22:
255:
1046:
2064:
387:
1033:, and in 2011 he had joined its International Advisory Board. Davies resigned from both positions in September 2012, on his appointment to chair the Airports Commission (as GIC Private Limited was, at the time, as it still is, one of Heathrow's principal owners and cheerleaders for Heathrow's expansion). Davies recorded neither of these remunerated interests, when invited to complete the Airports Commission's Register of Interests.
630:
proposals by 28 February 2013. Short and medium term proposals had to be submitted to the commission by 17 May 2013. Longer term proposals, of no more than 40 pages, had to be submitted by 19 July 2013. In addition the commission requested suggestions for sifting criteria to be used in developing the
Interim Report by 15 March 2013.
188:(BA) to make greater use of Gatwick Airport as a second hub. However, in 1991, having incurred significant financial losses, BA ceased most of its operations from the airport. Today, Stansted—despite having very low landing charges—operates at less than 50% capacity and is home to a completely different set of
1000:
economic and social factors – including local environmental issues such as impacts on landscape and the built heritage. The sift criteria demonstrate the openness of the commission’s process, and the importance it has placed on an integrated and evidence-based approach to reaching its recommendations."
1076:
The
Commission published its final report on 1 July 2015. It unanimously concluded that the proposal for a new northwest runway at Heathrow Airport, combined with a package of measures to address its environmental and community impacts, presented the strongest case and offered the greatest strategic
972:
Following pressure from the campaign group Stop
Stansted Expansion (SSE) during Summer 2013, Geoff Muirhead, the only member of the commission with experience of working in the aviation sector, resigned from the commission in September 2013 because of a perceived conflict of interest with his former
919:
The government's terms of reference for the commission state that the commission's final report will be produced in Summer 2015 after the next general election. Many people have questioned this date because, without the commission's Final Report, the political parties contesting the election will be
793:
A package of surface transport improvements to make airports with spare capacity more attractive to airlines and passengers, including: the enhancement of
Gatwick Airport Station; further work to develop a strategy for enhancing Gatwick's Road and Rail Access; work on developing proposals to improve
1003:
On 2 December Mrs
Justice Patterson in the High Court ruled that there was no basis for a Judicial Review. While the Judge found that it was not wise for Muirhead to have remained as a Commissioner while still working for MAG, she said that there was no real possibility of apparent bias in the sift
910:
between 1968 and 1971, in recent years the UK Government has normally used independent commissions to address complex or technical issues, where specialist expertise is required, rather than policy issues such as the choice of where to provide more hub runway capacity. As a result, the government's
633:
In May 2013 the commission published its sift criteria against which longer term capacity proposals would be assessed. The commission envisaged that a small number of preferred proposals would be short listed for further study during 2014 and 2015 in its
Interim Report in December 2013. The outcome
534:
The commission should base the recommendations in its final report on a detailed consideration of the case for each of the credible options. This should include the development or examination of detailed business cases and environmental assessments for each option, as well as consideration of their
976:
Muirhead resigned because although he had stepped down as CEO of MAG in 2010, he remained in an ambassadorial role (and paid ÂŁ75,000 per year) at the company until
January 2013 – two months after he had been appointed as a member of the commission. In February 2013 MAG subsequently bought Stansted
888:
The
Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democratic parties have welcomed the establishment of the commission, although none of the parties has said unequivocally that it will fully accept and implement the commission's findings if it wins the 2015 general election. Labour's Shadow Transport Secretary
829:
On 2 July 2014 the
Commission announced that it would not add a proposal for an airport in the inner Thames Estuary to its shortlist of options for additional capacity. Alongside the announcement the Commission published a Summary and Decision paper setting out the reasons for its decision and the
372:
has proposed a landbased estuarine scheme on the Isle of Grain, as well as a consortium of professionals TESTRAD proposing a new airport in the Thames
Estuary. In addition the management of Heathrow and business groups have started to campaign for additional runway capacity, whether at Heathrow or
629:
On 1 February 2013 the commission invited submissions for proposals to make best use of existing capacity in the short and medium term (proposals that could be implemented within five years) and to provide additional capacity in the longer term. Proponents had to confirm their intention to submit
