1212:
414:
114:
502:
138:
617:
397:
457:
The nest fronds are smaller rounded leaves basal to the foliage fronds. They do not bear sori and are persistent, not being shed after turning brown and dying. They form a characteristic 'basket' that collect litter and organic debris, hence the common name. The collected debris decompose into
571:
at the base cell. The tipmost cell divides repeatedly by cross-walls, forming a broad spatulate (spoon-shaped) prothallial plate. One of the cells at the top margin of the prothallus then divides obliquely when it has 5, 10, or more cells across its width. This results in an
579:. Division by this type of cell is parallel to each other and perpendicular to the rest of the cells, forming rows. This eventually results in the formation of a notch at the anterior edge of the prothallus, giving it a roughly heart-shaped appearance (cordate).
586:. They are also usually more sparsely haired, with some prothalli rarely having multicellular hair. They mature after six to nine months, and finish their life cycle at around a year. The gametophytes produce male (
2138:
2577:
608:, the production of a gametophyte not from spores, but directly from the vegetative cells of the sporophytes. Their leaves can develop prothalli under dim light and sporophytic buds in strong light.
557:
2320:"Improve livelihoods through market assessment and sustainable development of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in two selected villages in the northern uplands of Vietnam"
442:, fertile foliage fronds and sterile nest fronds. The dark green foliage fronds are large, 2β4 feet (0.61β1.22 m) long, with elongated stalks. They are deeply lobed or
1050:
895:
1357:
886:
1030:
1000:
2142:
1100:
846:
2319:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1060:
970:
960:
950:
930:
2019:"Quantifying the abundance of four large epiphytic fern species in remnant complex notophyll vine forest on the Atherton Tableland, north Queensland, Australia"
1399:
1110:
1020:
940:
920:
876:
866:
836:
1294:
1090:
816:
2608:
2018:
1040:
990:
1289:
1285:
1195:), are commonly used to treat bone injuries. Its common name literally means "mender of shattered bones" in Chinese. Another species, the oak-leaf fern (
2097:
1772:
485:(growing on rocks). They can also sometimes be found in man-made structures like brick walls. They are found in wet tropical environments, usually in
3083:
2835:
2524:
1348:, all assigned tentatively to the genus in 1899. The arrangement and type of their sori, however, indicate that they are members of the family
3096:
2848:
384:
and are native to tropical Africa, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and
Oceania. Some species are economically important as
2897:
2356:
2202:
3031:
2783:
1599:
3044:
2796:
2523:
Tao Su; FrΓ©dΓ©ric M.B. Jacques; Yu-Sheng (Christopher) Liu; Jianying Xiang; Yaowu Xing; Yongjiang Huang & Zhekun Zhou (2010).
1924:
2448:
2243:
2001:
1660:
549:
released by mature sporophytes; while sporophytes, in turn, develop from the fusion of gametes produced by mature prothalli.
2492:
2260:
1631:
Garden ferns; or, Coloured figures and descriptions of a selection of exotic ferns adapted for cultivation in the garden
2330:
469:
typically anchored to a tree or a rock. The rhizomes of basket ferns are creeping and densely covered in brown scales.
1530:
563:', observed in several other ferns. In this type, the spores germinate into a germ filament composed of barrel-shaped
1612:
3101:
2853:
462:, providing the plants with nutrients it would otherwise not have received from being suspended above the ground.
3070:
2822:
2033:
137:
2915:
3127:
2596:
1890:
2112:
2098:"Giants in the Rainforest: A Radiotelemetry Study of the Amethystine Python in North Queensland, Australia"
2032:(4). Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney & the National Herbarium of New South Wales: 521β527. Archived from
1800:
352:
2992:
2692:
2393:
3023:
3010:
2775:
2749:
3122:
2910:
1216:
1010:
522:
370:
2059:
1497:
3186:
2863:
2801:
125:
3049:
1211:
2522:
1377:
but only distantly. The only other reasonably convincing fossil remains of drynarioids aside from
758:). Due to their ability to preserve moisture and persistence even after death, the nest leaves of
3018:
2902:
2770:
2354:
1200:
1150:
1070:
665:) on the bases of the frond lobes or the underside of the fronds. The produced nectar is rich in
605:
430:
2889:
413:
3005:
2744:
2635:
3088:
2840:
2438:
2233:
1650:
582:
The cordate prothallus are usually smaller with thinner midribs than that of other members of
2983:
2884:
980:
754:
731:
409:
are large and dark green, the smaller brown sterile nest fronds are clustered at their bases.
