39:
324:"Women have been at the epicenter of the Manipur story, not just as survivors of violence but also at the frontline of protests. Every time there is an issue in Manipur, you have the women coming out carrying their torches to flag the issue they feel strongly about. The women here say they want peace. Discussions should start. Everybody is sleeping. Only the mothers are awake, even at night, carrying their torches. And they are very angry."
210:, India. Its women activists carry flaming torches and march through city streets, frequently at night doing a patrol duty, and as a way of protest for seeking redress against human rights violations committed by paramilitary and armed forces units against the innocent. The movement evolved at a time when the people of Manipur were fighting for self-determination, political autonomy, and independence.
31:
80:. It derives its name from the flaming torches which the women carry while marching through city streets, often at night. They do so both as a patrol, and in protest, seeking redress against human rights violations committed by paramilitary and armed forces units against the innocent. Contextualized, Meira Paibi was founded at a time when the people of Manipur were fighting for
805:
222:
in
Manipur. Their movement has expanded to hold "public meetings, demonstrations, road closures and public bandhs or shut down of all essential services, hunger strikes and mass rallies." These women, also known as "women vigilantes", stopped army vehicles, rescued innocent youth who were apprehended
314:
In an interview to The Wire on
September 14, 2023, Aheibam Chanthoisana Chanu, a Meira Paibi leader, said that the Meira Paibis have been mis-reported and mis-interpreted by the media and those providing information to the media, while they are only fighting for peace and waiting for reconciliation
310:
noted Meira Paibi's longer history of local vigilantism. She noted that "There have been instances when they took the law into their own hands before going to the police. With this history behind them, it becomes quite possible to see that they could be violent in mob action when egged on by men."
131:
to build his house. The women who protested were neighbors in the locality. British authorities brought forces from outside the state to end this women's protest. A second movement occurred in 1939 as a protest to forced rice exportation, which was causing starvation among the local people. Women,
289:
On
September 12, 2023, in a press conference in New Delhi, the Meira Paibis said that they didn't recognise the legitimacy of buffer zones set up by the Central and State governments in Manipur. They demanded the replacement of Assam Rifles and other central security forces in Manipur with other
250:, a banned militant group, in order to force their release. On 21 July 2023, an 18-year-old woman was abducted and gang-raped in Imphal East. The victim alleged that a group of Meira Paibis women were responsible for handing her over to four armed men, who committed the act. In an interview with
156:
permitted paramilitary forces and the police to use unlimited power in dealing with insurgency, resulting in the arrest, torture, and deaths of many innocent young people. The Nisha Bandis became socially active with vigilante activities, protests and marches through the streets of Imphal and
336:
awarded the "TOI Social Impact Awards: Lifetime
Contribution" to Meira Paibi and its five leaders, the 83-year-old Thokchom Ramani, Ak Janaki Leima, L Memchoubi Devi, Y Leirik Leima, and Purnimashi Leima. In July 2004, to protest against the rape and custodial killing of
341:
by Assam Rifles personnel, these five women, known as "imas" or mothers, along with six other elderly women, protested in front of the Kangla Fort where the Assam Rifles were then stationed, by disrobing themselves and holding a banner that read 'Indian Army Rape Us'.
347:"She pushes the traditional wraparound or phanek lower, fastens the "khwang chet" cloth as a belt and wraps the traditional "phi" around her. A strip of cloth is made the turban. She grabs her meira, sets it aflame, and becomes a warrior for human rights and peace."
147:
women's activism combating alcoholism and drug addiction. The women held night marches in the streets of Imphal and elsewhere in
Manipur carrying lanterns, chastising the intoxicated, and setting fire to liquor shops. Their actions lead to the introduction of
93:, Meira Paibi is the "largest grassroots, civilian movement fighting state atrocities and human rights violations in Manipur". One of the movement's leaders, A. K. Janaki Leima, says that "We've been fighting against drug abuse, crimes against women, and the
261:
Meira Paibis of
Nongpok Sekmai in Toubal district claimed that they rescued the two Kuki women, along with three more families from the Kuki community. The Meira Paibis burned down the houses of two of the accused, soon after their arrests.
285:
On August 12, 2023, The Meira Paibis organised a sit-in protest against the alleged gang rape of a 37-year-old woman in
Churachandpur in early May 2023.Thousands of women participated in the protest across five valley districts of Manipur.
359:
On
October 2, 2023, Meira Paibi leader, Ema Longjam Memchoubi, passed away at Shija Hospital at Langol due to multiple organs failure. She was the president of Poirei Leimarol Meira Paibee Apunba Manipur (PLMPAM). Manipur CM,
299:
On
September 19, 2023, the Meira Paibis staged protests and called for a 48-hour bandh demanding the release of five people who were arrested three days before for carrying firearms and sporting camouflage uniforms.
