1653:
4496:
2659:
1589:
2887:
4508:
2670:
3467:
3002:). Today, there are a few cases where the original sections of the Communist International have retained those names. But throughout the twentieth century, many parties changed their names. For example, following their ascension to power, the Bolshevik Party changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party. Causes for these shifts in naming were either moves to avoid
2812:(Comintern) in 1919, the concept of communist party leadership was adopted by many revolutionary parties, worldwide. In an effort to standardize the international communist movement ideologically and maintain central control of the member parties, the Comintern required that its members use the term "communist party" in their names.
2985:
Recent scholarship has developed the comparative political study of global communist parties by examining similarities and differences across historical geographies. In particular, the rise of revolutionary parties, their spread internationally, the appearance of charismatic revolutionary leaders and
3076:
Following the collapse of the
Eastern Bloc between 1989–1992, most of these parties either disappeared or were renamed and adopted different goals than their predecessors. In the 21st century, only five ruling parties on the national level still described themselves as Marxist–Leninist parties: the
2882:
and students', women's, peasants', and cultural organizations have been connected to communist parties. Traditionally, these mass organizations were often politically subordinated to the political leadership of the party. After the fall of communist party regimes in the 1990s, mass organizations
3064:
billion). The CPSU's
International Department officially recognized 95 ruling and nonruling communist parties. Overall, if one includes the 107 parties with significant memberships, there were approximately 82 million communist party members worldwide. Given its worldwide representation, the
3143:
Another important question is why communist parties were able to rule for as long as they did. Some scholars have depicted these parties as fatally flawed from their inception and argue they only remained in power because their leaders were willing to use their monopoly of power and the
2960:). Upon attaining state power these Fronts were often transformed into nominal (and usually electoral) "National" or "Fatherland" Fronts in which non-communist parties and organizations were given token representation (a practice known as
1068:
938:
2982:, though the purpose was the same: to promote the communist party line to generally non-communist audiences and to mobilize them to carry out tasks within the country under the aegis of the Front.
2956:
Historically, in countries where communist parties were struggling to attain state power, the formation of wartime alliances with non-communist parties and wartime groups was enacted (such as the
3112:
Although the historical importance of communist parties is widely accepted, their activities and functions have been interpreted in different ways. One approach, sometimes known as the
3582:
1727:
1253:
1278:
2901:
At the international level, the
Communist International organized various international front organizations (linking national mass organizations with each other), such as the
3140:
and A. James McAdams, have emphasized the differences in both these parties' organizational structure and their use of
Marxist and Leninist ideas to justify their policies.
461:
3009:
An important example of the latter was the renaming of many East
European communist parties after the Second World War, sometimes as a result of mergers with the local
1485:
489:
2859:
in Lenin's theory, there was a need for networks of separate organizations to mobilize mass support for the party. Typically, communist parties built up various
1248:
569:
802:
207:
2994:
A uniform naming scheme for communist parties was adopted by the
Communist International. All parties were required to use the name 'Communist Party of (
1373:
284:
1243:
421:
124:
2863:
whose membership was often open to non-communists. In many countries, the single most important front organization of the communist parties was its
1403:
1153:
349:
334:
254:
2971:
1500:
1168:
1108:
708:
309:
3816:
2938:
1971:
1213:
1010:
703:
3044:
in the 1960s. Those who sided with China and
Albania in their criticism of the Soviet leadership, often added words like 'Revolutionary' or '
1188:
2974:(as a modern-day example). Other times the formation of such Fronts was undertaken without the participation of other parties, such as the
1063:
579:
371:
269:
104:
1619:
499:
42:
3179:
McAdams, A. James. Vanguard of the
Revolution: The Global Idea of the Communist Party. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2017.
676:
212:
74:
3826:
3760:
1981:
1913:
1440:
1203:
1058:
4272:
3577:
2827:
political parties throughout the world. After the death of Lenin, the
Comintern's official interpretation of Leninism was the book
2431:
1722:
1553:
574:
3189:
3040:
The naming conventions of communist parties became more diverse as the international communist movement was fragmented due to the
2789:. Once a policy was agreed upon, realizing political goals required every Bolshevik's total commitment to the agreed-upon policy.
4220:
3152:. In contrast, other studies have emphasized these parties' ability to adapt their policies to changing times and circumstances.
2379:
1193:
1113:
1103:
893:
441:
406:
3821:
3116:
school of communist studies, has implicitly treated all communist parties as the same types of organizations. Scholars such as
3022:
2957:
1976:
1368:
1332:
1038:
1015:
832:
237:
4396:
3253:
2986:
their ultimate demise during the decline and fall of communist parties worldwide have all been the subject of investigation.
2561:
1163:
918:
879:
850:
89:
3136:. In contrast, other studies have emphasized the differences among communist parties. Multi-party studies, such as those by
3806:
2926:
1961:
1460:
2875:'. Later the youth league concept was broadened in many countries, and names like 'Democratic Youth League' were adopted.