2876:
3191:
3176:
3114:
2718:
1943:
1841:
1785:
Assam
University Journal of Science & Technology: Biological and Environmental Sciences
1635:
1239:
1238:
are in danger of being overexploited. None of the species are currently cultivated for the
1170:
1080:
910:
856:
744:
to have hunted pythons regularly during the winter months by climbing up to individuals of
703:
690:
401:
2288:
8:
2367:
2210:
1770:
741:
709:
576:
2762:
2736:
1947:
1845:
501:
113:
3181:
3148:
2936:
2757:
2673:
2600:
1959:
1865:
1718:
1479:
1189:
719:). As much as 81% of sightings of the snakes in one study were in large individuals of
598:. The gametes fuse, forming the diploid sporophyte, the 'fern' part of the life cycle.
260:
132:
2235:
Mabberley's plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses
3109:
2871:
2705:
2551:
2444:
2239:
1997:
1857:
1792:
1710:
1656:
1608:
1316:
of drynarioids is not very well documented due to the typically poor preservation of
1186:
826:
723:
located about 17β40 m (56β131 ft) above the ground. Snakes seek shelter in
715:
2997:
2604:
2578:"Origin and diversification of African ferns with special emphasis on Polypodiaceae"
1967:
1869:
1722:
1483:
1460:
PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns".
3153:
2941:
2710:
2592:
2547:
2543:
2412:
2181:
1951:
1849:
1702:
1469:
735:
2697:
2684:
1629:
1306:
1253:
385:
2465:
2355:
Stuart
Lindsay; David J. Middleton; Thaweesakdi Boonkerd; Somran Suddee (2009).
2968:
2658:
2575:
2266:
1341:
162:
1826:
1706:
1607:. RGS-IBG Expedition Advisory Centre, Royal Geographical Society. p. 15.
573:
3170:
2555:
2416:
1861:
1796:
1714:
1565:
1313:
779:
775:
583:
355:
classification of 2016 (PPG I) uses this genus name, while other sources use
348:
344:
222:
212:
202:
64:
3140:
1685:
H.C. Chang; D.C. Agrawal; C.L. Kuo; J.L. Wen; C.C. Chen; H.S. Tsay (2007). "
752:
can also serve as growing substrates for other plants like the ribbon fern (
2928:
2111:(4). International Reptile Conservation Foundation: 215β221. Archived from
1996:. Interspecific Interactions. The University of Chicago Press. p. 48.
1542:
1386:
1370:
1257:
763:
514:
192:
421:
3057:
2977:
2809:
2667:
1413:
1349:
591:
587:
564:
538:
39:
2186:
2165:
2163:
2016:
1771:
P.B. Mazumder; Bonani
Mazumder; M. Dutta Choudhury; G.D. Sharma (2011).
1736:
3036:
2788:
1963:
1853:
1429:
1337:
1299:
1249:
788:
670:
653:
647:
542:
530:
490:
486:
84:
49:
32:
3062:
2814:
1922:
1684:
1474:
533:(the phase where the plant is most familiar), and the other being the
2731:
2166:"Association of water-borne conidial fungi with epiphytic tree fern (
1421:
1394:
1390:
1366:
1220:
685:
482:
478:
381:
377:
89:
2629:
1955:
3135:
2962:
2923:
2827:
2652:
1303:
793:
738:
616:
466:
79:
74:
59:
54:
44:
3075:
2259:
Hassler, Michael & Schmitt, Bernd (June 2019). "Aglaomorpha".
556:
lends its name to a certain type of prothallial germination, the '
2329:. Swiss Association for International Cooperation. Archived from
1991:
1174:
666:
662:
568:
534:
526:
443:
94:
69:
2723:
688:), used for exuding surplus metabolic products. The ant species
489:. Their native range extends from equatorial Africa to tropical
1652:
The tropical look: an encyclopedia of dramatic landscape plants
1362:
1317:
1281:
807:
The following is the list of accepted species according to the
658:
642:
624:
595:
451:
438:
Basket ferns are characterized by the presence of two types of
2436:
2095:
2057:
396:
2180:(1). Swiss Association for International Cooperation: 19β27.
1273:
681:
631:
546:
459:
447:
439:
425:
417:
406:
336:
149:
2576:
Thomas
Janssen; Hans-Peter Kreier; Harald Schneider (2007).
2529:(Polypodiaceae) from the Upper Pliocene of Southwest China"
1178:
965:(Christ ex De Wild. & Durand) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
340:
182:
172:
1693:, a Fern Species Source of Chinese Medicine "Gu-Sui-Bu"".
1563:
2597:
10.1663/0007-196x(2007)59[159:oadoaf]2.0.co;2
1597:
677:
620:
2490:
1929:(Polypodiaceae): Preliminary Observations and Analyses"
1541:. Society for Growing Australian Plants. Archived from
1528:
1403:. It remains, as of 2011, the oldest known drynarioid.
493:
and East Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia, and
Oceania.
2499:. Office of Environment & Heritage, NSW Government
2394:"Antimicrobial Activity of Extract and Fractions from
2297:: yang tonifying herbs for bones, tendons, and brains"
2200:
1627:
2017:
Jason
Cummings; Michelle Martin; Anne Rogers (2006).
