745:
909:
757:
1105:
410:
240:
829:
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610:
478:
travel by air, and individually to do so with increasing frequency and over longer distances, a dilemma that has the attention of climate scientists and other researchers, along with the press. The issue of impacts from frequent travel, particularly by air because of the long distances that are easily covered in one or a few days, is called
477:
effects at the higher altitude. U.S. airlines alone burned about 16.2 billion gallons of fuel during the twelve months between
October 2013 and September 2014. WHO estimates that globally as many as 500,000 people at a time are on planes. The global trend has been for increasing numbers of people to
344:
refers to the transport facilities used to carry people or cargo according to the chosen mode. Examples of the means of transport include automobile, airplane, ship, truck, and train. Each mode of transport has a fundamentally different set of technological solutions. Each mode has its own
885:
Although slow, modern sea transport is a highly effective method of transporting large quantities of non-perishable goods. Commercial vessels, nearly 35,000 in number, carried 7.4 billion tons of cargo in 2007. Transport by water is significantly less costly than air transport for
939:
can also send solid capsules using compressed air. For example, liquids/gases, any chemically stable liquid or gas can be sent through a pipeline. Short-distance systems exist for sewage, slurry water and beer, while long-distance networks are used for petroleum and natural gas.
846:, such as a bart, ship or sailboat, makes over a body of water, such as a sea, ocean, lake, canal, or river. If a boat or other vessel can successfully pass through a waterway it is known as a navigable waterway. The need for buoyancy unites watercraft, and makes the
976:. While large amounts of research have gone into technology, it is rarely used except to put satellites into orbit, and conduct scientific experiments. However, people have landed on the moon, and probes have been sent to all the planets of the Solar System.
590:
Land transport covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the movement of people, goods and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in
434:, is a heavier-than-air flying vehicle, in which the special geometry of the wings generates lift and then lifts the whole vehicle. Fixed-wing aircraft range from small trainers and recreational aircraft to large
850:
a dominant aspect of its construction, maintenance and appearance. When a boat is floating on the water the hull of the boat is pushing aside water where the hull now is, this is known as displacement.
1360:"The aviation industry is encouraged to take account of, and where appropriate reduce, its contribution to global warming...The impact of aviation on climate change is increased over that of direct CO
986:
and other transportation companies are currently testing the use of unmanned aerial vehicles in parcel delivery. This method will allow short-range small-parcel delivery in a short time frame.
1135:
Worldwide, the most widely used modes for passenger transport are the
Automobile (16,000 bn passenger km), followed by Buses (7,000), Air (2,800), Railways (1,900), and Urban Rail (250).
457:
Air transport is one of the fastest method of transport, Commercial jets reach speeds of up to 955 kilometres per hour (593 mph) and a considerably higher ground speed if there is a
1391:
461:
tailwind, while piston-powered general aviation aircraft may reach up to 555 kilometres per hour (345 mph) or more. This celerity comes with higher cost and energy use, and
1138:
The most widely used modes for freight transport are Sea (40,000 bn ton km), followed by Road (7,000), Railways (6,500), Oil pipelines (2,000) and Inland
Navigation (1,500).
550:
Although humans are able to walk without infrastructure, the transport can be enhanced through the use of roads, especially when using the human power with vehicles, such as
982:
transport (drone transport) is being used for medicine transportation in least developed countries with inadequate infrastructure by an
American-based start-up Zipline.
814:
in cities; buses allow for more efficient travel at the cost of reduced flexibility. Road transport by truck is often the initial and final stage of freight transport.
946:
is a broad mode where vehicles are pulled by cables instead of an internal power source. It is most commonly used at steep gradient. Typical solutions include
714:. Since the 1960s, container trains have become the dominant solution for general freight, while large quantities of bulk are transported by dedicated trains.
764:
A road is an identifiable route of travel, usually surfaced with gravel, asphalt or concrete, and supporting land passage by foot or by a number of vehicles.
