Australian history wars

1655:. Bolt then challenged Manne to produce ten cases in which the evidence justified the claim that children were "stolen" as opposed to having been removed for reasons such as neglect, abuse, abandonment, etc. He argued that Manne did not respond and that this was an indication of unreliability of the claim that there was policy of systematic removal. In reply, Manne stated that he supplied a documented list of 250 names Bolt stated that prior to a debate, Manne provided him with a list of 12 names that he was able to show during the debate was "a list of people abandoned, saved from abuse or voluntarily given up by their parents"; and that during the actual debate, Manne produced a list of 250 names without any details or documentation as to their circumstances. Bolt also stated that he was subsequently able to identify and ascertain the history of some of those on the list and was unable to find a case where there was evidence to justify the term "stolen". He stated that one of the names on the list of allegedly stolen children was 13-year-old Dolly, taken into the care of the State after being "found seven months pregnant and penniless, working for nothing on a station". 1906:, S.G. Foster examined some of the evidence that Windschuttle presented on one issue, Stanner's notion of the "Great Australian Silence". In Foster's opinion, the evidence produced by Windschuttle did not prove his case that the "Great Australian Silence" was largely a myth. Windschuttle argues that, in the years prior to Stanner's 1968 Boyer lecture, Australian historians had not been silent on the Aboriginal people although, in most cases, the historians' "discussions were not to Stanner's taste" and the Aboriginal people "might not have been treated in the way Reynolds and his colleagues would have liked". Foster argues that Windschuttle is "merciless with those who get their facts wrong" and that the fact that Windschuttle has also made a mistake means that he did not meet the criteria that he used to assess 'orthodox historians' he was arguing against and whom he accused of deliberately and extensively misrepresenting, misquoting, exaggerating and fabricating evidence relating to the level and nature of violent conflict between Aboriginal people and white settlers. 1838:

Tasmanian Aboriginal population was devastated by a lethal cocktail of introduced diseases to which they had little or no resistance due to their isolation from the mainland and the rest of humanity for thousands of years. The deaths and infertility caused by these introduced diseases, combined with the deaths from what violent conflict there was, rapidly decimated the relatively small Aboriginal population. Windschuttle also examined the nature of those violent episodes that did occur and concluded that there is no credible evidence of warfare over territory. Windschuttle argues that the primary source of conflict between the British and the Indigenous Australians was raids by Indigenous Australians, often involving violent attacks on settlers, to acquire goods (such as blankets, metal implements and 'exotic' foods) from the British. With this and with a detailed examination of footnotes in and evidence cited by the earlier historical works, he criticises the claims by historians such as

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is a rival view, which I call the Black Armband view of history. In recent years it has assailed the optimistic view of history. The black armbands were quietly worn in official circles in 1988. The multicultural folk busily preached their message that until they arrived much of Australian history was a disgrace. The past treatment of Aboriginal people, of Chinese, of Kanakas, of non-British migrants, of women, the very old, the very young, and the poor was singled out, sometimes legitimately, sometimes not. My friend and undergraduate teacher Manning Clark, who was almost the official historian in 1988, had done much to spread the gloomy view and also the compassionate view with his powerful prose and Old Testament phrases. The Black Armband view of history might well represent the swing of the pendulum from a position that had been too favourable, too self-congratulatory, to an opposite extreme that is even more unreal and decidedly jaundiced.

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Windschuttle said that reviewing Moran's book inspired his own examination of the wider historical record. Windschuttle argues that much of Australian Aboriginal history, particularly as written since the late 1970s, was based on the use of questionable or unreliable evidence and on deliberate misrepresentation and fabrication of historical evidence. He based his conclusions on his examination of the evidence cited in previous historical accounts and reported incidences of non-existent documents being cited, misquoting and misleadingly selective quoting from documents and of documents being cited as evidence that certain events took place when his examination concluded that they do not support those claims. Windschuttle reported his conclusions in a number of articles published in Quadrant and in 2002, he published a book,

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were to take possession of the land for the British Crown; and the early governors made numerous grants to settlers and ex-convicts of the “crown land” so obtained, thus turning Aboriginal hunting grounds into farming and grazing properties. If this had always been their intention, then the British were in effect committed to whatever level of lethal violence was necessary to make the Indigenous Australians accept the loss of significant parts of their land. If, by accident, deaths from disease occurred first, and in such numbers as to leave little need for military violence, then it is possible to argue, as the historian Tony Barta does, that this accident merely spared the British the guilt of inflicting violence, not the guilt of intending it.

1326:. Barta, an Australian expert in German history, argued from Lemkin that, "there is no dispute that the basic fact of Australian history is the appropriation of the continent by an invading people and the dispossession, with ruthless destructiveness, of another". Docker argues that, "we ignore Lemkin's wide-ranging definition of genocide, inherently linked with colonialism, at our peril". Curthoys argues that the separation between international and local Australian approaches has been deleterious. While calling for "a more robust exchange between genocide and Tasmanian historical scholarship", her own view is that the Tasmanian instance constitutes a "case for genocide, though not of state planning, mass killing, or extinction". 5959: 624: 1862:

in that Reynolds quoted only from those responses that could be construed as advocating "extermination", "extinction", and "extirpation" and failed to mention other responses to the survey, which indicated that a majority of respondents rejected genocide, were sympathetic to the plight of the Aboriginal people, feared that conflict arising from Aboriginal attacks upon settlers would result in the extinction of the Tasmanian Aboriginal people and advocated the adoption of courses of action to prevent this happening.

55: 1637:. An Australian Federal Government submission has questioned the conduct of the Commission which produced the report, arguing that the Commission failed to critically appraise or test the claims on which it based the report and failed to distinguish between those separated from their families "with and without consent, and with and without good reason". Not only has the number of children removed from their parents been questioned, but also the intent and effects of the government policy. 8934: 10631: 9647: 1275:... out, and in their pioneering had, of necessity, to use extreme measures to the inhabitants of the soil. The aboriginal, no doubt, had been shot down; no one denied it ... this race was being worked off the face of the earth. That that was so everyone knew, and that it must be so, none would deny ... For his own part he did not believe that the aboriginal race was worth preserving. If there were no aboriginals it would be a very good thing 2081:

be dropped for "since the beginning of the Dreaming/s" as it "reflects the beliefs of many Indigenous Australians that they have always been in Australia, from the beginning of time" and because "many Indigenous Australians see this sort of measurement and quantifying as inappropriate". While some commentators considered the guidelines appropriate, others categorised them as political correctness that was an anathema to learning and scholarship.

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achievement and that we have achieved much more as a nation of which we can be proud than of which we should be ashamed. In saying that I do not exclude or ignore specific aspects of our past where we are rightly held to account. Injustices were done in Australia and no-one should obscure or minimise them. ... But ... our priority should ... to commit to a practical program of action that will remove the enduring legacies of disadvantage.

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intention, of a significant proportion of late 19th-century and early 20th-century white Australians to see the Aboriginal "race" eliminated. Documents include published letters to the editors of high-circulation newspapers. Certainly this was the case in Queensland, in terms of Indigenous people the most populated section of Australia and certainly the colony with the most violent frontier. In June 1866 Sir

10641: 1584:’s administration who maintain that Phillip tried conscientiously to follow his orders to “live in amity and kindness with them ”. Some would also argue that his belief that Britain's literate culture, scientific technologies, and agricultural and administrative skills would create space, prosperity and an improved life for both races was not necessarily insincere, even if it was seriously misguided. 1498:

Hunter who believe the disease was in fact chickenpox have taken pains to make clear that they are not thereby seeking to minimize the huge pain and devastation suffered by Indigenous Australians. An example is Barry Wright's 1988 statement, “I believe ... that an introduced epidemic of chickenpox not smallpox swept through the tribes, its effects every bit as deadly as if it had been smallpox.”

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violent". Janine Roberts has argued that genocide was Australian policy, even if only by omission. She notes that despite contemporary newspapers regularly decrying "the barbarous crop of exterminators", and "a system of native slaughter ... merciless and complete", the government contended that "no illegal acts were occurring", with the worst incidents being described as merely "indiscretions".

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discussed of the introduced diseases that destroyed much of the Aboriginal population in the decades after British settlement of Australia began in 1788. Such diseases may have prevented Indigenous Australians from offering serious resistance to the British colonists; and also sometimes gave later colonists the illusion of entering an empty or unowned land.

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time, too, to go beyond the view that we should only celebrate the reformers, the renegades and revolutionaries, thus neglecting or even deriding the great stories of our explorers, of our pioneers, and of our entrepreneurs. Any truthful reflection of our nation's past is that these are all part of the rich fabric of our remarkable story ...

1318:, who takes events in other regions of colonial Australia as marked by "genocidal moments", argues that the records show that British administrative policy in Tasmania was explicitly concerned to avoid extermination. However, in practice, the activities of British people on the ground led to virtual extinction. Tony Barta, John Docker and 1430:, a disease that rarely kills Europeans but can produce similar symptoms and create quite high mortality among populations that have no inherited immunity to it. In the case of the 1830 outbreak, there was active debate among the surgeons, at the time and for some decades after, as to whether the disease was smallpox or chickenpox. 1256:): "The desire for progressive advancement and substantial prosperity is, after all, stronger than sentimental dislike to the extinction of a savage and useless race". Classifying Indigenous Australians as a useless or unimprovable race was common. Debating the native police and the frontier in public in 1880 in the columns of 8403: 1494:

but their professional work involves practicing (and teaching their students) methods of objective scholarly research. Hence, they are often wary of arousing passions or moralizing upon uncertain data. Some, like Carmody and Hunter, have warned explicitly that the History Wars may be a threat to impartial research.

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examine fully its own past, and the dynamic of its history—with truthfulness, sobriety and balance. This extends into covering present-day controversial issues." While the report concluded that there was no systemic bias, it recommended that there be more recognition in the exhibits of European achievements.

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created a brief media uproar. Amongst the advised language changes, they recommended "settlement" be replaced by "invasion", "colonisation" or "occupation". They also deemed that the generally accepted anthropological assumption that "Aboriginal people have lived in Australia for 40,000 years" should

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Even so, the British must have been aware that their ships would bring venereal and other diseases to the Indigenous Australians. Against that, these diseases, and most others, would likely have reached the Indigenous Australians in any case, with the increasing arrival of sealers and whalers of many

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One possible explanation of the 1789 outbreak (that smallpox was deliberately introduced to Australia by the British as a form of germ warfare against the Indigenous Australians) would make it a central issue in the History Wars. Yet the nature and origin of the 1789 outbreak is far from clear. There

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wrote further on the topic of genocide. He wrote that Lemkin considered genocide to encompass more than mass killings but also acts like "driv the original inhabitants off the land ... confin them in reserves, where policies of deliberate neglect may be used to reduce their numbers ... Tak Indigenous

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Windschuttle argues that, in order to advance the 'deliberate genocide' argument, Reynolds has misused source documentation, including that from British colonist sources, by quoting out of context. In particular, he accuses Reynolds of selectively quoting from responses to an 1830 survey in Tasmania

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Such moral arguments resemble some of those that occur in the genocide debate in the History Wars. Some academics are wary of overemphasising the impact of diseases, for fear that the notion of unforeseeable epidemics may provide an easy way of excusing what happened to the Indigenous Australians—as

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Not all such hypothetical arguments tend to exculpate the British. It is often said that the number of Indigenous Australians actually killed by British weapons was small or very small beside the number killed by diseases that the British fleets brought. However Governor Phillip's clear instructions

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It is difficult to be certain how much the History Wars have influenced research into these theories. The issues involved certainly invite moral and political controversy, and may rouse partisan feelings. To believe that the success of the 1788 settlement in Sydney depended on an act of germ warfare

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had arrived, then again four decades later in 1830, and then in an extended outbreak in the 1860s which seems to have begun in Northern Australia, though it spread within some three years as far south as the Great Australian Bight. The historian Judy Campbell remarks, "between 1780 and 1870 smallpox

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disagree and think that no genocide took place. Minogue does not try to define genocide but argues that its use is an extreme manifestation of the guilt felt by modern Australian society about the past misconduct of their society to Indigenous Australians. In his opinion its use reflects the process

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Much of the debate on whether European colonisation of Australia resulted in genocide, centres on whether "the term 'genocide' only applies to cases of deliberate mass killings of Aboriginal people by European settlers, or ... might also apply to instances in which many Aboriginal people were killed

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in Western Australia. Moran concluded that the massacre was a myth inspired by the false claims of a missionary (possibly as a result of mental health issues). The principal historian of the Forrest River massacre, Neville Green, describes the massacre as probable but not able to be proven in court.

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Time to leave behind us the polarisation that began to infect our every discussion of our nation's past. To go beyond the so-called "black arm" view that refused to confront some hard truths about our past, as if our forebears were all men and women of absolute nobility, without spot or blemish. But

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To some extent my generation was reared on the Three Cheers view of history. This patriotic view of our past had a long run. It saw Australian history as largely a success. While the convict era was a source of shame or unease, nearly everything that came after was believed to be pretty good. There

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Most historians steer wide of such potentially ad hominem debates, which means that some of the moral issues relevant to the History Wars have not been fully argued through. Many would agree that the British, once they resolved to establish the Sydney settlement, had at the least a duty of care not

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Those, like Butlin and Warren, who believe that the 1789 disease was smallpox, and perhaps deliberately released, have argued temperately, sometimes suggesting that this might have been the work of rogue elements rather than of the surgeons or of Governor Phillip. Conversely, those like Carmody and

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The debate had therefore changed from an argument over whether there was an excessive focus on negative aspects of Australian history to one over to what extent, if at all, Australian Aboriginal history had been based on questionable evidence or had been falsified or fabricated and whether this had

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argued that whilst there was much that is worth preserving in the cultural heritage of non-Aboriginal Australia, "To say that ordinary Australians who are part of the national community today do not have any connection with the shameful aspects of our past is at odds with our exhortations that they

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it was announced that a second volume, to be published in 2003, would cover claims of frontier violence in New South Wales and Queensland, and a third, in 2004, would cover Western Australia. On 9 February 2008, however, it was announced that the second volume, anticipated to be published later in

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The report also identified instances of official misrepresentation and deception, such as when caring and able parents were incorrectly described by Aboriginal Protection Officers as not being able to properly provide for their children, or when parents were told by government officials that their

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Despite these uncertainties, the debate has been mainly a respectful and co-operative exchange between experts in differing disciplines, and it has occurred quite largely so far in academic publications rather than at media or tabloid level. Academics are not immune to ideologies or combativeness;

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A fairly lengthy review of the “smallpox” debate by Robert Barnes in 2009 revealed (like Cumpston's extensive earlier review in 1914) how often historians (including Barnes himself) have hesitated between opposing viewpoints. Summing up the debate in 2021, the historian Peter Dowling wrote in 2021

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traders in the 1780s moved inexorably on, mainly along Aboriginal trade routes, till it reached Sydney. They may also find the chickenpox theory acceptable, because, although it accepts that the First Fleet brought the epidemic, there would be no malice involved. (The chickenpox virus never leaves

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rejects as absurd the notion that the British would have wished to infect their new colony with a disease they dreaded.) A further problem is to explain how the colonists were able to infect Indigenous Australians with a disease that seems not to have existed among themselves. However, it has been

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However, this theory has some problems to solve. First is the question as to why no European colonists caught smallpox in 1789 (although two non-Europeans living in the colony caught it and died). There is also the problem of explaining how the perpetrators could know in advance that this would be

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Broadly, there are three alternative explanations, for which appropriate scholarly evidence has been offered, of the 1789 outbreak (and perhaps also of the two later outbreaks). The first is that the disease was smallpox (Variola major or Variola minor), which was already present in the islands of

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in Australia is of uncertain origin and is a major theme in the history wars. The lack of immunity among Aboriginal Australians to introduced diseases saw smallpox or some related disease inflict a devastating toll in 1789 upon the Aboriginal population near Sydney. This outbreak has been the most

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by arguing that it was the Conservative Australian parties who had been barriers to national progress and excessively loyal to the British Empire. He accused Britain of having abandoned Australia during World War II. Keating was a staunch advocate of a symbolic apology to indigenous people for the

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argued that the left had exaggerated the harms done to Indigenous Australians, that stories of abuses of Indigenous people were undermining Australia's coherent identity, and that contemporary Australians did not feel responsible for abuses committed in the past. Much of the public controversy was

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and guerrilla warfare between European settlers and Indigenous Australians involving numerous clashes between Aboriginal people and the new settlers as a result of the former's food gathering practices being at odds with new land-use practices based on agriculture and capitalism, a situation which

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was not commonly accepted. Also, even if the British had fully understood the reasons why isolated populations are vulnerable, they had in the 1780s no certain way of knowing how thinly-populated Australia's inland regions were, and hence how isolated the southern Indigenous Australians might be.

