1712:
Another Turkic people in the Volga area are the
Chuvash, who, like the Tatars, regard themselves as descendants of the Volga Bulghars in the historical and cultural sense. It is clear that Chuvash belongs to the Oghur branch of Turkic, as the language of the Volga Bulghars did, but no direct evidence
1592:
Modern
Chuvash is the only descendant language of the Ogur branch. The ancestors of its speakers left the Khazar Empire in the 8th century and migrated to the region at the confluence of the Volga and Kama rivers, where they founded the Volga Bulgarian Empire in the 10th century. In the central Volga
2164:
Syriac chroniclers (along with their Arab, Byzantine, Latin, Armenian, and
Georgian counterparts) did not use ethnonyms as specifically as modern scholars do. As K. Czeglédy notes, "some sources... use the ethnonyms of the various steppe peoples, in particular those of the Scythians, Huns and Turkic
769:
Avnagur (Aunagur) are people, who live in tents. Avgar, sabir, burgar, alan, kurtargar, avar, hasar, dirmar, sirurgur, bagrasir, kulas, abdel and hephtalit are thirteen peoples, who live in tents, earn their living on the meat of livestock and fish, of wild animals and by their weapons
716:, who lived in the vicinity of the Onoghurs and Bulgars, and their mutual relationship, is considered obscure. Scholars are unsure how the union between Onoghurs and Bulgars formed, imagining it as a long process in which a number of different groups merged. During that time, the
149:
grouping as separate Hunno-Bulgar languages. However, such speculations are not based on proper linguistic evidence, since the language of the Huns is almost unknown except for a few attested words and personal names. Scholars generally consider
Hunnish as unclassifiable.
782:
The land Bazgun ... extends up to the
Caspian Gates and to the sea, which are in the Hunnish lands. Beyond the gates live the Burgars (Bulgars), who have their language, and are people pagan and barbarian. They have towns. And the Alans - they have five
995:
organised the
Onogurs under his Empire of Old Great Bulgaria in the Mid 7th century. From the 8th century, the Byzantine sources often mention the Onoghurs in close connection with the Bulgars. Agathon (early 8th century) wrote about the
456:
heritage, with
Oghuric-Bulgar and Khazar influences, even though much of the modern-day Hungarian gene pool also has strong Slavic, Germanic, and Iranic influences. Hungarian has many borrowings from Common Turkic and Oghuric languages:
2143:
Like the name
Scythian up to the early medieval period, the name Hun became a generic (usually pejorative) term in subsequent history for any steppe-warrior people, or even any enemy people, regardless of their actual
1593:
region, three Volga
Bulgarian dialects developed, and Chuvash is the descendant of the 3rd dialect of Volga Bulgarian (Agyagási 2019: 160–183). Sources refer to it as a separate language beginning with 1508
1713:
for diachronic development between the two has been established. As there were several distinct Oghur languages in the Middle Ages, Volga
Bulghar could represent one of these and Chuvash another.
1230:
The ethnonym of the Huns, like those of Scythians and Türks, became a generic term for steppe-people (nomads) and invading enemies from the East, no matter of their actual origin and identity.
849:. This people is (one) of the most powerful because of their numbers and their training for war in full battle-gear. They have made their abodes towards the East, whence flows the river
720:
may have represented a large confederation of which the Onoghurs formed one of the core tribes, together with the remnants of the Utigurs and Kutrigurs, among others.
889:
and other tribes for the original Avars, and as such the Uar and Huns took advantage of the situation and began call themselves Avars. Simokattes also recounts "
2526:
Wang, Chuan-Chao; Posth, Cosimo; Furtwängler, Anja; Sümegi, Katalin; Bánfai, Zsolt; Kásler, Miklós; Krause, Johannes; Melegh, Béla (28 September 2021).
4091:) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former
1687:
744:, marten skin was used as a substitute for minted money. This also indicates they lived near forests and were in contact with Finno-Ugrian peoples.
356:
believed that the differences noted above suggest that the Oghur-speaking tribes could not have originated in territories inhabited by speakers of
1373:
2698:
An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East
2370:
1439:
2745:
Fiedler, Uwe (2008). "Bulgars in the Lower Danube region: A survey of the archaeological evidence and of the state of current research". In
1316:
Bennett, Casey; Kaestle, Frederika A. (2006). "A Reanalysis of Eurasian Population History: Ancient DNA Evidence of Population Affinities".
1069:
of 1223–1236, the Golden Horde annexed Volga Bulgaria. Most of the population survived, and a certain degree of mixing between it and the
2798:
1454:
959:
2839:
1741:"Eṣṭaḵri stated in one place that the Bulḡar language is like the language of the Khazars, thus giving rise to the Chuvash-Bulḡar"
173:
although the classification of Khazar language debated among scholars. Chuvash has two to three dialects. Chuvash language is
2643:
2510:
2016:
1949:
1875:
1777:
1562:
1537:
1464:
1388:
1726:
592:
Turkic tribes that entered the Ponto-Caspian steppes as the result of migrations set off in Inner Asia. The 10th century
388:'twins', and holds the contradictory view that the Oghur inhabited the borderlands of Mongolia before the 5th century.
2784:
2760:
2735:
2714:
2683:
2136:
1816:
1705:
1670:
1643:
1616:
1066:
3118:
1206:
967:
788:
The Onoghurs (Oghurs), in the 6th and 7th century sources, were mentioned mostly in connection with the Avar and
1001:
347:
3653:
2832:
1211:
230:
74:
853:, which the Turks have the custom of calling the "Black". The oldest chieftains of this people are called
2528:"Genome-wide autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome analysis of King Bela III of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty"
1133:
3719:
1840:
637:
came to the Emperor in Constantinople, and explained they had been driven out of their homeland by the
2490:
1400:
46:
2363:
1492:
192:
The Oghuric languages are also known as "-r Turkic" because the final consonant in certain words is
4051:
4010:
3178:
1013:
4115:
3218:
3143:
2907:
2900:
2825:
2669:
2122:
1752:
748:
189:
is distinguished from the rest of the Turkic family by sound changes and it has a special place.
