460:
780:
830:
737:
Prime
Minister, refused them aid, saying that the Legion had been handed in full to Spain. King Louis Philippe I was similarly reluctant and refused to send reinforcements from France's regular army. Resources and troops were needed for the more pressing conquest of Algeria—sending the French army into Spain would further divide and fatigue French troops. Furthermore, the King wanted to avoid France from becoming further entrenched in the Spanish war. Dissatisfied with his government's response, Bernelle resigned and returned to France.
476:
revolutionaries. However, not all who enlisted did so out of the expected, voluntary motives. For example, adventurers enlisted hoping to be sent overseas, especially to Africa, which remained relatively unexplored at the time. The resulting Legion was a motley crew with a wide range of national backgrounds and political orientations. Inevitably, inactivity while waiting for assignments and the nationalism harbored by certain
Legionnaires caused internal tensions, soon exposing the lack of cohesion within the Legion.
113:
684:, Minister of Interior, the Legion was ceded to Queen Isabella II. On June 29, a royal ordinance stipulated that the entirety of the Foreign Legion (including the sick, imprisoned, and those on leave) was no longer part of the French Army. Severe sanctions for insubordination were imposed on soldiers who attempted to resist the change.
434:
Art. 6 – To enlist, foreigners should not be more than forty and should be at least eighteen years old, with a minimum height of 1.55m. They should be attested by and in possession of an acceptance certificate from the competent military authority, who asserts that they have the appropriate qualities
899:
The conquest of
Algeria was followed by another twenty years of mobilization. After the capture of Constantine, the Legion regrouped in Algiers, numbering 2,823 men on November 10, 1838. It continued to fight, distinguishing itself at Djidjelli, Medea and Miliana, often victorious with heavy losses.
736:
In Spain, the Legion became increasingly isolated, only receiving sporadic reinforcements. Conditions were poor; equipment and supplies were insufficient, pay was irregular, and decorations and promotions were rare. The government in Paris turned a deaf ear to soldiers' concerns; Adolphe Thiers, now
479:
To compound the Legion's problems, officers and non-commissioned officers were also needed, but those of the former
Imperial Army were too old and not adapted to the changing nature of warfare. Newly recruited foreign officers were unfamiliar with the French language and sometimes came from military
787:
The departure of the Legion to Spain in 1835 left a void within the French military, which needed ever-more men for its wars in Africa and Spain. Foreigners remained numerous in France, so a New Legion was formed in
December 1835, with its first battalion garrisoned in Paris. On March 22, 1836, two
756:
In 1838, the Legion was a shadow of its former self, living in poor conditions, without resources, and surrounded by
Carlists. It was not until December 8 that Isabella II finally granted its dissolution. The Legion left Zaragoza on January 2, 1839, and crossed the Pyrenees back to France, starving
387:
Art. 6 – Pour être reçus à s'engager, les Étranger devront n'avoir pas plus de quarante ans, et avoir au moins dix-huit ans accomplis, et la taille de 1m55. Ils devront en outre être porteur d'un certificat d'acceptation de l'autorité militaire constatant qu'ils ont les qualités requises pour faire
160:. In its July 26, 1792 decree, the Assembly stated that "if the enemies' kingdoms would deploy numerous armies against the free people, it is important for these free people to admit into their ranks all the men whose sublime impulse calls to fight for the sacred cause of Liberty." Accordingly, the
788:
general staff headquarters companies were formed, and on June 26, the battalion was complete. To support the war in Spain, the government dismissed the battalion on August 11, 1836, and sent it to Spain. These were the last reinforcements for the
Legionnaires in fighting in the First Carlist War.
903:
The Legion was permanently garrisoned in
Algeria and France in 1840. The Legion expanded, assimilating the survivors of the First Legion and even many of the Carlists who had fled to France after their failed revolution. A reform issued by the intermediary royal ordinance of December 30, 1840,
350:
was very unpopular domestically and contributed to low army morale. Louis
Philippe I was a pacifist and did not want to defy public opinion by using the French military, nor did he wish to upset his military command by endangering French lives. To overcome these problems, the idea of a Foreign
879:
breached the fortress, and, on
October 13, the men launched an assault. The Legionnaires under Colonel Combes, their former chief, engaged in close-quarters hand-to-hand combat, clearing the most important areas. After three hours of fighting, the Legion and the other brigades managed to take
475:
Though the former Swiss regiments and the Hohenloe regiment formed a professional nucleus within the Legion, the experience of recruits varied greatly. Initially, the Legion attracted foreign nationals from all walks of life and succeeded in its goal of diminishing the number of potential
338:
required a way to keep dangerous elements of his regular army busy, regardless of whether they were French or foreign nationals. There were also concerns about certain soldiers being foreign insurrectionists or volunteer fighters who had joined the army in the hope of continuing the
946:, and other territories that eventually became part of the French empire. According to Blanchard, the Legion became part of colonization "in the professed name of civilization and racial superiority, at a time of rising nationalism and... rivalries between European powers."