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All three explanations have their strong points, and their difficulties; and each has different implications for the History Wars debate. None of them necessarily frees the settlers from blame. A variant of the third scenario in which it is supposed that the British deliberately released smallpox

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People were still so numerous that some historians believe they might have been able to destroy the new British colony. Though venereal disease and possibly other diseases struck first, smallpox was the first disease that is recorded as seriously lowering the population of Indigenous Australians.

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Every method of dealing with these very dangerous savages has been tried, and I believe no more satisfactory system can be devised than that under which the people of Queensland endeavour to deal with a difficulty which it is feared can never terminate except with the gradual disappearance of the

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had been virtually ignored. He saw this as a structural and deliberate process to omit "several hundred thousand Aboriginal people who lived and died between 1788 and 1938 ... (who were but) ... negative facts of history and ... were in no way consequential for the modern period". A new strand of

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Others have pointed to the dramatic reduction in the Tasmanian Aboriginal population in the 19th century and the forced removal of generations of Aboriginal children from their parents during the 20th century as evidence of genocide. The evidence includes documentation of the wish, and sometimes

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Following the change of government and the passage, with support from all parties, of a Parliamentary apology to indigenous Australians, Professor of Australian Studies Richard Nile argued: "the culture and history wars are over and with them should also go the adversarial nature of intellectual

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The Bolt/Manne debate is a fair sample of the adversarial debating style in the area. There is focus on individual examples as evidence for or against the existence of a policy, and little or no analysis of other documentary evidence such as legislative databases showing how the legal basis for

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view, according to which "nearly everything that came after was believed to be pretty good". Blainey argued that both such accounts of Australian history were inaccurate, saying: "The Black Armband view of history might well represent the swing of the pendulum from a position that had been too

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commissioned a review of the NMA. A potentially controversial issue was in assessing how well the NMA met the criterion that displays should "cover darker historical episodes, and with a gravity that opens the possibility of collective self-accounting. The role here is in helping the nation to

1546:, defended Judy Campbell's theory of overland transmission, and inverted the History Wars argument, claiming that "what keeps the European introduction idea going is the deep need of some members of our society for a foundation myth encapsulating a genocidal imperative in European settlement." 1340:

points out that European colonists and their descendants frequently use expressions that included "extermination", "extinction", and "extirpation" when discussing the treatment of Aboriginal people during the colonial period, and as in his opinion genocide "can take many forms, not all of them

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Yet others, especially on the Right, may be embarrassed or horrified by such a story, and may feel that the reputation of pioneering ancestors needs to be rescued from an unfortunate fashion for national self-denigration. For this group, the most congenial theory might be that smallpox, after

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had misrepresented the child removal at the centre of the story, and offered inaccurate accounts of Molly's journey as it was recounted by her daughter, Doris Pilkington. These claims were subsequently rejected by the makers of the film. As of October 2021, Volumes 2 and 4 have not appeared.

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in Tasmania; he argues that there is credible evidence for the violent deaths of only 118 Tasmanian Indigenous Australians, as having been directly killed by the British, although there were undoubtedly an unquantifiable number of other deaths for which no evidence exists. He argues that the

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system" which allegedly went about "dispersing" any Indigenous groups thought to be a threat to law and order. This police force was poorly resourced, but used Aboriginal trackers to great effect when pursuing alleged criminals. An attempt to scientifically calculate the number of Indigenous

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The 'black armband' view of our history reflects a belief that most Australian history since 1788 has been little more than a disgraceful story of imperialism, exploitation, racism, sexism and other forms of discrimination. ... I believe that the balance sheet of our history is one of heroic

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describing treatment of Aboriginal people as the "most blemished chapter" in Australian history, but he did not make a Parliamentary apology. Howard argued that an apology was inappropriate as it would imply "intergeneration guilt" and said that "practical" measures were a better response to

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controversy in the United States. The book was launched by former prime minister Paul Keating, who took the opportunity to criticise conservative views of Australian history, and those who hold them (such as the then–prime minister John Howard), saying that they suffered from "a failure of

1521:, archaeologist Dr Josephine Flood supported Campbell's thesis and described the idea that the British caused the smallpox epidemic as a 'myth'. In the context of the 'history wars', the claims and counter-claims about Australian history, at least we weren't at fault this time. 1534:

Mear appears to be saying that the incubation period for smallpox, that is, the time between being exposed to another sufferer and the (usually abrupt) appearance of symptoms, is very short. But medical textbooks seem to disagree, saying it averages some 10-12 or 10-14 days.

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but also elsewhere in Australia. Windschuttle's naming of historians whom he accused of misrepresentation and fabrication of the historical evidence, created considerable controversy and produced a range of responses including condemnation of as well as support for his work.

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biases of those who interpret them. One theme is how British or multicultural Australian identity has been in history and today. At the same time the history wars were in play, professional history seemed in decline, and popular writers began reclaiming the field.

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would validate the intense sense of grievance felt by many Indigenous Australians. As well, many non-Indigenous Australians (especially on the Left of Australian politics) feel strongly that the injustices of the past now need to be fully and urgently recognised.

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The idea that smallpox would spread via trade routes is untenable. Anyone suffering smallpox in its early stages was very unwell and unfit to travel any great distance. After eight to nine days, pustules appear on the body's extremities, making it unbearable to

1644:, have questioned the very existence of the Stolen Generation. Bolt stated that it is a "preposterous and obscene" myth and that there was actually no policy in any state or territory at any time for the systematic removal of "half-caste" Aboriginal children. 674:(1996–2007), who sought to establish a new conservative view of Australia that valorised the nation's achievements and was grounded in "Judeo-Christian ethics, the progressive spirit of the enlightenment and the institutions and values of British culture". 896:

was entering the philosophical debate by arguing in response that "John Howard, is guilty of perpetrating 'a fraud' in his so-called culture wars ... designed not to make real change but to mask the damage inflicted by the Government's economic policies".

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Unlike other major diseases, which produced fairly steady mortality, smallpox occurred during the colonial period in three major outbreaks, at longish intervals. Smallpox was first recorded by British observers in April 1789 some 16 months after the

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British awareness of selective vulnerability to disease may also have been derived as much from recent colonies in south and east Asia, where it was often the Europeans, not the native inhabitants, who died in huge numbers from unfamiliar diseases.

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messages encoded on the external structure of the NMA, including "sorry" and "forgive us our genocide" and how they had been covered over by aluminium discs in 2001, and stated that under the new Director "what he calls the 'black T-shirt' view of

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by the reckless or unintended actions and omissions of settlers". Historians such as Tony Barta argue that for the victim group it matters little if they were wiped out as part of a planned attack. If a group is decimated as a result of

1314:, during the European colonisation of Australia can be classified as genocide. According to Mark Levene, most Australian experts are now "considerably more circumspect". In the specific instance of the Tasmanian Indigenous Australians, 3492:

Evans, Raymond & Ørsted–Jensen, Robert: 'I Cannot Say the Numbers that Were Killed': Assessing Violent Mortality on the Queensland Frontier" (paper at AHA 9 July 2014 at University of Queensland) publisher Social Science Research

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to describe views of history which, he believed, posited that "much of Australian history had been a disgrace" and focused mainly on the treatment of minority groups (especially Aboriginal people). He contrasted this with the

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nations to exploit the southern oceans. Some might also argue that if the British had not colonized Australia, other European nations would have done so, and hence the 1789 plague (and others) could at most have been delayed.

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missions, the nature and extent of the removals have been disputed within Australia, with some commentators questioning the findings contained in the report and asserting that the Stolen Generation has been exaggerated. Sir

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in much of the twentieth century stands in stark contrast with the openness with which violence was admitted and discussed in the nineteenth. Reynolds quotes many excerpts from the press, including an article in the

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in Queensland written as late as 1907, by a "pioneer" who described his part in a massacre. Reynolds commented that violence against Aboriginals, far from being hushed up or denied, was openly talked about.

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to expose the Indigenous Australians to deadly diseases. Clearly their settlements did introduce these diseases, even if private whaling and sealing vessels from other nations may also have played a part.

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near Sydney has become the favoured assumption on the radical Aboriginal website National Unity Government. and has been strongly promoted in recent years by the independent scholar Christopher Warren.

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between key figures in the Australian political and media landscapes. The term largely refers to the extent to which the history of European colonisation post-1788 and government administration since

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The report drew the ire of some historians in Australia, who claimed that it was a deliberate attempt on the part of the Government to politicise the museum and move it more towards a position which

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for the number of children in the Stolen Generations as well as the violence of European colonisation, arguing that left-wing scholars had exaggerated these events for their own political purposes.

1959:. This was a study of the background of, and arguments surrounding, recent developments in Australian historiography, and concluded that the History Wars had done damage to the nature of objective 1299:, basing their analysis on previously published histories, present the extinction of the Tasmanian Indigenous Australians as a textbook example of a genocide. The Australian historian of genocide, 1057:, author of the best-known history of Australia, was named by Blainey in his 1993 speech as having "done much to spread the gloomy view and also the compassionate view with his powerful prose and 9289: 8929: 1490:

that: "no one author or theory has in the end prevailed over the others. The question of the origin of the 1789 smallpox epidemic among the Australian Aboriginal people has remained unresolved."

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fault-line at work between historians and medical scientists. Yet the History Wars element in the debate involves issues that are emotional for many Australians; and the “scanty data”, of which

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have created a widespread awareness of how diseases that were almost harmless to Europeans were often deadly to isolated peoples. Yet, at the time, this was less understood; and even the

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is an unusual amount of disagreement, both between well-researched academic studies and also between the best secondary sources, extending even to whether the disease was truly smallpox.

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introduced to Australia by British settlers, or introduced European farming methods causing a group of Indigenous Australians to starve to death, the result is, in his opinion, genocide.

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concerning the historian and the craft of researching and writing history, including issues such as the value and reliability of written records (of the authorities and settlers) and the

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and a Commissioner on the Inquiry, has stated that none of the more than 500 witnesses who appeared before the Inquiry were cross-examined. This has been the basis of criticism by the

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by which Australian society is trying to come to terms with its past wrongs and in doing this Australians are stretching the meaning of genocide to fit within this internal debate.

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argued that Australia's national identity was linked to its treatment of Indigenous people and advocated making amends for past injustices on moral grounds, while those on the

9920: 9815: 1984:, responded to the book by declaring that Macintyre was a partisan history warrior himself, and that "its primary arguments are derived from the pro-Communist polemics of the 1846:

that there was a campaign of guerrilla warfare against British settlement. Particular historians and histories that are challenged include Henry Reynolds and the histories of

813:

Two Australian prime ministers, Paul Keating and John Howard, were major participants in the "wars". According to the analysis for the Australian Parliamentary Library of Dr

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if it was the “germs, not these imperialists themselves, that were chiefly responsible for sweeping aside the indigenes”. Against this, there are defenders of Governor

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Mear then severely criticised Campbell's theories, claiming they were simply implausible because persons infected with smallpox are almost immediately incapacitated:

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the body; so, it would have been carried to Australia unconsciously by colonists, some of whom later suffered a revival of the disease in the still-infectious form

1310:

Among scholars specialising in Australian history much recent debate has focused on whether indeed what happened to groups of Indigenous people, and especially the

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The third explanation is that the disease was indeed smallpox, and that it was brought to south-eastern Australia by European ships, very likely by the British

979:

The "black armband" debate concerns whether or not accounts of Australian history gravitate towards an overly negative or an overly positive point of view. The

9984: 8097: 7948: 7931: 2208: 10481: 9047: 6163: 9274: 2828: 8192: 7405: 4168:

Bennett, Michael J., “Smallpox and Cowpox under the Southern Cross: The Smallpox Epidemic of 1789 and the Advent of Vaccination in Colonial Australia”, in

6214: 5873: 5822: 5319: 4072: 1140:'s "Great Australian Silence", and to "a 'mental block' which prevented Australians from coming to terms with the past". He argued that the silence about 9959: 9486: 9097: 8973: 7175: 1659:

removal varied over time and between jurisdictions, or testimony from those who were called on to implement the policies, which was also recorded in the

1215:

The case for using the term "Australian genocide" rests on evidence from various sources that people argue proves some form of genocide. People cite the

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children to absorb them within their own midst ... assimilation to detach the people from their culture, language and religion, and often their names."

1271:

in 1866–81 and a future Premier, could be heard making the following acknowledgement in a parliamentary speech, saying, yes settlers in the past did go

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Legislative Assembly on 21 October 1880, speech by the member for Mitchell, grazier, businessman, later Premier & Colonial Secretary of Queensland.

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moved an amendment seeking to add compensation to the apology, which was defeated in a vote of 65 to 4, after which the motion was passed unanimously.

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One of the few academics to strongly invoke the History Wars is the historian Craig Mear. In a 2008 article, whose main points he repeated in 2009 on

753:

in 1993 that the telling of Australian history had moved from an unduly positive rendition (the "Three Cheers View") to an unduly negative view (the "

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contemporary Aboriginal disadvantage. Keating has argued for the eradication of remaining symbols linked to British origins: including deference for

743:

published work which they saw as correcting selective historiography that had misrepresented or ignored Indigenous Australian history. The historian

719:

was incomplete. He asserted that Australian national history as documented up to that point had largely been presented in a positive light, but that

1648:

responded that Bolt did not address the documentary evidence demonstrating the existence of the Stolen Generations and that this is a clear case of

1395:

itself was the major single cause of Aboriginal deaths. The consequences of Aboriginal smallpox are an integral part of modern Australian history."

155: 10487: 9964: 9857: 9820: 9621: 8410: 6242:"Mark McKenna, (1997). "Different Perspectives on Black Armband History: Research Paper 5 1997–98". Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary Library" 1420: 1416: 5256: 9800: 9535: 6756: 1996:

said that the book was "a fascinating study of the recent endeavours to rewrite or reinterpret the history of European settlement in Australia".

10119: 2232: 10014: 9598: 9510: 7818: 6241: 2569: 1676:

The new Australian Government elected in 2007 issued an apology similar to those that state governments had issued at or about the time of the

490: 5173:"Review of the National Museum of Australia: Its Exhibitions and Public Programs: A Report to the Council of the National Museum of Australia" 2805: 10676: 10337: 10109: 9969: 9756: 9253: 8008: 4486: 6024: 4809: 3723:, Isidor Wallimann & Michael N. Dobkowski (eds.), New York, Westport, Connecticut, London, Greenwood Press, 1987, pp. 237–251, cited in 2622: 9174: 7779: 6184: 3980: 1685: 1478:

The History Wars need not be the only fault-line in this debate. Professor John Carmody, for instance, has hinted that there may also be a

768:

government from 1996 to 2007, with Prime Minister of Australia John Howard publicly championing the views of some of those associated with

4795:

wrote that a particular text was not used at the University of Sydney or the University of New South Wales when Foster states that it was:

3182: 830:

misdeeds of past governments, and outlined his view of the origins and potential solutions to contemporary Aboriginal disadvantage in his

10096: 9702: 9371: 9073: 8524: 7998: 6221: 1216: 339: 5044: 4515: 10666: 10281: 9949: 9903: 9542: 8839: 8091: 7542: 4042:

Darkiñung Recognition An Analysis of the Historiography for the Aborigines from the Hawkesbury-Hunter Ranges to the Northwest of Sydney

1021:, two of the leading "history warriors", albeit on opposing sides of the debate. The phrase then began to be used by some commentators 230: 150: 78: 4431: 3082: 2962: 1786: 10711: 9898: 9893: 9588: 8258: 5226: 5078: 4601: 2124: 300: 9790: 7521: 5283: 2272:

Meaney, Neville (2001). "Britishness and Australian identity: The problem of nationalism in Australian history and historiography".

1758: 1037:". New interpretations of Australia's history since 1788 were contested for focussing almost exclusively on official and unofficial 10611: 9198: 8897: 7400: 6270: 2746: 1184:

exaggerated the extent of violence against Indigenous Australians. Particular historians and histories that are challenged include

9452: 4483:"Federal Government Submission to the Senate Legal and Constitutional References Committee's 'Inquiry into the Stolen Generation'" 2650: 2591: 1608:, which documented the removal of Aboriginal children from their families by Australian State and Federal government agencies and 10691: 10352: 9827: 9334: 9169: 8983: 8907: 8495: 7596: 2768: 2716: 2159: 106: 9349: 8365: 4377:

Isidor Wallimann & Michael N. Dobkowski (eds.), New York, Westport, Connecticut, London, Greenwood Press, 1987, pp. 237-251.

3573: 10251: 9937: 9925: 9913: 9881: 9795: 9771: 9739: 9727: 9428: 9410: 9361: 9015: 8303: 7606: 6589: 4716: 4686: 1765: 1438: 235: 83: 5473: 10447: 10286: 9697: 8756: 7685: 6152: 6093: 5945: 5937: 5929: 5903: 5888: 5845: 5740: 5721: 5672: 5653: 5630: 5611: 5566: 5507: 5338: 5142: 4228: 3761: 3633: 3581: 3446: 3111: 784:

history curricula. It also migrated into the general Australian media, with regular opinion pieces being published in major

10696: 10432: 10276: 10044: 9583: 9552: 9022: 8953: 8669: 8605: 8583: 8264: 7507: 6787: 5517: 3421: 3129:, 'Mythologies', in Richard Nile , The Australian Legend and Its Discontents, St. Lucia 2000, p. 12,16; and Ferrier, p. 42. 2904: 1929:, with a statement that Volumes 2 and 4 would appear later. Announcing the publication, Windschuttle claimed that the film 1649: 729: 508: 190: 101: 96: 91: 7535: 2259: 1988:". Keith Windschuttle said that Macintyre attempted to "caricature the history debate". In a foreword to the book, former 1423:

and traders around 1780, and that it was then spread, largely along Aboriginal trading routes, to the south of Australia.