1695:
In Vitro
Cellular & Developmental Biology - Plant
1397:. These were later transferred to the living species
684:
dispersal. They may also be simply excretory organs (
2064:) in the Wet Tropics of North Queensland, Australia"
2591:(2). The New York Botanical Garden Press: 159β181.
2286:
2164:Kishore Karamchand; Kandikerere R. Sridhar (2009).
1994:
The
Ecology and Evolution of Ant-Plant Interactions
1923:Suzanne Koptur; Alan R. Smith; Irene Baker (1982).
1891:"The Opening Face of Vascular Plants: Pteridophyta"
1425:β spleenworts, bird's-nest ferns, and walking ferns
405:growing on rocks in Australia. The fertile foliage
1824:
1648:
3168:
2136:
1942:(2). Association for Tropical Biology: 108β113.
774:Basket ferns are classified under the subfamily
373:in PPG I, the genus contains around 50 species.
2231:
1320:recovered. Previous fossil species assigned to
1185:(more frequently cited by Asian authors by its
2391:
2357:"Towards a stable nomenclature for Thai ferns"
2317:
2262:Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World
2258:
1263:
809:Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World
1840:(3). The New York Botanical Garden: 295β396.
1529:Russell Cumming; Jan Sked (August 21, 2006).
2491:NSW Scientific Committee (October 4, 1998).
2463:
1992:Victor Rico-Gray; Paulo S. Oliveria (2007).
1634:. Illustrated by Walter Hood Fitch. p.
1490:
1268:Fossil species have not been transferred to
762:are also fertile hosts to a large number of
2238:. Cambridge University Press. p. 690.
2060:"Habitat Use in a Large Rainforest Python (
1230:commonly used in traditional medicine like
727:more frequently during the colder seasons.
680:(or other organisms) for protection or for
472:
2209:. Checklist of World Ferns. Archived from
2157:
1925:"Nectaries in Some Neotropical Species of
1743:. Global Biodiversity Information Facility
1065:(Wall. ex Mett.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
915:(Kunze ex Mett.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
707:serve as shelter for amethystine pythons (
112:
2437:Christopher Hobbs; Kathi Keville (2007).
2225:
2185:
2096:Alastair Freeman; Amanda Freeman (2007).
2058:Alastair Freeman; Amanda Freeman (2009).
1985:
1918:
1916:
1524:
1522:
1473:
698:, in addition to other epiphytic plants.
627:secreted by the lower surface of a young
541:(the phase where the plant is known as a
2569:
2443:. Book Publishing Company. p. 287.
2311:
2089:
2010:
1901:(113). Pratiyogita Darpan: 650β661. 2007
1820:
1818:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1210:
615:
500:
412:
395:
2348:
2194:
2071:Herpetological Conservation and Biology
2051:
1680:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1557:
1160:
3169:
2497:(a fern) β endangered species listing"
2457:
1913:
1519:
1455:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1389:(23.03 to 5.332 million years ago) of
1309:(about 3.6 to 2.5 million years ago).
1276:, and are still recorded in the genus
1199:) is used similarly in South Asia and
2634:
2633:
2536:Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
2518:
2516:
2514:
2430:
2141:. Bush Medicine Woman. Archived from
1815:
1755:
1642:
1621:
1459:
786:were once classified under the genus
450:(structures producing and containing
2864:5c4df1d0-2d88-4c4e-a5f8-99337d6a299b
2405:Journal of Bacteriology and Virology
2385:
2299:. Institute for Traditional Medicine
2252:
1669:
1598:Cliver Jermy; Roger Chapman (2002).
1591:
1462:Journal of Systematics and Evolution
2484:
2280:
2130:
1883:
1827:"Gametophytes of Homosporous Ferns"
1729:
1564:Frederick Garrett Dickason (1946).
1444:
1165:Extracts from the rhizomes of some
1145:(Hieron.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
945:(Alderw.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
13:
2511:
1373:, Russia shows some affinities to
1284:specimens were described from the
1095:(Christ) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
881:(Copel.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
871:(Christ) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
831:(Christ) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
14:
3203:
2916:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1003449-2
2287:Subhuti Dharmananda (July 2010).
1280:. In 2010, twelve well-preserved
1135:(Hook.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
1105:(Desv.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
1055:(Mett.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
1025:(Bedd.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
995:(Bedd.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
821:(Diels) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
769:
676:Their function may be to attract
3128:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326162-2
1256:, Australia), due to threats of
1169:species are used extensively in
1155:(Bory) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
365:. Species are commonly known as
136:
37:
1628:William Jackson Hooker (1862).
1206:
1085:(Sw.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
1035:(Baker) Parris & M. C. Roos
509:" type prothallial germination.
2548:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2010.11.011
2201:Michael Hassler; Brian Swale.
1791:(1). Assam University: 79β83.
