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structure would be open to foot traffic only and would serve as part of the larger memorial, providing access to the new statue and demonstrating to visitors what the area looked like on the first day of the
Revolution. The centennial version of the North Bridge, constructed in 1874, has been described as "whimsical" and overly rustic, representing a Victorian era interpretation of what a colonial bridge looked like. The architect was William Ralph Emerson, cousin to Ralph Waldo Emerson, Concord's famed writer and transcendentalist. The most unusual features of the Centennial Bridge were its two pavilions or covered arbors protruding from either side of the center of the bridge covered with interwoven twigs, reminiscent of a Polynesian style.
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provincials advanced in military order to take the bridge and moved on with the intention to stop the regulars from burning the town. As they advanced the
British fired a few warning shots followed by a full volley. Several provincials were killed or wounded in this first round of firing. Seeing these casualties, Major John Buttrick of Concord, in command of the provincial column, commanded, "Fire, fellow soldiers, for God's sake fire!" and the provincials returned fire, causing the British to immediately retreat back to Concord. Three British soldiers were killed and nine wounded. On the provincial side two were killed and four wounded.
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424:, donated a narrow parcel of land to the town. This parcel would allow public access from Monument Street to the proposed site of a monument on the east bank where the Old North Bridge had stood. The parcel included a section of the old Groton Road which once led to the bridge as well as the grave sites of two British soldiers who were killed in the fight and buried nearby the bridge. The town of Concord erected the 1836 Battle Monument (as it is now known) with funds donated by the
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all of whom had fought at the North Bridge in 1775. In 1793, Concord constructed a new bridge several hundred yards downriver of the North Bridge, making the latter obsolete. The road was diverted to the new bridge and the old road over the North Bridge was abandoned by the town. That same year, the town authorized Elisha Jones to tear down the North Bridge. For the next 82 years, no bridge stood at the site.
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where the first
Americans had lost their lives during the Concord Fight remained unmarked. Upon his death in 1870, he left the Town of Concord $ 1,000 to place a monument on the west side of the Concord River and to reconstruct the Old North Bridge to provide access to it. The residents of Concord pressed to finish both the new bridge and monument in time for the centennial celebration in 1875.
363:. This took place as the town was considering numerous landscape architectural plans to better preserve the monuments at the site and the surrounding grounds. Concord residents mounted protests, urging that the new commemorative bridge should be made of wood and not concrete. Massachusetts politicians including Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Works and future Governor
551:. One of these men was carried to Concord center, died and was buried there. Two others died at the bridge and were buried adjacent to a stone wall forming the boundary of the Old Manse property. It is not known which of the three are buried at the Old North Bridge site. Initially, their graves were simply marked by two plain stones.
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Association. The obelisk was designed by
Solomon Willard and placed on the land donated by Ripley, near where the east abutment of the bridge had been. The inscription on the monument reads, "HERE On the 19 of April, 1775, was made the first forcible resistance to British aggression / On the opposite
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in 1966, the bridge was listed as "a contributing structure which illustrates the continuing commemorative importance of the place." In 2002, an engineering conditions assessment of the bridge was conducted and found significant deterioration. After further preservation studies, Minute Man
National
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Spring flooding of the river and deterioration required the replacement of the bridge approximately every 20 to 30 years. Colonial records suggest that the bridge was likely replaced in 1660, again around 1683, again around 1710, and again in 1731. In 1760, the town constructed a new bridge at this
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The location of the 1836 Battle
Monument did not sit well with some in Concord. Because there was no longer a bridge, the obelisk had been placed on the eastern bank where the British had stood during the Concord Fight. A Concord farmer named Ebenezer Hubbard was particularly annoyed that the spot
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consisting of six bents of three piles each." Perkins omitted some features evident in the
Doolittle design and incorporated others not present for the sake of stability. The most prominent of these added features are the pile header beams which extend on either side of the bridge platform and the
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of 1888. It was replaced by a more austere bridge that same year. William R. Emerson also designed this bridge but left out the unusual decorative flourishes of his
Centennial Bridge. Despite attempts to make the 1888 bridge stronger with large oak pilings and cross beams, it too was washed out by
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In 1874, as plans developed for the celebration of the centennial of the battle, the Town of
Concord appointed a committee to oversee the placement of a monument on the west side of the river where the first minutemen died in combat. They were also charged with rebuilding the North Bridge. The new
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In 1788, a new bridge was constructed to replace the 1760 structure which had been in place during the battle. As with prior iterations, those with farms adjacent to the bridge paid for the replacement. In 1788 these included
Captain David Brown, Lieutenant Elisha Jones, and Colonel John Buttrick,
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There were at least eight iterations of the North Bridge constructed over four centuries. The current wooden pedestrian bridge, an approximate replica of the bridge that stood at the time of the battle, was built in 1956 and extensively restored in 2005. The bridge and the surrounding 114 acres of
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This first instance of Americans fighting in military order and firing to deadly effect on British troops was a key turning point in the Battles of Lexington and Concord. It precipitated the British retreat back to Boston and is regarded as one of the most significant events in American history.