600:, "a Hun from the Honk" who raided Persia, which were related to the Onoghurs, and located near
4041:
2807:
1606:
3697:
2992:
2794:
2770:
2692:
1660:
1633:
1141:
816:
685:
roughly corresponding to 20th century Ukraine. Later kings of the Onogur Huns included Grod,
593:
365:
4036:
3373:
2997:
2877:
2539:
891:
when the Ogor, then, were brought completely to heel, the Qaγan gave over the chief of the
870:
548:
653:. It is considered they belonged to the westernmost Tiele tribes, which also included the
645:
in Inner Asia. This tangle of events indicates that the Oghuric tribes are related to the
8:
3900:
3188:
2923:
2706:
2128:
Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present
1867:
1105:
1038:
445:
426:
2543:
1855:
1057:
river in the 7th century AD and converted to Islam in 922 during the missionary work of
3581:
3383:
3293:
3193:
2560:
2527:
2351:
1834:
1480:
1433:
1351:
1325:
1074:
1021:
987:
809:
793:
674:
500:'whip'. A number of Hungarian loanwords were borrowed before the 9th century, shown by
369:
357:
2493:[Outline of the background of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin]
38:(Ὀνόγουροι, Οὔρωγοι, Οὔγωροι; Onογurs, Ογurs; "ten tribes", "tribes") were a group of
3739:
3638:
3099:
2957:
2780:
2756:
2731:
2710:
2679:
2639:
2565:
2506:
2132:
1871:
1822:
1812:
1701:
1666:
1639:
1612:
1579:
1558:
1533:
1460:
1392:
1343:
1113:
1093:
837:
574:
186:
166:
146:
126:
120:
1355:
169:
language. Chuvash is sometimes considered to share a linguistic connection with the
4046:
3692:
3539:
3408:
3340:
3269:
3213:
3198:
3183:
3168:
3138:
3128:
3104:
3040:
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2555:
2547:
1863:
1693:
1525:
1335:
1058:
824:
605:
551:
434:
430:
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418:
209:
201:
182:
142:
130:
54:
4056:
3663:
3574:
3413:
3393:
3298:
3288:
3274:
3203:
3163:
3158:
3123:
3024:
2978:
2952:
2750:
2725:
2673:
2126:
1793:
Struktur und Gesellschaft des Chazaren-Reiches im Licht der schriftlichen Quellen
1369:
1149:
1043:
975:
944:
932:
924:
909:
would be the Oghurs, while if it is in Inner Asia, then it could be the Uyghurs.
642:
589:
544:
170:
162:
138:
134:
108:
42:
2341:
1424:
Pritsak, Omeljan (1981). "The Proto-Bulgarian Military Inventory Inscriptions".
87:, meaning "kinship or being akin to". The terms initially were not the same, as
4092:
3975:
3724:
3479:
3403:
3345:
3264:
3208:
3173:
3148:
3133:
3064:
2891:
2856:
2848:
2551:
2068:
1196:
1070:
936:
918:
453:
438:
217:
39:
3861:
3259:
4109:
4020:
3825:
3795:
3729:
3668:
3560:
3553:
3500:
3388:
3378:
3153:
2973:
1396:
1152:. All the forms show the phonetic changes typical of late Oghuric (prothetic
897:", shows Oghurs resistance toward Turkic authority. Scholars consider if the
601:
343:
174:
154:
1826:
4068:
3935:
3920:
3734:
3673:
3643:
3607:
3567:
3431:
3303:
3280:
3048:
2984:
2871:
2746:
2569:
1347:
789:
650:
638:
50:
2727:
In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croatian Nation
1697:
1519:
1339:
1080:
This association was previously mirrored in Armenian sources, such as the
161:. Some scholars consider the Chuvash as the sole living representative of
4072:
3955:
3950:
3894:
3398:
3314:
3241:
3110:
3091:
2914:
2086:
1806:
1529:
805:
741:
662:
658:
353:
2806:, Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies, Rutgers University, archived from
2340:
D. Dimitrov (1987). "Bulgars, Unogundurs, Onogurs, Utigurs, Kutrigurs".
1557:. Collected studies series. Aldershot, Hampshire: Ashgate. p. 336.
1046:(mid-10th century) remarked that the Bulgars formerly called themselves
935:
that lasted for 250 years. Related peoples from the east arrived in the
827:
name indicates it was situated in the vicinity of Iranian Central Asia.
3755:
3002:
2752:
The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans
1580:"A Volga Bulgarian Classifier: A Historical and Areal Linguistic Study"
1096:, which includes an additional comment from a 9th-century writer about
956:
670:
392:
178:
158:
3940:
3084:
397:
73:"ten Oğurs (tribes)". Modern scholars consider Turkic terms for tribe
3970:
3960:
3907:
3874:
3760:
3546:
3508:
3489:
3469:
3444:
3350:
2884:
2702:
1186:
1121:
1062:
940:
845:"...the Qaghan set off on another undertaking and subjugated all the
709:
702:
698:
570:
2696:
4080:
3925:
3869:
3855:
3840:
3815:
3805:
3775:
3464:
3451:
3437:
3018:
2774:
2004:
723:
690:
682:
678:
646:
634:
626:
111:) is usually believed to be derived from On-Oğur (> (H)Ungari).