677:. France was reluctant to interfere in Spanish affairs and risk compromising European peace, and so did not want to send the regular French Army to aid Spain. In the end, sending the Foreign Legion was seen to be the most justifiable course of French involvement.
719:
The Legion often fought alone and, as a result, slowly became more autonomous. Bernelle supplemented his troops with three squadrons of lancers, a howitzer battery for support, and a medical company, marking the beginning of Foreign Legion in its modern form.
480:
branches other than the army. Amidst the confusion, insubordination and desertion were common and punishments were harsh. Tensions reached a height in mid-May, when the National Guard was called upon to prevent a possible rebellion. 20 soldiers were arrested.
289:. Between 1806 and 1814, there were 60 foreign units commanded by 136 generals. Many of these were European volunteers; conscripts came only from regions annexed by the Empire. It is estimated that out of the 400,000 soldiers who initially participated in the
43:(1833–1840). After the Legion was essentially abandoned by the French government during the First Carlist War, a second Legion was formed in 1836. This Legion would become the modern Foreign Legion and would participate in the expansion and maintenance of the
817:, which recognized the sovereignty of France in certain Algerian regions, were agreed upon. Despite the treaty, however, the peace was uneasy, and the Legion undertook harsh expeditions in the valley of Isser to reduce rebel activity which extended as far as
380:
Art. 3 – Pour la solde, les masses et son administration, la Légion Étrangère sera assimilée aux régiments français. L'uniforme sera bleu avec le simple passepoil garance et le pantalon de même couleur, les boutons seront jaunes et porteront les mots Légion
723:
As the fighting progressed, the Legion's losses mounted. On April 15, 1836, 117 had been killed, 380 had died of wounds or disease, and 83 had deserted. At Tirapequi on April 26, 500 Legionnaires repelled 3,500 Carlists at the cost of 90 dead. Later, at
392:
Art. 8 – Les militaires faisant partie de la Légion Étrangère se pourront rengager pour deux ans au moins et cinq ans au plus. Les rengagements ne donneront droit à une haute paie qu'autant que les militaires auront accompli cinq ans de
752:
At the beginning of 1837, the Legion had only three battalions, which soon became two; the Legion's size had been reduced in half since its arrival. However, the Legion continued to fight with a suicidal determination.
199:
created a large demand for foreign troops, and the proportion of non-French soldiers reached record levels; up to one-sixth of total soldiers actively engaged in combat were foreign troops. After his rise to power,
615:
Still in Algeria, the Legion fought at Sidi Chabal in November 1832, where the Spanish battalion distinguished itself in battle. In March 1833, Legionnaires fought at Ouled Yacoub and Oule Attia, against Emir
150:
1715:
99:
913:
2001:
806:
Recruitment continued in France, and on September 4, 1837, a second battalion was constituted by royal decree. Together, the two battalions were the equivalent of a regular infantry regiment.
343:. The Legion came as a solution for those who would not conform to the governing agenda: a way for the French state to contend with the most restless soldiers and keep them under control.
240:
were formed from Russian and Austrian prisoners. These two regiments were later renamed the 1st Foreign Regiment and 2nd Foreign Regiment, respectively, and were dissolved in 1814. The
439:
Art. 8 – Military personnel of the Foreign Legion can reenlist for a period of two and a maximum of five years. High pay is rightly warranted upon accomplishing five years of service.
383:
Art. 4 – Tout Étranger qui voudra faire partie de la Légion Étrangère ne pourra y être admis qu'après avoir contracté, devant un sous-intendant militaire, un engagement volontaire.
219:
430:
Art. 4 – Every foreigner who wishes to be part of the Foreign Legion, will only be admitted after having contracted, in front of a deputy superintendent, a volunteer enlistment.
155:
104:
1703:
2185:
938:
In addition to the French conquest of Algeria, the Legion saw other action overseas to advance French colonial interests, completing successful campaigns in Indochina,
597:. On May 23, a detachment was destroyed, resulting in 26 fatalities. Altogether, the Legion's involvement in the conquest of Algeria cost the Legion 27 officers, 61
483:
Despite these complications, less than six months after the proclamation of the royal ordinance, five battalions had been created, each with eight combat companies.
875:, governor of Algiers, began the siege of the city. The expedition was divided into four brigades; the Legion formed part of the third. The artillery of général
230:
1658:
260:
241:
205:
980:
553:
271:
612:("The King of the French in the French Foreign Legion"). From then on, the troop became more widely-known and distinguished within the French military.