3499:
3094:
2801:
2698:
1568:
1327:
888:
827:
614:
556:
3471:
3030:
3026:
2999:
1347:
1312:
1268:
1075:
900:
609:
484:
401:
396:
17:
4350:
3274:
Stuart-Fox, Martin (Autumn 1983). "Marxism and
Theravada Buddhism: The Legitimation of Political Authority in Laos".
3161:
3098:
2998:)', resulting in separate communist parties in some countries operating using (largely) homonymous party names (e.g.
2513:
1538:
1383:
1297:
1208:
1080:
953:
908:
862:
857:
822:
777:
752:
494:
329:
129:
4538:
4371:
3801:
3034:
2934:
2536:
1956:
1435:
1337:
1302:
1198:
1128:
933:
721:
649:
644:
324:
319:
146:
31:
2921:, etc. Many of these organizations were disbanded after the dissolution of the Communist International. After the
1045:
3811:
3632:
2975:
2930:
2754:
1966:
1779:
1612:
1505:
1317:
1183:
815:
715:
4144:
3259:[ Major Amendments to the Rules of the Workers' Party of Korea] (in Korean). 1 June 2021. Archived from
2301:
4433:
3285:
2598:
1465:
1455:
1398:
1378:
1263:
1228:
1178:
166:
4443:
3572:
2967:
2902:
2777:
faction ("of the minority"). To be politically effective, Lenin proposed a small vanguard party managed with
2608:
1717:
1138:
1025:
1000:
656:
601:
551:
546:
449:
159:
140:
4465:
4381:
4323:
4262:
3683:
3592:
3380:
2979:
2856:
2630:
2546:
2484:
2421:
1835:
1739:
1430:
1173:
983:
688:
681:
624:
584:
416:
202:
99:
4401:
4119:
3617:
3359:
3070:
2566:
2276:
1764:
1408:
1273:
1258:
1085:
995:
968:
948:
810:
734:
596:
454:
344:
181:
4533:
3450:
3409:
3239:
3090:
3086:
2891:
1605:
1342:
1292:
1238:
1223:
1033:
963:
840:
795:
790:
782:
770:
765:
661:
591:
378:
356:
304:
219:
114:
52:
4428:
3859:
3791:
3421:
3388:
3056:
In 1985, approximately 38 percent of the world's population lived under "communist" governments (1.67
2593:
2016:
1946:
1543:
1445:
1020:
990:
928:
845:
728:
634:
629:
541:
296:
279:
249:
232:
227:
154:
84:
35:
3351:
1322:
1123:
1093:
1005:
757:
693:
561:
536:
479:
466:
366:
264:
171:
134:
109:
94:
79:
30:
This article is about an analysis of communist parties. For a list of parties using this name, see
4455:
3770:
3663:
3492:
3442:
3082:
3078:
2868:
2829:
2809:
2796:, emphasized that the party should not neglect the importance of mass populations in realizing a
2733:
2691:
2620:
1923:
1812:
1490:
1307:
1098:
978:
698:
509:
471:
291:
176:
3447:
Why Communism Did Not Collapse: Understanding Authoritarian Regime Resilience in Asia and Europe
3125:
2872:
913:
870:
531:
119:
4406:
4225:
3713:
3562:
3542:
3149:
2914:
2778:
2571:
2384:
1864:
1707:
1687:
1548:
1158:
1143:
526:
3315:
4355:
4345:
4282:
4277:
4174:
4154:
3775:
3765:
3747:
3552:
3045:
3014:
2824:
2797:
2518:
2508:
2441:
2436:
2331:
2311:
1928:
1918:
1901:
1697:
1558:
1532:
1388:
1053:
519:
8:
4460:
4376:
4305:
4292:
4267:
4240:
4230:
4149:
4034:
3909:
3836:
3796:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3706:
3691:
3587:
3532:
3418:
Marxism and the Leap to the Kingdom of Freedom: The Rise and Fall of the Communist Utopia
3117:
2942:
2860:
2625:
2541:
2466:
2454:
2426:
2399:
2389:
2306:
2191:
2066:
1994:
1951:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1857:
1842:
1734:
1677:
514:
391:
386:
244:
4480:
4438:
4411:
4316:
4252:
4247:
4235:
4004:
3924:
3668:
3485:
3325:
3297:
2850:
2805:
2684:
2645:
2603:
2576:
2477:
2411:
2406:
2394:
2161:
2081:
1817:
1636:
1425:
4139:
2296:
4300:
4257:
4079:
3969:
3959:
3889:
3718:
3607:
3602:
3567:
3537:
3066:
3041:
3010:
2461:
2416:
2236:
2126:
2116:
2046:
1869:
1754:
1749:
1712:
1682:
1652:
1523:
361:
4089:
4064:
3929:
3212:
These calculations are based on parties for which sufficient data is available. See
2246:
2221:
2086:
41:"Marxist–Leninist party" redirects here. For a list of parties using this name, see
4512:
4500:
4391:
4199:
4099:
3994:
3939:
3894:
3884:
3869:
3755:
3658:
3627:
3289:
3137:
3133:
3003:
2922:
2816:
2782:
2742:
2674:
2663:
2556:
2356:
2256:
2151:
2096:
2051:
2041:
2026:
1908:
1807:
1774:
1593:
3260:
2761:
developed the idea of the communist party as the revolutionary vanguard, when the
2753:(proletariat). As a ruling party, the communist party exercises power through the
4024:
3964:
3954:
3949:
3879:
3648:
3622:
3597:
3557:
3522:
3276:
3101:
3018:
2846:
2716:
2181:
2121:
2111:
2106:
2036:
1797:
1769:
1744:
1702:
1667:
4340:
4194:
4134:
4104:
3989:
3984:
3904:
3899:
3874:
3527:
3145:
3121:
3065:
communist party may be counted as the principal challenger to the influence of
2766:
2758:
2720:
2503:
2351:
2291:
2261:
2146:
2141:
2061:
2056:
2031:
1672:
4527:
4475:
4189:
4169:
4159:
4084:
4039:
4019:
4009:
3934:
3914:
3214:
Starr, Richard (March–April 1986). "Checklist of Communist Parties in 1985".