20:
2157:
1330:
1073:
of the Horde ensued. Onoghur-Bulgar group as a whole accepted the
952:
4015:
3965:
3889:
3884:
3845:
3835:
3790:
3785:
3770:
3687:
3633:
3596:
3591:
3484:
3474:
3459:
3308:
3077:
3031:
2942:
2817:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1145:
1020:. Kubrat successfully revolted against the Avars and founded the
928:
882:
773:
717:
713:
694:
666:
654:
618:
449:
165:. while others support the idea that Chuvash is another distinct
104:
16:
5th–7th-century Turkic nomadic group of the Pontic–Caspian steppe
610:
3990:
3980:
3930:
3879:
3830:
3820:
3800:
3780:
3765:
3679:
3615:
3601:
3533:
3518:
3513:
3494:
3322:
3236:
2779:. Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
1005:
992:
886:
833:
737:
728:
441:
2377:
881:) who arrived to Eastern Europe were mistook by the Onoghurs,
4088:
3985:
3945:
3850:
3810:
3528:
3523:
3355:
3070:
1925:
1054:
971:
801:
777:
686:
622:
562:
2103:
2073:
An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish
395:, whose exo-ethnonym is usually believed to be derived from
4084:
4076:
2776:
Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes
2675:
The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture
2205:
1299:
1297:
878:
2525:
2316:
2253:
792:
conquest of Western Eurasia. According to the 6th century
2437:
2099:(in Russian). Cheboksary: Чувашское книжное издательство.
2023:
238:"tribe" in Common Turkic. Other correspondences are Com.
2617:
2615:
2491:"Vázlat a magyar honfoglalás Kárpát-medencei hátteréről"
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2306:
2304:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2175:
2173:
2040:
2038:
1913:
1811:. Carl Skutsch, Martin Ryle. New York: Routledge. 2005.
1499:
1294:
1255:
1243:
905:(Black Itil) i.e. Volga (Atil/Itil), then the mentioned
823:
was destroyed by an earthquake before his lifetime. The
2241:
2229:
2193:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1608:
The Uralic language family: facts, myths and statistics
181:. In this respect, it's almost no different from other
2576:
1272:
1270:
565:
animal), and is a reflection of the Chuvash language w
368:, however, has noted that there are many loanwords in
2652:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2470:
2449:
2413:
2401:
2301:
2289:
2277:
2170:
2050:
2035:
1992:
1980:
1100:. Marquart and Golden connected these forms with the
2425:
2389:
2265:
2217:
1968:
1956:
1896:
1765:
2159:
Medieval Syriac Historians' Perceptionsof the Turks
2015:
sfn error: no target: CITEREFGuglielminoBéres1996 (
1282:
1267:
780:, during the first half of 6th century, he added: "
736:(believed to be the Onoghurs) were notable for the
1937:
1524:. Central European University Press. p. 208.
103:meant "to be like, resemble". The modern name of "
2343:Prabylgarite po severnoto i zapadnoto Chernomorie
448:Veñgras. The Hungarians are culturally of mixed
4107:
2638:. New York, New York: NYU Press. pp. 3–40.
2634:Faḍlān, Ahmad ibn; Montgomery, James E. (2017).
2633:
2010:
177:in the structure of grammar, phonetically it is
157:in the structure of grammar, phonetically it is
2668:
2383:
2084:
1860:The Oxford Guide to the Transeurasian Languages
596:recorded, considered late 4th century, certain
391:The Oghuric tribes are also connected with the
1521:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages
1315:
1124:(10th century) and Hungarian name for Belgrad
2833:
2505:] (in Hungarian). Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum.
1685:
2503:Peoples and cultures in the Carpathian Basin
2085:Егоров (Egorov), Василий Георгиевич (1964).
360:, given that Mongolian dialects feature the
2339:
1784:
1686:Johanson, Lars; Csató, Éva Á, eds. (2021).
1604:
677:granted Ernak the lands of the treacherous
2840:
2826:
2165:tribes, in the generic sense of 'nomads'".
2131:. Princeton University Press. p. 99.
1662:Studies in Turkic and Mongolic linguistics
1438:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
53:between 5th and 7th century, and spoke an
2559:
2335:
2333:
2331:
1776:sfn error: no target: CITEREFGolden2006 (
1329:
1061:, inhabited the present-day territory of
2488:
2121:
2093:Этимологический словарь чувашского языка
1853:
1750:
1577:
1517:
1459:. Oxford University Press. p. 448.
1452:
1374:"The Hunnic Language of the Attila Clan"
943:, and then around 670 the Onoghurs. The
755:(c. 555) in Western Eurasia records the
697:were engaged in a civil war against the
665:, and were initially located in Western
484:'ring', and terms of equestrian culture
2744:
2723:
2582:
2369:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2162:. University of Cambridge. p. 19.
2155:
1948:sfn error: no target: CITEREFDybo2014 (
1724:
1658:
1635:Encyclopedia of the languages of Europe
1423:
1368:
865:According to the Qaghan, part of those
4108:
2793:
2769:
2691:
2658:
2621:
2606:
2594:
2476:
2464:
2443:
2431:
2419:
2407:
2395:
2328:
2322:
2310:
2295:
2283:
2271:
2259:
2247:
2235:
2223:
2211:
2199:
2187:
2109:
2056:
2044:
2029:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1962:
1931:
1919:
1907:
1890:
1808:Encyclopedia of the world's minorities
1790:
1771:
1505:
1303:
1288:
1276:
1261:
1249:
2821:
2499:Népek és kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében
2075:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page: 120.