866:
or propeller to move the ship. The steam was produced using wood or coal. Now, most ships have an engine using a slightly refined type of petroleum called
1586:
150:
1388:
1694:
466:
1663:
17:
874:, use nuclear power to produce the steam. Recreational or educational craft still use wind power, while some smaller craft use
218:
1354:
268:
84:
1535:
462:
404:
694:
trains feed cities from suburbs and surrounding areas, while intra-urban transport is performed by high-capacity
329:
are sometimes regarded as distinct modes, but they may lie in other categories such as land or water transport.
636:, that hauls a series of unpowered cars, that can carry passengers or freight. The locomotive can be powered by
1484:
Anderson, K.; Bows, A. (2008). "Reframing the climate change challenge in light of post-2000 emission trends".
649:
469:(IPCC) estimates a commercial jet's flight to have some 2-4 times the effect on the climate than if the same CO
285:
is a method or way of travelling, or of transporting people or cargo. The different modes of transport include
1443:
1548:
998:
1298:
878:
to drive one or more propellers, or in the case of jet boats, an inboard water jet. In shallow draft areas,
913:
673:
1444:"Eyes wide shut? UK consumer perceptions on aviation climate impacts and travel decisions to New Zealand"
806:
Automobiles offer high flexibility, but are deemed with high energy and area use, and the main source of
744:
558:. Human-powered vehicles have also been developed for difficult environments, such as snow and water, by
1714:
875:
508:
165:
465:
and particularly the global climate require consideration when comparing modes of transportation. The
1376:
Aviation and the Global
Atmosphere: A Special Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1268:
204:
175:
145:
54:
1409:
686:
is capable of speeds up to 430 km/h (270 mph), but this requires a specially built track.
672:. Railed vehicles move with much less friction than rubber tires on paved roads, making trains more
375:
for the transport of people and/or goods. Humans may use some of the animals directly, use them as
366:
326:
1486:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
1258:
979:
908:
547:; it is sometimes the only type available, especially in underdeveloped or inaccessible regions.
500:
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322:
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69:
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emissions alone by some of the other emissions released and their specific effects at altitude".
1073:
800:
625:
567:
479:
160:
89:
632:
of one or more connected vehicles that run on the rails. Propulsion is commonly provided by a
1536:
Hypermobility is now the opium of the people, an obsession that wrecks communities and planet
921:
579:
213:
170:
535:
to enhance human power. Human-powered transport remains popular for reasons of cost-saving,
1493:
737:
199:
185:
180:
119:
8:
1087:
1079:
775:. As of 2002, there were 591 million automobiles worldwide. Other users of roads include
645:
628:, known as a railway or railroad. The rails are anchored perpendicular to railroad train
427:
354:
338:
refers to the moving of people, animals, and other goods from one place to another, and
99:
1670:
1497:
1338:
1118:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
1517:
1466:
1398:, by Scott Mayerowitz, Assoc. Press Airlines Writer. Houston Chron., November 17, 2014.
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is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on
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emissions were made at ground level, because of different atmospheric chemistry and
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and has been a topic of research and governmental concern for many years.
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sends goods through a pipe, most commonly liquid and gases are sent, but
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27:
Different types of transportation such as air, water, and land transport
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is transport out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space by means of a
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652:. Alternatively, some or all the cars can be powered, known as a
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is the collective name for small electric powered vehicles.
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767:
The most common road vehicle in the developed world is the
695:
384:
380:
1634:
780:
749:
1410:"Binge flying: Behavioural addiction and climate change"
1095:
Comparison of the transport mode by distance travelled
1407:
994:
A transport mode is a combination of the following:
989:
842:
Water transport is the process of transport that a
442:. For short distances or in places without runways,
803:provide special areas of road for bicycles to use.
771:, a wheeled passenger vehicle that carries its own
454:, are not a significant portion of air transport.)
1658:
1656:
1654:
1587:United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
760:Trams, lorries, cars, bicycles and rickshaws, 1945
1389:Why airfare keeps rising despite lower oil prices
682:are long-haul services connecting cities; modern
379:for carrying goods, or harness them, alone or in
309:. Other modes of transport also exist, including
1706:
1339:Swine flu prompts EU warning on travel to the US
1334:
1332:
710:, requiring manual loading and unloading of the
511:, is the transport of people and/or goods using
446:can be operable. (Other types of aircraft, like
1651:
1408:Cohen, S.; Higham, J.; Cavaliere, C. (2011).