223:
on false charges, and negotiated their transfer to the police. The Army did not protest as they respected the role of Meitei women in just causes. The Meira Paibi's movement has become known as the third Nupi Lan.
136:(government authority). The movement forced the closure of rice mills and eventually proved successful in halting the exportation of rice. Nupi Lan became the forerunner in introducing reforms in the State after
580:
364:
said, “Manipur has lost a leader who was at the forefront of many political and social movements. She also took part in voicing the current crisis and remained a true patriot until her last breath.”
1078:
303:
On
October 1, 2023, Meira Paibis of Thoubal and Kakching districts staged protests condemning the killing of two Meitei students whose photographs surfaced on social media on September 25.
1310:
1018:
1124:
153:
683:
429:
38:
1234:
968:
190:"The Manipuri story indicates that active participation by women in public affairs can and does contribute to better conditions for children and society at large". -
452:
293:
On August 30, 2023, the Meira Paibis protested against the Manipur assembly session that was wrapped up in 30 minutes and demanded to reconvene another session.
1259:
254:, two Kuki survivors accused that Meira Paibis instigated men to rape Kuki women. The role of Meira Paibi's in violence against Kuki women was also reported in
488:
592:
950:
1158:
706:
626:
1335:
655:
290:
units. The buffer zones, manned by the central security forces, divided the Kuki-dominated hill districts and Meitei-dominated valley districts.
830:
554:
1052:
278:
On August 9, 2023, the Meira Paibis submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister of India via Manipur Governor, Anusuiya Uikey, highlighting
282:. The Meira Paibis alleged that the central and para military forces posted in the affected areas of the conflict remain silent spectators.
1433:
1612:
152:
laws in the state. The late 1970s was a period of civil unrest, which established an underground insurgency movement in Manipur. The
779:
856:
1617:
1583:
1562:
1541:
1520:
1383:""These Fellows Must Be Eliminated": Relentless Violence and Impunity in Manipur: III. The Killing of Thangjam Manorama Devi"
69:
928:
1456:
1652:
1647:
1622:
460:
1183:
806:"Three Kuki Families including Two Women in the Viral Video were Saved and Rescued by Us: Nongpok Sekmai Meira Paibis"
351:
Uday, an organisation that promotes social justice, also recognised the efforts of the Meira Paibis and awarded them.
94:
274:
the para military force had unleashed atrocities on the Meitei people and demanded their withdrawal from the state."
1657:
1209:
1079:"Meant for international borders, not within country: Meira Paibis call buffer zones in Manipur 'unconstitutional'"
272:
On August 7, 2023, thousands of Meira Paibis staged protests against Assam Rifles in five districts alleging that "
306:
To make sense of their role in the 2023 violence in Manipur, Manorama Sharma a former professor of history at the
1637:
1602:
906:
754:
1627:
1607:
517:
307:
296:
On September 2, 2023, the Meira Paibis launched a mass civil disobedience movement against the Government.
1642:
1632:
140:. 12 December is observed annually by Meira Paibi as "Women's War Day" commemorating the events of 1939.
234:
alleged that Meira Paibis played an active role in instigating Meitei mobs to commit atrocities against
119:(Women's War; Women's Uprising), preceded Meira Paibi. The first one dates to 1904 when women of the
1260:"Manipur: Meira Paibis Lead Imphal Bandh to Demand Release of Men Arrested for Impersonating Police"
1362:
Manipur Ground Zero I 'Why Have These Women Protesters Clashed With The Army? I Barkha Dutt Reports
1284:
124:
247:
732:"'They Killed My Husband & Mother-in-Law, Smashed My Head,' Says 29 Year Old Kuki Survivor"
24:
1573:
1531:
1434:"Manipur: Prominent Meira Paibi Leader Ema Longjam Memchoubi Passes Away At 83 | Ukhrul Times"
1336:"Watch | Manipur: Why the Meira Paibi, a Meitei Women's Collective, Distrust the Assam Rifles"
1109:
581:"The Role of MEIRA PAIBI in Bringing about Social Change in the Manipuri Society: An Analysis"
1510:
239:
143:
The Nisha Bandis women's movement developed in the late 1970s. Its origins are attributed to
265:
On June 19, 2023, hundreds of Meira Paibis protested at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi because "
8:
267:
they felt that the Indian government has remained deaf and mute to the crisis in Manipur"
47:
1125:"We don't recognise legitimacy of buffer zones in Manipur: Meira Paibi leaders in Delhi"
242:
On 24 June 2023, more than 1,200 Meira Paibi activists blocked an Indian Army convoy in
76:. Referred to as the "guardians of civil society", Meira Paibi dates to 1977 in present
882:"Viral video: Mob torches house of second accused : 22nd jul23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines"
333:
89:
81:
1235:"Normal Life Paralysed In Manipur's Imphal On Meria Paibi, Other Groups Shutdown Call"
684:"How Meira Paibis, Manipur's women vigilante groups, have made Indian army 'helpless'"
1579:
1558:
1537:
1516:
1132:
1097:
1026:
731:
707:"18-year-old gang-raped in Manipur after women vigilantes hand her over to armed men"
338:
203:
180:, lantern) but after switching to flaming torches, they became known as Meira Paibi.