1781:(L.) J. Sm., a Medicinal Fern"
1075:(L.) Hovenkamp & S. Linds.
391:
1:
2472:. Philippine Medicinal Plants
2440:Women's Herbs, Women's Health
2364:Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany)
2265:. Vol. 8. Archived from
1825:B. K. Nayar; S. Kaur (1971).
1655:. Timber Press. p. 152.
1437:
1181:, the rhizomes of gu-sui-bu,
545:). Gametophytes develop from
496:
2366:(37): 64β106. Archived from
2203:"Family Drynariaceae, genus
1508:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1260:and low population numbers.
748:. The large rhizome mass of
694:is commonly associated with
521:exhibits metagenesis or the
353:Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
252:
7:
2542:(2011). Elsevier: 521β527.
1601:Tropical Forest Expeditions
1573:The Ohio Journal of Science
1417:β staghorn or elkhorn ferns
1406:
1385:recovered in 1985 from the
1264:Evolution and fossil record
1005:(Becc. ex Baker) M. C. Roos
792:(rockcap ferns), under the
525:. One generation being the
465:Both frond types grow from
10:
3208:
1895:Competition Science Vision
1649:Robert Lee Riffle (1998).
1539:: Interesting Fern Genera"
1506:Plants of the World Online
1217:Ravensbourne National Park
1011:Aglaomorpha novoguineensis
802:
611:
523:alternation of generations
454:) on the bottom surfaces.
2952:
2642:
1707:10.1007/s11627-007-9037-6
1051:Aglaomorpha pleuridioides
266:
259:
249:
244:
133:Scientific classification
131:
126:Lincoln Park Conservatory
120:
111:
23:
2417:10.4167/jbv.2007.37.2.61
2232:D. J. Mabberley (2008).
1701:(2). Springer: 133β139.
1358:Protodrynaria takhtajani
1045:(J. Sm. ex Kunze) Copel.
887:Aglaomorpha drynarioides
811:as of August 2019:
604:also naturally exhibits
473:Habitat and distribution
2392:Eun-Kyung Jung (2007).
2318:Karin Hilfiker (2008).
2139:"Ferns and Fern Allies"
1252:in some areas (like in
1201:Maritime Southeast Asia
1197:Aglaomorpha quercifolia
1151:Aglaomorpha willdenowii
1071:Aglaomorpha quercifolia
1031:Aglaomorpha parkinsonii
1001:Aglaomorpha nectarifera
861:(Wall. ex Mett.) Copel.
782:. Species belonging to
734:were documented by the
661:-secreting structures (
657:), possess specialized
629:Aglaomorpha quercifolia
567:cells with one or more
431:Aglaomorpha quercifolia
424:surface of the foliage
2398:Against Oral Bacteria"
2137:Elvianna Dorante-Day.
1383:Polypodium quercifolia
1223:
1101:Aglaomorpha sparsisora
975:(Rosenst.) comb. ined.
847:Aglaomorpha cornucopia
732:Indigenous Australians
635:
510:
481:(growing on trees) or
435:
410:
2885:Paleobiology Database
2336:on September 29, 2011
2207:; world species list"
1803:on September 29, 2011
1381:was a specimen named
1214:
1141:Aglaomorpha volkensii
1131:Aglaomorpha tricuspis
1121:Aglaomorpha splendens
1061:Aglaomorpha propinqua
981:Aglaomorpha meyeniana
971:Aglaomorpha meeboldii
961:Aglaomorpha laurentii
951:Aglaomorpha latipinna
931:Aglaomorpha hieronymi
905:(Bostock) comb. ined.
755:Ophioglossum pendulum
730:In the 19th century,
713:) and scrub pythons (
619:
504:
416:
399:
2468:Drynaria quercifolia
2168:Drynaria quercifolia
1834:The Botanical Review
1779:Drynaria quercifolia
1566:"The Ferns of Burma"
1400:Aglaomorpha heraclea
1326:Drynaria astrostigma
1298:, it comes from the
1248:are also considered
1240:alternative medicine
1183:Aglaomorpha fortunei
1173:. In China, Taiwan,
1171:traditional medicine
1161:Traditional medicine
1111:Aglaomorpha speciosa
1081:Aglaomorpha rigidula
1021:Aglaomorpha parishii
955:(C. Chr.) M. C. Roos
941:Aglaomorpha involuta
921:Aglaomorpha heraclea
911:Aglaomorpha fortunei
877:Aglaomorpha descensa
867:Aglaomorpha delavayi
857:Aglaomorpha coronans
837:Aglaomorpha brooksii
704:Aglaomorpha rigidula
691:Iridomyrmex cordatus
645:of ferns (including
515:spore-bearing plants
402:Aglaomorpha rigidula
122:Drynaria quercifolia
2213:on October 17, 2008
2187:10.5586/am.2009.004
1948:1982Biotr..14..108K
1846:1971BotRv..37..295N
1355:Outside the genus,
1295:Drynaria callispora
1236:A. quercifolia
1091:Aglaomorpha sagitta
851:(Copel.) M. C. Roos
817:Aglaomorpha baronii
742:Carl Sofus Lumholtz
710:Morelia amethistina
696:A. quercifolia
446:, winged, and bear
2464:Godofredo Stuart.