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At about 9:30, the provincials noticed smoke rising in the direction of the village of Concord on the other side of the bridge. British regulars burned some wooden gun carriages they discovered there but the provincial militia beyond the bridge believed the regulars had set fire to the town. The
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The state engaged the architectural firm of Whitman and Howard to design the new bridge. Working for that firm, architect Howard Perkins was responsible for drafting the plans. Perkins closely examined the Doolittle drawing and came up with an interpretation based on the 1760 bridge. His design
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The Town of Concord was settled in 1635. Over the next two decades, colonial settlers established farms in the north quarter of the town. Many of these farms lay on the opposite side of the Concord River from the town center. To facilitate travel from their farms to the town, north quarter land
497:. Davis commanded the company which led the advance on the Old North Bridge. He was among the first killed and the first American officer killed in action during the Revolution. French attempted to model the facial features of his statue after photographs of Isaac Davis's descendants.
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Bank stood the American Militia / Here stood the Invading Army and on this spot the first of the Enemy fell in the War of that Revolution which gave Independence to these United States / In gratitude to GOD and In the love of Freedom this Monument was erected AD. 1836."
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cross braces connected to them. These provide strength but also allow flexibility during floods The 1956 bridge used pressure treated wood but incorporated hand hewn timbers for an authentic appearance. The bridge is 109 feet and 8 inches long between
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owners built a bridge over the Concord River at or near this location by the early 1650s. The first mention of a bridge at this location appears in town records in 1654. The farm road crossing the bridge was later improved and came to be known as the
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in 1909. The architect was Joseph R. Worcester. The bridge had the appearance of historical accuracy in that it closely resembled the bridge as depicted by Doolittle, however many disliked it due to the fact that it was made of concrete.
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In 1875, a granite slab simply inscribed, "Grave of the British Soldiers" was installed in time for the centennial. In 1910 residents of Concord placed a more substantial granite marker inscribed with a stanza from
489:, then 21 years old, was engaged by the Monument Committee to sculpt a statue representing a minuteman. Although commissioned to sculpt a generic provincial soldier, French was inspired by the story of Capt.
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Walter Laurie. These companies initially held positions on the western side of the bridge but when the provincials advanced, they crossed the bridge and took up a position on the eastern bank.
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attended the ceremony along with the Vice President, Secretary of War, and Secretary of State. The statue was cast from melted down Civil War cannons at the
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farm for munitions. Three of these companies went on to Barrett's farm while three, totaling roughly 90 men, held the North Bridge. These were the British
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555:, who resided at the Old Manse for a time, called these a "humbler...yet more interesting" token of the Concord Fight than the 1836 Battle Monument.
1007:"Finding Aid, Records of the Concord Committee of Arrangements for the Celebration in Concord of the Centennial of the Concord Fight, 1873-1876"
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pressed for funding from Congress but this failed to pass. In 1956 the Commonwealth of Massachusetts undertook construction of a new bridge.