10706: 9562: 9340: 9218: 9208: 8998: 8844: 8679: 7881: 7611: 7561: 6303: 3268: 1772: 1689: 428: 165: 130: 9888: 8121: 3613: 3392:. Social Change in the 21st Century Conference; Centre for Social Change Research, Queensland University of Technology. 3162:

Clark, Anna (2002). Nile, Richard (ed.). "History in Black and White: a critical analysis of the Black Armband debate".

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subsequently emerged which gave much greater attention to the negative experiences of Indigenous Australians during the

10442: 9517: 9279: 8642: 8424: 7963: 4202:

Barry Wright, "Aborigines; A Question of Pathogens", in Barry Wright, Daniel Moody & Leon Petchkovsky (eds), 1988,

2853: 1618: 1210: 1105:, contributed to the debate by arguing that black armband events bring people together in common remembrance and cited 586: 483: 8917: 5533: 2472: 1475:.) Much the same would apply to theories that smallpox was accidentally released from the surgeons’ variolation jars. 10686: 10124: 9027: 8993: 8978: 7973: 7813: 7808: 7796: 7259: 5859: 5837: 5812: 5798: 5784: 5770: 5585: 5436: 4959: 3360: 3340: 3228: 3008: 2353: 1805: 363: 280: 9081: 8064: 2218: 1754: 10024: 9650: 9366: 9042: 9005: 8878: 8749: 7579: 7574: 7233: 5540:. Debates on "Genocide" in Australian History. Australian Government Department of Education Science and Training. 5524:. Debates on "Genocide" in Australian History. Australian Government Department of Education Science and Training. 2154: 2065: 305: 285: 240: 220: 200: 125: 9203: 9149: 9010: 7569: 7410: 6143:

Windschuttle, Keith (2009). "Postmodernism and the Fabrication of Aboriginal History". In Horowitz, Irving (ed.).

3142:. "White Blindfolds and Black Armbands: The uses of whiteness theory for reading Australian cultural production". 10644: 10066: 9109: 9091: 8924: 8615: 7584: 7437: 6967: 6585: 523:, and despite efforts by some of Howard's successors, the debate is ongoing, notably reignited in 2016 and 2020. 170: 145: 7926: 3221:

Massacre myth: an investigation into allegations concerning the mass murder of Aborigines at Forrest River, 1926

2411: 10246: 10238: 10201: 10183: 10004: 9837: 9692: 9547: 9495: 9468: 9230: 8827: 8625: 8436: 8291: 8003: 7958: 7943: 7467: 5691: 5204: 4407: 2092: 1427: 1004:

favourable, too self-congratulatory, to an opposite extreme that is even more unreal and decidedly jaundiced."

273: 160: 64: 7019: 5549:

Docker, John (2008). "Are Settler Colonies Inherently Genocidal? Re-reading Lemkin". In Moses, A. Dirk (ed.).

4870: 1449:

the case, unless they were indifferent to the harm they might do to their own people. (Colin Tatz in his 2011

946:

The "history wars" are widely viewed, by external observers and participants on both sides as similar to the "

10342: 10310: 10233: 10039: 9066: 8958: 8832: 7953: 7876: 7830: 6525: 3067: 2882:"Web Review: The Culture Wars Down Under: Keith Windschuttle, the Aboriginal people, and the Left – Part Two" 2077: 1137: 1102: 476: 290: 225: 215: 175: 20: 9746: 9402: 2508: 10681: 10533: 10395: 10212: 9842: 9810: 9299: 8451: 7511: 6342: 6263: 4095: 2838: 2024: 1967:

emphasised the political dimension of these arguments and said the Australian debate took its cue from the

1696:. It passed unanimously in the House of Representatives on 13 March 2008. In the Senate, the leader of the 900:

The defeat of the Howard government in the Australian Federal election of 2007, and its replacement by the

777: 423: 268: 9159: 8211: 6215:

David Veltman, "Telling Academic lives: An interview with Doug Munro and Don Longo" H-BIOGRAPHY Nov. 2021)

4446:

Brunton, R. "Betraying the victims: The 'Stolen Generations' Report", in IPA Backgrounder Vol. 10/1, 1998.

4406:. In literature, the moral ambiguities of Phillips’ position and vision are a major theme of Les Murray’s 4206:, Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Aboriginal Studies, Firebird Press, Sydney, pp. 117–21. 3944:

by John Carmody and Boyd Hunter, Asia-Pacific Economic & Business History conference, 2014, pp. 10-14.

2076:

Publication in 2016 of "Indigenous Terminology" guidelines for the teaching and writing of history by the

10604: 10437: 10303: 10195: 10173: 9376: 9344: 9294: 9102: 9052: 8943: 8684: 8446: 8322: 8316: 8297: 7502: 7331: 7214: 6761: 2119: 1630: 1307:(2007), treats the Australian evidence over the first century of colonisation as an example of genocide. 934:. However, an intention to re-engage in the history wars was indicated by then-Federal Opposition member 507:

is a term used in Australia to describe the public debate about the interpretation of the history of the

195: 8820: 8473: 4542: 2678: 10701: 10524: 10401: 10378: 10263: 10166: 10104: 10076: 9712: 9525: 9258: 9032: 8689: 8620: 8275: 8145: 8074: 7219: 7053: 7043: 5598:(paper at AHA 9 July 2014 at University of Queensland) publisher Social Science Research Network (SSRN) 5451: 3844: 2237: 1989: 1870: 1839: 1337: 1315: 1227:

summing up his experience after little more than five years as the first Premier of this colony wrote:

1133: 1069: 740: 448: 387: 351: 205: 9481: 8429: 8360: 8250: 859:, while Howard was a supporter of these institutions. Unlike fellow Labor leaders and contemporaries, 760:

Interpretations of Aboriginal history became part of the wider political debate sometimes called the '

10549: 10459: 9805: 8157: 7638: 7180: 7009: 6661: 6047: 5994:"'I Cannot Say the Numbers that Were Killed': Assessing Violent Mortality on the Queensland Frontier" 5261: 4976: 4667: 4399: 3298: 2858: 2773: 2711: 2655: 2531: 2242: 2143: 1931: 1779: 884: 796: 295: 210: 135: 8548: 5642:

Genocide and Settler Society: Frontier Violence and Stolen Indigenous Children in Australian History

3541:

Genocide and settler society: frontier violence and stolen Indigenous children in Australian history

511:

and the development of contemporary Australian society, particularly with regard to their impact on

10544: 9324: 9304: 8861: 8795: 8630: 8205: 7675: 7462: 7419: 7210: 6907: 5596:

I Cannot Say the Numbers that Were Killed': Assessing Violent Mortality on the Queensland Frontier"

3086: 1981: 1323: 1141: 958:, refers to the history wars as "the Culture War down under". Participants in the debate including 911: 843: 842:

report and the ensuing debate, which was highly acrimonious, Howard in 1999 passed a Parliamentary

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See for instance Mark Harrison, "Disease and medicine in the armies of British India, 1750-1830",

2933: 1241:

Australians killed in encounters with the Native Police indicates that numbers may exceed 45,000.

10634: 10539: 10034: 9476: 8652: 8578: 8441: 8222: 7978: 7791: 7786: 7764: 7726: 7706: 7340: 7336: 7153: 7026: 6989: 6972: 6792: 6256: 4821: 1732: 1428:

the disease was not smallpox (which would normally have killed numerous Europeans) but chickenpox

1125:

entered the debate as a pejorative counter-response to the notion of the "black armband school".

542: 185: 73: 8851: 8815: 6164:"Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices" 1283:, Lemkin himself and most comparative scholars of genocide and many general historians, such as 10368: 10320: 10315: 9284: 9238: 9087: 8593: 8047: 8020: 7990: 7854: 7801: 7618: 7494: 7389: 7229: 7224: 7082: 7048: 7036: 7031: 6994: 6944: 6802: 6782: 6468: 6413: 5996:. AHA 2014: The Australian Historical Association 33rd Annual Conference: Conflict in History. 5461:"Towards more consistent estimates of Aboriginal de-population in the early colonial Australia" 5460: 5017: 4971: 4843: 3942:"Towards more consistent estimates of Aboriginal de-population in the early colonial Australia" 3941: 3171: 3107: 2881: 1952: 1564: 1284: 1165: 1042: 826: 822: 720: 667: 550: 516: 9847: 8102: 6225: 5499: 3310: 2343: 10671: 10492: 10383: 10363: 10228: 10178: 10071: 10061: 9751: 9717: 9626: 8637: 8375: 8270: 8197: 8069: 7472: 7189: 7143: 7138: 7087: 6751: 6732: 6548: 6443: 6083: 5645: 5558: 5554: 5056: 4648: 2149: 2028: 1993: 1622: 1555: 1376: 1363: 1311: 950:" underway in the United States. William D. Rubinstein, writing for the conservative British 901: 879: 856: 765: 512: 375: 10296: 9707: 9243: 6073: 1407:

estimated that about half of the local Eora tribe had perished in some two or three months.

1398:

As important as the severity of the first outbreak in 1789 was its timing. It came when the

10579: 10056: 9397: 9114: 8469: 8309: 8042: 7918: 7889: 7660: 7322: 7296: 7243: 7077: 7004: 6849: 6814: 6768: 6736: 6614: 6328: 4419: 4046: 3039: 2966: 2382:"Curating a Nation's Past: The Role of the Public Intellectual in Australia's History Wars" 2213: 2176: 2171: 2129: 2061: 2044: 1264: 1206: 1122: 1026: 993: 982: 716: 416: 245: 40: 8350: 5230: 5082: 8: 10373: 9119: 8533: 8240: 7936: 7148: 7060: 6819: 6453: 6418: 6321: 6016: 5551:

Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history

5492:

Empire, colony, genocide: conquest, occupation, and subaltern resistance in world history

4460: 4373:

Tony Barta, “Relations of Genocide: Land and Lives in the Colonization of Australia”, in

3719:

Tony Barta, "Relations of Genocide: Land and Lives in the Colonization of Australia", in

3622:

Empire, Colony, Genocide: Conquest, Occupation, and Subaltern Resistance in World History

3122: 3062: 2992: 2011: 1902: 1882: 1543: 1244:

The phrase "useless race" was expressed in Queensland, including in an 1877 editorial in

1009: 955: 831: 749: 411: 399: 392: 380: 344: 263: 9871: 9441: 8856: 8560: 7168: 4323:

Johannes Krause and Thomas Trappe, English version, WH Allen, London, 2021, pp. 187 ff,

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Genocide in the Age of the Nation State: The rise of the West and the coming of genocide

2599: 1517:

and her thesis was almost gratefully accepted by many historians. . . In her 2006 book,

871:

for ANZAC Day ceremonies. In 2008 he described those who gathered there as "misguided".

810:

has referred to much of this wider debate as "war porn" and an "intellectual dead end".

637:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

10599: 10594: 10529: 10412: 10325: 10156: 9832: 9164: 8948: 8013: 7968: 7327: 7283: 7238: 6861: 6807: 6728: 6299: 6133: 5909: 4427: 2324: 2289: 2134: 2020: 1960: 1919: 1855: 1819: 1661: 1600: 1593: 1349: 1018: 959: 696: 691: 574: 7869: 6185:"Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process" 6128:

Warren, Christopher (2007). "Could First Fleet smallpox infect Aborigines? – A note",

6048:"Fabricating history on the colonial frontier in Australia: McGuinness, Windschuttle, 5305: 4090: 3475: 1669:

claimants to challenge what was written about their situation at the time of removal.

1267:, one of the leading landholders, manager of the Scottish Australian Investment Co.'s 757:") and Australian commentators and politicians have continued to debate this subject. 537:, which are an important subject of the debate, the history wars have played out as a 10417: 10271: 10019: 9316: 8327: 8166: 7591: 7350: 7289: 7248: 7065: 6950: 6886: 6797: 6774: 6718: 6626: 6359: 6148: 6089: 5997: 5978: 5941: 5933: 5925: 5899: 5884: 5869: 5855: 5841: 5833: 5808: 5794: 5780: 5766: 5736: 5717: 5697: 5687: 5668: 5649: 5626: 5607: 5581: 5562: 5503: 5432: 5377:"Australian university accused of 'rewriting history' over British invasion language" 4955: 4571: 4270: 4112: 3955:"The Duste of the Mindye: the use of Biological Warfare in the conquest of Australia" 3757: 3629: 3577: 3442: 3417: 3411: 3356: 3336: 3234: 3224: 3034: 2403: 2349: 2328: 2293: 2032: 1977: 1697: 1693: 1666: 1605: 1189: 1065: 1050: 931: 906: 594: 562: 538: 520: 404: 368: 356: 5425:

Our Original Aggression, Aboriginal populations of southeastern Australia, 1788–1850

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Blood on the wattle: massacres and maltreatment of Aboriginal Australians since 1788

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are frequently described as "culture warriors" for their respective points of view.

658:

as a nation, framed largely by the respective visions of Labor Party Prime Minister

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Blood and soil: a world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur

3517: 3503: 3386: 3011:. 1996 Sir Robert Menzies Lecture. Sir Robert Menzies Lecture Trust. Archived from 2987: 2536: 2393: 2316: 2281: 2182: 2040: 1964: 1948: 1609: 1479: 1305:

Blood and soil: a world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur

1252: 1246: 987: 935: 744: 466: 180: 7906: 6074: 5993: 5150: 3009:"The Liberal Tradition: The Beliefs and Values Which Guide the Federal Government" 1847: 519:

peoples. The term "history wars" emerged in the late 1990s during the term of the

10009: 9616: 9190: 8866: 8230: 8052: 7837: 7601: 7427: 7072: 6387: 5448:

Invisible Invaders: Smallpox and Other Diseases in Aboriginal Australia 1780–1880

4435: 3874: 3118: 1894: 1506: 1467: 1345: 1236:

The "system", for which Herbert was among those personally responsible, was the "

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The nature of the debate began to change in 1999 with the publication of a book

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The Fabrication of Aboriginal History: Volume One, Van Diemen's Land, 1803-1847

3139: 2833: 2540: 2503: 2188: 2052: 1900:

In "Contra Windschuttle", an article published in the conservative publication

1890: 1886: 1823: 1581: 1404: 1288: 1280: 1224: 1098: 923: 889: 807: 790: 725: 712: 682: 663: 654:

The term "history wars" refers to an ideological conflict over how to perceive

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The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume One: Van Diemen's Land 1803-1847

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The targeting of Bruce Pascoe marks a new frontier in Australia's history wars

1831:

The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume One: Van Diemen's Land 1803–1847

1072:

that the "balance sheet of Australian history" had come to be misrepresented:

1007:

The lecture was subsequently published in the political and literary journal,

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Green, Neville (1 July 2003). "The evidence for The Forrest River Massacre".

3172:"History in Black and White: a critical analysis of the Black Armband debate" 2452: 2407: 1865:

Windschuttle's claims and research have been disputed by some historians. In

1614: 1296: 1237: 1058: 1054: 818: 736: 6075:"Writing the Past: History, Literature & the Public Sphere in Australia" 3410:Ørsted-Jensen, Robert (2011). "Appendix B: The Lost Native Police Reports". 3394:

Keith Windschuttle unleashed a storm of controversy with the publication of

3238: 2739:"Paul Keating 'utterly wrong' to reject Gallipoli identity, says Kevin Rudd" 1171:

The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume 1, Van Diemen's Land 1803–1847

54: 8588: 8235: 8057: 7900: 7756: 7205: 7163: 7092: 6829: 6714: 6668: 6656: 6599: 6565: 5913: 5709: 5701: 5483: 5468:. Presented at the Asia-Pacific Economic & Business History conference. 5358:"It's not 'politically correct' to say Australia was invaded, it's history" 4567: 4511: 4274: 3126: 2570:"Different Perspectives on Black Armband History: Research Paper 5 1997–98" 2448: 2096: 2016: 1878: 1874: 1843: 1645: 1539: 1483: 1319: 1185: 1110: 1014: 963: 708: 704: 659: 5805:

Washout: On the academic response to The Fabrication of Aboriginal History

4305: 4116: 3713: 3553:

Ben Kiernan (2007). "Genocidal Violence in Nineteenth-Century Australia".

3152:(Critiques the simplicity and the political implications of such slogans.) 3012: 2031:

and did not present a balanced view of the nation's history. In 2003, the

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complained leave large scope for scenarios that support a preferred view.