2834:
2786:
2750:
2640:
2346:
2326:
2316:
2241:
2196:
2176:
2166:
2091:
2071:
3406:
The Grand Failure: The Birth and Death of Communism in the Twentieth Century
2749:, the communist party guides the political education and development of the
4386:
4179:
4129:
4124:
4114:
4094:
4049:
4044:
4029:
3919:
3854:
3653:
3612:
3113:
2946:
2871:, the youth leagues were explicit communist organizations, using the name '
2793:
2551:
2336:
2286:
2281:
2271:
2251:
2206:
2201:
2186:
2076:
2011:
1802:
1759:
3437:(Berkeley, CA: Center for International Studies, 1978); Stephen F. Cohen,
3356:
The Passing of an Illusion: The Idea of Communism in the Twentieth Century
4470:
4204:
4184:
4059:
4054:
4014:
3999:
3944:
3849:
2962:
2945:. The Soviet Union unified many of the Comintern's original goals in the
2918:
2910:
2879:
2746:
2635:
2361:
2341:
2216:
2211:
2171:
2156:
2101:
2006:
1573:
3583:"From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs"
2886:
2800:. In the course of the revolution, the Bolshevik party which became the
4074:
4069:
3979:
3974:
3301:
2906:
2864:
2774:
2770:
2231:
2226:
2136:
2131:
4450:
4164:
4109:
3864:
3673:
3508:
2950:
2762:
2738:
2724:
2615:
2321:
2266:
2021:
1822:
1644:
1563:
1528:
1495:
3293:
3006:
or as measures to generate greater acceptance by local populations.
2855:
As the membership of a communist party was to be limited to active
4421:
4416:
4310:
3701:
3129:
2820:
2586:
2581:
2471:
1852:
3318:[Communist Party of China Party Statistics Announcement].
3236:
Vanguard of the Revolution: The Global Idea of the Communist Party
3696:
3435:
Five Images of the Soviet Future: A Critical Review and Synthesis
1847:
2925:
new international coordination bodies were created, such as the
3844:
3466:
3364:
The Soviet Tragedy: A History of Socialism in Russia, 1917–1991
3320:
3254:"[pyo] bughan nodongdang gyuyag juyo gaejeong naeyong"
2001:
34:. For a list of communist parties of the past and present, see
4507:
2669:
3221:
2895:
2792:
In contrast, the Menshevik faction, which initially included
27:
Political party that promotes communist philosophy and values
3477:
3097:. As of 2023, the Chinese Communist Party was the world's
3048:' to distinguish themselves from the pro-Soviet parties.
2815:
Under the leadership of the CPSU, the interpretations of
3346:
See Carl Joachim Friedrich and Zbigniew K. Brzezinski,
2781:
which allowed the centralized command of a disciplined
3124:
have relied upon conceptions of the party emphasizing
3190:"Russian Bolshevik Party becomes the Communist Party"
2769:
was divided into ideologically opposed factions, the
3220:, and the V-Dem (Varieties of Democracy) Dataset at
2804:(CPSU) assumed government power in Russia after the
2883:sometimes outlived their communist party founders.