1856:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
1753:"Chuvash and the Bulgharic languages"
1631:
1552:
767:(Oghur).The author wrote following: "
1943:
1665:. Taylor & Francis. p. 38.
1426:Turkic-Bulgarian-Hungarian relations
1389:Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute
1456:Chuvash and the Bulgharic Languages
1453:Savelyev, Alexander (27 May 2020).
1053:Onoghur-Bulgars who settled on the
819:recorded that certain Onoghur city
346:calls the sound change the "Bulgar
13:
2847:
2678:, University of California Press,
1868:10.1093/oso/9780198804628.003.0028
1854:Savelyev, Alexander (2020-06-30).
970:together with the Turkic-speaking
588:The Onogurs were one of the first
322:(after 9th cent.). The shift from
14:
4127:
1751:Savelyev, Alexander (June 2020).
912:
69:is widely thought to derive from
4083:, distinct from Levantine (i.e.
1611:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 167.
1098:the colony of the Vłĕndur Bułkar
800:" had the authority of the Turk
759:(Aunagur; considered Onoghurs),
621:, in 463 the representatives of
99:was "tribe, clan", and the verb
2627:
2519:
2482:
2149:
2115:
2078:
2062:
1847:
1799:
1744:
1718:
1679:
1652:
1638:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 88.
1625:
1598:
1571:
1546:
1518:RÓNA-TAS, ANDRÁS (1999-03-01).
1511:
1387:(4). Cambridge, Massachusetts:
1224:
1004:(early 9th century) noted that
981:
895:(Kolx) to the bite of the sword
641:, who had been attacked by the
372:from Oghuric, such as Mongolic
95:meant "offspring, child, son",
2088:Чăваш чĕлхин этимологи словарĕ
1555:Studies in medieval inner Asia
1446:
1417:
1362:
1309:
960:conquered the Carpathian Basin
939:several times: around 595 the
747:The Syriac translation of the
633:, "White Oghurs"), Oghurs and
221:
1:
1237:
963:
948:
931:established an empire in the
4103:[[Category:Migration Period
2011:Guglielmino & Béres 1996
1731:Encyclopaedia Iranica Online
1605:Marcantonio, Angela (2002).
1212:Turkic tribal confederations
60:
7:
2755:. Brill. pp. 151–236.
1725:Shapira, Dan (2020-12-14),
1175:
841:recorded a complex notice:
608:. Scholars also relate the
145:and refer to this extended
114:
10:
4132:
2670:Maenchen-Helfen, Otto John
2552:10.1038/s41598-021-98796-x
985:
951:822, a few decades later,
916:
832:Letter of the Turk Qaγan (
583:
118:
83:to be derived from Turkic
18:
4065:
4029:
4003:
3748:
3706:
3652:
3624:
3422:
3364:
3331:
3250:
3227:
3184:Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks
3057:
3011:
2966:
2935:
2864:
2855:
2749:; Kovalev, Roman (eds.).
2489:Szabados, György (2016).
1632:Price, Glanville (2000).
1381:Harvard Ukrainian Studies
998:nation of Onoghur Bulgars
732:(551) mentioned that the
225:
205:
4052:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
3720:Bulgarian Crimean Tatars
2123:Beckwith, Christopher I.
1659:Clauson, Gerard (2002).
1217:
817:Theophylaktos Simokattes
804:Khagan in the region of
133:. Some scholars suggest
3209:Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman
2865:Azerbaijani communities
2724:Karatay, Osman (2003).
1791:Ludwig, Dieter (1982).
749:Pseudo-Zacharias Rhetor
444:Węgier, Węgrzyn, ->
4042:Crimean Tatar diaspora
3219:Western Thracian Turks
3154:Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman
2693:Golden, Peter Benjamin
2156:Dickens, Mark (2004).
1934:, p. 30, 236–239.
1839:: CS1 maint: others (
1584:University of Debrecen
1207:Extinct Turkic peoples
1088:, and the 5th century
1084:, which refers to the
863:
798:leader of the Οὐγούρων
753:Ecclesiastical History
213:
45:who flourished in the
3749:Extinct Turkic groups
3707:Turkic minorities in
3654:Turkic minorities in
3625:Turkic minorities in
3423:Turkic minorities in
2901:Georgian Azerbaijanis
2112:, p. 92–93, 103.
1698:10.4324/9781003243809
1578:Agyagási, K. (2020).
1553:Sinor, Denis (1997).
1340:10.1353/hub.2006.0052
843:
815:In early 7th century
594:Movses Kaghankatvatsi
516:), for example Hung.
437:. Vogr, Vogrin ->
200:as in Common Turkic.
163:Volga Bulgar language
137:had strong ties with
91:meant "arrow", while
47:Pontic–Caspian steppe
4067:Central Asian (i.e.
4037:Azerbaijani diaspora
3374:Iranian Azerbaijanis
3012:Turkmen communities
2908:Western Azerbaijanis
2878:Iranian Azerbaijanis
2384:Maenchen-Helfen 1973
2214:, p. 92–93, 97.
1862:. pp. 446–464.
1689:The Turkic Languages
1530:10.7829/j.ctv280b77f
1016:referred to them as
1008:was the lord of the
968:Hungarian conquerors
417:): On ogur -> up.
153:Chuvash language is
129:are a branch of the
3058:Turkish communities
2924:Javanshir Qizilbash
2544:2021NatSR..1119210W
2325:, p. 100, 103.
2262:, p. 138, 141.
1136:(11th century) and
1067:Batu Khan invasions
1039:Ravenna Cosmography
1012:; his contemporary
740:skin trade. In the
421:Won ogur -> dow.