2118:on October 2, 2011
1854:10.1007/bf02859157
1545:on August 23, 2011
1224:
1115:(Blume) M. C. Roos
1041:Aglaomorpha pilosa
991:Aglaomorpha mollis
891:(Hook.) M. C. Roos
641:, like some other
636:
511:
436:
411:
3164:
3163:
3110:Open Tree of Life
2872:Open Tree of Life
2636:Taxon identifiers
2614:on March 19, 2012
2495:Drynaria rigidula
2450:978-1-57067-152-4
2396:Drynaria fortunei
2373:on March 16, 2012
2245:978-0-521-82071-4
2145:on March 28, 2012
2062:Morelia kinghorni
2039:on March 29, 2011
2003:978-0-226-71348-9
1691:Drynaria fortunei
1662:978-0-88192-422-0
1475:10.1111/jse.12229
1290:Yangjie coal mine
1286:Sanying Formation
1215:A basket fern in
1193:Drynaria fortunei
1156:
1146:
1136:
1126:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
892:
882:
872:
862:
852:
842:
832:
827:Aglaomorpha bonii
822:
764:water-borne fungi
716:Morelia kinghorni
577:meristematic cell
477:Basket ferns are
376:Basket ferns are
343:in the subfamily
328:
327:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
274:
240:
3199:
3187:Medicinal plants
3157:
3156:
3144:
3143:
3131:
3130:
3118:
3117:
3105:
3104:
3092:
3091:
3079:
3078:
3066:
3065:
3053:
3052:
3040:
3039:
3027:
3026:
3014:
3013:
3001:
3000:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2973:
2972:
2971:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2893:
2892:
2880:
2879:
2867:
2866:
2857:
2856:
2844:
2843:
2831:
2830:
2818:
2817:
2805:
2804:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2778:
2766:
2765:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2701:
2700:
2688:
2687:
2678:
2677:
2676:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2631:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2607:. Archived from
2582:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2533:
2520:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2488:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2402:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2372:
2361:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2335:
2324:
2315:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2256:
2250:
2249:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2082:
2068:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2038:
2023:
2014:
2008:
2007:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1973:on April 6, 2012
1972:
1966:. Archived from
1933:
1920:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1887:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1799:. Archived from
1768:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1682:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1625:
1619:
1618:
1606:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1570:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1550:
1526:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1457:
1292:of China. Named
1177:, Thailand, and
1154:
1144:
1134:
1124:
1114:
1104:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1015:(Brause) C. Chr.
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
964:
954:
944:
934:
924:
914:
904:
890:
880:
870:
860:
850:
840:
830:
820:
746:A. rigidula
725:A. rigidula
721:A. rigidula
386:medicinal plants
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
238:
141:
140:
116:
106:
36:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
3207:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3167:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3152:
3147:
3139:
3134:
3126:
3121:
3113:
3108:
3100:
3095:
3087:
3082:
3074:
3069:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3043:
3035:
3030:
3022:
3017:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2967:
2966:
2961:
2948:
2940:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2888:
2883:
2875:
2870:
2862:
2860:
2852:
2847:
2839:
2834:
2826:
2821:
2813:
2808:
2800:
2795:
2787:
2782:
2774:
2769:
2761:
2756:
2748:
2743:
2735:
2730:
2722:
2717:
2709:
2704:
2696:
2691:
2683:
2681:
2672:
2671:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2638:
2628:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2560:
2558:
2531:
2521:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2489:
2485:
2475:
2473:
2466:"Pakpak lawin:
2462:
2458:
2451:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2400:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2359:
2353:
2349:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2302:
2300:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2257:
2253:
2246:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2195:
2174:Acta Mycologica
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2131:
2121:
2119:
2115:
2100:
2094:
2090:
2080:
2078:
2066:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2021:
2015:
2011:
2004:
1990:
1986:
1976:
1974:
1970:
1956:10.2307/2387739
1931:
1921:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1874:
1872:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1777:Propagation of
1769:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1683:
1670:
1663:
1647:
1643:
1626:
1622:
1615:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1582:
1580:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1548:
1546:
1527:
1520:
1511:
1509:
1496:
1495:
1491:
1458:
1445:
1440:
1433:β rockcap ferns
1409:
1266:
1254:New South Wales
1209:
1163:
1125:(J. Sm.) Copel.
935:(Brause) Copel.