10589: 8871: 8513: 8489: 7859: 7847: 7769: 7345: 7158: 6962: 6698: 6646: 6621: 6604: 6543: 6078:. Griffith Graduate Studies Lecture, Queensland College of Art, Brisbane. 6009: 4579: 4456: 4265: 4248: 2963:

Research Paper 5 1997–98: Different Perspectives on Black Armband History

2457: 2307:

Gare, Deborah (2000). "Britishness in recent Australian historiography".

1916:

The Fabrication of Australian History, Volume 2: The "Stolen Generations"

1641: 1634: 1626: 1505:, Mear accused some fellow historians of being over-eager to believe the 1455: 1434: 1391: 1358: 1300: 1046: 1038: 1025:

to describe historians viewed as writing excessively critical Australian

947: 864: 821:

in an unduly negative light; while Keating sought to distance the modern

781: 671: 606: 530: 9761: 6137: 4649:"Many Voices: Reflections on Experiences of Indigenous Child Separation" 2965:(Report). Parliament of Australia, Parliamentary Library. Archived from 930:

debate", a view contested by others, including conservative commentator

904:

altered the dynamic of the debate. Rudd made an official apology to the

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Fatal contact: How epidemics nearly wiped out Australia's first peoples

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and would address the issue of the removal of Aboriginal children (the

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Frontier History Revisited – Colonial Queensland and the 'History War'

5553:. Studies on war and genocide. Vol. 12. Berghahn Books. pp. 4375:

Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death,

3353:

Whitewash. On Keith Windschuttle's "Fabrication of Aboriginal History"

1692:, which was moved concurrently by the Leader of the Government in the 874:

In 2006, John Howard said in a speech to mark the 50th anniversary of

694:

commissioned by Keating but released after Howard took office, titled

9354: 8478: 8355: 8185: 7668: 6999: 6678: 6673: 6636: 6631: 6495: 6438: 6423: 6292: 5257:"Opinion: Disclosed at last, the embedded messages that adorn museum" 4215:

Craig Mear, "The origin of the smallpox outbreak in Sydney in 1789",

3413:

Frontier history revisited: colonial Queensland and the 'history war'

2398: 1968: 1834: 1652: 1292: 1161: 1106: 919: 868: 860: 848: 677:

The conflict was played out largely in the popular media, books, and

655: 605:(of the Indigenous Australians), along with the political or similar 140: 6001: 5852:

Whitewash: On Keith Windschuttle's Fabrication of Aboriginal History

5684:

An Indelible Stain?: The Question of Genocide in Australia's History

5623:

Whitewash. On Keith Windschuttle's Fabrication of Aboriginal History

5595: 5143:"How not to run a museum: People's history at the postmodern museum" 3997: 3721:

Genocide and the Modern Age: Etiology and Case Studies of Mass Death

1976:"rolls out the canvas of this debate". Macintyre's critics, such as 1867:

Whitewash: On Keith Windschuttle's Fabrication of Aboriginal History

1721: 10029: 8772: 6693: 6641: 5116: 5097: 4925:"Filmmakers dispatch historian to the fence over distorted history" 2101: 1985: 1851: 1472: 1382: 1331: 1193: 1013:, which at the time was edited by academic and political scientist 666:

as central to the nation's character and who gave new attention to

570: 566: 554: 5894:

Peters-Little, Frances; Curthoys, Ann; Docker, John, eds. (2010).

5819:

A Historian Against the Current: The Life and Work of Austin Gough

3853:"A Canadian-American's Take On Australia In A Fast-Changing World" 3754:

From massacres to mining: the colonization of Aboriginal Australia

3387:"Windschuttle at War: The Politics of Historiography in Australia" 3299:

https://press-files.anu.edu.au/downloads/press/p72971/pdf/book.pdf

1665:

report. A recent review of legal cases claims it is difficult for

6480: 6458: 6408: 6312: 6248: 5396:"Debunking Dark Emu: did the publishing phenomenon get it wrong?" 4398:

For a sample of this unresolved debate on Phillip’s motives, see

3929:

Macassan History and Heritage Journeys, Encounters and Influences

2990:(July–August 1993). "Drawing Up a Balance Sheet of Our History". 2938: 2909: 2627: 2056: 1030: 802: 715:

titled "After the Dreaming", where he argued that the writing of

558: 5957: 3539:

Henry Reynolds, "Genocide in Tasmania?", in A. Dirk Moses (ed.)

1053:

and ignoring positive aspects of Australia's history. Historian

6913: 6490: 6403: 6222:"McGuinness, Windschuttle and Quadrant: the revisionist attack" 4916: 4762: 4149: 4147: 3931:, eds. Marshall Clark and Sally K. May, ANU E Press 2013, p. 28 3841:

An Historical Geography of Modern Australia: The Restive Fringe

3770: 5227:"Lateline – 15/07/2003: Museum review attracts historians ire" 4774: 3802:"Debates on Genocide – Part Two", Commonwealth History Project 3777:"Debates on Genocide – Part Two", Commonwealth History Project 3740:"Debates on Genocide – Part One", Commonwealth History Project 3725:"Debates on Genocide – Part One", Commonwealth History Project 3709:"Debates on Genocide – Part One", Commonwealth History Project 1598:

Despite the lengthy and detailed findings set out in the 1997

1513:

In 2002, author Judy Campbell promoted the Macassan theory in

1279:

After the introduction of the word "genocide" in the 1940s by

825:

movement from its historical support for the Monarchy and the

7548: 7445: 7306: 6428: 5832:, revised edition. Melbourne (first edition Melbourne 2003). 4184: 3083:"Australian Parliamentary Library – Research Paper 5 1997–98" 1034: 773: 5478:. Melbourne: Commonwealth of Australia - Quarantine Service. 5229:. Australian Broadcasting Corp. 15 July 2003. Archived from 4342: 4293: 4144: 4022: 2071: 914:, but in contrast to Keating, Rudd declared support for the 6433: 5896:

Passionate Histories: Myth, memory and Indigenous Australia

5486:(2008). "Genocide in Tasmania: The History of an Idea". In 2499:"History curriculum author defies his critics to find bias" 2048: 2004: 1925:

The new volume was released in January 2010, now listed as

1399: 1263:

Remarks which were followed up in October of that years by

754: 593:

The history wars also relates to broader themes concerning

5898:. Aboriginal History Monographs. Vol. 21. ANU Press. 5716:. Australian National University Press. pp. 198–248. 4129:

Barnes (2009) pp. 158-165. Compare Cumpston pp. 3, 120 ff.

3847:, 1991, pp. 130-140; and Jeremy Irwin re "the same flawed 3269:"The construction of Aboriginal history: fact or fiction?" 2596:

Thinking Faith – the online journal of the British Jesuits

2551:

Langton M. Essay: Trapped in the aboriginal reality show.

549:

a relatively minor conflict between European settlers and

5644:. War and genocide. Vol. 6. Berghahn Books. p. 2683: 2418: 1370: 974: 910:

with bipartisan support. Like Keating, Rudd supported an

690:

related to the release of the government's report on the

8896: 5866:

History Wars: The Peter Ryan – Manning Clark Controversy

5712:(1979). "After the Dreaming". In Stanner, W.E.H. (ed.). 4380: 3909: 3821: 3373:

The Original Australians: Story of the Aboriginal People

2623:"A nation reborn at Anzac Cove? Utter nonsense: Keating" 1250:(the weekly edition of the colony's main newspaper, the 553:, and generally lacking in events that might be termed " 10190:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

3881: 3690: 3678: 3654: 3200: 2679:"Full text of Australia's apology to Aboriginal people" 1640:

Some critics, such as columnist and social commentator

817:, Howard believed that Keating portrayed Australia pre- 585:

has been argued to have evolved into a pan-Australian "

5606:. Carlton, Victoria: Melbourne University Publishing. 3441:(Third ed.). New Holland Publishers (Australia). 2982: 2980: 1939: 1673:

children had died, even though this was not the case.

711:, coined the term the "Great Australian Silence" in a 10482:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

5081:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from 4745:"The third decade, 2008‒18 – Parliament of Australia" 4430:, broadcast 2 July 2000. Retrieved 19 February 2008. 4132: 2430: 2125:

Historiography of the British Empire § Australia

1303:, in his recent history of the concept and practice, 589:", which continues to affect Aboriginal people today. 9330:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

5922:

History Wars and the Classroom – Global Perspectives

5055:. The Centre for Independent Studies. Archived from 3979:

See for instance Cristopher Warren’s 2021 letter on

3702: 3666: 5992:Evans, Raymond & Ørsted–Jensen, Robert (2014). 5987:

Indigenocide and the Massacre of Aboriginal History

5580:. Clayton, Victoria: Monash University Publishing. 4888: 4572:"The Stolen Generations – a documentary collection" 3999:

The dreadful havock’: The smallpox epidemic of 1789

3642: 2977: 2829:"Orwellian Left quick to unveil totalitarian heart" 1897:also expressed concerns about Windschuttle's work. 922:and expressed admiration for Liberal Party founder 892:reported that Opposition foreign affairs spokesman 16:

Public debate in Australia over British colonialism

9290:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 9148: 6930: 6104: 5079:"Lateline – 03/09/2003: Authors in history debate" 4894: 4653:National Library of Australia Oral History Project 4217:Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society 3800:, Quadrant, (September 1998), pp. 11–20, cited in 3000: 761: 577:from Europe) rather than to malicious policies; or 527: 9948: 5205:"Review of Exhibitions and Public Programs, 2003" 5049:by Stuart Macintyre and Anna Clark (book review)" 5042: 4676:(2008) 32(2) Melbourne University Law Review 382. 2473:"1915 and all that: History in a holding pattern" 2068:and invites visitors to make up their own minds. 1911:The Fabrication of Aboriginal History, Volume One 1219:by British settlers, mainly in the 19th century. 10658: 5985:Evans, Raymond & Thorpe, Bill (Winter 2001) 5920:Taylor, Tony & Guyver, Robert (ed.) (2011). 5475:The history of small-pox in Australia, 1788-1908 4868: 4668:"The Stolen generation and litigation revisited" 2572:. Parliament of Australia: Parliamentary Library 2254: 2252: 1192:and the histories of massacres, particularly in 1173:, which focussed on Tasmanian colonial history. 986:was a phrase first used by Australian historian 941: 10514: 6757:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 6147:. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers. 5532: 5516: 4954:. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press, 2003. 4739: 4737: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4246: 3801: 3776: 3739: 3724: 3708: 3463:The Queensland Years of Robert Herbert, Premier 3166:(75). St Lucia: University of Queensland Press. 3101: 1680:report ten years earlier. On 13 February 2008, 1619:Human Rights and Equal Opportunities Commission 1439:transferred either accidentally or deliberately 5967:The Australian Journal of Politics and History 5601: 5339:"'Invaded' not settled: UNSW rewrites history" 5103: 4506: 4504: 4088: 3729: 3605: 1538:Mear's claims were subsequently criticised by 1417:smallpox was transferred to northern Australia 10338:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 10208:Western European colonialism and colonization 8757: 6264: 5594:Evans, Raymond & Ørsted–Jensen, Robert: ' 5494:. Studies on war and genocide. Vol. 12. 5458: 4722:. Commonwealth of Australia. 13 February 2008 4692:. Commonwealth of Australia. 13 February 2008 4325:http://www.randomhousebooks.com/books/646319/ 4190: 4153: 4028: 3409: 3403: 3273:University of New South Wales Speakers' Forum 2249: 1451:Genocide in Australia: By Accident or Design? 747:argued in the literary and political journal 484: 8668: 6142: 5989:. Overland (Melbourne). 163. pp. 21–39. 5777:Frontier Conflict: The Australian Experience 5730: 5245: 5140: 4792: 4780: 4768: 4734: 4704: 4679: 4510: 4204:Contemporary Issues in Aboriginal Studies: 2 4089:Hingston, Richard G.; Fenner, Frank (1985). 3266: 2142:, subject of a debate often referred to as " 1869:, an anthology including contributions from 1587: 8771: 6014: 5958:Bonnell, Andrew G.; Crotty, Martin (2004). 5828:Macintyre, Stuart with Clark, Anna (2004). 5714:White Man Got No Dreaming: Essays 1938-1973 5286:. National Museum of Australia. 22 May 2012 4687:"House of Representatives Official Hansard" 4501: 3927:C. C. Macknight, "Studying Trepangers", in 3552: 3125:, 2 March 2002. See footnote 23 that cites 2826: 1922:) from their families in the 20th century. 1322:however emphasize Lemkin's linkage between 1217:list of massacres of Indigenous Australians 735:In the 1970s and 1980s, historians such as 8764: 8750: 6271: 6257: 6166:. SBS News, Special Broadcasting Service. 5763:Telling The Truth About Aboriginal History 4844:"Our history, not rewritten but put right" 4045:by G. E. Ford 2010 MA thesis in history, 3557:. Yale University Press. pp. 249–309. 3486: 3333:Telling The Truth About Aboriginal History 2879: 2769:"Is Rudd having a Bob each way? – Opinion" 2707:"Brendan Nelson's sorry speech – National" 2567: 2563: 2561: 2442: 1633:that was criticised in turn by the lawyer 834:(drafted with the assistance of historian 776:over the way history was presented in the 491: 477: 9393:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5779:, Australian National Museum. 218 pages, 5775:Attwood, Bain & Foster, S.G. (2003). 4264: 4247:Breman, Joel G.; Henderson, D.A. (2002). 4015:Aborigines trade routes are described by 3812: 3568:Levene, Mark (2005), I. B. Tauris (ed.), 2397: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2072:University of New South Wales controversy 2066:colonial conflict around Bathurst in 1824 1806:Learn how and when to remove this message 1542:, who, writing in the rightwing magazine 533:; not to be confused with the historical 10612:Historical geographic information system 7378: 6081: 5681: 5662: 5482: 5471: 5445: 4361: 4348: 4016: 3903: 3887: 3735: 3696: 3684: 3660: 3611: 3599: 3595: 3206: 2880:Rubinstein, William D. (8 August 2006). 2341: 2005:National Museum of Australia controversy 1176:Blainey argued in a 2003 book review of 1142:Australia's history of frontier violence 1114:have connections to the prideful bits". 6191:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 6071: 5821:( Mile End, SA: Wakefield Press, 2021) 5708: 5602:Macintyre, Stuart; Clark, Anna (2003). 5575: 5393: 5284:"Bells Falls Gorge interactive display" 4984: 4972:"Who plays Stalin in our History Wars?" 4897:"Rabbit-Proof Fence grossly inaccurate" 4895:Keith Windschuttle (13 December 2009). 4455: 4386: 4311: 4299: 4138: 3915: 3899: 3827: 3813:David Day (April 2008). "Disappeared". 3751: 3745: 3384: 3297:Aboriginal History Journal: Volume 25, 2986: 2960: 2934:"ABC gets a culture warrior – National" 2931: 2827:Albrechtsen, Janet (12 December 2007). 2558: 2545: 2496: 2436: 2424: 2379: 2160:Politics of climate change in Australia 1963:. At the launch of his book, historian 1109:as an example; while Aboriginal lawyer 33:This article is part of a series on the 10659: 10252:English historical school of economics 8304:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 6358: 6182: 5791:The Australian Frontier Wars 1788–1838 5548: 5422: 5374: 5251: 5141:Windschuttle, Keith (September 2001). 4807: 4796: 4339:, Amsterdam, 81:87-119, February 2007. 4249:"Diagnosis and Management of Smallpox" 4059: 3672: 3567: 3164:Country: Journal of Australian Studies 3112:The First Annual Dymphna Clark Lecture 2620: 2470: 2362: 2271: 2209:"Rudd calls for end to 'history wars'" 1742:Please improve this section by adding 1371:Controversy over smallpox in Australia 975:Black armband / white blindfold debate 10568: 10513: 10448:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 10287:Historical reliability of the Gospels 10145: 9672: 8745: 8734: 7377: 7120: 6884: 6523: 6357: 6252: 6161: 6102: 6045: 6015:Fitzmaurice, Andrew (15 March 2006). 5639: 5620: 5528:from the original on 12 January 2016. 5355: 4922: 4566: 3868: 3798:Aborigines and Australian Apologetics 3648: 3436: 3416:. Lux Mundi Publishing. p. 253. 3251: 3218: 3161: 2902: 2851: 2592:"The History of Apologies Down Under" 2233:"Australia's 'history wars' reignite" 1711:The Fabrication of Aboriginal History 1684:, prime minister of Australia, moved 1625:Government and by the anthropologist 545:may be characterised as having been: 10677:Political controversies in Australia 10640: 8735: 8265:More Irish than the Irish themselves 6224:. Gouldsbooks.com.au. Archived from 6219: 6106:"Return of Australia 'history wars'" 5459:Carmody, John; Hunter, Boyd (2014). 5336: 4871:"Aboriginal 'genocide' claim denied" 4869:Imre Salusinszky (9 February 2008). 4665: 4540: 4461:"Ron Brunton and Bringing Them Home" 3311:"Native fiction by Geoffrey Blainey" 3035:"PM calls for end to 'history wars'" 2795: 2497:Ferrari, Justine (14 October 2008). 2306: 1715: 617: 191:1901 Federal Flag Design Competition 9335:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 6524: 6017:"The great Australian history wars" 5544:from the original on 20 April 2006. 5320:"Invasion of the history rewriters" 4627:"Australian Indigenous Law Library" 4172:, Volume 83, Number 1, Spring 2009. 4170:Bulletin of the History of Medicine 4109:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb113338.x 3267:Windschuttle, Keith (29 May 2003). 3138: 1947:In 2003, the Australian historians 1085:also called for moving away from a 918:and supported the commemoration of 670:issues, and Liberal Prime Minister 13: 10348:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 8292:Fourth Italian War of Independence 6278: 5750: 4314:, pp. 46, 174, 220, 221, 225. 4219:, June 2008, Vol.94, Part 1: 1-22. 4019:, chapter 5 and pp. 166, 182-183). 3781: 3006: 2932:Grattan, Michelle (15 June 2006). 2854:"Don't dismiss nation's blemishes" 2796:Nile, Richard (28 November 2007). 2715:. 13 February 2008. Archived from 2099:and the accuracy of his 2014 book 2043:called the 'three cheers' view of 1909:At the time of the publication of 1415:what is today Indonesia; that the 1211:Genocide of Indigenous Australians 1200: 1101:, Professor of Ethnography at the 1017:and later by writer and historian 587:genocide of Indigenous Australians 509:European colonisation of Australia 14: 10723: 10667:History of Indigenous Australians 6208: 6195:from the original on 11 July 2020 6170:from the original on 11 July 2020 6072:McKenna, Mark (1 December 2005). 5043:Greg Melleuish (Summer 2003–04). 4923:Owens, Jared (15 December 2009). 3385:Ianziti, Gary (29 October 2004). 3188:from the original on 31 July 2008 3169: 2745:. 31 October 2008. Archived from 2651:"PM's culture wars a fraud: Rudd" 2166:Similar topics in other countries 1553:Books like Jarrad Diamond's 1997 10712:Settler colonialism in Australia 10639: 10630: 10629: 10146: 9646: 9645: 9487:Palestinian expulsion and flight 7999:5000-year civilization assertion 7575:Nadir of American race relations 6082:Modjeska, Drusilla, ed. (2006). 5979:10.1111/j.1467-8497.2004.00345.x 5960:"Australian 'Historikerstreit'?" 5534:"Debates on Genocide – Part Two" 5518:"Debates on Genocide – Part One" 5394:Rintoul, Stuart (12 June 2021). 5387: 5368: 5349: 5330: 5312: 5308:. University of New South Wales. 5298: 5276: 5219: 5197: 5165: 5134: 5109: 5071: 5036: 5010: 4964: 4944: 4862: 4836: 4801: 4786: 4659: 4641: 4619: 4594: 4560: 4534: 4475: 4449: 4440: 4413: 4392: 4367: 4354: 4329: 4317: 4281: 4240: 3223:. Bassendean, WA: Access Press. 2961:McKenna, M. (10 November 1997). 2621:Wright, Tony (31 October 2008). 2217:. 27 August 2009. Archived from 2155:Settler colonialism in Australia 1999: 1720: 1466:reaching Northern Australia via 1441:into the Aboriginal population. 1033:" of "mourning and grieving, or 838:). In the aftermath of the 1997 622: 460: 53: 10476:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 9350:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 9285:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 9092:Causes of the Armenian genocide 7401:Pyramid construction techniques 6968:Comparative historical research 6885: 6586:Library and information science 6183:Thorne, Leonie (11 July 2020). 6119:Confronting Australian genocide 6085:The Best Australian Essays 2006 6046:Gould, Bob (23 November 2000). 5375:Graham, Chris (30 March 2016). 4672:Melbourne University Law Review 4400:“Governor Phillip and the Eora” 4253:New England Journal of Medicine 4222: 4209: 4196: 4159: 4123: 4082: 4065: 4052: 4049:2010, pp. 34–35, cf. pp. 11, 32 4034: 4009: 3990: 3973: 3960: 3947: 3934: 3921: 3893: 3862: 3833: 3806: 3589: 3561: 3546: 3533: 3524: 3510: 3496: 3468: 3455: 3430: 3378: 3365: 3345: 3325: 3303: 3291: 3260: 3245: 3212: 3155: 3132: 3075: 3055: 3027: 2954: 2925: 2896: 2873: 2845: 2820: 2789: 2761: 2731: 2699: 2671: 2643: 2614: 2584: 2523: 2490: 2464: 2348:. Black Inc. pp. 100–101. 2345:The Best Australian Essays 2006 2241:. 31 March 2016. Archived from 730:British settlement of Australia 10692:Indigenous Australian politics 10488:Gunpowder and gun transmission 10438:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 10247:Historical school of economics 10184:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 9622:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9496:Zionism as settler colonialism 8501:Limpieza de sangre controversy 7468:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 6162:Razik, Naveen (11 July 2020). 6103:Smyth, Jamie (31 March 2016). 5879:Ørsted-Jensen, Robert (2011). 5207:. National Museum of Australia 3543:, Berghahn Books, 2004 p. 128. 2903:Manne, Robert (16 June 2006). 2852:Baird, Julia (27 April 2013). 2535:, Vol. 5, No. 1, 86–88 (2006) 2335: 2300: 2265: 2225: 2201: 1629:in a booklet published by the 772:. This debate extended into a 681:lectures. Commentators on the 19:Not to be confused with other 1: 10297:Opposition to Papal supremacy 9673: 7485:Indigenous population history 5868:(Canberra: ANU Press, 2021). 5625:. Black Incorporated Agenda. 5416: 5356:Daley, Paul (30 March 2016). 5337:Ried, James (30 March 2016). 4998:. Lehigh University Libraries 4543:"Be a Manne and name just 10" 3843:, by Joseph Michael Powell , 3756:. London: CIMRA. p. 25. 3068:University of New South Wales 2996:. Vol. 37, no. 7–8. 2274:Australian Historical Studies 2078:University of New South Wales 1744:secondary or tertiary sources 1458:provides a solution to this. 1356:In the April 2008 edition of 1348:and other historians such as 1103:University of New South Wales 942:History wars and culture wars 21:History wars (disambiguation) 10213:Desacralization of knowledge 8484:Carlism in the Francoist era 8452:Holodomor in modern politics 7121: 6052:and massacres of Aborigines" 5850:Manne, Robert (ed.) (2003). 5731:Windschuttle, Keith (2002). 5538:Commonwealth History Project 5522:Commonwealth History Project 4808:Foster, S. G. (March 2003). 4606:Herald Sun: Andrew Bolt Blog 4541:Ryan, Kelly (28 June 2006). 4402:by Grace Karskens, 2017, in 4290:, H.A. Willis (2010), p. 73. 4096:Medical Journal of Australia 3465:St Lucia QUP 1977, page 236. 3287:– via The Sydney Line. 3085:. Aph.gov.au. Archived from 2555:, 19:Re-imagining Australia. 2471:Rundle, Guy (28 June 2007). 2195: 2025:National Museum of Australia 1972:imagination", and said that 1559:or Krause and Trappe's 2019 1454:argued that the practice of 1081:In 2009, Howard's successor 867:, Keating never traveled to 778:National Museum of Australia 7: 10697:Historiography of Australia 10605:Historiographic metafiction 10569: 10515:Organizations, publications 10304:Proto-orthodox Christianity 9254:German resistance to Nazism 9110:Persian famine of 1917–1919 8520:Islamic revolution of Spain 8447:Holodomor genocide question 8323:Revisionism of Risorgimento 8317:Rerum italicarum scriptores 8298:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 8065:Self-Strengthening Movement 7215:decolonization of knowledge 6023:Foster, S.G. (March 2003). 5951: 5883:, Brisbane. 284 pages ill. 5621:Manne, Robert, ed. (2003). 5472:Cumpston, J. H. L. (1914). 5178:. July 2003. Archived from 4629:. AustLII. 10 November 2009 3351:Manne, Robert(ed), (2003). 2529:Baudrillard J. "War porn". 2342:Modjeska, Drusilla (2006). 2120:Historiography of Australia 2108: 2084: 1881:, professor of politics at 1877:, edited and introduced by 1631:Institute of Public Affairs 1561:A short history of humanity 1312:Tasmanian Aboriginal people 764:' during the tenure of the 84:European exploration (land) 10: 10728: 10707:Historiography of genocide 10402:Wissenschaft des Judentums 10379:Criticism of Protestantism 9259:Nazi foreign policy debate 8690:Second colonial occupation 8437:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 8075:Tibetan sovereignty debate 7619:Progressive-era historians 7054:Nationalization of history 7005:Historical-critical method 6088:. Black. pp. 96–110. 5452:Melbourne University Press 5104:Macintyre & Clark 2003 5018:"Keating's 'History Wars'" 4364:, pp. 161, 189, 213). 3957:, no date, by Jim Poulter. 3902:, pp. 63–66; compare 3845:Cambridge University Press 2541:10.1177/147041290600500107 2051:' view. In 2006 columnist 1990:Chief Justice of Australia 1829:Windschuttle's 2002 book, 1617:, former President of the 1591: 1374: 1204: 1070:Sir Robert Menzies Lecture 613: 582:violent frontier conflicts 449:List of years in Australia 79:European exploration (sea) 18: 10624: 10575: 10564: 10520: 10509: 10458: 10262: 10221: 10152: 10141: 9997: 9683: 9679: 9668: 9640: 9609: 9573: 9467: 9421: 9407:Second Sino-Japanese War 9385: 9315: 9267: 9229: 9189: 9065: 8887: 8806: 8782: 8741: 8730: 8706: 8604: 8571: 8462: 8386: 8343: 8284: 8249: 8221: 8212:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 8156: 8083: 7989: 7917: 7631: 7560: 7493: 7455: 7388: 7384: 7373: 7198: 7131: 7127: 7116: 6893: 6880: 6707: 6574: 6536: 6532: 6519: 6396: 6370: 6366: 6353: 6286: 6067:The Sydney Morning Herald 5735:. Sydney: Macleay Press. 5400:The Sydney Morning Herald 5262:The Sydney Morning Herald 5022:The Sydney Morning Herald 4977:The Sydney Morning Herald 4848:The Sydney Morning Herald 4717:"Senate Official Hansard" 4233:, talk by Craig Mear for 4191:Carmody & Hunter 2014 4154:Carmody & Hunter 2014 4075:, Letters to the Editor, 4029:Carmody & Hunter 2014 3970:, Melbourne, 2011, p. 29. 3869:Flood, Josephine (2019). 3507:, 7 October 1876, page 12 3476:"Murders in the Far West" 3375:, Allen & Unwin, 2006 2884:. The Social Affairs Unit 2859:The Sydney Morning Herald 2798:"End of the culture wars" 2774:The Sydney Morning Herald 2712:The Sydney Morning Herald 2656:The Sydney Morning Herald 2532:Journal of Visual Culture 2321:10.1017/S0018246X00001564 2286:10.1080/10314610108596148 2023:argued that the then-new 1755:"Australian history wars" 1588:Stolen Generations debate 969: 885:The Sydney Morning Herald 797:The Sydney Morning Herald 631:This section needs to be 10687:Historical controversies 10162:Crisis of historiography 9325:Auschwitz bombing debate 9011:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8862:Late Bronze Age collapse 8796:List of military museums 8399:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 8371:Polish People's Republic 8206:Sybel-Ficker controversy 7570:African-American history 7543:Colonial Spanish America 7332:Second Thirty Years' War 6145:Culture and Civilization 5755: 5682:Reynolds, Henry (2001). 5663:Reynolds, Henry (1999). 5306:"Indigenous Terminology" 4602:"That debate last night" 4404:The Dictionary of Sydney 4230:Smallpox in Sydney: 1789 3906:, pp. 161, 189, 213 3871:The Original Australians 3612:Reynolds, Henry (2008). 2453:"What is Rudd's Agenda?" 