43:nomadic equestrians
3582:Siberian Bukharans
3384:Chaharmahali Turks
3365:Turkic minorities
3332:Turkic minorities
3251:Turkic minorities
2967:Kyrgyz communities
2936:Kazakh communities
2532:Scientific Reports
2446:, p. 100–102.
2032:, p. 259–260.
2013:, p. 351-353.
1795:(Thesis). Münster.
1508:, pp. 88, 89.
1306:, p. 102–103.
1264:, p. 23, 237.
1252:, p. 135–145.
1030:Onoghundur–Bulgars
1022:Old Great Bulgaria
1018:Onoghundur–Bulgars
988:Old Great Bulgaria
830:Simokattes in the
794:Menander Protector
708:The origin of the
675:Leo I the Thracian
358:Mongolic languages
298:(10th cent.) >
19:For the town, see
4100:
4099:
3999:
3998:
3910:
3903:
3864:
3740:Tatars of Romania
3713:
3682:
3639:Mongolian Kazakhs
3610:
3584:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3549:
3542:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3317:
3283:
3194:Palestinian Turks
3189:Montenegrin Turks
3113:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3043:
3034:
3027:
2987:
2958:Mongolian Kazakhs
2926:
2917:
2910:
2903:
2894:
2887:
2880:
2800:Oq and Oğur~Oğuz*
2707:Otto Harrassowitz
2645:978-1-4798-2669-8
2512:978-615-5209-56-7
1922:, p. 20, 96.
1877:978-0-19-880462-8
1564:978-0-86078-632-0
1539:978-963-386-572-9
1466:978-0-19-880462-8
1094:Movses Khorenatsi
1028:), also known as
836:) to the Emperor
614:to this account.
575:Kipchak languages
228:. Hence the name
127:Oghuric languages
125:The Onoghuric or
121:Oghuric languages
4123:
4047:Turkish diaspora
3906:
3899:
3860:
3711:
3693:Karategin Uzbeks
3678:
3606:
3580:
3573:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3540:Astrakhan Tatars
3538:
3503:
3450:
3443:
3436:
3409:Iranian Turkmens
3341:Crimean Karaites
3313:
3279:
3179:Macedonian Turks
3144:Dodecanese Turks
3109:
3090:
3083:
3076:
3069:
3041:Iranian Turkmens
3039:
3030:
3023:
2983:
2922:
2913:
2906:
2899:
2890:
2883:
2876:
2862:
2861:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2805:
2795:Golden, Peter B.
2790:
2771:Golden, Peter B.
2766:
2741:
2730:. Ayse Demiral.
2720:
2688:
2662:
2656:
2650:
2649:
2636:Mission to Volga
2631:
2625:
2619:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2523:
2517:
2516:
2496:
2486:
2480:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2423:
2417:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2355:
2347:
2337:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2308:
2299:
2293:
2287:
2281:
2275:
2269:
2263:
2257:
2251:
2250:, p. 32–33.
2245:
2239:
2238:, p. 93–95.
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2202:, p. 92–93.
2197:
2191:
2185:
2168:
2167:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2119:
2113:
2107:
2101:
2100:
2098:
2082:
2076:
2066:
2060:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2033:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1953:
1941:
1935:
1929:
1923:
1917:
1911:
1905:
1894:
1893:, p. 95–96.
1888:
1882:
1881:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1838:
1830:
1803:
1797:
1796:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1748:
1742:
1740:
1739:
1738:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1656:
1650:
1649:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1490:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1474:
1473:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1429:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1399:. Archived from
1378:
1370:Pritsak, Omeljan
1366:
1360:
1359:
1333:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1292:
1286:
1280:
1274:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1231:
1228:
1104:(*Uluġundur) of
1059:Ahmad ibn Fadlan
965:
950:
947:collapsed after
933:Carpathian Basin
606:Sassanian Empire
573:is used, in the
536:'tailor', Hung.
415:ten oghur tribes
384:, Common Turkic
330:operates before
227:
223:
207:
183:Turkic languages
131:Turkic languages
55:Oghuric language
4131:
4130:
4126:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4106:
4105:
4101:
4096:
4061:
4057:Kazakh diaspora
4025:
3995:
3744:
3710:
3708:
3702:
3664:Afghan Turkmens
3655:
3648:
3626:
3620:
3575:Siberian Tatars
3499:
3424:
3418:
3414:Iranian Kazakhs
3394:Khorasani Turks
3366:
3360:
3333:
3327:
3270:Chinese Kazakhs
3252:
3246:
3229:
3228:Turkic peoples
3223:
3124:Bulgarian Turks
3100:Abkhazian Turks
3053:
3025:Afghan Turkmens
3007:
2962:
2953:Iranian Kazakhs
2948:Chinese Kazakhs
2931:
2851:
2846:
2810:
2803:
2787:
2763:
2738:
2717:
2686:
2665:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2632:
2628:
2620:
2613:
2605:
2601:
2593:
2589:
2581:
2577:
2524:
2520:
2513:
2494:
2487:
2483:
2475:
2471:
2463:
2450:
2442:
2438:
2430:
2426:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2302:
2294:
2290:
2282:
2278:
2270:
2266:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2194:
2186:
2171:
2154:
2150:
2139:
2120:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2096:
2083:
2079:
2069:Clauson, Gerard
2067:
2063:
2055:
2051:
2043:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2009:
2005:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1973:
1969:
1961:
1957:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1930:
1926:
1918:
1914:
1906:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1878:
1852:
1848:
1832:
1831:
1819:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1775:
1770:
1766:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1745:
1736:
1734:
1723:
1719:
1708:
1684:
1680:
1673:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1603:
1599:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1551:
1547:
1540:
1516:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1478:
1477:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1451:
1447:
1431:
1430:
1422:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1376:
1367:
1363:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1283:
1275:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1178:
1120:(*Wulundur) of
1112:(*Wunundur) of
1044:Constantine VII
1034:Patria Onoguria
990:
984:
974:integrated the
927:, under Khagan
921:
915:
586:
545:Oghuz languages
425:Wun ogur ->
302:(13th cent.)";
234:corresponds to
171:Khazar language
123:
117:
109:name of Hungary
63:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4116:Turkic peoples
4098:
4097:
4066:
4063:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4039:
4033:
4031:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4007:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3976:Yenisei Kyrgyz
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3912:
3911:
3904:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3866:
3865:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3725:Finnish Tatars
3722:
3716:
3714:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3671:
3666:
3660:
3658:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3628:
3622:
3621:
3619:
3618:
3613:
3612:
3611:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3505:
3504:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3462:
3457:
3456:
3455:
3448:
3441:
3428:
3426:
3420:
3419:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3370:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:Crimean Tatars
3343:
3337:
3335:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3289:Chinese Uzbeks
3286:
3285:
3284:
3275:Chinese Kyrgyz
3272:
3267:
3265:Chinese Tatars
3262:
3256:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3233:
3231:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3221:
3216:
3214:Tunisian Turks
3211:
3206:
3201:
3199:Romanian Turks
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3169:Lebanese Turks
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3149:Egyptian Turks
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3129:Croatian Turks
3126:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3114:
3105:Algerian Turks
3102:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2979:Chinese Kyrgyz
2976:
2970:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2919:
2918:
2904:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2888:
2868:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2849:Turkic peoples
2845:
2844:
2837:
2830:
2822:
2816:
2815:
2791:
2785:
2767:
2761:
2742:
2736:
2721:
2715:
2689:
2684:
2664:
2663:
2661:, p. 239.
2651:
2644:
2626:
2624:, p. 102.
2611:
2609:, p. 144.
2599:
2597:, p. 245.
2587:
2585:, p. 152.
2575:
2518:
2511:
2481:
2479:, p. 109.
2469:
2467:, p. 142.
2448:
2436:
2424:
2422:, p. 112.
2412:
2410:, p. 254.
2400:
2388:
2386:, p. 431.
2376:
2327:
2315:
2313:, p. 143.
2300:
2298:, p. 244.
2288:
2286:, p. 140.
2276:
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2192:
2190:, p. 141.
2169:
2148:
2137:
2114:
2102:
2077:
2061:
2059:, p. 259.
2049:
2047:, p. 164.
2034:
2022:
2003:
2001:, p. 333.
1991:
1989:, p. 262.
1979:
1967:
1955:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1895:
1883:
1876:
1846:
1817:
1798:
1783:
1764:
1743:
1717:
1706:
1678:
1671:
1651:
1644:
1624:
1617:
1597:
1570:
1563:
1545:
1538:
1510:
1498:
1489:|website=
1465:
1445:
1416:
1361:
1324:(4): 413–440.
1308:
1293:
1281:
1266:
1254:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1197:Chuvash people
1194:
1189:
1184:
1177:
1174:
1126:Nándorfehérvár
1114:Hudud al-'Alam
1108:(c. 820), the
1086:Olxontor Błkar
1082:Ashkharatsuyts
1026:Magna Bulgaria
986:Main article:
983:
980:
978:and Onoghurs.
945:Avar Khaganate
919:Avar Khaganate
917:Main article:
914:
913:Avar Khaganate
911:
585:
582:
532:'wind', Hung.
508:) rather than
429:Wugorac ->
348:palatalization
314:(14th cent.);
242: : Oghur
187:Oghuric family
141:and to modern
119:Main article:
116:
113:
62:
59:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4128:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4104:
4095:territories).
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4064:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4028:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3898:
3897:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3796:Black Klobuks
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3747:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3712:(exc. Russia)
3705:
3699:
3698:Afghan Kyrgyz
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3676:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3629:
3623:
3617:
3614:
3609:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3583:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3558:
3555:
3554:Mishar Tatars
3551:
3548:
3544:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3439:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3421:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3336:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3311:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3230:in Uzbekistan
3226:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3204:Serbian Turks
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3164:Kosovan Turks
3162:
3160:
3159:Israeli Turks
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3139:Cypriot Turks
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3119:Bosnian Turks
3117:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3075:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
3014:
3010:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2993:Afghan Kyrgyz
2991:
2986:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2902:
2898:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2870:
2869:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2831:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2820:
2813:on 2015-04-19
2809:
2802:
2801:
2796:
2792:
2788:
2786:9789732721520
2782:
2778:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2762:9789004163898
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2747:Curta, Florin
2743:
2739:
2737:9789756467077
2733:
2729:
2728:
2722:
2718:
2716:9783447032742
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2687:
2685:9780520015968
2681:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2660:
2655:
2647:
2641:
2637:
2630:
2623:
2618:
2616:
2608:
2603:
2596:
2591:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2522:
2514:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2485:
2478:
2473:
2466:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2445:
2440:
2434:, p. 97.
2433:
2428:
2421:
2416:
2409:
2404:
2398:, p. 98.
2397:
2392:
2385:
2380:
2372:
2365:
2353:
2345:
2344:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2324:
2319:
2312:
2307:
2305:
2297:
2292:
2285:
2280:
2274:, p. 99.
2273:
2268:
2261:
2256:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2226:, p. 70.
2225:
2220:
2213:
2208:
2201:
2196:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2152:
2145:
2140:
2138:9781400829941
2134:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2111:
2106:
2094:
2090:
2089:
2081:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2053:
2046:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2026:
2018:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1977:, p. 31.
1976:
1971:
1965:, p. 29.
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:, p. 13.