2141:
593:
On April 7, 1832, 300 men of the 3rd battalion began to secure the area surrounding Algiers and engaged in combat at Maison Carré named including the
437:
Art. 7 – In the absence of credentials, the foreigner will be sent to the general officer, who will decide whether his engagement would be acceptable.
2035:
2021:
2016:
2011:
694:
During a stopover at the Balearic Islands, the battalions were reorganized so that all nationalities would be mixed to improve unit cohesiveness.
2045:
809:
In 1837, the Legion saw action in a series of battles that culminated in the signing of a peace accord between France and the resistance led by
2101:
665:
On June 28, 1843, British, Portuguese and French ambassadors to Spain signed a treaty with the Spanish government, affirming their support for
850:
The fall of the city and its citadel was crucial to French military objectives in the region, especially after the unsuccessful expedition of
420:
Art. 3 – For pay, masses and administration, the Foreign Legion will be assimilated to French regiments. The uniform will be blue with simple
395:
Art. 9 – Notre Ministre Secrétaire d’État au Département de la Guerre est chargé de l'exécution de la présente ordonnance. Par le Roi :
256:
2164:
2085:
2080:
2075:
918:
373:
Sur le rapport de notre Ministre Secrétaire d’État au Département de la Guerre : Nous avons ordonné et ordonnons ce qui suit :
1978:
1651:
187:
Legions were also formed. During this period, 42,000 out of a total of 146,000 soldiers in the French army were non-French nationals.
2169:
204:
initially recruited 4,000 Swiss troops. That number swelled to 90,000 by the end of his reign, many of whom were incorporated in the
2070:
2025:
2040:
2030:
2006:
1927:
1830:
224:
1787:
970:
146:
745:
Though the Legion continued to fight, the lack of equipment was aggravated by the bitter winter of 1836–1837 in the plains of
605:
390:
Art. 7 – En l'absence de pièces, l’Étranger sera envoyé devant l'Officier Général qui décidera si l'engagement peut être reçu.
1644:
871:
The Legion joined a larger French expeditionary force, which arrived in Constantine on October 6, 1837. Immediately, General
32:. After its creation, the Legion participated in the further recruitment of foreign nationals into French military service.
1898:
1835:
1678:
985:
351:
Legion, solely consisting of foreign troops recruited for a specific purpose and organised in a dedicated corps, was born.
749:. With their pay in default and their living conditions poor, some even joined the Carlists who were living off the land.
2159:
2111:
1720:
1710:
965:
960:
666:
286:
872:
1522:
571:(Water Fort). Conditions were harsh; between 1831 and 1835, 3,200 men were killed or discharged as a result of fevers,
184:
888:
1033:
1000:
138:, France mustered 32 foreign regiments: twelve German units, ten Swiss, seven Irish, two Italian and one Scottish.
1963:
1958:
1953:
1771:
674:
378:
Art. 2 – Les bataillons de la Légion Étrangère auront la même formation que les Bataillons d'infanterie de ligne.
376:
Art. 1 – Il sera formé une Légion composée d’Étrangers. Cette Légion prendra la dénomination de Légion Étrangère.
847:. All available troops marched towards the city, a stronghold overlooking the Rhummel, considered invulnerable.
2226:
2065:
2060:
1973:
1948:
1820:
843:
The relatively calm situation allowed the planning of larger operations, which focused on the Algerian city of
792:
413:
On the report of our State Minister Secretary at the Ministry of War: We have ordained and we order as follows:
859:
548:
The Legion's first task was the construction of earthworks, which was the birth of the Legion's reputation as
441:
Art. 9 – Our State Secretary Minister to the Ministry of War is charged with executing this present ordinance.
2120:
2055:
2050:
1943:
1888:
1872:
1867:
1825:
1815:
1810:
1766:
909:
537:
Starting in August 1831, the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th battalions were deployed to Algeria to aid in the ongoing
416:
Art. 1 – A Legion will be formed and composed of foreigners. This Legion will be known as the Foreign Legion.
116:
61:
990:
432:
Art. 5 – The duration of the contract of enlistment will be at least three years or a maximum of five years.
235:
2136:
1851:
1698:
712:
of the Spanish Armies. After several skirmishes against Carlists in Navarre and Aragon, the Legion entered
418:
Art. 2 – The battalions of the Foreign Legion will have the same formation as the line infantry battalions.
774:
347:
1688:
995:
265:
1968:
538:
459:
246:
36:
79:
of Scottish, Castillan, Savoyard, Swiss, and Dutch soldiers serving under various chiefs and princes.
359:
The Foreign Legion was created by Royal Ordinance on March 9, 1831. The ordinance had nine articles:
309:, the Royal Foreign Legion consisted of six regiments of 14,000 Swiss soldiers and four regiments of
290:
760:
Out of the 6,000 troops that had arrived in Spain in 1835, only 63 Officers and 50 troops returned.