2819:were applied to Russia and led to the emergence of
2976:Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia
3017:parties. New names in the post-war era included "
4525:
2966:), the most popular examples of these being the
3308:
3493:
2692:
1613:
3128:control, a top-down hierarchical structure,
880:
871:
2949:under the aegis of a new organization, the
2939:Women's International Democratic Federation
3500:
3486:
3273:
2699:
2685:
1620:
1606:
2885:
3348:Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy
3233:
43:Marxist–Leninist Party (disambiguation)
14:
4526:
4397:Mass killings under communist regimes
3481:
3445:, 1986; and Martin K. Dimitrov, ed.,
3213:
2840:
2562:Mass killings under communist regimes
2958:National Liberation Front of Albania
2927:World Federation of Democratic Youth
2773:faction ("of the majority") and the
2734:The Manifesto of the Communist Party
1728:"From each according to his ability,
2802:Communist Party of the Soviet Union
24:
3104:, having over 98 million members.
3073:parties in the twentieth century.
2970:(as a historical example) and the
2808:in 1917. With the creation of the
25:
4550:
4351:Criticism of communist party rule
3459:
3354:, 1965); François Furet, et.al.,
3162:Criticism of communist party rule
2514:Criticism of communist party rule
4506:
4494:
4372:21st-century communist theorists
3465:
3439:Rethinking the Soviet Experience
3095:Lao People's Revolutionary Party
2972:North Korean Reunification Front
2935:World Federation of Trade Unions
2731:was popularized by the title of
2668:
2657:
2537:21st-century communist theorists
1651:
1587:
32:Communist Party (disambiguation)
3633:Dictatorship of the proletariat
3427:
3398:
3218:. Vol. 35. pp. 62–66.
2931:International Union of Students
2755:dictatorship of the proletariat
1780:Dictatorship of the proletariat
1730:to each according to his needs"
3385:The Marxian Revolutionary Idea
3369:
3340:
3286:University of British Columbia
3267:
3256:[표] 북한 노동당 규약 주요 개정 내용
3246:
3227:
3206:
3182:
3173:
2968:National Front of East Germany
13:
1:
3573:Critique of political economy
3507:
3366:(New York: Free Press, 1995).
3167:
3051:
2980:National Front of Afghanistan
2903:Young Communist International
1718:Critique of political economy
1139:Communist Party (Switzerland)
4466:Socialist mode of production
4382:Anti-communist mass killings
4324:Workers of the world, unite!
3593:Proletarian internationalism
3381:University of Michigan Press
2631:Socialist mode of production
2547:Anti-communist mass killings
2485:Workers of the world, unite!
1740:Proletarian internationalism
7:
4434:Marx's theory of alienation
3383:, 1962); Robert C. Tucker,
3360:University of Chicago Press
3155:
3027:People's (or Popular) Party
2890:A propaganda poster of the
2599:Marx's theory of alienation
1480:International organizations
10:
4555:
3451:Cambridge University Press
3393:Vanguard of the Revolution
3389:W. W. Norton & Company
3240:Princeton University Press
3234:McAdams, A. James (2017).
3222:https://v-dem.net/en/data/
3087:Communist Party of Vietnam
2892:Communist Party of Vietnam
2844:
2719:that seeks to realize the
40:
29:
4489:
4364:
4333:
4291:
4213:
3835:
3784:
3746:
3682:
3641:
3515:
3422:Stanford University Press
2989:
2867:. During the time of the
1544:List of communist parties
1446:Victorian Socialist Party
36:List of communist parties
3618:Workers' self-management
3352:Harvard University Press
3255:
3107:
1765:Workers' self-management
4539:Communist organizations
4456:Revolutionary socialism
3664:Socialization (Marxism)
3443:Oxford University Press
3416:; and Andrzej Walicki,
3412:, 1989); Martin Malia,
3410:Charles Scribner's Sons
3362:, 1999); Martin Malia,
3091:Workers' Party of Korea
3083:Communist Party of Cuba
3079:Chinese Communist Party
2869:Communist International
2830:Foundations of Leninism
2810:Communist International
2621:Revolutionary socialism
1813:Socialization (Marxism)
3433:See George Breslauer,
3148:to crush all forms of
2898:
2873:Young Communist League
881:
872:
803:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4407:Intentional community
3543:Collective leadership
3404:Zbigniew Brzezinski,
3216:Problems of Communism
3023:Socialist Unity Party
2915:International Red Aid
2889:
2779:democratic centralism
2572:Intentional community
1688:Collective leadership
1549:Democratic centralism
1384:Socialist Alternative
709:Revolutionary Faction
4513:Socialism portal
4501:Communism portal
4356:Criticism of Marxism
4346:Communist propaganda
3776:Fourth International
3766:Second International
3553:Communist revolution
3474:at Wikimedia Commons
3130:ideological rigidity
3015:democratic socialist
2798:communist revolution
2675:Socialism portal
2664:Communism portal
2519:Criticism of Marxism
2509:Communist propaganda
1929:Fourth International
1919:Second International
1698:Communist revolution
1594:Communism portal
1389:Victorian Socialists
699:Malaya and Singapore
4461:Socialist economics
4377:Anti anti-communism
4306:Red flag (politics)
3771:Third International
3761:First International
3588:Market abolitionism
3533:Class consciousness
3238:. Princeton, N.J.:
3118:Zbigniew Brzezinski
2996:name of the country
2943:World Peace Council
2861:front organizations
2626:Socialist economics
2542:Anti anti-communism
2531:Related topics
2467:Red flag (politics)
1924:Third International