1945:
1940:
1933:
1928:
1921:
1916:
1910:, p. 30.
1909:
1904:
1902:
1900:
1892:
1887:
1879:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1842:
1836:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1818:1-57958-392-X
1814:
1810:
1809:
1802:
1794:
1787:
1779:
1774:, p. 91.
1773:
1768:
1754:
1747:
1732:
1728:
1721:
1714:
1709:
1707:9781003243809
1703:
1699:
1695:
1692:. Routledge.
1691:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1672:0-415-29772-9
1668:
1664:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1645:0-631-22039-9
1641:
1637:
1636:
1628:
1620:
1618:0-631-23170-6
1614:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1574:
1566:
1560:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1514:
1507:
1502:
1494:
1482:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1449:
1441:
1435:
1427:
1420:
1406:on 2016-12-13
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1318:Human Biology
1312:
1305:
1300:
1298:
1291:, p. 96.
1290:
1285:
1279:, p. 96.
1278:
1273:
1271:
1263:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1227:
1223:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1173:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:(*Nandur) of
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
989:
979:
977:
973:
969:
966:862–895. The
961:
958:
954:
946:
942:
938:
937:Avar Kaganate
934:
930:
926:
920:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
862:
860:
856:
852:
848:
842:
840:
839:
835:
828:
826:
822:
818:
813:
811:
808:to the lower
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
784:
779:
775:
772:". About the
771:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
739:
735:
731:
730:
725:
721:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
617:According to
615:
613:
612:
607:
603:
602:Transcaucasia
599:
595:
591:
581:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
550:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:'sea', Hung.
471:
467:
463:
458:
455:
451:
447:
443:
440:
436:
433:Wenger ->
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
399:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
349:
345:
344:Vladimir Dybo
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
232:
219:
215:
211:
203:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
175:agglutinative
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
155:agglutinative
151:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
122:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
81:
77:
72:
68:
58:
56:
52:
48:
44:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
4102:
3915:
3735:Lipka Tatars
3608:Tozhu Tuvans
3568:Volga Tatars
3281:Akto Turkmen
3174:Libyan Turks
3134:Cretan Turks
3049:Akto Turkmen
2998:Tajik Kyrgyz
2985:Akto Turkmen
2872:Azerbaijanis
2808:the original
2799:
2775:
2751:
2726:
2697:
2674:
2654:
2635:
2629:
2602:
2590:
2583:Fiedler 2008
2578:
2538:(1): 19210.
2535:
2531:
2521:
2502:
2498:
2484:
2472:
2439:
2427:
2415:
2403:
2391:
2379:
2342:
2318:
2291:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2231:
2219:
2207:
2195:
2163:
2158:
2151:
2142:
2127:
2117:
2105:
2092:
2087:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2052:
2025:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1939:
1927:
1915:
1886:
1859:
1849:
1807:
1801:
1792:
1786:
1767:
1756:. Retrieved
1746:
1735:, retrieved
1730:
1720:
1711:
1688:
1681:
1661:
1654:
1634:
1627:
1607:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1573:
1554:
1548:
1520:
1513:
1501:
1470:. Retrieved
1455:
1448:
1425:
1419:
1408:. Retrieved
1401:the original
1384:
1380:
1364:
1321:
1317:
1311:
1284:
1257:
1245:
1226:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1137:
1129:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1106:Ibn al-Kalbi
1101:
1097:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1079:
1065:. After the
1052:
1047:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1002:Nikephoros I
997:
991:
982:Old Bulgaria
955:and his son
922:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
874:
866:
864:
858:
854:
850:
846:
844:
831:
829:
820:
814:
797:
787:
781:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
746:
733:
727:
722:
707:
651:Tiele people
630:
616:
609:
597:
587:
578:
566:
558:
554:
542:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
459:
414:
410:
406:
402:
396:
390:
385:
381:
380:, Hungarian
377:
373:
366:Peter Golden
361:
352:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
254:, 'stone');
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
229:
197:
193:
191:
167:Oghur Turkic
152:
124:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
79:
75:
70:
66:
64:
51:Volga region
35:
31:
27:
25:
3956:Toquz Oghuz
3895:Oghuz Turks
3862:Sir-Kıvchak
3656:Afghanistan
3399:Qarai Turks
3315:Tor Uyghurs
3294:Fuyu Kyrgyz
3242:Karakalpaks
3111:Kouloughlis
2915:Karapapakhs
2659:Golden 2011
2622:Golden 1992
2607:Golden 2011
2595:Golden 1992
2477:Golden 1992
2465:Golden 2011
2444:Golden 1992
2432:Golden 1992
2420:Golden 1992
2408:Golden 1992
2396:Golden 1992
2360:|work=
2323:Golden 1992
2311:Golden 2011
2296:Golden 1992
2284:Golden 2011
2272:Golden 1992
2260:Golden 2011
2248:Golden 2011
2236:Golden 1992
2224:Golden 2011
2212:Golden 1992
2200:Golden 1992
2188:Golden 2011
2110:Golden 1992
2057:Golden 1992
2045:Golden 2011
2030:Golden 1992
1999:Golden 2011
1987:Golden 1992
1975:Golden 2011
1963:Golden 2011
1932:Golden 2011
1920:Golden 1992
1908:Golden 2011
1891:Golden 1992
1772:Golden 2006
1506:Golden 1992
1428:. Budapest.
1304:Golden 1992
1289:Golden 2012
1277:Golden 1992
1262:Golden 2011
1250:Golden 2011
1116:(982), the
1010:Onoghundurs
923:By 568 the
806:Kuban River
742:Middle Ages
663:Oghuz Turks
659:Toquz Oghuz
354:Denis Sinor
224:- English:
179:synharmonic
159:synharmonic
3003:Van Kyrgyz
2885:Shahsevans
1758:2023-04-25
1737:2022-05-05
1472:2024-03-30
1410:2023-04-26
1238:References
1077:"Tatars."