164:(Free Foreign Legion), a precursor to the modern-day Foreign Legion, was created on August 1, 1792.
1693:
1005:
558:
464:
876:
276:
829:
24:
to consolidate all foreign corps fighting under French colors, which included, among others, the
86:, 20–30% of the French army consisted of non-French soldiers. Additionally, Louis XI employed a
1893:
1745:
1073:
975:
44:
779:
2201:
1667:
865:
844:
594:
588:
306:
210:
17:
174:
1805:
1761:
905:
833:
670:
791:
The government began to form another battalion in November 1836, which was constituted at
8:
196:
135:
95:
68:
708:
549:
83:
29:
702:
The Legion in Spain became the French Auxiliary Division and their commander, Colonel
398:
Le Ministre Secrétaire d’État de la Guerre Signé : Maréchal SOULT Duc de Dalmatie
88:
72:
1993:
1518:
1029:
855:
660:
424:
and pants of the same color, the buttons will be yellow and inscribed with the words
340:
310:
149:
allowed the use of foreign soldiers and created foreign volunteer units, such as the
142:
40:
928:
908:, directed by Colonel Mollenbeck, was formed in Algiers on April 1, 1841, while the
385:
Art. 5 – La durée de l'engagement sera de trois ans au moins et de cinq ans au plus.
851:
335:
123:
21:
931:
in Algeria in 1843, where it would remain for 119 years, until 1962, when Algeria
407:
Louis-Philippe, King of the French, to all present and to those to come greetings;
330:
The creation of the Legion was largely due to the purge in the army following the
60:
There is evidence of the French monarchy hiring foreign soldiers since before the
814:
810:
725:
703:
691:
and Legionnaires commanded by 123 officers embarked on navy ships towards Spain.
639:
617:
331:
255:), created in 1803, was composed of former French soldiers and recruits from the
180:
165:
293:
in 1812, only 120,000 were French nationals. During his return to France in the
955:
681:
314:
169:
2220:
837:
468:
932:
621:
294:
76:
25:
367:
Louis-Philippe, roi des Français, à tous présents et à venir salut ;
127:
1636:
444:
The State Secretary War Minister Signed: Marshal SOULT, Duke of Dalmatia
939:
632:
112:
1716:
French Foreign Legion Veteran Societies Federation (Légion étrangère)
572:
567:, and participated in the construction of many forts, including the
552:. The Legion would also build the Casbah route in the region of the
1988:
818:
728:
on August 1, the Legion alone killed 1,200 Carlists in one battle.
713:
201:
943:
656:
576:
564:
282:
259:. Napoleon's forces would also include the Spanish Pioneers, the
1610:
Barjot, Dominique; Chaline, Jean-Pierre; Encrevé, André (1995).
924:
800:
746:
2186:
Disciplinary Company of the Foreign Regiments in the Far East
795:
on November 21. With 1,200 men, it embarked on the navy ship
628:
50:
334:
of 1830. After being installed as a constitutional monarch,
1586:
La Légion étrangère voyage à l'intérieur d'un corps d'élite
1282:
716:
on February 5, 1836, to encircle and isolate the province.
1453:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1311:
1309:
1618:] (in French). Paris: Presse universitaire de France.
1605:] (in French). Malsherbe: Librairie académique Perin.
1419:
1417:
1415:
1222:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1122:
904:
doubled the Legion's size to two Foreign Regiments. The
1477:
1441:
1400:
1364:
1345:
1333:
1306:
1294:
1270:
1258:
1234:
1138:
604:
That same year, a flag arrived from France, offered by
297:, Napoleon was at the head of eight foreign regiments.
75:. The 13th century and the 14th century also saw large
1944:
Parachute Company of the 3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1465:
1429:
1412:
1388:
1321:
1119:
1042:
645:
545:(non-commissioned officers) commanded by 78 officers.
92:(Scottish Guard) and up to 6000 Swiss guards in 1480.
1376:
1109:
1107:
1105:
1090:
1054:
1609:
1590:
The French Foreign Legion travels to an elite corps
1246:
1210:
1198:
1174:
1162:
2142:97th Reconnaissance Group of the Infantry Division
1150:
1102:
642:, which cost the lives of a hundred Legionnaires.
35:Initially, the Legion was heavily involved in the
2036:2nd Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
2031:1st Marching Regiment of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
2022:4th Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
2017:3rd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
2012:2nd Marching Regiment of the 1st Foreign Regiment
1186:
981:Marie Louis Henry de Granet-Lacroix de Chabrières
541:. This force consisted of 2,669 Legionnaires and
320:
28:, the Swiss regiment of the Royal Guard, and the
2218:
927:on April 21, 1841. The Legion was garrisoned at
638:1835 was marked by fighting at Moulay Ismael in
55:
502:Swiss and former Hohenlohe Regiment or Germans
109:., formed mostly from foreign infantry corps.