447:
The government hoped that by establishing an independent commission it would be able to secure cross-party political consensus over the issue of how to expand London's airports. In particular it hoped that the commission's recommendations would be accepted by all political parties and as a result
691:
The Commission has had meetings with a wide range of stakeholders and has held briefings with Members of Parliament and Local Authorities. The Commission has also undertaken a programme of visits to UK and international airports, to the Isle of Grain and to the Heathrow and Gatwick areas to meet
510:
Its assessments of potential immediate actions should take into account their economic, social and environmental costs and benefits, and their operational deliverability. It should also be informed by an initial high-level assessment of the credible long-term options which merit further detailed
876:
The consultation consists of a Consultation Document, outlining the high-level summary of the commission's appraisal of the three shortlisted schemes, with more detailed documentation below it including individual business cases and sustainability assessments, consultants' reports and technical
765:
The Commission published its Interim Report and associated appendices, and consultants reports on 17 December 2013. A transcript of the stakeholder briefing on the Interim Report held at the Institute of Civil Engineers on the morning of publication and chaired by Sir Howard was later published
506:
The assessments and recommendations in the commission's interim report should be underpinned by a detailed review of the evidence in relation to the current position in the UK with regard to aviation demand and connectivity, forecasts for how these are likely to develop, and the expected future
999:
In a statement the Airports Commission said it "firmly rejects the claims made by Stop Stansted Expansion, and considers its processes to date to have been appropriate and robust. The commission’s sift criteria were informed by public consultation and incorporate a wide range of environmental,
780:
An 'Optimisation Strategy' to improve the operational efficiency of UK airports and airspace, including: Airport Collaborative Decision Making; airspace changes supporting performance based navigation; enhanced en-route traffic management to drive tighter adherence to schedules; and Time Based
772:
The Commission shortlisted three proposals to deliver additional capacity: A proposal from Heathrow Airport Ltd for an additional runway to the NW of the existing runways; a proposal from Heathrow Hub Ltd for a new runway to the west of the existing northern runway; and a proposal from Gatwick
718:
short listed scheme promoters will be asked to work with the commission to develop business cases between April and August 2014 (the commission had previously indicated that the studies would last for 18 months). The business cases must be developed to a level of detail that will enable DfT to
250:
A number of such proposals and projects have been proposed over the years, but these have all been cancelled at a later date due to a lack of national political consensus. Heathrow's inability to expand means that the airport has been operating its two runways at about 98% capacity since 2003.
476:
The commission will examine the scale and timing of any requirement for additional capacity to maintain the UK's position as Europe's most important aviation hub; and it will identify and evaluate how any need for additional capacity should be met in the short, medium and long
538:
As part of its final report in summer 2015, it should also provide materials, based on this detailed analysis, which will support the government in preparing a national policy statement to accelerate the resolution of any future planning applications for major airports
313:(R3) should be built at Heathrow, albeit with restrictions on the number of additional air traffic movements at the airport. The publication of specific plans for the extra runway was delayed until 2009 because of the public inquiry into the construction of a
700:
On 7 October 2013 Sir Howard gave a speech in which he set out the emerging thinking of the commission. Their main findings to date were that additional runway capacity would be needed in the longer term and that it should be provided within the
340:
who presented evidence in a feasibility study on the fatal impacts of pollution across a wide spread area over London. The evidence suggests that another runway would increase fatalities by pollution 3 times the current amount.
235:. As a result, there is widespread local opposition to the expansion of the airport even though many local people benefit from it in terms of employment. In part due to this issue, there are also a large number of marginal
195:
Heathrow has been unable to expand to meet the rapid growth in demand for air travel and in particular from transfer passengers on which hub airports depend. This inability to expand has been due to a combination of:
1703:
773:
Airport Ltd for a second runway to the south of the existing runway. The Interim Report committed the Commission to publish an Appraisal Framework setting out how it will assess each of the short listed options.