1982:University of Wollongong 1703: 1690:House of Representatives 1519:The Original Australians 1344:The political scientist 1324:colonialism and genocide 1164:, who examined the 1926 844:Motion of Reconciliation 599:methodological questions 535:Australian frontier wars 9275:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 9134:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 8685:Porter–MacKenzie debate 8442:Causes of the Holodomor 7979:Problem of two emperors 7927:Catilinarian conspiracy 7154:Historical significance 7015:Indiscipline of history 6990:Historical anthropology 6019:. University of Sydney. 5640:Moses, A. Dirk (2004). 5576:Dowling, Peter (2021). 5446:Campbell, Judy (2002). 4992:"Enola Gay Controversy" 4749:Parliament of Australia 4516:"The cruelty of denial" 4465:Indigenous Law Bulletin 4091:"Smallpox in Australia" 3968:Monash University Press 3738:, p. 2), cited in 3614:"Genocide in Tasmania?" 3521:8 May 1880, page 594-95 2905:"PM's contempt for ABC" 2380:Fordham, Helen (2015). 1029:"while wearing a black 705:W. E. H. "Bill" Stanner 526:The "history wars" are 10369:Protestant Reformation 10343:Second Vatican Council 10321:Succession to Muhammad 10316:Criticism of the Quran 10067:Religious perspectives 9801:Klemens von Metternich 9398:"Battle for Australia" 9280:Soviet offensive plans 9249:Broad vs. narrow front 9088:Late Ottoman genocides 8021:Century of humiliation 7802:Goguryeo controversies 7780:2,500-year celebration 7438:Double genocide theory 7225:Historical negationism 7049:Ancestral civilisation 7037:Historical materialism 6995:Historical determinism 6945:History of mentalities 6132:31, pp. 152–164. 6121:. Aboriginal History, 5761:Attwood, Bain (2005). 5423:Butlin, N. G. (1983). 4950:Macintyre S, Clark A. 4006:, H.A. Willis, (2010). 3331:Attwood, Bain (2005). 2055:described some of the 1914:2008, would be titled 1731:relies excessively on 1565:Germ theory of disease 1532: 1523: 1277: 1234: 1166:Forrest River massacre 1096: 1079: 981:black armband view of 827:White Australia policy 721:Indigenous Australians 580:an invasion marked by 551:Indigenous Australians 517:Torres Strait Islander 10493:Torsion mangonel myth 10396:Modern Jewish history 10391:Jesuit historiography 10384:Protestant work ethic 10364:Hesychast controversy 10229:Industrial Revolution 10179:Library of Alexandria 10097:The Lord of the Rings 9747:Constantine the Great 9627:Torsion mangonel myth 9559:Sri Lankan Civil War 8638:Storm over the gentry 8539:Colonies or Provinces 8070:Sprouts of capitalism 7144:Historic preservation 7139:Change and continuity 6025:"Contra Windschuttle" 5803:Dawson, John (2004). 5789:Connor, John (2002). 5427:. Sydney, Australia: 4810:"Contra Windschuttle" 4434:18 March 2008 at the 3981:“The smallpox debate” 3437:Elder, Bruce (2003). 3371:Flood, Dr Josephine, 3117:24 March 2009 at the 3063:"Stephen Muecke UNSW" 2150:Geographical renaming 2029:political correctness 1556:Guns, germs and steel 1527: 1511: 1377:Smallpox in Australia 1375:Further information: 1273: 1229: 1091: 1074: 902:Rudd Labor government 880:political correctness 857:Monarchy in Australia 662:(1991–1996), who saw 513:Aboriginal Australian 10580:Commemorative plaque 9796:Juan Manuel de Rosas 9244:"Blitzkrieg" concept 9115:Powder keg of Europe 8990:Franco-Prussian War 8660:Winter of Discontent 8643:Suffragette Campaign 8310:Italiani brava gente 8276:Revolutionary period 8098:Frankish Interregnum 8031:"Chineseness" debate 7964:Byzantine succession 7949:Fall of Western Rome 7890:Executed Renaissance 7379:By country or region 7323:Age of Enlightenment 7297:Vaticinium ex eventu 7244:Modernisation theory 7078:Quantitative history 6454:Historical documents 6117:Tatz, Colin (2001). 6063:History Wars Special 6034:Francis, P. (2000). 6010:10.2139/ssrn.2467836 5686:. Ringwood: Viking. 5665:Why Weren't We Told? 4980:. 17 September 2003. 4570:(3 September 2005). 4514:(9 September 2006). 4302:, pp. xiii–xxx. 4266:10.1056/nejmra020025 4079:, May 2021, no. 431. 4047:University of Sydney 3628:. pp. 127–147. 2841:on 12 December 2007. 2749:on 12 September 2012 2553:Griffith Review 2007 2177:Critical race theory 2172:Black legend (Spain) 2130:Australia Day debate 2027:(NMA) was marred by 2019:magazine, historian 2009:In 2001, writing in 1265:Boyd Dunlop Morehead 1207:Genocide definitions 1130:Why Weren't We Told? 467:Australia portal 66:Timeline and periods 10682:Ideological rivalry 10409:Schools of thought 10374:Proto-Protestantism 10243:School of Thoughts 10125:William Shakespeare 10110:Robert Falcon Scott 10015:Friedrich Nietzsche 9853:Cult of personality 9838:Neville Chamberlain 9698:Alexander the Great 9580:Russo-Georgian War 9553:Sovereignty dispute 9532:Iranian Revolution 9362:"Polish death camp" 9339:In relation to the 9048:Myth of English aid 9039:War of the Pacific 8816:Albigensian Crusade 8241:Indigenous Aryanism 7937:Constantinian shift 7473:Residential schools 7230:Historian's fallacy 7149:Historic recurrence 6647:Numismatics (Money) 6419:Archaeological site 6343:theories of history 6040:The Journal of GEOS 6036:The Whole Truth...? 5085:on 13 December 2011 4824:on 19 February 2008 4820:(3). Archived from 4793:Windschuttle (2002) 4489:on 16 February 2008 4424:Background Briefing 4351:, pp. 161–162. 3987:, 18 December 2021. 3787:Windschuttle, Keith 3752:Roberts, J (1978). 3574:p. 344 footnote 105 3313:. The New Criterion 3279:on 23 February 2011 3219:Moran, Rod (1999). 3123:Manning Clark House 3121:, delivered at the 2568:M. McKenna (1997). 2427:, pp. 198–248. 2047:, rather than the ' 1940:Stuart Macintyre's 1883:La Trobe University 1426:The second is that 1421:Macassan trepangers 956:Social Affairs Unit 912:Australian Republic 832:Redfern Park Speech 668:Indigenous people's 575:infectious diseases 528:often regarded as a 10600:Historical realism 10595:Historical fiction 10540:History institutes 10530:Historical society 10525:Heritage registers 10413:Biblical criticism 10326:Islamic golden age 10277:Early Christianity 10157:Bears in antiquity 10045:Medieval Christian 9843:Pedro II of Brazil 9791:José de San Martín 9595:Syrian revolution 9507:Malayan Emergency 9482:1948 Palestine war 9215:Spanish Civil War 9165:War guilt question 8974:American Civil War 8954:Invasion of Russia 8930:New Russian School 8714:Colonial Australia 8430:October Revolution 8193:Strukturgeschichte 8129:Location of Alésia 8048:Hua–Yi distinction 7969:Moscow, third Rome 7585:Reconstruction era 7406:Black Egypt Thesis 7328:European Civil War 7284:Translatio imperii 7239:Invented tradition 6360:Historical sources 6130:Aboriginal History 5924:, Charlotte, N.C. 5059:on 13 October 2009 5024:. 5 September 2003 4850:. 25 November 2002 4771:, pp. 326–50. 4428:ABC Radio National 4420:Stolen Generations 4073:"Lazy repetitions" 3985:The Canberra Times 2719:on 27 January 2010 2687:. 12 February 2008 2602:on 2 December 2014 2309:Historical Journal 2262:, 24 January 2020. 2221:on 28 August 2024. 2135:Welcome to country 2062:Australian culture 2045:Australian history 2021:Keith Windschuttle 1980:, lecturer at the 1961:Australian history 1932:Rabbit-Proof Fence 1920:Stolen Generations 1856:Cape Grim massacre 1850:, particularly in 1820:Keith Windschuttle 1678:Bringing Them Home 1662:Bringing Them Home 1601:Bringing Them Home 1594:Stolen Generations 1515:Invisible Invaders 1350:Keith Windschuttle 1232:unimprovable race. 1117:The notion of the 1049:dispossession and 1019:Keith Windschuttle 960:Keith Windschuttle 840:Bringing Them Home 717:Australian history 703:In 1968 Professor 697:Bringing Them Home 692:Stolen Generations 543:federation in 1901 364:Northern Territory 274:Chinese Australian 264:African Australian 231:Telecommunications 151:Capital punishment 10702:Political debates 10654: 10653: 10620: 10619: 10560: 10559: 10505: 10504: 10501: 10500: 10418:Catholic theology 10272:Avestan geography 10137: 10136: 10133: 10132: 10120:Søren Kierkegaard 9993: 9992: 9904:Warren G. Harding 9664: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9463: 9462: 9341:Armenian genocide 9204:Polish–Soviet War 9199:Burning of Smyrna 9185: 9184: 9175:Reichstag inquiry 9098:Patriotic consent 8969: 8968: 8944:War in the Vendée 8908:French Revolution 8890:century conflicts 8879:Peloponnesian War 8840:Eighty Years' War 8726: 8725: 8722: 8721: 8702: 8701: 8698: 8697: 8631:Westminster Stone 8328:Southern question 8167:Alltagsgeschichte 8117:Legendary Saracen 7819:Early settlements 7627: 7626: 7607:Political history 7592:Consensus history 7369: 7368: 7365: 7364: 7361: 7360: 7351:Continuity thesis 7290:Translatio studii 7176:Theory of history 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7066:Subaltern Studies 6951:Nouvelle histoire 6876: 6875: 6872: 6871: 6788:Medieval churches 6775:Geistesgeschichte 6719:Paleoanthropology 6627:Encyclopaedistics 6515: 6514: 6511: 6510: 6383:Secondary sources 6154:978-1-4128-1065-4 6095:978-1-8639-5278-1 5946:978-1-61735-528-8 5938:978-1-61735-527-1 5930:978-1-61735-526-4 5905:978-1-9216-6664-3 5889:978-1-466-38682-2 5874:online discussion 5846:978-0-522-85128-1 5823:online discussion 5742:978-1-876492-05-2 5723:978-0-7081-1802-3 5674:978-0-14-027842-2 5655:978-1-57181-411-1 5632:978-0-9750769-0-3 5613:978-0-522-85091-8 5568:978-1-84545-452-4 5509:978-1-84545-452-4 5429:Allen & Unwin 5233:on 4 January 2012 5153:on 20 August 2006 4783:, pp. 408–9. 4781:Windschuttle 2002 4769:Windschuttle 2002 4259:(17): 1300–1308. 3996:See for instance 3953:See for instance 3918:, pp. 30–31. 3877:. pp. 30–35. 3851:argument" in his 3839:See for instance 3830:, pp. 63–66. 3796:Kenneth Minogue, 3763:978-0-905990-05-7 3635:978-1-84545-452-4 3583:978-1-84511-057-4 3448:978-1-74110-008-2 3144:Queensland Review 2988:Blainey, Geoffrey 2969:on 4 April 2009. 2777:. 28 October 2004 2659:. 28 October 2006 2511:on 6 October 2009 2451:(November 2008), 2245:on 17 April 2024. 2114:Australian topics 2033:Howard government 1833:, focuses on the 1822:has disputed the 1816: 1815: 1808: 1790: 1698:Australian Greens 1667:Stolen Generation 1606:Stolen Generation 1066:Howard government 1051:cultural genocide 1045:, ill-treatment, 932:Janet Albrechtsen 907:Stolen Generation 888:political editor 652: 651: 595:national identity 563:guerrilla warfare 539:cultural conflict 521:Howard government 501: 500: 434: 433: 424:Western Australia 286:Jewish Australian 281:Indigenous people 44: 10719: 10643: 10642: 10633: 10632: 10585:Documentary film 10566: 10565: 10545:History journals 10511: 10510: 10484: 10356: 10292:Primacy of Peter 10239:Great Depression 10219: 10218: 10192: 10170: 10143: 10142: 10091:J. 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Grant 9894:Thomas Jefferson 9885: 9861: 9824: 9787: 9775: 9743: 9731: 9723:Chiang Ching-kuo 9713:Cato the Younger 9703:Amin al-Husseini 9681: 9680: 9670: 9669: 9649: 9648: 9632:War and genocide 9456: 9442:Résistancialisme 9429:Battle of France 9411:Nanjing Massacre 9265: 9264: 9146: 9145: 9142: 9106: 9056: 8938: 8921: 8894: 8893: 8821:Catharism debate 8807:pre-18th century 8789:Military history 8766: 8759: 8752: 8743: 8742: 8736:By war, conflict 8732: 8731: 8680:Cambridge School 8666: 8665: 8564: 8552: 8528: 8509: 8419: 8407: 8379: 8201: 8179:Historikerstreit 8149: 8137: 8125: 8106: 8092:Cordon sanitaire 8038:New Qing History 8026:Conquest dynasty 8017: 7932:Christianization 7915: 7914: 7834: 7747: 7735: 7723: 7701: 7689: 7681:Byzantine Empire 7536:Iquicha Royalism 7525: 7491: 7490: 7414: 7386: 7385: 7375: 7374: 7318:Age of Discovery 7307:Periodization of 7304: 7303: 7278:Transhistoricity 7273:Thirty-year rule 7184: 7172: 7129: 7128: 7118: 7117: 7098:Great Man theory 7061:People's history 7023: 6928: 6927: 6920:Three-age system 6882: 6881: 6582:Archival science 6534: 6533: 6521: 6520: 6388:Tertiary sources 6368: 6367: 6355: 6354: 6304:by area of study 6273: 6266: 6259: 6250: 6249: 6245: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6179: 6177: 6175: 6158: 6114: 6108: 6099: 6079: 6077: 6059: 6020: 5982: 5964: 5917: 5830:The History Wars 5746: 5727: 5705: 5678: 5659: 5636: 5617: 5604:The History Wars 5591: 5572: 5545: 5529: 5513: 5479: 5467: 5465: 5455: 5442: 5411: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5391: 5385: 5384: 5372: 5366: 5365: 5353: 5347: 5346: 5334: 5328: 5327: 5326:. 30 March 2016. 5316: 5310: 5309: 5302: 5296: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5280: 5274: 5273: 5271: 5269: 5255:(2 April 2006). 5249: 5243: 5242: 5240: 5238: 5223: 5217: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5185:on 28 March 2010 5184: 5177: 5169: 5163: 5162: 5160: 5158: 5149:. 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3822: 3811: 3807: 3795: 3791: 3786: 3782: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3750: 3746: 3734: 3730: 3718: 3714: 3707: 3703: 3695: 3691: 3683: 3679: 3671: 3667: 3659: 3655: 3647: 3643: 3636: 3610: 3606: 3596:Reynolds (2001) 3594: 3590: 3584: 3566: 3562: 3551: 3547: 3538: 3534: 3529: 3525: 3515: 3511: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3487: 3482:. 8 March 1879. 3474: 3473: 3469: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3435: 3431: 3424: 3408: 3404: 3389: 3383: 3379: 3370: 3366: 3350: 3346: 3330: 3326: 3316: 3314: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3265: 3261: 3250: 3246: 3231: 3217: 3213: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3174: 3160: 3156: 3140:Ferrier, Carole 3137: 3133: 3119:Wayback Machine 3106: 3102: 3092: 3090: 3089:on 4 April 2009 3081: 3080: 3076: 3061: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3044: 3033: 3032: 3028: 3018: 3016: 3015:on 27 July 2011 3005: 3001: 2985: 2978: 2959: 2955: 2945: 2943: 2930: 2926: 2916: 2914: 2901: 2897: 2887: 2885: 2878: 2874: 2864: 2862: 2850: 2846: 2825: 2821: 2811: 2809: 2808:on 9 March 2010 2794: 2790: 2780: 2778: 2767: 2766: 2762: 2752: 2750: 2737: 2736: 2732: 2722: 2720: 2705: 2704: 2700: 2690: 2688: 2677: 2676: 2672: 2662: 2660: 2649: 2648: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2619: 2615: 2605: 2603: 2590: 2589: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2566: 2559: 2550: 2546: 2528: 2524: 2514: 2512: 2495: 2491: 2481: 2479: 2469: 2465: 2447: 2443: 2435: 2431: 2423: 2419: 2414:on 6 June 2024. 2378: 2363: 2356: 2340: 2336: 2305: 2301: 2270: 2266: 2257: 2250: 2231: 2230: 2226: 2207: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2179:(United States) 2111: 2091:Attacks on the 2089: 2074: 2007: 2002: 1945: 1895:Heather Goodall 1812: 1801: 1795: 1792: 1749: 1747: 1741: 1737:primary sources 1725: 1714: 1709:Windschuttle's 1706: 1596: 1590: 1437:, and was then 1381:The arrival of 1379: 1373: 1346:Kenneth Minogue 1213: 1203: 1201:Genocide debate 1119:white blindfold 977: 972: 944: 916:Australian flag 853:Australian flag 687:political right 648: 642: 639: 636: 627: 623: 616: 497: 461: 459: 454: 453: 444: 436: 435: 388:South Australia 352:New South Wales 328:State/Territory 321: 313: 312: 259: 251: 250: 121: 113: 112: 111: 69: 65: 45: 41: 32: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10725: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10652: 10651: 10648: 10647: 10637: 10626: 10625: 10622: 10621: 10618: 10617: 10615: 10614: 10609: 10608: 10607: 10602: 10592: 10587: 10582: 10576: 10573: 10572: 10562: 10561: 10558: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10553: 10552: 10542: 10537: 10527: 10521: 10518: 10517: 10507: 10506: 10503: 10502: 10499: 10498: 10496: 10495: 10490: 10485: 10478: 10473: 10467: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10453: 10452: 10451: 10450: 10445: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10407: 10406: 10405: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10366: 10361: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10357: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10308: 10307: 10306: 10301: 10300: 10299: 10289: 10284: 10274: 10268: 10266: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10255: 10254: 10249: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10225: 10223: 10216: 10215: 10210: 10205: 10198: 10193: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10159: 10153: 10150: 10149: 10139: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10131: 10130: 10128: 10127: 10122: 10117: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10101: 10100: 10088: 10087: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10064: 10059: 10049: 10048: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10010:Charles Darwin 10007: 10001: 9999: 9995: 9994: 9991: 9990: 9988: 9987: 9982: 9980:United Kingdom 9977: 9972: 9970:Modern Germany 9967: 9962: 9956: 9954: 9943: 9942: 9930: 9918: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9889:Thomas Aquinas 9886: 9874: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9862: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9813: 9808: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9788: 9776: 9764: 9759: 9757:Horatio Nelson 9754: 9749: 9744: 9732: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9689: 9687: 9677: 9676: 9666: 9665: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9642: 9641: 9638: 9637: 9635: 9634: 9629: 9624: 9619: 9613: 9611: 9607: 9606: 9604: 9603: 9602: 9601: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9589:Responsibility 9586: 9577: 9575: 9571: 9570: 9568: 9567: 9566: 9565: 9557: 9556: 9555: 9545: 9540: 9539: 9538: 9530: 9529: 9528: 9520: 9515: 9514: 9513: 9505: 9504: 9503: 9501:New Historians 9498: 9493: 9479: 9473: 9471: 9465: 9464: 9461: 9460: 9458: 9457: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9425: 9423: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9414: 9413: 9405: 9400: 9395: 9389: 9387: 9383: 9382: 9380: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9367:Responsibility 9364: 9359: 9358: 9357: 9347: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9321: 9319: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9309: 9308: 9307: 9302: 9292: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9271: 9269: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9235: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9223: 9222: 9221: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9201: 9195: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9183: 9182: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9177: 9172: 9162: 9156: 9154: 9143: 9131: 9125:Spirit of 1914 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9095: 9085: 9082:Fischer thesis 9071: 9069: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9058: 9057: 9045: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9025: 9023:Paraguayan War 9020: 9019: 9018: 9008: 9003: 9002: 9001: 8996: 8988: 8987: 8986: 8981: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8962: 8961: 8956: 8949:Napoleonic era 8946: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8927: 8922: 8913:Pre-revolution 8904: 8902: 8898:Coalition Wars 8891: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8881: 8876: 8875: 8874: 8869: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8848: 8847: 8837: 8836: 8835: 8825: 8824: 8823: 8812: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8800: 8799: 8792: 