1914:First International
1735:Market abolitionism
1678:Class consciousness
4481:Worker cooperative
4439:National communism
4412:Left-wing politics
4317:The Internationale
3669:Economic democracy
3414:The Soviet Tragedy
3391:), 1969; McAdams,
3326:Xinhua News Agency
3067:liberal-democratic
3060:billion out of 4.4
2899:
2851:Front organization
2841:Mass organizations
2806:October Revolution
2763:socialist movement
2646:Worker cooperative
2604:National communism
2577:Left-wing politics
2478:The Internationale
1818:Economic democracy
1426:Communist Alliance
1379:Socialist Alliance
297:Dominican Republic
18:Mass organizations
4534:Communist parties
4521:
4520:
4301:Hammer and sickle
3792:Communist Parties
3608:Stateless society
3603:Social revolution
3568:Communist society
3538:Classless society
3472:Communist parties
3470:Media related to
3042:Sino-Soviet split
3011:social democratic
2709:
2708:
2462:Hammer and sickle
1947:Communist Parties
1755:Stateless society
1750:Social revolution
1713:Communist society
1683:Classless society
1630:
1629:
1554:General Secretary
1539:Criticism of rule
1524:Central committee
61:Communist parties
16:(Redirected from
4546:
4511:
4510:
4499:
4498:
4497:
4402:Internationalism
4392:Communitarianism
3756:Communist League
3659:Common ownership
3628:World revolution
3578:Free association
3502:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3478:
3469:
3454:
3431:
3425:
3420:(Palo Alto, CA:
3402:
3396:
3379:(Ann Arbor, MI:
3375:Franz Borkenau,
3373:
3367:
3350:(Cambridge, MA:
3344:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3312:
3306:
3305:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3250:
3244:
3243:
3231:
3225:
3219:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3186:
3180:
3177:
3138:Robert C. Tucker
3134:party discipline
3063:
3059:
3046:Marxist–Leninist
3004:state repression
2923:Second World War
2825:Marxist–Leninist
2817:orthodox Marxism
2785:of professional
2743:Friedrich Engels
2729:communist party"
2701:
2694:
2687:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2567:Internationalism
2557:Communitarianism
1909:Communist League
1808:Common ownership
1775:World revolution
1723:Free association
1655:
1632:
1631:
1622:
1615:
1608:
1592:
1591:
1590:
1559:Marxism–Leninism
884:
875:
704:Marxist–Leninist
48:
47:
21:
4554:
4553:
4549:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4544:
4543:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4485:
4360:
4329:
4287:
4209:
3831:
3780:
3742:
3678:
3649:Planned economy
3637:
3623:World communism
3598:Labour movement
3558:Communist state
3548:Communist party
3523:Anti-capitalism
3511:
3506:
3462:
3457:
3432:
3428:
3403:
3399:
3377:World Communism
3374:
3370:
3345:
3341:
3331:
3329:
3314:
3313:
3309:
3294:10.2307/2758191
3277:Pacific Affairs
3272:
3268:
3263:on 2 June 2021.
3257:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3242:. pp. 3–4.
3232:
3228:
3211:
3207:
3198:
3196:
3188:
3187:
3183:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3158:
3110:
3102:political party
3061:
3057:
3054:
3035:Party of Labour
3019:Socialist Party
2992:
2853:
2847:Communist front
2843:
2787:revolutionaries
2767:Imperial Russia
2717:political party
2713:communist party
2705:
2667:
2666:
2658:
2656:
2651:
2650:
2532:
2524:
2523:
2499:
2491:
2490:
2457:
2447:
2446:
2375:
2367:
2366:
1997:
1987:
1986:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1904:
1894:
1893:
1838:
1828:
1827:
1798:Planned economy
1793:
1785:
1784:
1770:World communism
1745:Labour movement
1729:
1703:Communist state
1693:Communist party
1668:Anti-capitalism
1663:
1626:
1588:
1586:
1579:
1578:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1481:
1473:
1472:
1361:
1353:
1352:
1235:United Kingdom
954:Munkáspárt 2006
748:
740:
739:
437:
429:
428:
195:
187:
186:
70:
46:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4552:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4519:
4518:
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4503:
4490:
4487:
4486:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4447:
4446:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4419:
4409:
4404:
4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4365:Related topics
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4341:Anti-communism
4337:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4297:
4295:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4285:
4280:
4275:
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4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
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4243:
4233:
4228:
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4217:
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4208:
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4012:
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3867:
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3847:
3841:
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3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
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3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3528:Class conflict
3525:
3519:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3490:
3482:
3476:
3475:
3461:
3460:External links
3458:
3456:
3455:
3426:
3397:
3368:
3339:
3328:. 30 June 2023
3324:(in Chinese).