805:
772:
614:
590:), and female (
499:
475:
394:
237:
135:
107:
105:
104:
103:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
42:
31:
30:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3205:
3195:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3158:
3154:wfo-4000000954
3145:
3132:
3119:
3106:
3093:
3080:
3067:
3054:
3041:
3028:
3015:
3002:
2989:
2974:
2958:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2942:wfo-4000012640
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2702:
2689:
2679:
2664:
2648:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2626:
2625:
2568:
2510:
2483:
2456:
2449:
2429:
2384:
2347:
2310:
2279:
2251:
2244:
2224:
2193:
2156:
2129:
2088:
2050:
2009:
2002:
1984:
1912:
1882:
1814:
1754:
1728:
1668:
1661:
1641:
1620:
1613:
1590:
1556:
1518:
1489:
1468:(6): 563β603.
1442:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1418:
1408:
1405:
1342:Czech Republic
1265:
1262:
1232:A. roosii
1208:
1205:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1157:
1147:
1137:
1127:
1117:
1107:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1027:
1017:
1007:
997:
987:
977:
967:
957:
947:
937:
927:
925:(Kunze) Copel.
917:
907:
893:
883:
873:
863:
853:
843:
833:
823:
804:
801:
778:of the family
771:
770:Classification
768:
701:In Australia,
613:
610:
565:chlorophyllous
537:multicellular
529:multicellular
498:
495:
474:
471:
393:
390:
347:of the family
326:
325:
324:
323:
315:
310:Pseudodrynaria
307:
299:
291:
283:
275:
270:Christiopteris
264:
263:
257:
256:
247:
246:
242:
241:
230:
226:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
206:
205:
200:
196:
195:
190:
186:
185:
183:Polypodiopsida
180:
176:
175:
173:Polypodiophyta
170:
166:
165:
160:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
129:
128:
118:
117:
109:
108:
100:
99:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
53:
48:
43:
38:
28:
16:Genus of ferns
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3204:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3085:
3081:
3077:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2994:
2990:
2985:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2964:
2960:
2959:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2855:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2716:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2680:
2675:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2654:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2632:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2528:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2498:
2496:
2487:
2471:
2469:
2460:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2399:
2397:
2388:
2369:
2365:
2358:
2351:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2298:
2296:
2292:
2283:
2269:on 2017-09-02
2268:
2264:
2263:
2255:
2247:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2169:
2160:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2099:
2092:
2076:
2072:
2065:
2063:
2054:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2013:
2005:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1930:
1928:
1919:
1917:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1819:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1761:
1759:
1742:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1664:
1658:
1654:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1624:
1616:
1614:0-907649-84-X
1610:
1603:
1602:
1594:
1578:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1534:
1525:
1523:
1507:
1503:
1501:
1493:
1485:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1456:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1419:
1416:
1415:
1411:
1410:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:D. callispora
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1314:fossil record
1310:
1308:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1296:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1058:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1008:
1003:
1002:
998:
993:
992:
988:
983:
982:
978:
973:
972:
968:
963:
962:
958:
953:
952:
948:
943:
942:
938:
933:
932:
928:
923:
922:
918:
913:
912:
908:
903:
902:
898:
894:
889:
888:
884:
879:
878:
874:
869:
868:
864:
859:
858:
854:
849:
848:
844:
839:
838:
834:
829:
828:
824:
819:
818:
814:
813:
812:
810:
800:
798:
795:
791:
790:
785:
781:
780:Polypodiaceae
777:
776:Drynarioideae
767:
765:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
740:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
717:
712:
711:
706:
705:
699:
697:
693:
692:
687:
683:
679:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
655:
650:
649:
644:
640:
633:
630:
626:
622:
618:
609:
607:
603:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
584:Polypodiaceae
580:
578:
575:
570:
566:
562:
560:
555:
550:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
508:
503:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
470:
468:
463:
461:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
408:
404:
403:
398:
389:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
371:circumscribed
368:
364:
360:
359:
354:
350:
349:Polypodiaceae
346:
345:Drynarioideae
342:
338:
334:
333:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
302:Photinopteris
300:
295:
294:Merinthosorus
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
271:
268:
267:
265:
262:
258:
255:
254:
248:
243:
236:
235:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:Drynarioideae
221:
218:
217:
214:
213:Polypodiaceae
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:Polypodiineae
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
187:
184:
181:
178:
177:
174:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:Tracheophytes
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
139:
134:
130:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
41:
34:
26:
22:
19:
2953:
2643:
2616:. Retrieved
2609:the original
2588:
2584:
2571:
2559:. Retrieved
2539:
2535:
2526:
2501:. Retrieved
2494:
2486:
2474:. Retrieved
2467:
2459:
2439:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2411:(2): 61β68.
