:
3622:
3589:
3574:
3546:
3513:
3462:
3428:
3397:
3369:
3341:
3313:
3285:
3212:
3184:
3133:
3121:Community Leadership (1958–2008)
3043:
3017:
3002:
2971:
2938:
2910:
2879:
2831:
2790:
2764:
2736:
2677:
2624:
2596:
2537:
2504:
2471:
2445:
2409:
2378:
2345:
2317:
2291:
2116:Talk given by Akhter Hameed Khan
1925:Dowla, A. and Barua, D. (2006).
681:independent religious scholars.
536:Aga Khan Rural Support Programme
4132:Summer Institute of Linguistics
2004:The Works of Akhter Hameed Khan
1850:
1807:Citation for Akhter Hameed Khan
1798:
1780:1 May. Retrieved 25 April 2008.
1767:
1747:
1729:
1708:
1694:
1685:
1672:
1657:Owens, E. and Shaw, R. (1974).
1651:
1632:
1623:
1592:
1583:
1580:website. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
1553:
1532:
1523:
1457:
1448:
1431:
1414:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1340:
1305:
1296:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1233:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1181:
1172:
1137:
1128:
1119:
1106:
1097:
1088:
783:
2488:Mohamed Suffian Mohamed Hashim
2279:Government Service (1958–2008)
1606:. 27 July 1994. Archived from
1382:Dowla and Barua (2006), p. 18.
1069:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1024:
1015:
1006:
997:
13:
1:
5004:Ramon Magsaysay Award winners
4974:Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
4219:Asian Institute of Technology
4157:Asian Institute of Management
2205:Tasneem Ahmed Siddiqui (1999)
1862:
1844:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
1804:Ramon Magsaysay Award (1963)
1629:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 386.
1302:Khan (1983), Vol. II, p. 190.
1243:Vol. 39, No. 2. pp. 349–368.
1208:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 352.
1134:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 349.
1103:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 348.
1057:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 347.
1039:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 346.
1030:Yousaf, Nasim (2003), p. 345.
937:by Aqila Ismail. City Press.
850:Rural development in Pakistan
819:
434:Rural development initiatives
279:
209:[ˈəxt̪ərɦəˈmiːd̪xaːn]
4979:Recipients of Hilal-i-Imtiaz
1983:Water Science and Technology
1469:Agriculture and Human Values
1426:Environment and Urbanization
542:Major development programmes
349:Magdalene College, Cambridge
252:, based in the outskirts of
216:. He promoted participatory
105:Magdalene College, Cambridge
7:
4857:Ma. Victoria Carpio-Bernido
4289:Emergent Leadership (2001–)
2018:UNICEF Staff Working Papers
1908:. Dhaka: South Asia Books.
1012:Hasan (1996), pp. xiii–xiv.
969:
339:in English Literature from
10:
5075:
3244:Pandurang Shastri Athavale
2724:Public Service (1958–2008)
1838:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
1589:Hasan (2002), pp. 199–216.
1465:Book Review of Khan (1996)
948:
652:programme; a programme of
608:
550:
225:(1959). It earned him the
4900:
4872:
4832:
4804:
4775:
4739:
4695:
4666:
4633:
4629:
4615:
4564:
4536:
4510:
4484:
4456:
4425:
4382:
4354:
4326:
4298:
4294:
4283:
4232:
4199:
4170:
4109:
4081:
4053:
4012:
3984:
3946:
3918:
3914:
3903:
3854:
3826:
3755:
3727:
3688:
3657:
3619:
3571:
3543:
3510:
3506:
3495:
3459:
3425:
3394:
3366:
3338:
3310:
3282:
3209:
3181:
3130:
3126:
3115:
3040:
2999:
2968:
2935:
2907:
2876:
2828:
2787:
2761:
2733:
2729:
2718:
2674:
2621:
2593:
2534:
2501:
2468:
2442:
2406:
2375:
2342:
2314:
2288:
2284:
2273:
2167:
1760:28 September 2020 at the
1620:AI Index: ASA 33/008/1994
1485:A Vision Unveiled (2006)
1249:10.1017/S0026749X04001350
1125:Chaudhuri (1969), p. 316.
852:. Vanguard Books. Lahore.
704:
445:Michigan State University
239:Michigan State University
187:
182:Michigan State University
173:
159:
152:
129:
110:
100:
92:
70:
41:
34:
4152:Press Foundation of Asia
3078:Prateep Ungsongtham Hata
2580:Miriam Defensor Santiago
2039:Cornell University Press
1918:Chaudhuri, M.A. (1969).