1329:
1142:Passenger km per capita in different regions
262:
1483:
894:and ferries remain viable in coastal areas.
1441:
702:, often making up the backbone of a city's
1635:"Zipline - Lifesaving Deliveries by Drone"
617:on the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway
269:
255:
882:are propelled by large pusher-prop fans.
595:. It consists of 2 kinds, rail and road.
467:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
1082:: driving, management, traffic signals,
962:; some of these are also categorized as
907:
827:
799:give priority for public transport, and
755:
743:
727:
608:
495:
408:
1356:The Future of Air Transport White Paper
503:remains common in developing countries.
371:Animal-powered transport is the use of
14:
1707:
1693:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
463:aviation's impacts to the environment
1549:Can we kick our addiction to flying?
1442:Cohen, S. A.; Higham, J. E. (2011).
1098:
1072:Propulsion system and power supply (
706:. Freight trains traditionally used
676:, though not as efficient as ships.
1367:
566:; even the air can be entered with
507:Human powered transport, a form of
24:
1378:(2000), Cambridge University Press
656:. Also, a train can be powered by
25:
1726:
990:Components of a mode of transport
360:
1103:
1069:A stationary or mobile workforce
485:
405:Environmental impact of aviation
238:
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1:
1538:. The Guardian. 22 Dec. 2009.
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999:Transportation infrastructure
515:muscle-power, in the form of
1429:10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.013
914:Trans-Alaska Pipeline System
7:
1252:
1234:Air (domestic except World)
876:internal combustion engines
10:
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1551:Guardian, UK. 24 May 2010.
1417:Annals of Tourism Research
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602:
583:
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509:sustainable transportation
489:
398:
364:
353:, transport operators and
1463:10.1080/13683501003653387
1451:Current Issues in Tourism
1269:Green transport hierarchy
1112:This section needs to be
176:Green transport hierarchy
1164:GDP (PPP) per capita (€)
858:were developed, using a
854:In the 1800s, the first
817:
367:Animal-powered transport
327:animal-powered transport
55:Armored fighting vehicle
1259:Alternatives to car use
980:Unmanned aerial vehicle
717:
598:
573:
501:Human-powered transport
492:Human-powered transport
421:London Heathrow Airport
323:Human-powered transport
229:Transportation planning
18:Means of transportation
1506:10.1098/rsta.2008.0138
929:
870:. Some ships, such as
839:
761:
753:
741:
618:
568:human-powered aircraft
504:
423:
394:
383:, to pull watercraft,
161:Cycling infrastructure
151:Bicycle transportation
90:Personal rapid transit
1547:Rosenthal E. (2010).
922:Prudhoe Bay Oil Field
911:
831:
759:
747:
736:(Interstate 80) near
731:
612:
580:Ground transportation
499:
412:
214:Sustainable transport
171:Free public transport
738:Berkeley, California
245:Transport portal
1611:Stopford, 1997: 8–9
1602:Stopford, 1997: 4–6
1534:Jenkins S. (2009).
1498:2008RSPTA.366.3863A
1492:(1882): 3863–3882.
1299:"mode of transport"
1143:
1088:air traffic control
428:fixed-wing aircraft
100:Powered exoskeleton
33:Part of a series on
1394:2014-11-20 at the
1303:Collins Dictionary
1141:
1084:railway signalling
933:Pipeline transport
930:
892:short sea shipping
840:
762:
754:
742:
619:
586:Off-road transport
505:
424:
341:means of transport
307:off-road transport
95:pipeline transport
1715:Transport by mode
1250:
1249:
1133:
1132:
1023:airport terminals
886:transcontinental
734:Eastshore Freeway
650:trackside systems
560:watercraft rowing
541:physical exercise
475:radiative forcing
299:rails or railways
297:, which includes
283:mode of transport
279:
278:
16:(Redirected from
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1669:. Archived from
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1423:(3): 1070–1089.