2408:
2404:
2395:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2368:the original
2363:
2350:
2338:. Retrieved
2331:the original
2326:
2313:
2301:. Retrieved
2294:
2290:
2282:
2271:. Retrieved
2267:the original
2261:
2254:
2234:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2211:the original
2204:
2196:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2143:the original
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2113:the original
2108:
2104:
2091:
2079:. Retrieved
2077:(2): 252β260
2074:
2070:
2061:
2053:
2041:. Retrieved
2034:the original
2029:
2026:Cunninghamia
2025:
2012:
1993:
1987:
1975:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1939:
1935:
1926:
1903:. Retrieved
1898:
1894:
1885:
1873:. Retrieved
1837:
1833:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:the original
1788:
1784:
1778:
1774:
1745:. Retrieved
1741:(Bory) J.Sm"
1738:
1731:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1651:
1644:
1630:
1623:
1600:
1593:
1581:. Retrieved
1579:(3): 109β141
1576:
1572:
1559:
1547:. Retrieved
1543:the original
1536:
1532:
1510:. Retrieved
1505:
1499:
1492:
1465:
1461:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1398:
1387:Late Miocene
1382:
1378:
1374:
1371:Kursk Oblast
1369:boundary of
1356:
1354:
1345:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1293:
1277:
1269:
1267:
1258:habitat loss
1245:
1244:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1225:
1207:Conservation
1196:
1192:
1187:illegitimate
1182:
1166:
1164:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1119:
1109:
1099:
1089:
1079:
1069:
1059:
1049:
1039:
1029:
1019:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
909:
900:
896:
885:
875:
865:
855:
845:
835:
825:
815:
808:
806:
796:
787:
783:
773:
759:
753:
749:
745:
729:
724:
720:
714:
708:
702:
700:
695:
689:
675:
652:
646:
638:
637:
628:
601:
600:
581:
558:
553:
552:The synonym
551:
518:
512:
506:
476:
464:
456:
437:
429:
400:
375:
367:basket ferns
366:
362:
357:
356:
331:
330:
329:
317:
309:
301:
293:
286:Dryostachyum
285:
277:
269:
250:
233:
232:
193:Polypodiales
156:
121:
24:
18:
3192:Fern genera
3177:Aglaomorpha
3058:iNaturalist
2984:Aglaomorpha
2978:Wikispecies
2954:Aglaomorpha
2810:iNaturalist
2668:Wikispecies
1689:Culture of
1537:Platycerium
1500:Aglaomorpha
1414:Platycerium
1350:Matoniaceae
1334:D. tumulosa
1302:age of the
1270:Aglaomorpha
1246:Aglaomorpha
1228:Aglaomorpha
1226:Species of
1167:Aglaomorpha
897:Aglaomorpha
797:Aglaomorpha
784:Aglaomorpha
760:Aglaomorpha
750:Aglaomorpha
671:amino acids
639:Aglaomorpha
623:feeding on
602:Aglaomorpha
592:archegonium
588:antheridium
539:gametophyte
519:Aglaomorpha
513:Like other
487:rainforests
392:Description
363:Aglaomorpha
361:to include
332:Aglaomorpha
234:Aglaomorpha
219:Subfamily:
25:Aglaomorpha
3171:Categories
2273:2019-08-14
1936:Biotropica
1927:Polypodium
1512:2019-08-14
1438:References
1430:Polypodium
1338:Cenomanian
1300:Piacenzian
1250:endangered
1242:industry.
789:Polypodium
686:hydathodes
654:Polypodium
648:Polybotrya
543:prothallus
531:sporophyte
497:Life cycle
199:Suborder:
169:Division:
35:to Present
33:Piacenzian
3182:Epiphytes
3141:100394563
2828:1003449-2
2732:FloraBase
2585:Brittonia
2556:0034-6667
1862:0006-8101
1797:0975-2773
1715:1475-2689
1422:Asplenium
1395:Indonesia
1391:Palembang
1367:Oligocene
1361:from the
1352:instead.
1336:from the
1221:Australia
736:Norwegian
663:nectaries
574:obconical
483:epipetric
479:epiphytic
382:epipetric
378:epiphytic
321:Copel.
313:C.Chr.
297:Copel.
273:Copel.
146:Kingdom:
3136:Tropicos
3076:326162-2
2998:51349986
2969:Q4692851
2963:Wikidata
2929:40036020
2924:Tropicos
2763:Drynaria
2674:Drynaria
2659:Q3020925
2653:Wikidata
2644:Drynaria
2618:July 31,
2605:23364840
2561:July 30,
2527:Drynaria
2503:July 31,
2476:July 27,
2422:July 28,
2377:July 31,
2340:July 31,
2327:Helvetas
2303:July 30,
2295:Dipsacus
2291:Drynaria
2217:July 27,
2205:Drynaria
2149:July 31,
2122:July 30,
2081:July 30,
2043:July 30,
1977:July 28,
1905:July 31,
1875:July 31,
1870:12733899
1807:July 31,
1775:In Vitro
1747:July 27,
1739:Drynaria
1723:10349428
1687:In Vitro
1583:July 28,
1549:July 27,
1533:Drynaria
1484:39980610
1407:See also
1375:Drynaria
1346:D. durum
1324:include
1322:Drynaria
1304:Pliocene
1278:Drynaria
901:dumicola
794:subgenus
739:explorer
606:apospory
569:rhizoids
559:Drynaria
554:Drynaria
507:Drynaria
467:rhizomes
358:Drynaria
318:Thayeria
305:J.Sm.