1904:Chowdhury, A.N. (1990).
1744:. Retrieved 22 May 2015.
1529:Barmazel (2005), p. 191.
1373:Chowdhury (1990), p. 54.
991:
892:16 December 2018 at the
684:
424:Comilla Victoria College
412:Islamia College, Karachi
4999:Pakistani Sunni Muslims
4959:Development specialists
4444:Ambrosius Ruwindrijarto
3676:Atmakusuma Astraatmadja
3563:Edward Michael Law-Yone
2221:The Citizens Foundation
1971:. Karachi: City Press.
1922:. Dhaka: Puthighar Ltd.
1875:Oxford University Press
1756:, AHJ Resource Center.
1721:15 October 2004 at the
1559:Hasan (1996), p. xxiii.
1078:"A cause worth serving"
981:Social entrepreneurship
956:Safar-e-Amrika ki Diary
899:The Progress of Nations
518:In 1980, Khan moved to
4969:Academics from Karachi
4556:Aniceto Guterres Lopes
3606:Wannakuwatta Amaradeva
2556:Francisca Reyes-Aquino
2069:Yousaf, Nasim (2003).
2057:Asian Development Bank
1871:Dr. Akhter Hameed Khan
1830:Miah, Sajahan (2012).
1578:Government of Pakistan
1511:8 October 2007 at the
1407:10 August 2009 at the
1226:Uphoff, Norman (2001)
904:8 January 2019 at the
666:
416:Government of Pakistan
5044:Squatting in Pakistan
4128:Operation Brotherhood
3888:Robert McCulloch Dick
3813:Eugenia Duran Apostol
3228:Mandakini Amte &
2853:Banoo Jehangir Coyaji
2264:Ramon Magsaysay Award
2161:Ramon Magsaysay Award
2073:. New York: Xlibris.
1856:Hasan (1996), p. xii.
1832:"Khan, Akhter Hameed"
1812:12 March 2007 at the
1604:Amnesty International
1454:Hasan (1994), p. 152.
1400:Tahmina, Q.A. (2005)
1391:Valsan (2005), p. 49.
1267:Raper (1970), p. vii.
1199:NRSP (2000), pp. 4–6.
763:Ramon Magsaysay Award
728:gender discrimination
695:myocardial infarction
661:
632:, small shopkeepers,
372:Bengal famine of 1943
246:community development
227:Ramon Magsaysay Award
134:Ramon Magsaysay Award
82:Indianapolis, Indiana
4004:Ahmad Syafi'i Maarif
2553:Jose Vasquez Aguilar
2055:, NAPSIPAG. Manila:
2033:Raper, A.F. (1970).
2002:Khan, A. H. (1983).
1789:Khan, S. S. (2006).
1463:Axinn, G.H. (1997).
1422:Orangi Pilot Project
1420:NGO Profile (1995),
1241:Modern Asian Studies
1066:Khan (1983), p. xii.
638:white collar workers
611:Orangi Pilot Project
605:Orangi Pilot Project
524:Orangi Pilot Project
513:University of Oxford
353:Choudhary Rahmat Ali
345:Indian Civil Service
250:Orangi Pilot Project
124:Orangi Pilot Project
5059:People from Karachi
4989:Microfinance people
4854:Christopher Bernido
4653:Syeda Rizwana Hasan
4267:Genevieve Caulfield
3976:Laxminarayan Ramdas
3846:Prayoon Chanyavongs
3535:Abdullah Abu Sayeed
3249:Chandi Prasad Bhatt
3165:Zafrullah Chowdhury
3150:Tahrunessa Abdullah
3088:Sithiporn Kridakara
2863:Jayaprakash Narayan
2200:Adeebul Hasan Rizvi
2159:recipients of the
1988:Khan, A.H. (1996).
1842:(Second ed.).
1737:AHK Resource Centre
1638:Sobhan, R. (2006).
1610:on 1 September 2007
1285:Khan, A.R. (1979).
1094:Khan (1996), p. 23.
1075:Hussain, I (2006).
788:Khan was fluent in
724:poverty alleviation
404:Jamia Millia, Delhi
4061:
3800:Bienvenido Lumbera
3735:
3649:Amitabha Chowdhury
3448:Krasae Chanawongse
3374:
3358:Tunku Abdul Rahman
3096:Therdchai Jivacate
3033:Joaquin Villalonga
2560:Hilario Davide Jr.