1048:Onogundurs
1032:state, or
1014:Theophanes
763:(Onoğur),
671:Kazakhstan
540:'grapes'.
512:(< Oğ.
504:(< Oğ.
496:'bridle',
492:'saddle',
407:Hungarians
393:Hungarians
376:, Oghuric
101:oğša-/oqša
4030:Diasporas
3971:Xueyantuo
3961:Uriankhai
3908:Pechenegs
3901:Turkomans
3875:Kutrigurs
3547:Kryashens
3509:Kumandins
3490:Karachays
3470:Besermyan
3445:Telengits
3351:Krymchaks
3334:in Crimea
3299:Ili Turks
2892:Küresünni
2703:Wiesbaden
2362:ignored (
2352:cite book
2144:identity.
1944:Dybo 2014
1835:cite book
1727:"KHAZARS"
1491:ignored (
1481:cite book
1434:cite book
1397:0363-5570
1331:1112.2013
1187:Kutrigurs
1138:*Wununtur
1122:Al-Masudi
1063:Tatarstan
941:Kutrigurs
903:Qara Itil
838:Maurikios
770:(plunder)
710:Kutrigurs
703:Khinialon
699:Kutrigurs
683:Akatziroi
647:Ting-ling
627:Saraghurs
571:rhotacism
528:, Comm.
520:, Oghur.
488:'horse',
476:, Oghur.
464:, Oghur.
411:Hun Oghur
403:(H)Ungari
97:oğuš/uğuš
65:The name
61:Etymology
4110:Category
4081:Turkmens
4069:Turkmeni
3926:Saragurs
3870:Kurykans
3856:Kipchaks
3841:Keraites
3826:Göktürks
3816:Dughlats
3806:Dingling
3776:Berendei
3627:Mongolia
3597:Tofalars
3561:Nağaybäk
3465:Bashkirs
3452:Tubalars
3438:Chelkans
3432:Altaians
3253:in China
3085:Tahtacıs
3078:Muhacirs
3019:Turkmens
2797:(2012),
2773:(2011).
2695:(1992).
2672:(1973),
2570:34584164
2346:. Varna.
2125:(2009).
2071:(1972),
1827:56420105
1372:(1982).
1356:13463642
1348:17278619
1176:See also
1071:Kipchaks
734:Hunuguri
724:Jordanes
693:, whose
691:Sandilch
679:Karadach
661:and the
635:Onoghurs
629:(Oghur.
604:and the
524:, Chuv.
480:, Comm.
468:, Comm.
370:Mongolic
364:suffix.
250: :
115:Language
89:oq/ogsiz
49:and the
28:Onoghurs
21:Onoguris
4093:Ottoman
4077:Iranian
4073:Afghani
4021:Mughals
4016:Hazaras
3966:Utigurs
3941:Türgesh
3916:Onogurs
3890:Nushibi
3885:Naimans
3846:Khazars
3836:Karluks
3791:Chigils
3786:Bulgars
3771:Barsils
3709:Europe
3688:Ansarlu
3634:Khotons
3592:Teleuts
3485:Dolgans
3480:Chuvash
3475:Chulyms
3460:Balkars
3404:Qashqai
3389:Khalajs
3367:in Iran
3309:Uyghurs
3032:Ansarlu
2943:Kazakhs
2857:Peoples
2561:8478946
2540:Bibcode
1733:, Brill
1391:: 470.
1202:Khazars
1192:Utigurs
1182:Bulgars
1144:by the
1140:in the
1134:Gardīzī
1090:History
1036:in the
962:around
929:Bayan I
883:Barsils
875:Khounni
825:Sogdian
796:, the "
790:Göktürk
774:Bulgars
757:Avnagur
718:Bulgars
714:Utigurs
695:Utigurs
667:Siberia
655:Uyghurs
619:Priscus
598:Honagur
590:Oghuric
584:History
563:totemic
543:In the
470:*tengiz
466:*tengir
413:-> (
398:On-Oğur
210:Turkish
202:Chuvash
147:Oghuric
143:Chuvash
107:" (see
105:Hungary
71:On-Oğur
32:Onoğurs
4089:Syrian
4011:Abdals
4004:Others
3991:Yabaku
3981:Yueban
3931:Shatuo
3921:Sabirs
3880:Merkit
3831:Kangly
3821:Esegel
3801:Cumans
3781:Bulaqs
3766:Basmyl
3730:Gagauz
3680:Timuri
3674:Aimaqs
3669:Afshar
3616:Yakuts
3602:Tuvans
3534:Tatars
3529:Soyots
3519:Nogais
3514:Kumyks
3501:Koibal
3495:Khakas
3425:Russia
3379:Afshar
3323:Yugurs
3237:Uzbeks
3092:Yörüks
2974:Kyrgyz
2783:
2759:
2734:
2713:
2682:
2642:
2568:
2558:
2509:
2135:
2095:]
1874:
1825:
1815:
1704:
1669:
1642:
1615:
1561:
1536:
1463:
1395:
1354:
1346:
1150:Joseph
1146:Khazar
1142:letter
1128:, the
1110:Vnndur
1075:exonym
1006:Kubrat
993:Kubrat
972:Kabars
887:Sabirs
873:) and
859:Χουννί
834:Tamgan
783:towns.
738:marten
729:Getica
639:Sabirs
577:it is
569:where
557:means
490:nyereg
482:*yüzük
478:*ǰürük
462:tenger
460:Hung.
454:Turkic
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