3307:
3266:
3245:
3226:
3205:
3181:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3164:
3157:
3154:
3146:state monopoly
3122:Francois Furet
3109:
3106:
3099:second largest
3053:
3050:
3031:Workers' Party
2991:
2988:
2842:
2839:
2759:Vladimir Lenin
2747:vanguard party
2721:socio-economic
2707:
2706:
2704:
2703:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2678:
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2574:
2569:
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2544:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2504:Anti-communism
2500:
2498:Criticism
2497:
2496:
2493:
2492:
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2488:
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2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
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1954:
1949:
1943:
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1921:
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1911:
1905:
1900:
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1725:
1720:
1715:
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1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1675:
1673:Class conflict
1670:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1648:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1628:
1627:
1625:
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1577:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1526:
1520:
1518:Related topics
1517:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1498:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1463:
1458:
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1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1417:Former parties
1414:
1413:
1412:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1338:United Kingdom
1335:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1298:Czechoslovakia
1295:
1287:Former parties
1284:
1283:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
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1246:
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1233:
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986:
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898:
897:
896:
891:
886:
877:
865:
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855:
854:
853:
848:
843:
835:
833:Czech Republic
830:
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820:
819:
818:
813:
805:
800:
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755:
749:
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738:
737:
732:
725:
718:
713:
712:
711:
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696:
691:
686:
685:
684:
679:
668:Former parties
665:
664:
659:
654:
653:
652:
647:
639:
638:
637:
632:
627:
619:
618:
617:
612:
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394:
389:
383:United States
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369:
359:
354:
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327:
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68:
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64:
63:
57:
56:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4551:
4540:
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4531:
4529:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4502:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4476:War communism
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4452:
4449:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
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4418:
4415:
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4410:
4408:
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4403:
4400:
4398:
4395:
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4380:
4378:
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4321:
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4309:
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4299:
4298:
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4290:
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4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
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4256:
4254:
4251:
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4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4200:Moufawad-Paul
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
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4138:
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4128:
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4041:
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4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
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3968:
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3918:
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3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3834:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:Organisations
3783:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
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3753:
3751:
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3729:
3727:
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3720:
3717:
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3712:
3708:
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3700:
3699:
3698:
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3693:
3690:
3689:
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3681:
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3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3640:
3634:
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3629:
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3624:
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3616:
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3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
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3596:
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3514:
3510:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3489:
3484:
3483:
3480:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3452:
3448:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3401:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3372:
3365:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3343:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3317:
3316:"中国共产党党内统计公报"
3311:
3303:
3299:
3295:
3291:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3278:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3249:
3241:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3217:
3209:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3176:
3172:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3132:, and strict
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3105:
3103:
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3096:
3092:
3088:
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3080:
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2881:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2835:Joseph Stalin
2832:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2756:
2752:
2751:working class
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
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2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2702:
2697:
2695:
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2683:
2682:
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2679:
2676:
2671:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2641:War communism
2639:
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2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
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2619:
2617:
2614:
2610:
2607:
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2357:Moufawad-Paul
2355:
2353:
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2240:
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2208:
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2185:
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2180:
2178:
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2110:
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2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1996:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1944:
1941:Organisations
1938:
1937:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
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1397:
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1387:
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1197:
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1029:
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1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
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1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
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994:
992:
989:
985:
982:
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977:
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974:
970:
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965:
962:
961:
959:
955:
952:
950:
947:
946:
944:
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937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
926:
924:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
906:
904:
902:
899:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
883:
878:
876:
874:
869:
868:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
838:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
817:
814:
812:
809:
808:
806:
804:
801:
797:
794:
792:
789:
788:
786:
784:
781:
779:
776:
772:
769:
767:
764:
763:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
750:
744:
743:
736:
733:
731:
730:
726:
724:
723:
719:
717:
714:
710:
707:
705:
702:
701:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
683:
680:
678:
675:
674:
672:
671:
670:
669:
663:
660:
658:
655:
651:
650:SCP (Unified)
648:
646:
645:SCP (Bakdash)
643:
642:
640:
636:
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
622:
620:
616:
613:
611:
608:
607:
605:
603:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
586:
583:
581:
578:
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568:
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563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
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543:
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521:
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516:
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481:
478:
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475:
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468:
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460:
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453:
451:
448:
447:
445:
443:
440:
439:
433:
432:
423:
420:
418:
415:
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412:
408:
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403:
400:
398:
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393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
382:
380:
377:
373:
370:
368:
365:
364:
363:
360:
358:
355:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
340:
336:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
317:
315:
311:
308:
306:
303:
302:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
286:
285:PC de C (M–L)
283:
281:
278:
277:
275:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
260:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
243:
239:
236:
234:
231:
229:
226:
225:
223:
221:
218:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
200:
198:
197:
191:
190:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
161:
158:
156:
153:
152:
151:South Africa
150:
148:
145:
143:
142:
138:
136:
133:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
96:
93:
91:
88:
86:
83:
81:
78:
76:
73:
72:
66:
65:
62:
59:
58:
54:
50:
49:
44:
37:
33:
19:
4387:Anti-fascism
4273:Soviet Union
3654:Gift economy
3613:Wage slavery
3547:
3446:
3438:
3434:
3429:
3417:
3413:
3405:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3376:
3371:
3363:
3355:
3347:
3342:
3330:. Retrieved
3319:
3310:
3281:
3275:
3269:
3261:the original
3248:
3235:
3229:
3215:
3208:
3197:. Retrieved
3193:
3184:
3175:
3142:
3114:totalitarian
3111:
3075:
3055:
3039:
3008:
2995:
2993:
2984:
2961:
2955:
2947:Eastern Bloc
2900:
2880:trade unions
2877:
2854:
2828:
2814:
2794:Leon Trotsky
2791:
2732:
2728:
2727:. The term "
2712:
2710:
2552:Anti-fascism
2432:Soviet Union
1803:Gift economy
1760:Wage slavery
1692:
1452:New Zealand
1416:
1415:
1395:New Zealand
1343:West Germany
1328:Soviet Union
1303:East Germany
1286:
1285:
1135:Switzerland
727:
720:
716:Saudi Arabia
667:
666:
606:Philippines
139:
90:Burkina Faso
60:
4471:Trade union
4429:LGBT rights
4263:Philippines
3714:Pre-Marxist
3707:Libertarian
3449:(New York:
3441:(New York:
3408:(New York:
3387:(New York:
3288:: 428–454.
3126:centralized
2963:Blockpartei
2919:Sportintern
2911:Krestintern
2636:Trade union
2594:LGBT rights
2422:Philippines
1865:Pre-Marxist
1858:Libertarian
1574:Vanguardism
1569:Secretariat
1313:Netherlands
1016:Netherlands
592:North Korea
446:Bangladesh
167:South Sudan
105:Ivory Coast
4528:Categories
4080:Berlinguer
3970:Khrushchev
3358:(Chicago:
3199:2023-06-03
3168:References
3150:opposition
3052:Membership
2907:Profintern
2865:youth wing
2845:See also:
2833:(1924) by
2737:(1848) by
2237:Berlinguer
2127:Khrushchev
1501:INITIATIVE
1422:Australia
1365:Australia
1348:Yugoslavia
1076:San Marino
1001:Luxembourg
949:Munkáspárt
939:Anasintaxi
778:Azerbaijan
657:Tajikistan
621:Sri Lanka
552:Kyrgyzstan
547:Kazakhstan
413:Venezuela
199:Argentina
125:Madagascar
4451:Red Scare
4334:Criticism
4214:By region
4195:Hatherley
4025:Althusser
3960:Togliatti
3910:Kollontai
3905:Luxemburg
3890:Pannekoek
3885:Malatesta
3880:Kropotkin
3736:Christian
3731:Religious
3726:Primitive
3692:Anarchist
3674:Use value
3642:Economics
3509:Communism
3071:catch-all
2951:Cominform
2775:Menshevik
2771:Bolshevik
2739:Karl Marx
2725:communism
2723:goals of
2616:Red Scare
2374:By region
2352:Hatherley
2182:Althusser
2117:Togliatti
2067:Kollontai
2062:Luxemburg
2047:Pannekoek
2042:Malatesta
2037:Kropotkin
1887:Christian
1882:Religious
1877:Primitive
1843:Anarchist
1823:Use value
1792:Economics
1645:Communism
1564:Politburo
1529:Communism
1496:Cominform
1491:Comintern
1109:PCE (M–L)
1069:RCWP-CPSU
1030:Portugal
996:Lithuania
807:Bulgaria
689:Indonesia
673:Cambodia
602:Palestine
570:CPN (UML)
490:CPI-ML(L)
372:PCdelP–PR
276:Colombia
4422:New Left
4417:Old Left
4311:Red star
4226:Colombia
4145:Gordillo
4120:Holloway
4065:Guattari
4035:Pasolini
4020:Hobsbawm
4005:Beauvoir
3965:Benjamin
3940:Bukharin
3930:Thälmann
3702:Leninist
3684:Variants
3516:Concepts
3424:, 1997).