2521:Akhtar Hameed Khan
2426:Morihiko Hiramatsu
2188:Shoaib Sultan Khan
2172:Akhtar Hameed Khan
1967:Hasan, A. (1999).
1869:Abadi, H. (2006).
1326:10.1007/bf02717354
963:Chiragh aur Kanwal
933:. Translated from
741:Awards and honours
509:Harvard University
485:Karachi University
469:Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
418:to take charge as
398:as a labourer and
194:Akhter Hameed Khan
36:Akhtar Hameed Khan
18:Akhter Hameed Khan
4936:
4935:
4932:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4920:Krisana Kraisintu
4865:Antonio Oposa Jr.
4658:A.H.M. Noman Khan
4611:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4529:Ananda Galappatti
4476:Benjamin Abadiano
4402:Sanjiv Chaturvedi
4279:
4278:
4275:
4274:
4224:The Royal Project
4142:Harold Ray Watson
4137:William Masterson
3899:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3644:Palagummi Sainath
3491:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3452:Prayong Ronnarong
3111:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3100:Thongbai Thongpao
3065:Mechai Viravaidya
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2646:Chamlong Srimuang
2641:Anand Panyarachun
2575:Jovito R. Salonga
2230:
2229:
2178:Abdul Sattar Edhi
2106:AHK Photo Gallery
2065:978-971-561-595-2
1998:978-0-19-597986-2
1914:978-81-85054-79-7
1883:978-0-19-547205-9
1716:A Vision Unveiled
1667:978-0-669-81729-4
1291:World Development
986:Social innovation
925:978-0-19-577825-0
880:978-0-19-597986-2
777:Sitara-e-Pakistan
765:(31 August 1963,
654:supervised credit
563:rural development
383:, and joined the
218:rural development
191:
190:
164:Rural development
154:Scientific career
145:Sitara-e-Pakistan
16:(Redirected from
5066:
5039:Squatter leaders
5014:People from Agra
4913:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4885:
4881:
4879:
4878:
4845:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4817:
4813:
4811:
4810:
4788:
4784:
4782:
4781:
4758:Kulandei Francis
4752:
4748:
4746:
4745:
4708:
4704:
4702:
4701:
4679:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4646:
4642:
4640:
4639:
4631:
4630:
4617:
4616:
4592:
4588:
4586:
4585:
4577:
4573:
4571:
4570:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4523:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4497:
4493:
4491:
4490:
4469:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4438:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4339:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4311:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4296:
4295:
4285:
4284:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4253:
4245:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4212:
4208:
4206:
4205:
4183:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4115:
4101:Ibn Abdur Rehman
4094:
4090:
4088:
4087:
4066:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4025:
4021:
4019:
4018:
3997:
3993:
3991:
3990:
3959:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3931:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3916:
3915:
3905:
3904:
3882:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3867:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3839:
3835:
3833:
3832:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3740:
3736:
3734:
3733:
3716:Michiko Ishimure
3701:
3697:
3695:
3694:
3670:
3666:
3664:
3663:
3632:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3599:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3556:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3523:
3519:
3517:
3516:
3508:
3507:
3497:
3496:
3472:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3438:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3407:
3403:
3401:
3400:
3379:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3330:Sombath Somphone
3323:
3319:
3317:
3316:
3295:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3239:Rajanikant Arole
3222:
3218:
3216:
3215:
3194:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3155:Fazle Hasan Abed
3143:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3128:
3127:
3117:
3116:
3092:Sophon Suphapong
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3027:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2974:
2948:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2920:
2916:
2914:
2913:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2841:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2800:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2767:
2746:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2731:
2730:
2720:
2719:
2687:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2656:Phon Sangsingkeo
2634:
2630:
2628:
2627:
2606:
2602:
2600:
2599:
2547:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2526:Ibn Abdur Rehman
2514:
2510:
2508:
2507:
2481:
2477:
2475:
2474:
2455:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2388:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2355:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2327:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2294:
2286:
2285:
2275:
2274:
2257:
2250:
2243:
2234:
2233:
2215:Ibn Abdur Rehman
2150:
2143:
2136:
2127:
2126:
2117:
1887:
1857:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1827:
1818:
1802:
1796:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1765:
1751:
1745:
1733:
1727:
1712:
1706:
1698:
1692:
1689:
1683:
1676:
1670:
1655:
1649:
1636:
1630:
1627:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1581:
1569:
1560:
1557:
1551:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1521:
1501:
1492:
1483:
1472:
1461:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1435:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1398:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1364:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1283:
1277:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1237:
1231:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1209:
1206:
1200:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1170:
1169:
1141:
1135:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1073:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1055:
1049:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
1001:
697:on 9 October in
595:Fazle Hasan Abed
526:for the largest
453:Doctorate of law
385:Khaksar Movement
290:police inspector
235:Doctorate of law
233:and an honorary
214:social scientist
211:
205:
204:
77:
51:
49:
32:
31:
21:
5074:
5073:
5069:
5068:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5063:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4924:
4904:
4902:
4896:
4876:
4874:
4868:
4836:
4834:
4828:
4824:Tadatoshi Akiba
4808:
4806:
4800:
4794:Hasanain Juaini
4779:
4777:
4771:
4743:
4741:
4735:
4699:
4697:
4691:
4685:Yang Saing Koma
4670:
4668:
4662:
4637:
4635:
4625:
4603:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4568:
4566:
4560:
4540:
4538:
4532:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4488:
4486:
4480:
4460:
4458:
4452:
4448:Dita Indah Sari
4429:
4427:
4421:
4407:Arvind Kejriwal
4386:
4384:
4378:
4358:
4356:
4350:
4346:Chen Guangcheng
4330:
4328:
4322:
4302:
4300:
4290:
4271:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4236:
4234:
4228:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4085:
4083:
4077:
4057:
4055:
4049:
4016:
4014:
4008:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3971:Jockin Arputham
3950:
3948:
3942:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3891:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3775:Zacarias Sarian
3759:
3757:
3751:
3731:
3729:
3723:
3712:Yasuji Hanamori
3692:
3690:
3684:
3661:
3659:
3653:
3623:
3621:
3615:
3611:Tarzie Vittachi
3590:
3588:
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691:kidney failure
686:
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677:co-operation.
609:Main article:
606:
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587:Muhammad Yunus
551:Main article:
548:
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464:
463:Advisory roles
461:
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337:Master of Arts
329:Meerut College
316:philosophy of
302:Muhammad Iqbal
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248:initiative of
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74:9 October 1999
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3201:Cynthia Maung
3199:
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3032:
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3026:
3011:
2998:
2992:
2991:Park Won-soon
2989:
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2983:
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2967:
2961:
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2900:Teten Masduki
2899:
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2817:Liang Congjie
2815:
2813:
2812:Jiang Yanyong
2810:
2808:
2805:
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2799:
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2760:
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2717:
2703:
2702:Jiang Menglin
2700:
2698:
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2689:
2686:
2673:
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2664:
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2649:
2647:
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2642:
2639:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2620:
2614:
2613:Goh Keng Swee
2611:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2570:Jesse Robredo
2568:
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2527:
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2519:
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2513:
2500:
2494:
2493:B. C. Shekhar
2491:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2467:
2461:Keo Viphakone
2460:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2441:
2435:
2434:Yukiharu Miki
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2405:
2399:
2396:
2394:Raden Kodijat
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2374:
2368:
2367:J. M. Lyngdoh
2365:
2363:
2362:C.D. Deshmukh
2360:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2341:
2335:
2334:Yuan Longping
2332:
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2047:0-8014-0570-X
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2030:
2027:. Islamabad:
2026:
2023:NRSP (2000).
2022:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1978:
1977:969-8380-20-5
1974:
1970:
1966:
1964:
1963:0-19-597986-9
1960:
1956:
1952:
1950:
1949:0-8213-3320-8
1946:
1942:
1938:
1936:
1935:1-56549-231-5
1932:
1928:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:0-7546-4058-2
1897:
1893:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1872:
1868:
1867:
1853:
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1824:
1816:
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1811:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1793:
1786:
1779:
1777:
1773:DAWN (2006).