2102:Saharan Companies of the French Foreign Legion
1577:The French Foreign Legion 175 years of History
1564:History of the French Foreign Legion 1831–1981
608:, Duke of Orléans. Inscribed on the flag was:
354:
1652:
2165:Passage Company of the Foreign Legion (CPLE)
2086:23rd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
2081:22nd Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
2076:21st Marching Regiment of Foreign Volunteers
1538:History of the Legion from 1831 till present
858:was created and placed under the command of
151:Foreign Volunteer Units in Service of France
1616:France in the Nineteenth century. 1814–1914
1603:The Military Society from 1815 till present
1583:
1370:
1228:
1144:
1979:1st Foreign Parachute Heavy Mortar Company
1659:
1645:
1584:Young, John Robert; Bergot, Erwan (1984).
813:. The stipulations set out in the earlier
803:, and arrived four days later in Algiers.
485:
51:Foreign nationals in the service of France
1666:
1560:Histoire de la Légion étrangère 1831–1981
1553:] (in French). Paris: Berger-Levraut.
1534:Histoire de la LĂ©gion de 1831 Ă nos jours
1531:
1483:
1459:
1447:
1406:
1382:
1358:
1339:
1315:
1300:
1276:
1264:
1240:
1132:
1048:
680:On January 28, 1835, under pressure from
610:Le Roi des Français à la Légion étrangère
71:deployed 15,000 Genovese soldiers at the
2071:Marching Regiments of Foreign Volunteers
1596:
1570:
1544:
1471:
1435:
1423:
1394:
1327:
1288:
1096:
1060:
828:
824:
778:
458:
111:
2041:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
2007:Marching Regiment of the Foreign Legion
1928:Communal Depot of the Foreign Regiments
1599:La Société militaire de 1815 à nos jour
1026:French Revolutionary Infantry 1789–1802
740:
731:
130:are distinct from the other combatants.
2219:
1622:
1592:] (in French). Robert Laffont S.A.
1579:] (in French). EPA Hachette livre.
1573:La Légion étrangère 175 ans d'histoire
1566:] (in French). Club France Loisir.
1023:
454:
300:
190:
100:Foreign Regiments of the Ancien RĂ©gime
1640:
1557:
1508:
1252:
1216:
1204:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1113:
1899:Combat Training Center at Arta Beach
1836:Foreign Legion Detachment in Mayotte
1074:"French Foreign Legion: The Lineage"
986:Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta
650:
361:
47:during the 19th and 20th centuries.
2160:Armored Train of the Foreign Legion
1861:Engineers & parachute engineers
1515:The French Foreign Legion 1831–1962
1028:. Bloomsbury USA. pp. 13, 16.
971:History of the 2nd Foreign Regiment
961:Foreign Legion Pioneers (Pionniers)
914:Jean-François de Cariés de Senilhes
673:against the Carlist pretender, the
646:Spain and the end of the old Legion
532:
13:
2170:5th Heavy Weight Transport Company
2046:Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion
1024:Crowdy, Terry (25 February 2004).
783:Portrait of Marie Alphonse Bedeau.
582:
348:French Invasion of Algiers in 1830
14:
2238:
1078:French Foreign Legion Information
1001:Music of the Foreign Legion (MLE)
763:
1788:French Foreign Legion Music Band
1631:] (in French). Paris: First.
873:Charles-Marie Denys de Damrémont
768:
1964:3rd Foreign Parachute Battalion
1959:2nd Foreign Parachute Battalion
1954:1st Foreign Parachute Battalion
1772:Foreign Legion Recruiting Group
1489:
933:gained independence from France
697:
370:Vu la loi du 9 mars 1831 :
2066:12th Foreign Infantry Regiment
2061:11th Foreign Infantry Regiment
1974:3rd Foreign Parachute Regiment
1949:1st Foreign Parachute Regiment
1821:2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment
1625:L'Histoire de France illustrée
1066:
1017:
880:Constantine during the night.
321:Creation of the Foreign Legion
1:
2121:6th Foreign Engineer Regiment
2056:6th Foreign Infantry Regiment
2051:5th Foreign Infantry Regiment
1873:2nd Foreign Engineer Regiment
1868:1st Foreign Engineer Regiment
1826:3rd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1816:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
1629:Illustrated History of France
1540:] (in French). Pygmalion.
1511:La Légion étrangère 1831–1962
1501:
910:2nd Foreign Infantry Regiment
147:National Legislative Assembly
56:Middle Ages and Ancien RĂ©gime
2137:2nd Foreign Cavalry Regiment
1852:1st Foreign Cavalry Regiment
1623:Julaud, Jean-Joseph (2005).