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1279:Street hierarchy
1166:(for comparison)
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704:public transport
680:Intercity trains
674:energy efficient
545:environmentalism
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224:Transport divide
125:Uncrewed vehicle
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1664:"Archived copy"
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1396:Wayback Machine
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970:Space transport
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937:pneumatic tubes
900:
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740:, United States
732:Traffic on the
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399:Main articles:
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315:cable transport
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1457:(4): 323–335.
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948:aerial tramway
926:Valdez, Alaska
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837:Split, Croatia
824:Ship transport
822:Main article:
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724:Road transport
722:Main article:
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700:rapid transits
622:Rail transport
605:Rail transport
603:Main article:
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593:urban planning
578:Main article:
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490:Main article:
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440:cargo aircraft
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361:Animal-powered
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347:infrastructure
335:transportation
295:land transport
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530:
526:
522:
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493:
486:Human powered
483:
481:
480:hypermobility
476:
468:
464:
460:
455:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:and military
437:
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429:
422:
418:
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146:Accessibility
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105:Rapid transit
103:
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70:Human-powered
68:
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1671:the original
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968:
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884:
864:paddle wheel
860:steam engine
853:
841:
805:
766:
763:
752:and bicycles
678:
670:gas turbines
648:supplied by
620:
589:
549:
531:has allowed
506:
456:
430:, typically
425:
377:pack animals
370:
339:
333:
332:In general,
331:
282:
280:
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1624:, 1998: 280
1577:, 1998: 278
1564:, 1998: 279
1326:, 1998: 281
1274:Modal share
1183:Private car
1045:motorcycles
1041:automobiles
966:transport.
898:Other modes
868:bunker fuel
862:to drive a
801:cycle lanes
793:pedestrians
777:motorcycles
664:, gravity,
646:electricity
444:helicopters
419:landing at
417:Airbus A318
166:Engineering
156:Cyclability
1680:2006-05-26
1644:2019-04-11
1593:and p. 32.
1285:References
1080:Operations
1033:containers
984:Amazon.com
974:spacecraft
880:hovercraft
872:submarines
856:steamboats
844:watercraft
769:automobile
666:pneumatics
634:locomotive
626:rail track
584:See also:
529:technology
459:jet stream
414:Air France
355:operations
120:Supersonic
1589:2007, p.
1471:154791383
1200:Bus/coach
960:ski lifts
956:escalator
952:elevators
920:from the
918:crude oil
833:Car ferry
797:bus lanes
527:. Modern
448:autogyros
436:airliners
311:pipelines
39:Transport
1709:Category
1689:cite web
1514:18757271
1392:Archived
1253:See also
1074:traction
1065:aircraft
1029:Vehicles
1015:stations
1007:networks
964:conveyor
916:conveys
888:shipping
789:bicycles
708:box cars
696:tramways
692:commuter
688:Regional
630:consists
552:bicycles
533:machines
525:swimming
452:airships
432:airplane
401:Aviation
389:vehicles
351:vehicles
219:Timeline
200:Personal
130:Vactrain
1620:Cooper
1573:Cooper
1560:Cooper
1522:8242255
1494:Bibcode
1322:Cooper
1308:14 July
1217:Railway
1114:updated
1025:), etc.
613:German
537:leisure
521:running
517:walking
195:Private
186:Outline
181:History
1622:et al.
1575:et al.
1562:et al.
1520:
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1469:
1374:IPCC,
1324:et al.
1212:1,200
1195:2,700
1189:33,200
1186:10,100
1178:7,500
1175:26,000
1172:28,600
1169:19,000
1159:World
1090:, etc.
1063:, and
1057:trains
1053:wagons
1049:trucks
785:trucks
662:cables
658:horses
644:or by
642:diesel
564:skiing
543:, and
317:, and
293:, and
205:Public
191:Public
138:Topics
1674:(PDF)
1667:(PDF)
1518:S2CID
1467:S2CID
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1240:2,800
1226:2,900
1203:1,050
1192:6,200
1156:Japan
1149:EU 15
1061:ships
818:Water
808:noise
781:buses
773:motor
748:Bus,
712:cargo
638:steam
615:ICE 1
513:human
385:sleds
381:teams
291:water
115:Space
80:Water
65:Cable
46:Modes
1695:link
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958:and
912:The
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810:and
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718:Road
698:and
690:and
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574:Land
562:and
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