1770:
1763:
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1490:
1489:
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1470:
1466:
1460:
1451:
1444:
1440:
1437:WRI (1996). "
1434:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1362:
1358:
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1159:
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1151:
1147:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1115:
1114:US government
1109:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1083:DAWN Magazine
1080:
1079:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
1000:
996:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
976:Civil society
974:
973:
964:
960:
957:
953:
952:
944:
943:969-8380-32-9
940:
936:
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928:
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768:
764:
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748:
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721:
715:
711:
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693:. He died of
692:
682:
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676:
671:
665:
660:
657:
655:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
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623:
622:day labourers
619:
612:
602:
600:
596:
592:
588:
582:
580:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
559:Comilla Model
554:
553:Comilla Model
539:
537:
533:
530:community of
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
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446:
441:
431:
429:
428:East Pakistan
425:
421:
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401:
397:
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386:
382:
378:
373:
369:
365:
361:
356:
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350:
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338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Uttar Pradesh
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
277:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
223:Comilla Model
219:
215:
210:
206:, pronounced
203:اختر حمید خان
199:
195:
186:
183:
179:
176:
172:
169:
165:
162:
158:
155:
151:
147:
146:
141:
140:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
120:Comilla Model
117:
114:Microcredit,
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
73:
69:
65:
64:British India
61:
57:
44:
40:
33:
30:
19:
4892:Chen Shu-chu
4762:Harish Hande
4621:
4503:Yoon Hye-ran
4046:Seiei Toyama
4042:Saburo Okita
3805:Nick Joaquin
3795:James Reuter
3259:Vinoba Bhave
3230:Prakash Amte
3173:Angela Gomes
2753:Tee Tee Luce
2697:Li Kwoh-ting
2693:Shih-chu Hsu
2661:Prawase Wasi
2585:Haydee Yorac
2565:Grace Padaca
2520:
2307:Ek Sonn Chan
2182:Bilquis Edhi
2171:
2070:
2052:
2034:
2024:
2017:
2003:
1989:
1982:
1968:
1954:
1940:
1926:
1919:
1905:
1891:
1870:
1852:
1839:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1774:
1769:
1749:
1735:
1731:
1714:
1710:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1679:
1674:
1658:
1653:
1639:
1634:
1625:
1612:. Retrieved
1608:the original
1603:
1594:
1585:
1571:
1555:
1545:
1539:
1534:
1525:
1504:
1503:TTE (2002).
1486:
1468:
1459:
1450:
1442:
1433:
1425:
1416:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1352:
1348:
1342:
1317:
1313:
1307:
1298:
1290:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1240:
1235:
1227:
1222:
1213:
1204:
1183:
1174:
1149:
1145:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1082:
1076:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1026:
1017:
1008:
999:
962:
955:
930:
916:
885:
871:
856:
849:
842:
835:
826:
787:
784:Publications
744:
732:
716:
712:
708:
699:Indianapolis
688:
679:
667:
662:
658:
646:basic health
618:katchi abadi
617:
614:
591:Grameen Bank
583:
579:sub-district
575:
556:
517:
466:
457:Arthur Lewis
437:
410:to teach at
393:
357:
333:tuberculosis
322:
298:Maulana Hali
283:
266:high honours
243:
193:
192:
174:Institutions
153:
143:
137:
116:Microfinance
76:(1999-10-09)
52:15 July 1914
29:
4954:1999 deaths
4949:1914 births
4843:Philippines
4797:Tri Mumpuni
4731:Yu Xiaogang
4717:Huo Daishan
4495:South Korea
4467:Philippines
4181:South Korea
4120:Philippines
4073:Sanduk Ruit
3938:Tang Xiyang
3880:Philippines
3809:Raul Locsin
3785:Lino Brocka
3766:Philippines
3405:Philippines
3386:Mahabir Pun
3025:Philippines
2987:Kim Sun-tae
2979:South Korea
2955:Pedro Orata
2946:Philippines
2896:H.B. Jassin
2545:Philippines
2398:Ali Sadikin
1873:. Karachi:
1614:19 February
1547:Daily Times
1320:(4): 3–41.
863:) seminar.
814:travelogues
796:, English,
771:Philippines
368:East Bengal
270:travelogues
231:Philippines
168:Microcredit
93:Nationality
4943:Categories
4767:Deep Joshi
4688:Koul Panha
4644:Bangladesh
4547:East Timor
4318:Ka Hsaw Wa
3720:Akio Ishii
3521:Bangladesh
3141:Bangladesh
3083:Sirindhorn
2807:Gao Yaojie
2267:recipients
2037:. Ithaca:
1863:References
1349:Governance
820:In English
751:Posthumous
642:sanitation
511:, and the
497:World Bank
440:grassroots
312:, and the
280:Early life
48:1914-07-15
4786:Indonesia
4714:Fu Qiping
4590:Hong Kong
4579:based in
4521:Sri Lanka
4436:Indonesia
4247:based in
3995:Indonesia
3869:based in
3668:Indonesia
3597:Sri Lanka
3264:Aruna Roy
3254:Ela Bhatt
3014:based in
2927:Ruth Pfau
2887:Indonesia
2868:V. Shanta
2848:Baba Amte
2604:Singapore
2386:Indonesia
2209:Ruth Pfau
2157:Pakistani
1886:(in Urdu)
1334:154209926
865:Islamabad
816:in Urdu.