1612:La France au XIXs. 1814–1914
966:List of Foreign Legion units
894:
627:The Legion won a victory at
435:for good and proper service.
410:Law decree of March 9, 1831:
400:signé : LOUIS-PHILIPPE
7:
1921:Administrative and training
1571:Messager, Jean-Luc (2007).
1517:] (in French). Fayard.
949:
775:2nd Foreign Legion (France)
487:Nationalities by battalion
355:Creation by Royal Ordinance
257:French departments of Italy
220:Regiment of Tour d'Auvergne
126:). The red uniforms of the
20:was established in 1831 by
10:
2243:
1969:Foreign Air Supply Company
1739:General Staff Headquarters
1532:Montagnon, Pierre (1999).
991:François Certain Canrobert
772:
654:
586:
37:French conquest of Algeria
2194:
2178:
2151:Transport (armored trains
2150:
2129:
2110:
2094:
1987:
1936:
1920:
1911:
1881:
1860:
1844:
1796:
1780:
1754:
1738:
1729:
1674:
325:
291:French Invasion of Russia
1597:Girordet, Raoul (1998).
1011:
996:François Achille Bazaine
518:Sardinians and Italians
365:
162:Légion Franche Etrangère
1558:Blond, George (1981) .
1509:Porch, Douglas (1994).
1371:Young & Bergot 1984
1229:Young & Bergot 1984
1145:Young & Bergot 1984
446:signed: LOUIS-PHILIPPE
2179:Disciplinary companies
1894:Jungle Training Center
1755:Command Administrative
1746:Foreign Legion Command
976:Foreign Legion Command
912:, directed by colonel
883:Bedeau was designated
840:
784:
620:and the tribes of the
601:and 756 Legionnaires.
472:
405:
131:
120:La Prise des Tuileries
117:Day of August 10, 1792
45:French colonial empire
2227:French Foreign Legion
1668:French Foreign Legion
877:Sylvain Charles Valée
866:Marie Alphonse Bedeau
832:
825:Battle of Constantine
782:
595:massacre of El Ouffia
589:Massacre of El Ouffia
462:
336:King Louis Philippe I
307:Louis XVIII of France
231:Regiment of Isembourg
195:The conquests of the
115:
22:King Louis Philippe I
2095:Saharan Legion units
1889:4th Foreign Regiment
1811:4th Foreign Regiment
1806:1st Foreign Regiment
1767:4th Foreign Regiment
1762:1st Foreign Regiment
1547:Notre vieille LĂ©gion
906:1st Foreign Regiment
885:"Commandant du Lieu"
834:Siege of Constantine
799:on December 11 from
741:Misery and wandering
732:The Legion abandoned
82:During the reign of
39:(1830–1849) and the
2153:& heavy weight)
1291:, pp. 222–223.
1006:Honneur et Fidélité
864:(Commandant-Major)
631:on June 5 and took
526:Belgians and Dutch
488:
455:A challenging start
301:Bourbon Restoration
261:Catalonian Regiment
197:First French Empire
191:First French Empire
122:(The taking of the
69:Philip VI of France
62:Bourbon Restoration
1994:marching regiments
1799:parachute infantry
889:Lieutenant-colonel
856:marching battalion
841:
785:
687:On July 30, 4,021
635:on July 27, 1833.
606:Ferdinand Philippe
486:
473:
346:Additionally, the
242:Piedmontese Legion
206:Valaison Battalion
202:Napoleon Bonaparte
132:
30:Hohenlohe Regiment
2214:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2002:Mounted companies
1907:
1906:
1831:13th Demi-Brigade
1545:Poirmeur (1931).
1462:, pp. 30–31.
861:chef de bataillon
671:Queen Isabella II
669:and her daughter
661:First Carlist War
651:Goodwill to Spain
530:
529:
463:A company of the
452:
451:
422:passepoil garance
287:Portuguese Legion
272:Hanoverian Legion
143:French Revolution
41:First Carlist War
2234:
2026:Garibaldi Legion
1918:
1917:
1736:
1735:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1496:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1410:
1404:
1398:
1392:
1386:
1380:
1374:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1343:
1337:
1331:
1325:
1319:
1313:
1304:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1268:
1262:
1256:
1250:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1136:
1130:
1117:
1111:
1100:
1094:
1088:
1087:
1085:
1084:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1052:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1021:
922:
887:and promoted to
852:Bertrand Clauzel
757:and miserable.
709:Maréchal de camp
562:
533:Early Deployment
489:
471:in Paris (1836).