8784: 8783: 8780: 8779: 8776:historiography 8769: 8768: 8761: 8754: 8746: 8739: 8738: 8728: 8727: 8724: 8723: 8720: 8719: 8717: 8716: 8710: 8708: 8704: 8703: 8700: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8676: 8674: 8663: 8662: 8657: 8656: 8655: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8618: 8612: 8610: 8602: 8601: 8599: 8598: 8597: 8596: 8594:Decline thesis 8591: 8584:Ottoman Empire 8581: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8553: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8530: 8529: 8510: 8498: 8493: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8466: 8464: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8456: 8455: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8434: 8433: 8432: 8422: 8421: 8420: 8411:Skeptic School 8396: 8394:Anti-Normanism 8390: 8388: 8384: 8383: 8381: 8380: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8351:Golden Liberty 8347: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8333:Neo-Bourbonism 8325: 8320: 8313: 8306: 8301: 8294: 8288: 8286: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8268: 8261: 8255: 8253: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8227: 8225: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8215: 8208: 8203: 8189: 8182: 8175: 8173:Borussian myth 8170: 8162: 8160: 8154: 8153: 8151: 8150: 8138: 8126: 8114: 8107: 8095: 8087: 8085: 8081: 8080: 8078: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8061: 8060: 8055: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8023: 8018: 8006: 8001: 7995: 7993: 7987: 7986: 7984: 7983: 7982: 7981: 7976: 7971: 7966: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7940: 7939: 7929: 7923: 7921: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7909: 7904: 7894: 7893: 7892: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7873: 7872: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7852: 7851: 7850: 7842: 7841: 7840: 7823: 7822: 7821: 7811: 7806: 7805: 7804: 7799: 7789: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7762: 7761: 7760: 7750: 7749: 7748: 7736: 7724: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7671: 7663: 7658: 7657: 7656: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7644:Dealbanisation 7635: 7633: 7629: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7622: 7621: 7616: 7615: 7614: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7588: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7566: 7564: 7558: 7557: 7555: 7554: 7553: 7552: 7540: 7539: 7538: 7528: 7527: 7526: 7514: 7508:May Revolution 7499: 7497: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7481: 7480: 7478:Staples thesis 7475: 7470: 7459: 7457: 7453: 7452: 7450: 7449: 7442: 7441: 7440: 7432: 7431: 7430: 7422: 7417: 7416: 7415: 7403: 7394: 7392: 7382: 7381: 7371: 7370: 7367: 7366: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7358: 7356: 7355: 7354: 7353: 7343: 7334: 7325: 7320: 7314: 7312: 7310:modern history 7301: 7300: 7293: 7280: 7275: 7270: 7269: 7268: 7256: 7254:Paradigm shift 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7227: 7222: 7217: 7208: 7202: 7200: 7196: 7195: 7193: 7192: 7187: 7186: 7185: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7135: 7133: 7125: 7124: 7114: 7113: 7110: 7109: 7106: 7105: 7103: 7102: 7101: 7100: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7075: 7070: 7069: 7068: 7058: 7057: 7056: 7051: 7041: 7040: 7039: 7029: 7024: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6970: 6965: 6956: 6955: 6954: 6947: 6940:Annales school 6936: 6934: 6925: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6917: 6910: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6890: 6878: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6870: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6865: 6864: 6859: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6842: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6822: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6805: 6803:Constitutional 6795: 6790: 6785: 6780: 6779: 6778: 6766: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6754: 6749: 6739: 6726: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6679:Postage stamps 6676: 6671: 6666: 6665: 6664: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6618: 6617: 6607: 6602: 6593: 6578: 6576: 6572: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6557: 6556: 6546: 6540: 6538: 6530: 6529: 6517: 6516: 6513: 6512: 6509: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6504: 6503: 6493: 6488: 6483: 6478: 6476:Oral tradition 6473: 6472: 6471: 6461: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6400: 6398: 6394: 6393: 6391: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6374: 6372: 6364: 6363: 6351: 6350: 6347: 6346: 6339: 6332: 6325: 6317: 6316: 6309: 6308: 6307: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6283: 6280:Historiography 6276: 6275: 6268: 6261: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6238: 6228:on 8 June 2010 6217: 6210: 6209:External links 6207: 6206: 6205: 6180: 6159: 6153: 6140: 6126: 6115: 6100: 6094: 6069: 6060: 6058:. No. 35. 6043: 6032: 6021: 6012: 5990: 5983: 5953: 5950: 5949: 5948: 5918: 5904: 5891: 5877: 5862: 5848: 5826: 5815: 5801: 5787: 5773: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5747: 5741: 5728: 5722: 5706: 5692: 5679: 5673: 5660: 5654: 5637: 5631: 5618: 5612: 5599: 5592: 5586: 5573: 5567: 5557:-101, esp. p. 5546: 5530: 5514: 5508: 5496:Berghahn Books 5488:Moses, A. Dirk 5480: 5469: 5456: 5443: 5437: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5386: 5367: 5348: 5329: 5311: 5297: 5275: 5244: 5218: 5196: 5164: 5133: 5108: 5096: 5070: 5035: 5009: 4983: 4963: 4943: 4930:The Australian 4915: 4887: 4875:The Australian 4861: 4835: 4800: 4785: 4773: 4761: 4733: 4703: 4678: 4658: 4640: 4618: 4593: 4559: 4533: 4500: 4474: 4448: 4439: 4412: 4408:“The Conquest” 4391: 4379: 4366: 4362:Campbell (2002 4353: 4341: 4328: 4316: 4304: 4292: 4288:“Poxy History” 4280: 4239: 4235:Ockham's Razor 4221: 4208: 4195: 4183: 4181: 4180: 4179:, 17 Apr 2014. 4177:Ockham’s Razor 4173: 4158: 4156:, p. 113. 4143: 4131: 4122: 4081: 4064: 4051: 4033: 4021: 4017:Campbell (2002 4008: 4004:“Poxy History” 3989: 3972: 3959: 3946: 3933: 3920: 3908: 3892: 3890:, p. 227. 3880: 3861: 3859:, 9 June 2016. 3832: 3820: 3805: 3789: 3780: 3769: 3762: 3744: 3736:Reynolds (2001 3728: 3712: 3701: 3699:, p. 230. 3689: 3687:, p. 247. 3677: 3665: 3663:, p. 243. 3653: 3641: 3634: 3626:Berghahn Books 3618:Moses, A. Dirk 3604: 3602:, p. 245) 3600:Curthoys (2008 3588: 3582: 3560: 3545: 3532: 3523: 3509: 3495: 3485: 3467: 3454: 3447: 3429: 3422: 3402: 3377: 3364: 3344: 3324: 3302: 3290: 3259: 3244: 3229: 3211: 3209:, p. 114. 3199: 3154: 3131: 3100: 3074: 3054: 3026: 3007:Howard, John. 2999: 2976: 2953: 2924: 2895: 2872: 2844: 2834:The Australian 2819: 2802:The Australian 2788: 2760: 2743:The Australian 2730: 2698: 2670: 2642: 2613: 2583: 2557: 2544: 2522: 2504:The Australian 2489: 2463: 2441: 2439:, p. 214. 2429: 2417: 2361: 2354: 2334: 2299: 2280:(116): 76–90. 2264: 2258:Walter Marsh, 2248: 2224: 2199: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2192: 2189:New Historians 2186: 2180: 2174: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2137: 2132: 2127: 2122: 2110: 2107: 2088: 2083: 2073: 2070: 2053:Miranda Devine 2006: 2003: 2001: 1998: 1944: 1938: 1891:Marcia Langton 1887:Stephen Muecke 1873:and Professor 1871:Henry Reynolds 1842:and Professor 1840:Henry Reynolds 1824:historiography 1818:The historian 1814: 1813: 1728: 1726: 1719: 1713: 1707: 1705: 1702: 1592:Main article: 1589: 1586: 1582:Arthur Phillip 1503:Ockham’s Razor 1480:"two cultures" 1405:Arthur Phillip 1372: 1369: 1338:Henry Reynolds 1316:Henry Reynolds 1289:Ward Churchill 1281:Raphael Lemkin 1225:Robert Herbert 1202: 1199: 1190:Henry Reynolds 1160:by journalist 1134:Henry Reynolds 1099:Stephen Muecke 1087:black-arm view 976: 973: 971: 968: 943: 940: 924:Robert Menzies 890:Peter Hartcher 808:Marcia Langton 791:The Australian 741:Henry Reynolds 726:historiography 709:anthropologist 683:political left 664:race relations 650: 649: 630: 628: 621: 615: 612: 603:oral tradition 591: 590: 578: 499: 498: 496: 495: 488: 481: 473: 470: 469: 456: 455: 452: 451: 445: 442: 441: 438: 437: 432: 431: 426: 420: 419: 414: 408: 407: 402: 396: 395: 390: 384: 383: 378: 372: 371: 366: 360: 359: 354: 348: 347: 342: 336: 335: 330: 322: 319: 318: 315: 314: 311: 310: 309: 308: 303: 293: 288: 283: 278: 277: 276: 266: 260: 257: 256: 253: 252: 249: 248: 243: 238: 236:Rail transport 233: 228: 223: 218: 213: 208: 203: 198: 196:Historiography 193: 188: 183: 178: 173: 168: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 122: 119: 118: 115: 114: 110: 109: 104: 99: 94: 88: 87: 86: 81: 76: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 50: 49: 37: 36: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10724: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10664: 10662: 10646: 10638: 10636: 10628: 10627: 10623: 10613: 10610: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10596: 10593: 10591: 10588: 10586: 10583: 10581: 10578: 10577: 10574: 10567: 10563: 10551: 10548: 10547: 10546: 10543: 10541: 10538: 10535: 10531: 10528: 10526: 10523: 10522: 10519: 10512: 10508: 10494: 10491: 10489: 10486: 10483: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10471:Merton thesis 10469: 10468: 10466: 10461: 10457: 10449: 10446: 10444: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10423:Panbabylonism 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10403: 10399: 10398: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10354: 10349: 10346: 10345: 10344: 10341: 10340: 10339: 10336: 10332: 10329: 10327: 10324: 10322: 10319: 10317: 10314: 10313: 10312: 10309: 10305: 10302: 10298: 10295: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10279: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10269: 10267: 10265: 10261: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10244: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10220: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10191: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10168: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10154: 10151: 10144: 10140: 10126: 10123: 10121: 10118: 10116: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10099: 10098: 10094: 10093: 10092: 10089: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10065: 10063: 10060: 10058: 10055: 10054: 10053: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10032: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10002: 10000: 9996: 9986: 9985:United States 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9958: 9957: 9955: 9953: 9947: 9939: 9934: 9931: 9927: 9922: 9919: 9915: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9883: 9878: 9875: 9873: 9870: 9866: 9865:Bolivarianism 9863: 9859: 9854: 9851: 9850: 9849: 9848:Simon Bolivar 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9822: 9817: 9814: 9812: 9809: 9807: 9804: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9792: 9789: 9785: 9780: 9779:Joseph Stalin 9777: 9773: 9768: 9765: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9741: 9736: 9733: 9729: 9724: 9721: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9690: 9688: 9682: 9678: 9671: 9667: 9652: 9644: 9643: 9639: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9600: 9597: 9596: 9594: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9578: 9576: 9574:Post-Cold War 9572: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9554: 9551: 9550: 9549: 9548:Falklands War 9546: 9544: 9543:Iran–Iraq War 9541: 9537: 9534: 9533: 9531: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9519: 9516: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9502: 9499: 9497: 9494: 9492: 9491:Ongoing Nakba 9488: 9485: 9484: 9483: 9480: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9470: 9466: 9454: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9443: 9439: 9437: 9436: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9426: 9424: 9422:Western Front 9420: 9412: 9409: 9408: 9406: 9404: 9403:Bengal famine 9401: 9399: 9396: 9394: 9391: 9390: 9388: 9384: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9356: 9353: 9352: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9322: 9320: 9318: 9317:The Holocaust 9314: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9272: 9270: 9268:Eastern Front 9266: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9232: 9228: 9220: 9217: 9216: 9214: 9210: 9207: 9206: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9192: 9188: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9155: 9153: 9147: 9140: 9135: 9132: 9130: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9104: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9089: 9086: 9083: 9079: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9054: 9049: 9046: 9044: 9041: 9040: 9038: 9034: 9031: 9030: 9029: 9026: 9024: 9021: 9017: 9014: 9013: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9000: 8999:Paris Commune 8997: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8985: 8984:Turning point 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8975: 8972: 8971: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8950: 8947: 8945: 8942: 8936: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8919: 8914: 8911: 8910: 8909: 8906: 8905: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8892: 8888:18th and 19th 8886: 8880: 8877: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8864: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8850: 8846: 8843: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8834: 8833:Islamic views 8831: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8822: 8819: 8818: 8817: 8814: 8813: 8811: 8805: 8798: 8797: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8786: 8785: 8781: 8777: 8774: 8767: 8762: 8760: 8755: 8753: 8748: 8747: 8744: 8740: 8733: 8729: 8715: 8712: 8711: 8709: 8705: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8675: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8658: 8654: 8651: 8650: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8623: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8613: 8611: 8609: 8603: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8582: 8580: 8577: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8562: 8557: 8556:Ser de España 8554: 8550: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8526: 8521: 8518: 8517: 8516: 8515: 8511: 8507: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8491: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8471: 8468: 8467: 8465: 8461: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8435: 8431: 8428: 8427: 8426: 8423: 8417: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8405: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8385: 8377: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8342: 8334: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8318: 8314: 8312: 8311: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8283: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8266: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8254: 8252: 8248: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8226: 8224: 8220: 8214: 8213: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8194: 8190: 8188: 8187: 8183: 8181: 8180: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8168: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8147: 8142: 8139: 8135: 8130: 8127: 8123: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8099: 8096: 8094: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8086: 8082: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8059: 8056: 8054: 8051: 8050: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8039: 8036: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8024: 8022: 8019: 8015: 8010: 8007: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7996: 7994: 7992: 7988: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7974:Ottoman claim 7972: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7954:Prosopography 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7938: 7935: 7934: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7916: 7908: 7907:Trưng sisters 7905: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7871: 7868: 7867: 7865: 7861: 7858: 7857: 7856: 7853: 7849: 7846: 7845: 7843: 7839: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7827: 7824: 7820: 7817: 7816: 7815: 7812: 7810: 7807: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7781: 7778: 7777: 7775: 7771: 7768: 7767: 7766: 7763: 7759: 7758: 7754: 7753: 7751: 7745: 7740: 7737: 7733: 7728: 7725: 7721: 7716: 7713: 7712: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7699: 7694: 7691: 7690: 7687: 7682: 7679: 7677: 7674: 7670: 7667: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7655: 7654:Habsburg myth 7652: 7651: 7649: 7645: 7642: 7641: 7640: 7637: 7636: 7634: 7630: 7620: 7617: 7613: 7610: 7609: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7593: 7590: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7576: 7573: 7572: 7571: 7568: 7567: 7565: 7563: 7562:United States 7559: 7551: 7550: 7546: 7545: 7544: 7541: 7537: 7534: 7533: 7532: 7529: 7523: 7518: 7515: 7513: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7504: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7495:Latin America 7492: 7486: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7464: 7461: 7460: 7458: 7454: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7429: 7426: 7425: 7423: 7421: 7418: 7412: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7398: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7372: 7352: 7349: 7348: 7347: 7344: 7342: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7329: 7326: 7324: 7321: 7319: 7316: 7315: 7313: 7311: 7305: 7299: 7298: 7294: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7285: 7281: 7279: 7276: 7274: 7271: 7267: 7264: 7263: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7255: 7252: 7250: 7247: 7245: 7242: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7231: 7228: 7226: 7223: 7221: 7218: 7216: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7201: 7197: 7191: 7188: 7182: 7177: 7174: 7173: 7170: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7136: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7119: 7115: 7099: 7096: 7095: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7088:Transnational 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7074: 7071: 7067: 7064: 7063: 7062: 7059: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7045: 7042: 7038: 7035: 7034: 7033: 7030: 7028: 7025: 7021: 7016: 7013: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6979: 6978:Decoloniality 6976: 6975: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6959:Historiometry 6957: 6953: 6952: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6942: 6941: 6938: 6937: 6935: 6929: 6921: 6918: 6916: 6915: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6905: 6904: 6903:Periodization 6901: 6899: 6896: 6895: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6879: 6863: 6860: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6848: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6841: 6838: 6836: 6833: 6831: 6828: 6826: 6823: 6821: 6818: 6817: 6816: 6813: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6800: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6777: 6776: 6772: 6771: 6770: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6758: 6755: 6753: 6750: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6716: 6713: 6712: 6710: 6706: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6689:Sigillography 6687: 6685: 6684:Prosopography 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6659: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6601: 6597: 6594: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6580: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6561:Local history 6559: 6555: 6554:Human history 6552: 6551: 6550: 6549:World history 6547: 6545: 6542: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6502: 6499: 6498: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6482: 6479: 6477: 6474: 6470: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6462: 6460: 6457: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6430: 6427: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6361: 6356: 6352: 6345: 6344: 6340: 6338: 6337: 6333: 6331: 6330: 6326: 6324: 6323: 6319: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6296: 6295: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6285: 6281: 6274: 6269: 6267: 6262: 6260: 6255: 6254: 6251: 6244:. Aph.gov.au. 6243: 6239: 6227: 6223: 6218: 6216: 6213: 6212: 6194: 6190: 6186: 6181: 6169: 6165: 6160: 6156: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6124: 6120: 6116: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6097: 6091: 6087: 6086: 6076: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6053: 6051: 6044: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6018: 6013: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5991: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5973:(3): 425–33. 