735:Islamabad
720:Pakistani
420:Principal
400:locksmith
377:Nietzsche
364:collector
229:from the
96:Pakistani
4911:Thailand
4677:Cambodia
4599:Chung To
4365:Cambodia
4258:Thailand
4210:Thailand
4092:Pakistan
3837:Thailand
3436:Thailand
3349:Malaysia
3051:Thailand
2918:Pakistan
2632:Thailand
2512:Pakistan
2479:Malaysia
2299:Cambodia
2012:15632098
1810:Archived
1758:Archived
1719:Archived
1509:Archived
1405:Archived
970:See also
902:Archived
890:Archived
634:peddlers
630:artisans
528:squatter
493:Peshawar
408:Pakistan
381:Mashriqi
4726:Pan Yue
4624:(2009–)
4190:Pomnyun
2821:Wu Qing
2121:YouTube
1256:3876623
1166:2758513
949:In Urdu
806:Persian
794:Bengali
670:Lodhran
581:level.
520:Karachi
396:Aligarh
306:sermons
254:Karachi
4908:
4883:Taiwan
4880:
4840:
4812:
4783:
4747:
4721:Ma Jun
4703:
4674:
4641:
4587:
4572:
4544:
4518:
4492:
4464:
4433:
4390:
4362:
4334:
4306:
4255:
4240:
4207:
4178:
4117:
4089:
4020:
3992:
3954:
3926:
3877:
3862:
3834:
3763:
3696:
3665:
3627:
3594:
3582:Ceylon
3579:
3551:
3518:
3467:
3433:
3402:
3346:
3318:
3290:
3237:&
3217:
3189:
3138:
3048:
3022:
3007:
2976:
2943:
2915:
2884:
2836:
2795:
2772:Ceylon
2769:
2741:
2685:Taiwan
2682:
2629:
2601:
2542:
2509:
2476:
2450:
2414:
2383:
2350:
2322:
2296:
2223:(2014)
2217:(2004)
2211:(2002)
2202:(1998)
2196:(1995)
2190:(1992)
2184:(1986)
2174:(1963)
2077:
2063:
2045:
2010:
1996:
1975:
1961:
1947:
1933:
1912:
1898:
1881:
1665:
1332:
1254:
1164:
961:1988,
954:1972,
941:
929:2000,
923:
910:UNICEF
878:
870:1996,
855:1994,
848:1985,
841:1974,
834:1965,
825:1956,
808:, and
790:Arabic
767:Manila
705:Legacy
569:, and
532:Orangi
475:, and
473:Punjab
389:Sufism
370:. The
314:Sufist
304:, the
160:Fields
130:Awards
4815:Japan
4750:India
4706:China
4393:India
4337:China
4309:Burma
4192:Sunim
4064:Nepal
4023:Japan
3957:India
3929:China
3738:Nepal
3699:Japan
3630:India
3554:Burma
3470:Tibet
3377:Nepal
3293:Japan
3220:India
3192:Burma
3010:Spain
2839:India
2798:China
2744:Burma
2417:Japan
2353:India
2325:China
2094:, at
1834:. In
1646:Dhaka
1441:" in
1330:S2CID
1252:JSTOR
1162:JSTOR
992:Notes
884:1997
861:SAARC
798:Hindi
726:, or
685:Death
675:civic
571:USAID
489:Bogra
477:Sindh
262:slums
237:from
3321:Laos
2453:Laos
2180:and
2075:ISBN
2061:ISBN
2043:ISBN
2008:OCLC
1994:ISBN
1973:ISBN
1959:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1931:ISBN
1910:ISBN
1896:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1663:ISBN
1616:2010
939:ISBN
935:Urdu
921:ISBN
876:ISBN
810:Urdu
802:Pali
648:and
599:BRAC
593:and
557:The
501:Java
379:and
318:Rumi
300:and
286:Agra
274:Urdu
198:Urdu
71:Died
56:Agra
42:Born
3586:or
2119:on
2108:at
1576:at
1357:doi
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1156::
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196:(
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46:(
20:)
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