77:
1159:"Manipur: Meira Paibis burn effigies of BJP leaders, condemn short assembly session"
1382:
994:"Memo demanding removal of AR submitted to PM : 10th aug23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines"
218:
The Meitei women torch bearers represented the declaration of a just war defending
127:
of British authority in Manipur because of his directive to collect teak wood from
1552:
969:"Meitei women revive demand for removal of Assam Rifles from strife-torn Manipur"
929:"Meira Paibi mothers stage protest demonstration in Delhi - The Frontier Manipur"
656:"From Guardians to Perpetrators of Violence: Role of the Meira Paibis in Manipur"
280:"alleged atrocities and unwarranted excessive brutalities committed against them"
65:
1482:"Noted woman leader Ima Memchoubi no more : 02nd oct23 ~ E-Pao! Headlines"
993:
881:
361:
133:
1481:
1360:
831:"Manipur violence: House of man who allegedly paraded women naked set on fire"
627:"Kuki Women Paraded Naked: Meitei Women Condemn 'Barbaric Act' in Viral Video"
1596:
1136:
1053:"Manipur: Thousands of women stage protests over gangrape of 37-yr-old woman"
1030:
144:
1551:
Thomas, C. Joshua; Gopalakrishnan, Ramamoorthy; Singh, R. K. Ranjan (2001).
951:"Manipur : Hundreds of Meitei women stage protest against Assam Rifles"
251:
219:
137:
128:
43:
319:
255:
149:
112:
1019:"Protests flare in Manipur valley districts after fresh gang-rape claim"
755:"How the Biren Singh government is enabling ethnic cleansing in Manipur"
1409:"Meira Paibi Movement | Origins, Role, Armed Conflicts, Social Justice"
373:
132:
nearly 99% of them, protested peacefully, submitting a petition to the
1210:"People's Disobedience Movement launched in Manipur | Pothashang News"
907:"Meira Paibis Of Imphal Stage Protest At Jantar Mantar | Ukhrul Times"
857:"Manipur Video: Meitei Women's Group Sets Accused Man's House on Fire"
780:"We rescued naked parade victims, others: Nongpok Sekmai Meira Paibis"
531:
1311:"Meira Paibis: How Manipur's peace-keepers became agents provocateur"
710:
660:
653:
631:
235:
231:
51:
1457:"Who was Longjam Memchoubi? Noted woman activist from Manipur dies"
1408:
322:
met the Meira Paibis in Manipur during their night march and said,
246:
of Manipur's Imphal East district, which was carrying 12 cadres of
199:
116:
106:
207:
73:
55:
489:"TOI Social Impact Awards: Lifetime contribution — Meira Paibi"
191:
120:
269:. They submitted a memorandum to the Prime Minister of India.
30:
177:
20:
19:"Flaming torches" redirects here. For the light source, see
654:
Chinggelniang; Tawna Valte; Hlingbiakhoih (19 July 2023).
34:
Meira Paibis of Manipur prepare to take out a night march.
1575:
Negotiating Communication Rights: Case Studies from India
1550:
537:
404:
402:
400:
154:
Armed Forces Special Powers (Assam and Manipur) Act 1958
607:
1533:
Wounded Land: Politics and Identity in Modern Manipur
397:
385:
518:"The Role of Women in Self-Determination Movements"
1184:"Meira paibis launch civil disobedience movement"
1594:
453:"Is the Meira Paibi Movement Facing Extinction?"
226:
555:"A Narrative on the Origin of the Meira Paibis"
681:
574:
572:
511:
509:
704:
423:
421:
419:
417:
548:
546:
115:. Two such movements, collectively known as
111:Women's social movements in Manipur date to
1051:Service, Indo-Asian News (11 August 2023).
569:
506:
482:
480:
478:
427:
170:
162:
97:(AFSPA). We will continue to fight these."