790:
The creation of an Independent Aviation Noise Authority to provide expert and impartial advice about the noise impacts of aviation and to facilitate the delivery of future improvements to airspace operations.
892:
The commission has also been welcomed by the UK aviation industry and business organisations, although there has been frustration at the length of time the commission will take to produce its Final Report.
637:
The commission has received and published 70 short/medium term proposals and 58 long term proposals from existing airports, architects, developers, engineers, other organisations and members of the public.
943:– an area adjacent to the airport – called the Commission's timetable undemocratic and asked for the date of its Final Report to be brought forward to a date before the election. In response to McDonnell,
987:
against the commission alleging bias because Muirhead had been involved in the development of the sift criteria that the commission will use to shortlist runway capacity options in December 2013. SSE's
980:
The DfT said that although there was no evidence whatsoever of bias, it was considered prudent for Muirhead to step aside and that no decision had been taken as to whether Muirhead will be replaced.
769:
The report sets out the Commission's assessment of the UK's future aviation capacity need and concluded that one net new additional runway would be required in London and south east England by 2030.
729:
the commission will hold a public consultation about the five options between October and December 2014 and will encourage scheme promoters to do likewise in the local area for their proposed scheme;
262:
As a result, its status as a global hub airport has been declining in terms of the growth in passenger numbers and number of destinations served, compared to its competitor hub airports in Europe (
299:
2125:
486:
It should seek to engage with a range of stakeholders, including with local and devolved government as well as the opposition, to build consensus in support of its approach and recommendations.
715:
alongside the Interim Report, a draft appraisal framework, that will be used to assess options, will be published for consultation. A final appraisal framework will be published in March 2014;
336:, who opposed all airport expansion, and R3 was immediately cancelled. Current research has revealed various reasons to further reduce flights at Heathrow, such as study undertaken in 2012 by
321:
was only a year away and the then opposition Conservative Party, eager to secure a political advantage, vigorously opposed R3 and vowed to cancel the project if they won the election.
1230:
1212:
996:
argued that Muirhead's resignation was too late to "save the sift criteria proceedings" and that Muirhead had "tainted .... the Commission's activities by reason of apparent bias".
838:
On 2 April 2014, after consultation, the Commission published its Appraisal Framework for assessing the three options for additional capacity shortlisted in the Interim Report.
1021:
In response, SSE said that the legal action had achieved its main objective of removing Muirhead from the Commission and that it would consider whether to appeal the decision.
483:
It should engage openly with interested parties and members of the public, providing opportunities to submit evidence and proposals and to set out views relevant to its work.
349:
Since 2010 there have been growing concerns that the lack of UK hub airport runway capacity is preventing the UK from establishing additional air connections to fast growing
1029:
In 2009, Sir Howard Davies had been appointed as advisor to the Investment Strategy Committee of GIC Private Limited, formerly known as Government Investment Corporation of
841:
The Appraisal Framework explains how the Commission expects scheme designs to be developed, and how it will appraise the schemes. The framework incorporates four elements:
150:
1707:
118:
1296:
794:
the rail link between London and Stansted; work to provide rail access into Heathrow from the South; and, the provision of smart ticketing facilities at airport stations.
624:
806:
On 27 March 2014, after consultation, the Commission published the terms of reference for the additional work it would undertake on an inner Thames Estuary proposal.
787:
The establishment of a Senior Delivery Group to drive forward the implementation of the Future Airspace Strategy and the delivery of the Commission's recommendations.
705:. Whilst regional airports have an important role of play in the UK's airports system, they would be unable to provide the capacity that is needed in the South East.
1607:
784:
Trials at Heathrow of measures to smooth the early morning arrival schedule to minimise stacking and delays and to provide more predictable respite for local people.