5972: 5968: 5961: 5956: 5955: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5915: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5897: 5892: 5890: 5886: 5882: 5878: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5864:Munro, Doug. 5863: 5861: 5860:0-9750769-0-6 5857: 5854:. Melbourne. 5853: 5849: 5847: 5843: 5839: 5838:0-522-85128-2 5835: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5820: 5816: 5814: 5813:1-876492-12-0 5810: 5806: 5802: 5800: 5799:0-86840-756-9 5796: 5792: 5788: 5786: 5785:1-876944-11-0 5782: 5778: 5774: 5772: 5771:1-74114-577-5 5768: 5765:, Melbourne. 5764: 5760: 5759: 5744: 5738: 5734: 5729: 5725: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5695: 5689: 5685: 5680: 5676: 5670: 5666: 5661: 5657: 5651: 5647: 5643: 5638: 5634: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5615: 5609: 5605: 5600: 5597: 5593: 5589: 5587:9781922464460 5583: 5579: 5574: 5570: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5523: 5519: 5515: 5511: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5484:Curthoys, Ann 5481: 5477: 5476: 5470: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5444: 5440: 5438:086-8-61223-5 5434: 5430: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5382: 5381:The Telegraph 5378: 5371: 5363: 5359: 5352: 5344: 5343:The New Daily 5340: 5333: 5325: 5321: 5315: 5307: 5301: 5285: 5279: 5264: 5263: 5258: 5254: 5248: 5232: 5228: 5222: 5206: 5200: 5181: 5174: 5168: 5152: 5148: 5144: 5137: 5122: 5118: 5112: 5105: 5100: 5084: 5080: 5074: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5039: 5023: 5019: 5013: 4997: 4993: 4987: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4967: 4961: 4960:0-522-85091-X 4957: 4953: 4947: 4932: 4931: 4926: 4919: 4904: 4903: 4898: 4891: 4876: 4872: 4865: 4849: 4845: 4839: 4823: 4819: 4815: 4811: 4804: 4798: 4797:Foster (2003) 4794: 4789: 4782: 4777: 4770: 4765: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4738: 4718: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4688: 4682: 4673: 4669: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4644: 4628: 4622: 4607: 4603: 4597: 4582: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4568:Manne, Robert 4563: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4521: 4517: 4513: 4507: 4505: 4488: 4484: 4478: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4452: 4443: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4416: 4409: 4405: 4401: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4376: 4370: 4363: 4360:As argued by 4357: 4350: 4349:Campbell 2002 4345: 4338: 4332: 4326: 4320: 4313: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4289: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4267: 4262: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4243: 4237:, 3 May 2009. 4236: 4232: 4231: 4225: 4218: 4212: 4205: 4199: 4192: 4187: 4178: 4174: 4171: 4167: 4166: 4162: 4155: 4150: 4148: 4141:, p. 23. 4140: 4135: 4126: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4085: 4078: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4055: 4048: 4044: 4043: 4037: 4030: 4025: 4018: 4012: 4005: 4002:, 2000; also 4001: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3982: 3976: 3969: 3963: 3956: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3930: 3924: 3917: 3912: 3905: 3904:Campbell 2002 3901: 3896: 3889: 3888:Campbell 2002 3884: 3876: 3872: 3865: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3849:Empty Country 3846: 3842: 3836: 3829: 3824: 3816: 3809: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3784: 3778: 3773: 3765: 3759: 3755: 3748: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3726: 3722: 3716: 3710: 3705: 3698: 3697:Curthoys 2008 3693: 3686: 3685:Curthoys 2008 3681: 3675:, p. 98. 3674: 3669: 3662: 3661:Curthoys 2008 3657: 3651:, p. 27. 3650: 3645: 3637: 3631: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3608: 3601: 3597: 3592: 3585: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3564: 3556: 3549: 3542: 3536: 3527: 3520: 3519: 3513: 3506: 3505: 3499: 3489: 3481: 3477: 3471: 3464: 3458: 3450: 3444: 3440: 3433: 3425: 3419: 3415: 3414: 3406: 3399: 3397: 3388: 3381: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3361:0-9750769-0-6 3358: 3354: 3348: 3342: 3341:1-74114-577-5 3338: 3334: 3328: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3263: 3255: 3248: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3230:0-86445-124-5 3226: 3222: 3215: 3208: 3207:Reynolds 1999 3203: 3184: 3180: 3173: 3170:Clark, Anna. 3165: 3158: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3135: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3088: 3084: 3078: 3070: 3069: 3064: 3058: 3042: 3041: 3036: 3030: 3014: 3010: 3003: 2995: 2994: 2989: 2983: 2981: 2973: 2968: 2964: 2957: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2928: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2899: 2883: 2876: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2848: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2830: 2823: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2792: 2776: 2775: 2770: 2764: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2734: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2708: 2702: 2686: 2685: 2680: 2674: 2658: 2657: 2652: 2646: 2630: 2629: 2624: 2617: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2587: 2571: 2564: 2562: 2554: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2533: 2526: 2510: 2506: 2505: 2500: 2493: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2460: 2459: 2454: 2450: 2445: 2438: 2433: 2426: 2421: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2374: 2372: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2357: 2355:9781863952781 2351: 2347: 2346: 2338: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2303: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2268: 2261: 2255: 2253: 2244: 2240: 2239: 2234: 2228: 2220: 2216: 2215: 2210: 2204: 2200: 2190: 2187: 2184: 2181: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2168: 2167: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2131: 2128: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2116: 2115: 2106: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2094: 2093:aboriginality 2087: 2082: 2079: 2069: 2067: 2063: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2049:black armband 2046: 2042: 2037: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013: 2000:Controversies 1997: 1995: 1994:Anthony Mason 1991: 1987: 1983: 1979: 1978:Greg Melluish 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1904: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1810: 1807: 1799: 1788: 1785: 1781: 1778: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1760: 1757: – 1756: 1752: 1751:Find sources: 1745: 1739: 1738: 1734: 1729:This section 1727: 1723: 1718: 1717: 1712: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1663: 1656: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1615:Ronald Wilson 1611: 1607: 1603: 1602: 1595: 1585: 1583: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1566: 1562: 1558: 1557: 1551: 1547: 1545: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1508: 1504: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1474: 1469: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1452: 1446: 1442: 1440: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1418: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1401: 1396: 1393: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1368: 1365: 1361: 1360: 1354: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1339: 1335: 1333: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:Jared Diamond 1294: 1290: 1286: 1285:Robert Hughes 1282: 1276: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1238:Native Police 1233: 1228: 1226: 1220: 1218: 1212: 1208: 1198: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1181: 1179: 1174: 1172: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1158:Massacre Myth 1154: 1151: 1149: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1126: 1124: 1120: 1115: 1112: 1108: 1104: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1088: 1084: 1078: 1073: 1071: 1067: 1062: 1060: 1059:Old Testament 1056: 1055:Manning Clark 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1005: 1002: 997: 995: 989: 985: 984: 967: 965: 961: 957: 954:known as the 953: 949: 939: 937: 933: 927: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908: 903: 898: 895: 891: 887: 886: 881: 877: 872: 870: 866: 862: 858: 854: 850: 845: 841: 837: 833: 828: 824: 820: 816: 811: 809: 805: 804: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 783: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 758: 756: 755:black armband 752: 751: 746: 742: 738: 737:Manning Clark 733: 731: 727: 722: 718: 714: 713:Boyer Lecture 710: 706: 701: 699: 698: 693: 688: 684: 680: 675: 673: 669: 665: 661: 657: 646: 634: 629: 620: 619: 611: 608: 604: 600: 597:, as well as 596: 588: 583: 579: 576: 572: 568: 564: 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Retrieved 6226:the original 6197:. Retrieved 6188: 6172:. Retrieved 6144: 6129: 6122: 6118: 6110: 6084: 6066: 6056:Labor Review 6055: 6049: 6039: 6035: 6028: 5986: 5970: 5966: 5921: 5895: 5880: 5865: 5851: 5829: 5818: 5817:Longo, Don. 5804: 5790: 5776: 5762: 5732: 5713: 5683: 5664: 5641: 5622: 5603: 5577: 5550: 5537: 5521: 5491: 5474: 5447: 5424: 5405:12 September 5403:. Retrieved 5399: 5389: 5380: 5370: 5362:The Guardian 5361: 5351: 5342: 5332: 5323: 5314: 5300: 5288:. Retrieved 5278: 5266:. Retrieved 5260: 5247: 5235:. Retrieved 5231:the original 5221: 5209:. Retrieved 5199: 5187:. Retrieved 5180:the original 5167: 5155:. Retrieved 5151:the original 5146: 5136: 5124:. Retrieved 5120: 5111: 5099: 5087:. Retrieved 5083:the original 5073: 5061:. Retrieved 5057:the original 5052: 5046: 5038: 5026:. Retrieved 5021: 5012: 5000:. Retrieved 4995: 4986: 4975: 4966: 4951: 4946: 4934:. Retrieved 4928: 4918: 4906:. Retrieved 4900: 4890: 4878:. Retrieved 4874: 4864: 4852:. 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Retrieved 2476: 2466: 2456: 2449:Robert Manne 2444: 2437:Stanner 1979 2432: 2425:Stanner 1979 2420: 2412:the original 2389: 2385: 2344: 2337: 2312: 2308: 2302: 2277: 2273: 2267: 2243:the original 2236: 2227: 2219:the original 2212: 2203: 2165: 2164: 2113: 2112: 2100: 2097:Bruce Pascoe 2090: 2085: 2075: 2038: 2017:conservative 2010: 2008: 1973: 1956: 1946: 1941: 1930: 1926: 1924: 1915: 1910: 1908: 1901: 1899: 1879:Robert Manne 1875:Lyndall Ryan 1866: 1864: 1860: 1844:Lyndall Ryan 1830: 1828: 1817: 1802: 1793: 1783: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1750: 1730: 1710: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1660: 1657: 1646:Robert Manne 1639: 1599: 1597: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1560: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1540:H. A. Willis 1537: 1533: 1528: 1524: 1518: 1514: 1512: 1502: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484:Frank Fenner 1477: 1464: 1460: 1450: 1447: 1443: 1432: 1425: 1413: 1409: 1397: 1388: 1380: 1357: 1355: 1343: 1336: 1328: 1320:Ann Curthoys 1309: 1304: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1257: 1251: 1245: 1243: 1235: 1230: 1221: 1214: 1186:Lyndall Ryan 1182: 1177: 1175: 1170: 1157: 1155: 1146: 1136:referred to 1129: 1128:In his book 1127: 1118: 1116: 1111:Noel Pearson 1097: 1092: 1086: 1080: 1075: 1063: 1043:exploitation 1023:pejoratively 1015:Robert Manne 1008: 1006: 1001:Three Cheers 1000: 991: 990:in his 1993 980: 978: 964:Robert Manne 945: 928: 905: 899: 883: 875: 873: 839: 815:Mark McKenna 812: 801: 795: 789: 769: 762:culture wars 759: 748: 734: 702: 695: 676: 660:Paul Keating 653: 640: 632: 592: 525: 505:history wars 504: 502: 332: 327: 166:Constitution 156:Civil rights 136:Antisemitism 107:1945–present 31: 25: 10590:Hagiography 10351: [ 10311:Early Islam 10165: [ 10057:Historicity 10035:Historicity 10025:Jane Austen 10005:The Beatles 9975:Netherlands 9936: [ 9933:Zhuge Liang 9924: [ 9912: [ 9909:Yuan Shikai 9880: [ 9877:Sun Yat Tse 9856: [ 9819: [ 9782: [ 9770: [ 9767:Jiang Zemin 9738: [ 9726: [ 9718:Che Guevara 9451: [ 9386:Pacific War 9170:Article 231 9160:Reparations 9137: [ 9101: [ 9078:Color books 9067:World War I 9051: [ 9028:War of 1812 8933: [ 8916: [ 8901:(1792–1815) 8872:Sea Peoples 8857:Gallic Wars 8559: [ 8547: [ 8534:Revisionist 8523: [ 8514:Reconquista 8504: [ 8496:Inquisition 8490:Convivencia 8414: [ 8402: [ 8374: [ 8271:Revisionism 8196: [ 8144: [ 8132: [ 8120: [ 8101: [ 8043:Golden ages 8012: [ 8009:Wunu School 8004:Archaeology 7877:Switzerland 7860:Kosovo Myth 7848:Great Union 7829: [ 7814:Philippines 7797:Nationalist 7770:Ages of Man 7742: [ 7730: [ 7718: [ 7696: [ 7684: [ 7520: [ 7517:Revisionist 7409: [ 7346:Renaissance 7211:Coloniality 7179: [ 7167: [ 7159:Historicity 7083:Revisionist 7073:Pop history 7044:Nationalist 7018: [ 6963:Cliometrics 6931:Approaches, 6887:Methodology 6783:Linguistics 6733:Environment 6699:Vexillology 6622:Diplomatics 6605:Chorography 6544:Big History 6496:War diaries 6469:Illuminated 6464:Manuscripts 6449:Hieroglyphs 6329:historicity 5914:j.ctt24h8pk 5872:; also see 5870:online free 5667:. Penguin. 5498:. pp. 5106:, Foreword. 4726:14 February 4696:14 February 4586:29 December 4580:The Monthly 4522:. Melbourne 4493:15 February 4337:Clio Medica 4060:Butlin 1983 3815:The Monthly 3673:Docker 2008 3598:, cited in 3150:(1): 42–49. 3108:Clark, Anna 2942:. Melbourne 2913:. Melbourne 2631:. Melbourne 2458:The Monthly 2386:M/C Journal 1642:Andrew Bolt 1635:Hal Wootten 1627:Ron Brunton 1456:variolation 1435:First Fleet 1392:First Fleet 1359:The Monthly 1301:Ben Kiernan 1269:Bowen Downs 1178:Fabrication 1061:phrases". 1039:imperialism 994:John Latham 948:culture war 865:Kim Beazley 786:broadsheets 782:high school 774:controversy 724:Australian 672:John Howard 643:August 2016 607:ideological 531:culture war 306:Transgender 201:Immigration 131:Agriculture 43:History of 10661:Categories 10645:Multimedia 10464:Technology 10428:Urreligion 10331:Kharijites 10282:Background 9950:Historical 9921:Zhou Enlai 9816:Mao Zedong 9811:Louis Riel 9584:Background 9435:Guilty Men 9377:Uniqueness 9300:Background 9295:Winter War 9219:Background 9152:Versailles 9006:Great Game 8653:Ricardians 8648:Tudor myth 8366:Partitions 7959:Succession 7249:Narratives 7234:Presentism 7190:Philosophy 7010:Humanistic 6898:Case study 6830:Indigenous 6808:Diplomatic 6752:Capitalism 6652:Onomastics 6610:Chronology 6439:Facsimiles 6424:Chronicles 6322:historians 6293:Historians 6220:Ed Lewis. 5807:. Sydney. 5693:0670912204 5417:References 5126:3 February 5117:"About Us" 4936:10 January 4908:10 January 4902:Herald Sun 4547:Herald Sun 4457:Wootten, H 4103:(4): 278. 3873:. Sydney: 3649:Moses 2004 3019:16 January 2140:Marn Grook 1955:published 1953:Anna Clark 1796:March 2020 1766:newspapers 1733:references 1682:Kevin Rudd 1650:historical 1205:See also: 1148:Townsville 1083:Kevin Rudd 952:think tank 894:Kevin Rudd 836:Don Watson 679:think-tank 376:Queensland 186:Federation 74:Prehistory 10433:Perennial 10222:Economics 10174:Feudalism 9960:Australia 9708:Aurangzeb 9684:Political 9674:By person 9355:Pius Wars 9150:Treaty of 8809:conflicts 8616:Poor Laws 8479:Hispanism 8356:Sarmatism 8186:Sonderweg 7944:Expansion 7669:Litvinism 7503:Argentina 7337:Long 18th 7220:Dark Ages 7000:Historism 6798:Political 6737:Geography 6674:Philology 6637:Genealogy 6632:Epigraphy 6575:By source 6414:Artifacts 5383:. London. 2408:1441-2616 2329:162291985 2294:143930425 2196:Footnotes 2185:(Germany) 1969:Enola Gay 1848:massacres 1835:Black War 1653:denialism 1623:Coalition 1509:theory: 1403:Governor 1364:David Day 1293:Leo Kuper 1162:Rod Moran 1132:in 1999, 1107:Anzac Day 920:ANZAC Day 869:Gallipoli 861:Bob Hawke 849:ANZAC Day 766:Coalition 656:Australia 417:Melbourne 320:By region 176:Economics 171:Diplomacy 141:Anzac Day 102:1901–1945 97:1851–1900 92:1788–1850 46:Australia 10635:Category 10550:template 10264:Religion 10115:Socrates 10030:Muhammed 9952:rankings 9833:Napoleon 9651:Category 9469:Cold War 9372:Slovakia 8959:Waterloo 8828:Crusades 8773:Military 8621:Scotland 8579:Kemalist 7901:Nam tiến 7896:Vietnam 7886:Ukraine 7844:Romania 7826:Portugal 7752:Georgia 7727:Medieval 7676:Bulgaria 7665:Belarus 7650:Austria 7456:Americas 7424:Morocco 7420:Ethiopia 7199:Specific 7122:Concepts 7027:Leninist 6985:Feminist 6973:Critical 6820:Feminism 6793:Military 6747:Business 6742:Economic 6724:Cultural 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