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Three British soldiers were killed during the Concord Fight. They were Privates James Hall, Thomas Smith, and Patrick Gray, all of the
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The engagement which took place at the North Bridge has historically been known as the "Concord Fight" and was a part of the larger
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In 1959, the bridge and surrounding land became part of the Minute Man National Historical Park. When the park was added to the
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From left to right: the 1836 Battle Monument, the 1956 Old North Bridge (restored in 2005), and "The Minute Man" statue by
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troops at this location. The battle was the first instance in which American forces advanced in formation on the British
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444:" which was sung by a chorus at the dedication. The first, and best known, of the four stanzas of this poem is:
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275:. After a brief skirmish there, the British soldiers marched on to Concord. Soon after reaching the town,
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387:. Construction was completed in September 1956 and dedicated on September 29, 1956 by Governor Herter.
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of the engagement at the North Bridge based on witness accounts and his own inspection of the bridge
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gave a speech at the bridge and placed a wreath at the base of "The Minute Man" as part of the
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1849 poem, "Lines, Suggested By the Graves of Two English Soldiers On Concord Battle-Ground:"
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and in American history. The significance of the historic events at the North Bridge inspired
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site. This version was the one that was present during the Concord Fight on April 19, 1775.
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to confiscate or destroy military supplies being stockpiled in Concord by the rebellious
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The extant 1956 bridge, an approximate replica of the 1760 bridge present during the
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This stanza was later etched into the pedestal of the 1875 "Minute Man" statue.
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featured, according to architectural conservator Judith Q. Sullivan, "an arched
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The Minute Men: The First Fight: Myths and Realities of the American Revolution
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In 1955, the 1909 concrete bridge was damaged beyond repair by flooding due to
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gave the dedication address. For the occasion, Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote his "
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Historical Park embarked on an extensive restoration of the bridge in 2005.
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On April 19, 1975, the 200th anniversary of the Concord Fight, President
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celebrations. A crowd of over 15,000 people attended the exercises.
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1067:. Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's International Defense Publisher.
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An 1882 drawing of the Centennial Bridge with covered pavilions
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companies from the 4th, 10th, and 43rd Regiments of Foot under
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land make up what is known as the North Bridge unit of the
1095:. Stoneham, Massachusetts: George R. Barnstead & Son.
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1054:"Remarks at the Old North Bridge, Concord, Massachusetts"
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companies numbering approximately 400 engaged roughly 90
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The Centennial Bridge was washed away during the spring
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spring floods in 1909. The bridge was replaced by the
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Rebuilt buildings and structures in the United States
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In 1835, when there was no bridge at the site, Rev.
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A 1910 marker for the grave of two British soldiers
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1335:American Revolutionary War sites in Massachusetts
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1016:"Cultural Landscape Report: North Bridge Unit"
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1385:Tourist attractions in Concord, Massachusetts
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412:The 1836 Battle Monument and Old North Bridge
286:across the North Bridge to search provincial
1082:Minute Man National Historical Park (2020).
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1350:Bridges in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
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759:Minute Man National Historical Park (2020)
164:. On April 19, 1775, the first day of the
461:And fired the shot heard round the world.
449:By the rude bridge that arched the flood,
1365:Massachusetts in the American Revolution
1360:Former road bridges in the United States
1110:"North Bridge Historic Structure Report"
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599:British Ambassador to the United States
568:They came three thousand miles and died
516:and on coins such as the Massachusetts
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208:. It is a popular tourist destination.
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1115:. Minute Man National Historical Park.
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1021:. Minute Man National Historical Park.
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453:Their flag to April's breeze unfurled,
1345:Bridges completed in the 18th century
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1037:. New York: Oxford University Press.
457:Here once the embattled farmers stood
235:Battle of Concord § North Bridge
1294:Freedom's Way National Heritage Area
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392:National Register of Historic Places
1375:Pedestrian bridges in Massachusetts
1370:Minute Man National Historical Park
1151:Minute Man National Historical Park
580:Their English Mother made her moan.
202:Minute Man National Historical Park
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1056:. The American Presidency Project.