1647:
1262:
862:
Annex B of the Appraisal Framework sets out how scheme promoters might present updated scheme designs of the shortlisted proposal to the Airports Commission.
499:
its recommendation(s) for immediate actions to improve the use of existing runway capacity in the next five years – consistent with credible long term options
89:(DfT), produced an Interim Report in December 2013 and delivered a Final Report in July 2015. It unanimously concluded in favour of a new northwest runway at
1689:
1018:
The Judge ordered SSE to pay the Commission's legal costs, but was critical of the Commission for not being more transparent about Muirhead's work for MAG.
1808:
798:
In this report the Commission said it would undertake further work before deciding whether to add an airport in the inner Thames Estuary to its shortlist.
683:
The commission held evidence sessions in London and Manchester in July 2013 and published the transcripts and other documents presented in those sessions.
201:
977:
Airport and in July 2013 MAG submitted two long term proposals to the Commission – one for a second runway and the second for a four runway hub airport.
746:
the commission's Final Report will be published as soon as possible after the General Election and will only recommend 'one option' for further capacity;
1397:
2100:
1758:
1366:
940:
184:
or Stansted, would not address the UK's shortage of hub airport capacity. In 1978 the Traffic Distribution Rules were introduced to try to encourage
1661:
880:
As part of the consultation the Commission said it will hold two public evidence sessions, in the Heathrow area, and the other in the Gatwick area.
2105:
236:
950:
said that the commission needed time to do its work and the government will not ask the commission to bring forward the date of its Final Report.
2110:
168:
Since the 1980s finding solutions to address the shortage of airport capacity has become more difficult because of the growth and development of
1177:
306:
2046:
672:
The Commission published a sixth discussion paper calling for evidence on the Utilisation of the UK's Existing Airport Capacity in June 2014.
521:
its assessment of the options for meeting the UK’s international connectivity needs, including their economic, social and environmental impact
1894:
1676:"Stop Stansted Expansion lodged papers at High Court alleging Airports Commission criteria "infected by apparent bias" due to Geoff Muirhead"
1310:
889:
Mary Creagh told the Financial Times that the party "is reserving the right to reject the recommendations of the Davies review of aviation."
669:
The commission sought stakeholder comments on these papers and has published the technical and non-technical responses that it has received.
1352:
1234:
1159:
911:
decision to use a panel of unelected people to make a recommendation about such a wide-ranging and political decision has been criticised.
1619:
1594:
1482:
1324:
1216:
720:
480:
It should maintain a UK-wide perspective, taking appropriate account of the national, regional and local implications of any proposals.
1932:
1279:
1425:
2115:
1904:
1524:
1011:
that Muirhead had stood down from sections of a Commission meeting on 4 September 2013 that dealt with benefits to airports; and
1751:
1538:
924:
126:
2120:
1818:
1566:
1411:
137:
in Buckinghamshire (to the north west of London) should be developed as London's third airport. A member of the commission,
2051:
1998:
855:
for each option, incorporating the information needed to make informed assessments against the Commission's objectives; and
740:
408:
337:
325:
318:
310:
776:
The report contained a package of recommendations to the UK Government to make the best use of existing airport capacity:
1854:
1849:
1789:
1094:
845:
the Commission's objectives, against which options will be assessed and on which its final recommendations will be based;
496:
its assessment of the evidence on the nature, scale and timing of the steps needed to maintain the UK’s global hub status
920:
unable to state their policies to the electorate about the proposed expansion of airports in the South East of England.
2003:
1988:
1884:
467:
the terms of reference for the commission and the names of six commissioners who had been appointed by the government:
1552:
873:
The Commission published its consultation on 11 November 2014, to run for 12 weeks until midnight on 3 February 2015.
870:
In its Interim Report the Commission committed to consult on its appraisal of the shortlisted options in autumn 2014.