1207:
585:Journal of Social Welfare & Management
414:
46:holding flaming torches, installed in the
543:
428:Laithangbam, Iboyaima (4 November 2014).
1122:
578:
515:
475:
84:, political autonomy, and independence.
37:
29:
1529:
1454:
1123:Lakshman, Abhinay (13 September 2023).
1050:
613:
538:Thomas, Gopalakrishnan & Singh 2001
198:Meira Paibi was established in 1977 in
1595:
1571:
1308:
553:Nepram, Binalakshmi (9 January 2005).
552:
391:
1554:Constraints In Development Of Manipur
1508:
1406:
486:
447:
445:
443:
408:
1512:Social Movements in North-East India
1285:"Meira paibis stages sit-in protest"
1156:
354:
1309:Sharma, Manorama (24 August 2023).
579:Thangjom, Lalzo S. (October 2013).
459:. 15 September 2013. Archived from
64:(Women torch bearers) is a women's
13:
803:
752:
516:Malindog, Anna (2 December 2014).
440:
168:(large-wicked kerosene lamps) and
14:
1669:
1613:Anti-corruption activism in India
1076:
487:Sunil, Oinam (10 January 2013).
183:
1509:Karna, Mahendra Narain (1998).
1502:
1474:
1455:Network, Hub (2 October 2023).
1448:
1426:
1400:
1375:
1353:
1328:
1302:
1277:
1252:
1227:
1208:Pothashang (1 September 2023).
1201:
1176:
1150:
1116:
1070:
1044:
1011:
986:
961:
943:
921:
899:
874:
849:
823:
797:
772:
746:
724:
698:
682:Afrida Hussain (30 June 2023).
675:
647:
619:
95:Armed Forces Special Powers Act
705:Vijaita Singh (22 July 2023).
328:
16:Indian women's social movement
1:
1618:Indian human rights activists
1572:Thomas, Pradip Ninan (2011).
1407:Sagar, Umang (11 July 2023).
430:"Women vigilantes of Manipur"
379:
308:North-Eastern Hill University
227:Role in 2023 Manipur violence
213:
123:valley protested against the
100:
42:Statues of Meira Paibis, the
1157:Irom, Bit (30 August 2023).
7:
367:
10:
1674:
1653:20th-century Indian people
345:The Times of India wrote,
104:
18:
1648:20th-century Indian women
1623:Social movements in India
1557:. Regency Publications .
160:The Nisha Bandis carried
734:. The Wire. 29 July 2023
591:(4): 235. Archived from
240:the violence in Manipur.
157:elsewhere in the state.
125:Assistant Superintendent
1658:Women in Meitei culture
1536:. Mittal Publications.
248:Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup
1638:Activists from Manipur
1603:Indian women activists
1530:Parratt, John (2005).
973:www.telegraphindia.com
195:
171:
163:
58:
35:
25:Billbergia pyramidalis
1578:. SAGE Publications.
188:
41:
33:
23:. For the plant, see
1628:Meitei organisations
1608:Community organizing
1515:. Indus Publishing.
742:– via YouTube.
48:MMRC and Unity Park
1643:Women from Manipur
1633:History of Manipur
1108:has generic name (
1025:. 12 August 2023.
1023:The Times of India
835:The Indian Express
753:Kuthar, Greeshma.
457:The Sangai ExpRess
334:The Times of India
90:The Times of India
82:self-determination
59:
36:
1585:978-81-321-0778-1
1564:978-81-87498-30-8
1543:978-81-8324-053-6
1522:978-81-7387-083-5
1289:Imphal Free Press
784:Imphal Free Press
411:, pp. 77–80.
355:Prominent Leaders
339:Thangjam Manorama
318:In August, 2023,
204:kakching district
78:Kakching district
1665:
1589:
1568:
1547:
1526:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1478:
1472:
1471:
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1436:. 2 October 2023
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1057:The Siasat Daily
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651:
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642:
640:
623:
617:
611:
605:
604:
602:
600:
595:on 13 March 2016
576:
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566:
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550:
541:
535:
529:
528:
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524:
513:
504:
503:
501:
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473:
472:
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463:on 11 March 2016
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109:
103:
66:social movement
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1671:
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1327:
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1200:
1175:
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1115:
1077:Desk, DH Web.
1069:
1043:
1010:
985:
960:
942:
931:. 19 June 2023
920:
909:. 19 June 2023
898:
873:
848:
837:. 21 July 2023
822:
796:
771:
745:
723:
697:
674:
646:
635:. 20 July 2023
618:
616:, p. 157.
606:
568:
542:
530:
505:
493:Times of India
474:
439:
413:
396:
394:, p. 168.
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