426:Légion Étrangère
362:
280:
269:
250:
239:
228:
214:
178:
159:
136:Seven Years' War
108:
2242:
2241:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2231:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2190:
2174:
2152:
2146:
2125:
2114:& engineers
2106:
2090:
1992:
1983:
1932:
1913:
1903:
1877:
1856:
1840:
1798:
1792:
1776:
1750:
1731:
1725:
1670:
1665:
1635:
1525:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1458:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1434:
1430:
1422:
1413:
1405:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1346:
1338:
1334:
1326:
1322:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1271:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1131:
1120:
1112:
1103:
1095:
1091:
1082:
1080:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1043:
1036:
1022:
1018:
1014:
952:
916:
897:
854:. A 500-strong
827:
815:Treaty of Tafna
811:Emir Abdelkader
777:
771:
766:
743:
734:
704:Joseph Bernelle
700:
667:Maria Christina
663:
653:
648:
640:Battle of Macta
618:Emir Abdelkader
591:
585:
583:Baptism by fire
556:
539:French conquest
535:
499:1st through 3rd
457:
448:
445:
443:
442:
440:
438:
436:
433:
431:
429:
419:
417:
415:
414:
412:
411:
409:
408:
402:
399:
397:
396:
394:
391:
389:
388:un bon service.
386:
384:
382:
379:
377:
375:
374:
372:
371:
369:
368:
357:
341:1789 Revolution
332:July Revolution
328:
323:
305:In 1815, under
303:
281:, the Egyptian
274:
263:
244:
233:
222:
208:
193:
172:
153:
102:
89:Garde Écossaise
73:Battle of Crécy
58:
53:
12:
11:
5:
2240:
2230:
2229:
2212:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2156:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1842:
1841:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1802:
1800:
1797:Infantry &
1794:
1793:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1706:
1704:Museum society
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1620:
1607:
1594:
1581:
1568:
1555:
1551:Our Old Legion
1542:
1529:
1524:978-2213031118
1523:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1484:Montagnon 1999
1476:
1464:
1460:Montagnon 1999
1452:
1448:Montagnon 1999
1440:
1428:
1411:
1407:Montagnon 1999
1399:
1387:
1383:Montagnon 1999
1375:
1363:
1359:Montagnon 1999
1344:
1340:Montagnon 1999
1332:
1320:
1316:Montagnon 1999
1305:
1301:Montagnon 1999
1293:
1281:
1277:Montagnon 1999
1269:
1265:Montagnon 1999
1257:
1245:
1233:
1221:
1209:
1197:
1185:
1173:
1161:
1149:
1137:
1133:Montagnon 1999
1118:
1101:
1089:
1065:
1053:
1049:Montagnon 1999
1041:
1034:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
956:Major (France)
951:
948:
929:Sidi Bel Abbès
923:was formed in
896:
893:
826:
823:
773:Main article:
770:
767:
765:
764:The new Legion
762:
742:
739:
733:
730:
699:
696:
689:sous-officiers
682:Adolphe Thiers
675:Infante Carlos
652:
649:
647:
644:
599:sous-officiers
587:Main article:
584:
581:
554:Emperor's Fort
543:sous-officiers
534:
531:
528:
527:
524:
520:
519:
516:
512:
511:
508:
504:
503:
500:
496:
495:
494:nationalities
492:
456:
453:
450:
449:
403:
356:
353:
327:
324:
322:
319:
302:
299:
253:LĂ©gion du Midi
192:
189:
77:free companies
57:
54:
52:
49:
18:Foreign Legion
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2239:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2155:
2149:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1779:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1657:
1655:
1650:
1648:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1630:
1626:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1506:
1492:
1486:, p. 27.
1485:
1480:
1474:, p. 18.
1473:
1472:Messager 2007
1468:
1461:
1456:
1450:, p. 30.
1449:
1444:
1438:, p. 17.
1437:
1436:Messager 2007
1432:
1426:, p. 16.
1425:
1424:Messager 2007
1420:
1418:
1416:
1409:, p. 26.
1408:
1403:
1397:, p. 26.
1396:
1395:Poirmeur 1931
1391:
1384:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1361:, p. 24.
1360:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1342:, p. 22.
1341:
1336:
1330:, p. 20.
1329:
1328:Messager 2007
1324:
1318:, p. 21.
1317:
1312:
1310:
1303:, p. 18.
1302:
1297:
1290:
1289:Messager 2007
1285:
1279:, p. 19.
1278:
1273:
1267:, p. 16.
1266:
1261:
1255:, p. 50.
1254:
1249:
1243:, p. 15.
1242:
1241:Montagnon1999
1237:
1231:, p. 10.
1230:
1225:
1219:, p. 44.
1218:
1213:
1207:, p. 39.
1206:
1201:
1194:
1189:
1183:, p. 38.