2130:
2068:
1744:
1633:
1580:
1338:
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and economic benefits – providing around 40 new destinations from the airport and more than 70,000 new jobs by 2050.
954:
527:
its recommendation(s) for ensuring that the need is met as expeditiously as practicable within the required timescale
434:
1383:
634:
of those studies would enable the commission to recommend a preferred location for additional hub airport capacity.
448:
could be implemented by the newly elected government when the commission publishes its final report in Summer 2015.
416:
1797:
1510:
1439:
457:
205:
59:
826:
Between 4 and 10 July 2014 the Commission published the reports from each of the four studies for public comment.
1962:
1802:
989:
858:
a set of appraisal modules explaining the methodologies that the Commission proposes to use in assessing options.
1468:
1859:
1728:
1213:"Connecting for growth: the role of Britain's hub airport in economic recovery: A report prepared for Heathrow"
907:
750:
412:
1125:
1108:
641:
Sir Howard has acknowledged that the number of proposals received was more than the commission had envisaged.
964:
said that it is Labour's view that the commission "should report before the general election and not after".
944:
675:
The Commission published its seventh discussion paper on the Delivery of New Runway Capacity on 1 July 2014.
354:
138:
165:(which was not shortlisted by the Roskill Commission) was subsequently developed as London's third airport.
141:, wrote a dissenting report and recommended that an airport should be developed at Foulness (later known as
125:
is an issue that successive governments have failed to address since the 1950s. A previous commission – the
122:
1874:
1864:
736:
74:, the question of how to make best use of and expand airport capacity had become the UK's most significant
1057:
936:
247:) develop a proposal or project to expand the airport, it is guaranteed to be opposed by the other party.
932:
329:
287:
279:
1145:
275:
180:
airport operating model. The provision of additional capacity at major point-to-point airports, such as
75:
2026:
928:
852:
573:
564:
1195:
848:
an updated scheme design for each short-listed option, to be used as the starting point for appraisal;
1899:
606:
267:
82:
1248:
1196:"Britain's Transport Infrastructure - Adding Capacity at Heathrow: Decisions Following Consultation"
2031:
1888:
1767:
753:
after the Interim Report is published, but he does not think that this will delay the process much.
397:
86:
2085:
1826:
1496:
743:. Sir Howard expects that the commission's work will not be mentioned in the election manifestos;
556:
401:
162:
1163:
2036:
1952:
1297:"Short and medium term options: proposals for making the best use of existing airport capacity"
333:
181:
177:
154:
2040:
1993:
1844:
984:
244:
712:
the commission will short list up to five options, rather than sites, in its Interim Report;
114:
757:
Sir Howard invited the public to submit responses to the commission about these findings.
364:– who strongly opposes expansion of Heathrow and was at the time widely tipped to succeed
8:
1924:
314:
1181:
239:
located around the airport meaning that whenever one of the two main political parties (
35:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
993:
702:
460:
110:
726:
the commission will continue to engage with the leaders of the main political parties;
1967:
1008:
the Commission had adopted a defensive strategy after legal proceedings had commenced
958:
283:
271:
254:
216:
146:
1263:"Guidance Document 01: Submitting evidence and proposals to the Airports Commission"
1942:
1836:
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350:
263:
189:
169:
90:
1909:
1777:
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328:
was influenced by the rejection of Heathrow's 3rd runway. Conservatives formed a
240:
232:
185:
158:
130:
906:
Although the commission mirrors the Third London Airport Commission, chaired by
121:. However the question of how to expand the capacity of the system to cope with
1947:
224:
209:
2094:
1914:
1398:"Public evidence sessions transcripts: Airports Commission discussion papers"
587:
569:
507:
pattern of the UK's requirements for international and domestic connectivity.
464:
369:
365:
361:
228:
1972:
1957:
1736:
583:
560:
358:
142:
1675:
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airlines compared to the full-service airlines which operate at Heathrow.