289:J.Sm.
281:J.Sm.
278:Drynaria
261:Synonyms
245:Species
209:Family:
3089:1374264
3037:3229316
2841:1323794
2789:7126669
2724:6117729
2525:"A new
1964:2387739
1944:Bibcode
1842:Bibcode
1502:Schott"
1340:of the
1330:D. dura
1318:fossils
1288:of the
1190:synonym
1175:Vietnam
803:Species
612:Ecology
596:gametes
535:haploid
527:diploid
444:pinnate
422:abaxial
420:on the
351:. The
229:Genus:
189:Order:
179:Class:
150:Plantae
124:at the
101:↓
3102:187339
3063:125298
3024:100817
3011:100817
2898:PLANTS
2890:319884
2877:888714
2861:NZOR:
2854:187348
2815:142580
2776:110984
2750:110984
2698:100975
2685:201407
2682:APDB:
2603:
2554:
2447:
2242:
2105:Iguana
2000:
1962:
1868:
1860:
1795:
1721:
1713:
1659:
1611:
1535:&
1482:
1363:Eocene
1344:; and
1332:, and
1282:fossil
985:Schott
841:Copel.
667:sugars
659:nectar
643:genera
625:nectar
547:spores
452:spores
440:fronds
407:fronds
239:Schott
3115:41522
3084:IRMNG
2903:DRYNA
2836:IRMNG
2758:FoAO2
2737:20893
2711:8RYNS
2612:(PDF)
2601:S2CID
2581:(PDF)
2532:(PDF)
2470:Linn"
2401:(PDF)
2371:(PDF)
2360:(PDF)
2334:(PDF)
2323:(PDF)
2116:(PDF)
2101:(PDF)
2067:(PDF)
2037:(PDF)
2022:(PDF)
1971:(PDF)
1960:JSTOR
1932:(PDF)
1866:S2CID
1830:(PDF)
1719:S2CID
1605:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1480:S2CID
1307:epoch
1274:PPG I
682:spore
632:frond
505:The "
491:South
460:humus
426:frond
369:. As
341:ferns
337:genus
335:is a
157:Clade
3123:POWO
3097:NCBI
3071:IPNI
3045:GRIN
3032:GBIF
2993:APNI
2911:POWO
2849:NCBI
2823:IPNI
2802:4007
2797:GRIN
2784:GBIF
2693:APNI
2620:2011
2563:2011
2552:ISSN
2505:2011
2478:2011
2445:ISBN
2424:2011
2379:2011
2342:2011
2305:2011
2293:and
2240:ISBN
2219:2011
2151:2011
2124:2011
2083:2011
2045:2011
1998:ISBN
1979:2011
1907:2011
1877:2011
1858:ISSN
1809:2011
1793:ISSN
1749:2011
1711:ISSN
1657:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1585:2011
1551:2011
1312:The
1234:and
1179:Laos
678:ants
669:and
651:and
621:Ants
561:type
448:sori
418:Sori
253:text
251:See
40:Preκ
3149:WFO
3050:303
3019:FoC
3006:FNA
2937:WFO
2771:FoC
2745:FNA
2719:EoL
2706:CoL
2593:doi
2544:doi
2540:164
2413:doi
2182:doi
1952:doi
1850:doi
1703:doi
1470:doi
1272:in
428:of
380:or
339:of
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3151::
3138::
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3112::
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2874::
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2670::
2655::
2599:.
2589:59
2587:.
2583:.
2550:.
2538:.
2534:.
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2407:.
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2362:.
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2178:44
2176:.
2172:.
2170:)"
2109:14
2107:.
2103:.
2073:.
2069:.
2028:.
2024:.
1958:.
1950:.
1940:14
1938:.
1934:.
1915:^
1899:10
1897:.
1893:.
1864:.
1856:.
1848:.
1838:37
1836:.
1832:.
1817:^
1787:.
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1757:^
1717:.
1709:.
1699:43
1697:.
1671:^
1577:46
1575:.
1571:.
1521:^
1504:.
1478:.
1466:54
1464:.
1446:^
1393:,
1328:,
1219:,
1203:.
899:Γ
799:.
766:.
673:.
594:)
517:,
388:.
159::
90:Pg
2622:.
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2565:.
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2507:.
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2480:.
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2307:.
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2248:.
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2190:.
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2153:.
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1981:.
1954::
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1909:.
1879:.
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1486:.
1472::
1365:-
634:.
434:.
95:N
85:K
80:J
75:T
70:P
65:C
60:D
55:S
50:O
45:κ
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