432:Concord dedicated the monument on
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572:To keep the past upon its throne:
269:Massachusetts Provincial Congress
1014:Dietrich-Smith, Deborah (2003).
253:Battles of Lexington and Concord
186:Battles of Lexington and Concord
152:, often colloquially called the
37:Battles of Lexington and Concord
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576:Unheard, beyond the ocean tide,
192:to refer to the moment as the "
1093:The Story of the Minutemen Man
1091:Robbins, Roland Wells (1945).
310:Later iterations of the bridge
212:Origin and earliest iterations
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1005:Concord Free Public Library.
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337:Commonwealth of Massachusetts
255:. On April 18, 1775, General
16:Bridge in Massachusetts, U.S.
1108:Sullivan, Judith Q. (2004).
514:United States National Guard
436:, July 4, 1837. Congressman
420:, who resided nearby at the
399:Monuments placed at the site
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1233:Captain William Smith House
950:Concord Free Public Library
259:, the military Governor of
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1167:Colonel James Barrett Farm
591:United States Bicentennial
535:Graves of British soldiers
529:United States Bicentennial
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194:shot heard round the world
166:American Revolutionary War
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1309:Paul Revere Capture Site
1086:. National Park Service.
1084:"North Bridge Questions"
1061:Galvin, John R. (1989).
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156:, is a historic site in
1052:Ford, Gerald R (1975).
470:"The Minute Man" statue
288:Colonel James Barrett's
1239:Jacob Whittemore House
1027:Fischer, David Hackett
889:, p. 125 and 130.
561:James Russell Lowell's
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204:and is managed by the
158:Concord, Massachusetts
97:Concord, Massachusetts
1221:Samuel Hartwell House
989:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
926:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
911:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
851:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
827:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
783:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
771:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
705:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
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657:Dietrich-Smith (2003)
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589:'s speech during the
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206:National Park Service
125:Existing version 2005
1163:(from west to east)
549:4th Regiment of Foot
495:Acton, Massachusetts
426:Bunker Hill Monument
404:1836 Battle Monument
1215:Joshua Brooks House
1197:Samuel Brooks House
1185:Farwell Jones House
1179:Nathan Meriam House
695:, pp. 140–141.
553:Nathaniel Hawthorne
190:Ralph Waldo Emerson
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1203:Noah Brooks Tavern
1033:Paul Revere's Ride
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990:
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693:Galvin (1989)
689:
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682:
681:Galvin (1989)
677:
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1284:Bloody Angle
1273:
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906:
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178:British Army
153:
150:North Bridge
149:
147:
1289:Brooks Hill
1279:Battle Road
1274:Miscellanea
1241:(Lexington)
1173:The Wayside
965:Ford (1975)
525:Gerald Ford
491:Isaac Davis
438:Samuel Hoar
418:Ezra Ripley
380:bent bridge
257:Thomas Gage
70: /
45:Coordinates
1329:Categories
1044:0195088476
999:References
365:John Volpe
58:71°21′04″W
55:42°28′08″N
1235:(Lincoln)
1229:(Lincoln)
1223:(Lincoln)
1217:(Lincoln)
1211:(Lincoln)
1205:(Lincoln)
1199:(Concord)
1193:(Concord)
1187:(Concord)
1181:(Concord)
1175:(Concord)
1169:(Concord)
1160:Buildings
422:Old Manse
385:abutments
284:companies
282:sent six
170:minutemen
1101:19784762
1029:(1994).
182:regulars
138:Location
109:Material
332:freshet
296:Captain
174:militia
122:Rebuilt
117:History
83:Crosses
1099:
1071:
1041:
597:, the
585:After
265:Boston
221:Road.
219:Groton
130:Closed
99:, U.S.
93:Locale
1113:(PDF)
1019:(PDF)
605:Notes
1097:OCLC
1069:ISBN
1039:ISBN
377:pile
172:and
148:The
133:1793
112:Wood
493:of
196:."
1331::
957:^
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613:^
520:.
1143:e
1136:t
1129:v
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500:"
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