983:
In October 2013 SSE launched a legal action for a Judicial Review in the
816:
Study 2: Operational feasibility and attitudes to moving to a new airport
552:
303:
274:) and in relation to the recent rapid growth of Middle Eastern airports (
173:
63:
1426:"Thames Estuary airport: Howard Davies Commission visiting Medway today"
1045:
157:
at Maplin. However the project was cancelled in 1974 in the wake of the
649:
To inform its work, the commission has published discussion papers on:
592:
577:
134:
739:
between December 2014 and June 2015 to avoid becoming involved in the
62:
to consider how the UK could "maintain its status as an international
1937:
1109:"Aviation: proposals for an airport in the Thames estuary, 1945–2012"
1030:
1690:"Airports Commission rejects claims made by Stop Stansted Expansion"
386:
961:
524:
its recommendation(s) for the optimum approach to meeting any needs
58:
was an independent commission established in September 2012 by the
1311:"Long term options: proposals received by the Airports Commission"
66:
for aviation and immediate actions to improve the use of existing
1280:"Guidance Document 02: Long Term Capacity Options: Sift Criteria"
1130:
1704:"High Court refuses to order Stansted Airport expansion rethink"
1353:"Stakeholder responses to Airports Commission discussion papers"
1781:
1483:"Inner Thames Estuary feasibility studies: terms of reference'"
609:(MAG). Muirhead resigned from the commission in September 2013.
106:
81:
The five person commission, which was chaired by the economist
70:
capacity in the next 5 years". Alongside the proposal to build
67:
2126:
Public bodies and task forces of the United Kingdom government
1525:"Airports Commission announces inner Thames estuary decision'"
1014:
that any decisions made in that meeting were only provisional.
489:
The commission should report no later than the end of 2013 on:
176:, as opposed to all other UK airports which are based on the
625:
List of long term proposals received by Airports Commission
133:– sat between 1968 and 1971 and recommended that a site at
514:
The commission should report no later than summer 2015 on:
208:, meaning that aircraft mainly approach the airport over
71:
1648:"Airports Commission member faces calls for resignation"
1231:"One hub or none: The case for a single UK hub airport"
732:
the commission may also hold further evidence sessions;
451:
1325:"Sir Howard Davies expects parties to follow findings"
344:
1539:"Inner Thames estuary airport: summary and decision'"
692:
local political representation and residents groups.
368:
as Conservative Party leader – and leading architect
1567:"'AIncreasing the UK's long term aviation capacity'"
145:). The Government accepted Buchanan's report and an
901:
101:
2092:
1440:"Emerging thinking: aviation capacity in the UK"
1412:"Airports Commission meetings with stakeholders"
535:operational, commercial and technical viability.
1706:. Herts and Essex Observer 2013. Archived from
1233:. Heathrow Airport Limited 2012. Archived from
1180:. Department for Transport 2003. Archived from
801:
2047:Independent Commission on Civil Aviation Noise
1457:. Airports Operators Association. Autumn 2013.
830:work it had undertaken to reach its decision.
1895:Disabled Persons Transport Advisory Committee
1752:
931:Aviation Strategy report on 24 October 2013,
813:Study 1: Environmental / Natura 2000 impacts.
586:– former CEO and Executive Vice-President of
231:impacts for local residents and pose a major
1766:
809:The additional work comprises four studies:
376:
415:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1759:
1745:
1662:"Geoff Muirhead quits Airports Commission"
1453:"Airports Commission: Emerging thinking".
2101:2012 establishments in the United Kingdom
1729:Airports Commission releases final report
1384:"Airports Commission discussion paper 07"
1367:"Airports Commission discussion paper 06"
1215:. Frontier Economics 2011. Archived from
435:Learn how and when to remove this message
1809:Parliamentary Under-Secretaries of State
293:
253:
2106:Government agencies established in 2012
1905:Traffic Commissioners for Great Britain
1634:"Labour hedges bets on aviation review"
1581:"Labour hedges bets on aviation review"
1339:"Airports Commission discussion papers"
1095:"Airports Commission: Responsibilities"
914:
2111:Transport policy in the United Kingdom
2093:
1776:Headquarters: Great Minster House, 33
1162:. Transport for London. Archived from
833:
686:
662:airport business operating models; and
127:Commission on the Third London Airport
1740:
1469:"Airports Commission: Interim Report"
877:analysis produced by the Commission.