1182:
1177:
1171:, p. 34.
1170:
1165:
1159:, p. 37.
1158:
1153:
1146:
1141:
1135:, p. 12.
1134:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1116:, p. 25.
1115:
1110:
1108:
1106:
1099:, p. 12.
1098:
1097:Poirmeur 1931
1093:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1063:, p. 10.
1062:
1061:Messager 2007
1057:
1051:, p. 11.
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:1-84176-660-7
1031:
1027:
1020:
1016:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
953:
947:
945:
941:
936:
934:
930:
926:
920:
915:
911:
907:
901:
892:
890:
886:
881:
878:
874:
869:
867:
863:
862:
857:
853:
848:
846:
839:
838:Horace Vernet
835:
831:
822:
820:
816:
812:
807:
804:
802:
798:
794:
789:
781:
776:
769:Second Legion
761:
758:
754:
750:
748:
738:
729:
727:
721:
717:
715:
711:
710:
705:
695:
692:
690:
685:
683:
678:
676:
672:
668:
662:
658:
643:
641:
636:
634:
630:
625:
623:
619:
613:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
590:
580:
578:
574:
570:
569:Fort-de-l'Eau
566:
560:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
525:
522:
521:
517:
514:
513:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
497:
493:
491:
490:
484:
481:
477:
470:
469:Champ de Mars
466:
461:
447:
427:
423:
404:
401:
364:
363:
360:
352:
349:
344:
342:
337:
333:
318:
316:
312:
308:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
278:
273:
267:
262:
258:
254:
248:
243:
237:
232:
226:
221:
218:In 1805, the
216:
212:
207:
203:
198:
188:
186:
182:
176:
171:
167:
163:
157:
152:
148:
144:
139:
137:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
97:
93:
91:
90:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
65:
63:
48:
46:
42:
38:
33:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2202:31st Brigade
1683:
1628:
1624:
1615:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1576:
1572:
1563:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1514:
1510:
1491:
1479:
1467:
1455:
1443:
1431:
1402:
1390:
1378:
1366:
1335:
1323:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1248:
1236:
1224:
1212:
1200:
1188:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1147:, p. 9.
1140:
1092:
1081:. Retrieved
1077:
1068:
1056:
1044:
1025:
1019:
937:
902:
898:
884:
882:
870:
860:
849:
842:
808:
805:
796:
790:
786:
759:
755:
751:
744:
735:
722:
718:
707:
701:
698:The fighting
693:
688:
686:
679:
664:
637:
626:
614:
609:
603:
598:
592:
568:
547:
542:
536:
482:
478:
474:
425:
421:
406:
366:
358:
345:
329:
304:
295:Hundred Days
252:
217:
194:
161:
140:
133:
119:
98:created the
94:
87:
81:
66:
59:
34:
26:Swiss Guards
15:
917: [
845:Constantine
557: [
275: [
264: [
245: [
234: [
223: [
209: [
173: [
154: [
141:During the
134:During the
103: [
1781:Music band
1502:References
1495:Blanchard.
1253:Porch 1994
1217:Porch 1994
1205:Porch 1994
1193:Blond 1981
1181:Porch 1994
1169:Porch 1994
1157:Porch 1994
1114:Blond 1981
1083:2020-05-03
940:Madagascar
655:See also:
633:Mostaganem
381:Étrangère.
317:soldiers.
311:Portuguese
285:, and the
1937:Parachute
1721:Unit list
895:Posterity
706:, became
573:dysentery
124:Tuileries
96:Francis I
67:In 1346,
2221:Category
2195:Brigades
2112:Pioneers
1989:Infantry
1882:Training
1711:Pioneers
1689:Magazine
950:See also
819:Boufarik
714:Pamplona
550:pioneers
510:Spanish
393:service.
229:and the
181:Batavian
166:Germanic
84:Louis XI
2130:Cavalry
1912:Defunct
1845:Cavalry
1730:Current
1684:Origins
1679:History
944:Morocco
797:Suffren
657:Carlism
577:cholera
565:Algiers
563:, near
467:on the
315:Spanish
283:Mamluks
170:Italian
1699:Museum
1521:
1032:
801:Toulon
747:Aragon
726:Zubiri
465:Legion
326:Causes
270:, the
185:Polish
183:, and
145:, the
1991:&
1914:units
1732:units
1694:Motto
1627:[
1614:[
1601:[
1588:[
1575:[
1562:[
1549:[
1536:[
1513:[
1012:Notes
921:]
836:, by
629:Arzew
561:]
279:]
268:]
249:]
238:]
227:]
213:]
177:]
158:]
128:Swiss
107:]
1519:ISBN
1030:ISBN
925:BĂ´ne
659:and
575:and
313:and
16:The
793:Pau
622:Sig
523:6th
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