470:
2052:Vehicle and Operator Services Agency
1999:Marine Accident Investigation Branch
1160:"Why London needs a new hub airport"
1040:
695:
678:
644:
613:
572:– Professor of Urban Studies at the
463:announced in a written statement to
452:Terms of reference and commissioners
413:adding citations to reliable sources
380:
223:These factors result in significant
78:issue over the preceding few years.
15:
1855:Driver and Vehicle Standards Agency
1850:Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency
749:there is a strong possibility of a
345:Recent global connectivity concerns
324:Analysis proves the outcome of the
13:
2004:Rail Accident Investigation Branch
1989:Air Accidents Investigation Branch
1885:British Transport Police Authority
14:
2142:
2079:
967:
955:Confederation of British Industry
760:
2063:
2062:
1915:Trinity House Lighthouse Service
1798:Secretary of State for Transport
1249:"Airports Commission membership"
1201:. Department for Transport 2009.
1044:
1024:
896:
543:
458:Secretary of State for Transport
385:
60:Government of the United Kingdom
20:
1963:London and Continental Railways
1803:Minister of State for Transport
1722:
1696:
1682:
1668:
1654:
1640:
1626:
1612:
1601:
1587:
1573:
1559:
1545:
1531:
1517:
1511:"Inner Thames Estuary studies'"
1503:
1489:
1475:
1461:
1446:
1432:
1418:
1404:
1390:
1376:
1359:
1345:
1331:
1317:
1303:
1289:
1272:
1255:
1241:
1131:Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
1036:
902:Establishment of the commission
865:
822:Study 4: Surface access impacts
819:Study 3: Socio-economic impacts
766:alongside the other documents.
605:Geoff Muirhead – former CEO of
119:world's busiest airports system
2116:Airports in the United Kingdom
1860:Maritime and Coastguard Agency
1223:
1205:
1188:
1170:
1152:
1138:
1118:
1101:
1087:
206:prevailing southwesterly winds
200:the airport's location to the
102:Expansion of London's airports
1:
1178:"The Future of Air Transport"
1126:"Maplin Development Act 1973"
1080:
96:
2121:Aviation and the environment
1865:Vehicle Certification Agency
1004:criteria. This was because:
929:Transport Select Committee's
802:Inner Thames Estuary Studies
735:the commission will go into
665:aviation and climate change.
653:aviation demand forecasting;
618:
549:Sir Howard Davies (Chairman)
317:. However, by this time the
237:Parliamentary constituencies
161:and the existing airport at
7:
1692:. Airports Commission 2013.
1620:"Hansard 24th October 2013"
1595:"Hansard 24th October 2013"
883:
708:Sir Howard also said that:
307:The Future of Air Transport
258:Heathrow traffic statistics
153:– that paved the way for a
151:Maplin Development Act 1973
10:
2147:
2027:Directly Operated Railways
1819:Non-ministerial department
622:
574:London School of Economics
565:Olympic Delivery Authority
2060:
2012:
1981:
1923:
1900:Northern Lighthouse Board
1873:
1835:
1817:
1788:
1774:
853:sustainability assessment
721:National Policy Statement
656:connectivity and economy;
607:Manchester Airports Group
377:Purpose of the commission
123:growing air travel demand
29:This article needs to be
2131:Department for Transport
2032:Driving Standards Agency
1933:Civil Aviation Authority
1889:British Transport Police
1768:Department for Transport
1114:. House of Commons 2012.
219:surrounding the airport.
87:Department for Transport
1938:Crossrail International
1827:Office of Rail and Road
1636:. Financial Times 2013.
1583:. Financial Times 2013.
1327:. ITN Productions 2013.
557:chief executive officer
111:six commercial airports
2037:Government Car Service
1953:Great British Railways
259:
155:Thames Estuary Airport
2041:Prime Ministerial Car
1994:Bus Open Data Service
1845:Active Travel England
1678:. Airport Watch 2013.
1664:. The Telegraph 2013.
1650:. The Telegraph 2013.
1622:. UK Parliament 2013.
1597:. UK Parliament 2013.
1569:. UK Government 2014.
1555:. UK Government 2013.
1553:"Appraisal Framework"
1541:. UK Government 2013.
1527:. UK Government 2013.
1513:. UK Government 2013.
1485:. UK Government 2013.
1471:. UK Government 2013.
1442:. UK Government 2013.
1400:. UK Government 2013.
1355:. UK Government 2013.
1341:. UK Government 2013.
1313:. UK Government 2013.
1299:. UK Government 2013.
1285:. UK Government 2013.
1268:. UK Government 2013.
1251:. UK Government 2012.
1097:. UK Government 2012.
703:South East of England
588:BP Alternative Energy
319:2010 general election
294:Heathrow third runway
257:
2013:Former public bodies
1455:The Airport Operator
1148:. FlightGlobal 1991.
941:Hayes and Harlington
937:Member of Parliament
915:Date of final report
851:a business case and
576:and director of the
563:and Chairman of the
409:improve this section
330:Coalition Government
85:and reported to the
2086:Airports Commission
2022:Airports Commission
1925:Public corporations
1710:on 15 December 2013
1428:. Kent Online 2013.
1237:on 2 November 2013.
1166:on 3 November 2013.
1146:"Waiving the rules"
953:In a speech to the
834:Appraisal Framework
687:Meetings and Visits
456:On 2 November 2012
353:and is harming the
300:Labour Government's
215:the level of dense
56:Airports Commission
1837:Executive agencies
1056:. You can help by
945:Transport Minister
595:– a scientist and
471:Terms of reference
461:Patrick McLoughlin
351:emerging economies
260:
2076:
2075:
2015:and organisations
1968:National Highways
1074:
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992:Paul Stinchcombe
959:Shadow Chancellor
723:by December 2015;
696:Emerging thinking
679:Evidence sessions
645:Discussion papers
614:Programme of work
445:
444:
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334:Liberal Democrats
217:urban development
172:as the UK's only
149:was passed – the
147:Act of Parliament
115:metropolitan area
83:Sir Howard Davies
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719:produce a draft
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440:
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309:proposed that a
170:Heathrow Airport
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698:
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659:aviation noise;
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597:Vice-Chancellor
593:Dame Julia King
580:research centre
553:Sir John Armitt
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539:infrastructure.
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186:British Airways
159:1973 oil crisis
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407:Please help
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311:third runway
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41:October 2016
38:
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957:, Labour's
935:the Labour
781:Separation.
373:elsewhere.
304:White Paper
233:safety risk
229:air quality
174:hub airport
129:chaired by
2095:Categories
1714:6 December
1081:References
985:High Court
578:LSE Cities
465:Parliament
135:Cublington
117:, has the
97:Background
1790:Ministers
1031:Singapore
990:barrister
619:Proposals
559:(CEO) of
555:– former
396:does not
332:with the
284:Abu Dhabi
272:Frankfurt
2069:Category
962:Ed Balls
884:Reaction
276:Istanbul
264:Schiphol
190:low-cost
163:Stansted
417:removed
402:sources
355:economy
182:Gatwick
113:in its
109:, with
31:updated
1782:London
737:purdah
241:Labour
107:London
68:runway
1982:Other
1370:(PDF)
1283:(PDF)
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923:In a
477:term.
280:Dubai
268:Paris
225:noise
212:; and
1716:2013
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400:any
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298:The
288:Doha
286:and
270:and
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