3156:See also
3093:and the
3000:in India
2978:and the
2941:and the
2821:Leninist
2587:New Left
2582:Old Left
2472:Red star
2385:Colombia
2302:Gordillo
2277:Holloway
2222:Guattari
2192:Pasolini
2177:Hobsbawm
2162:Beauvoir
2122:Benjamin
2097:Bukharin
2087:Thälmann
1853:Leninist
1836:Variants
1662:Concepts
1637:a series
1635:Part of
1254:CPGB-PCC
1220:Ukraine
1086:Slovakia
960:Ireland
945:Hungary
905:Germany
837:Denmark
787:Belgium
762:Austria
735:Thailand
615:PKP-1930
597:Pakistan
580:CPN (US)
575:CPN (MC)
495:CPI(Mst)
357:Paraguay
301:Ecuador
194:Americas
100:Eswatini
85:Botswana
53:a series
51:Part of
4444:Romania
4293:Symbols
4283:Vietnam
4278:Sumatra
4221:Britain
4190:Prashad
4170:Graeber
4150:Gilmore
4135:Sankara
4125:Hampton
4060:Guevara
4010:Nkrumah
3990:Padmore
3950:Gramsci
3920:Trotsky
3895:Du Bois
3855:Meslier
3748:History
3719:Utopian
3697:Marxism
3563:Commune
3453:, 2013)
3332:30 June
3302:2758191
3194:HISTORY
3033:" and "
2745:. As a
2609:Romania
2455:Symbols
2442:Vietnam
2437:Sumatra
2380:Britain
2347:Prashad
2327:Graeber
2307:Gilmore
2292:Sankara
2282:Hampton
2217:Guevara
2167:Nkrumah
2147:Padmore
2107:Gramsci
2077:Trotsky
2052:Du Bois
2012:Meslier
1902:History
1870:Utopian
1848:Marxism
1708:Commune
1533:history
1374:CPA(ML)
1360:Oceania
1323:Romania
1293:Albania
1279:RCPB-ML
1249:CPGB-ML
1150:Turkey
1120:Sweden
1050:Russia
1046:Romania
1011:Moldova
925:Greece
901:Georgia
867:France
863:Finland
858:Estonia
823:Croatia
783:Belarus
758:Armenia
753:Albania
722:Sarawak
662:Vietnam
562:Lebanon
500:SUCI(C)
442:Bahrain
379:Uruguay
350:PC(ml)P
341:Panama
316:Mexico
224:Brazil
220:Bolivia
182:Tunisia
147:Senegal
141:Réunion
135:Morocco
130:Namibia
115:Lesotho
75:Algeria
4268:Poland
4241:Kerala
4231:France
4185:Fisher
4180:Kelley
4175:Lordon
4155:Marcos
4140:Öcalan
4105:Newton
4095:Badiou
4090:Guzmán
4070:Debord
4055:Berger
4050:Castro
4040:Mandel
4030:Freire
3995:Sartre
3935:Makhno
3925:Lukács
3915:Stalin
3875:Morris
3870:Engels
3860:Babeuf
3845:Mazdak
3837:People
3321:Qiushi
3300:
3089:, the
3085:, the
3081:, the
3062:
3058:
2990:Naming
2857:cadres
2427:Poland
2400:Kerala
2390:France
2342:Fisher
2337:Kelley
2332:Lordon
2312:Marcos
2297:Öcalan
2262:Newton
2252:Badiou
2247:Guzmán
2227:Debord
2212:Berger
2207:Castro
2197:Mandel
2187:Freire
2152:Sartre
2092:Makhno
2082:Lukács
2072:Stalin
2032:Morris
2027:Engels
2017:Babeuf
2002:Mazdak
1995:People
1333:Turkey
1318:Poland
1244:CPB-ML
1214:TKP/ML
1204:TKEP/L
1154:DHKP/C
1090:Spain
1081:Serbia
1026:Poland
1021:Norway
991:Latvia
975:Italy
828:Cyprus
747:Europe
729:Taiwan
641:Syria
566:Nepal
542:Jordan
532:Israel
520:Toufan
485:CPI(M)
476:India
462:Bhutan
402:RCPUSA
270:PC(AP)
261:Chile
255:CPC-ML
245:Canada
69:Africa
4253:Nepal
4248:Korea
4236:India
4205:Saito
4160:Hardt
4130:Zizek
4115:Davis
4100:Sison
4085:Negri
4045:Fanon
4000:Hoxha
3985:James
3900:Lenin
3298:JSTOR
3284:(3).
3108:Views
2896:Hanoi
2878:Some
2783:cadre
2715:is a
2412:Nepal
2407:Korea
2395:India
2362:Saito
2317:Hardt
2287:Zizek
2272:Davis
2257:Sison
2242:Negri
2202:Fanon
2157:Hoxha
2142:James
2057:Lenin
1486:IMCWP
1308:Italy
1169:KDH/L
1006:Malta
694:Korea
537:Japan
515:Tudeh
506:Iran
472:China
467:Burma
422:PCMLV
387:CPUSA
335:PCMML
310:PCMLE
228:PCdoB
172:Sudan
120:Libya
110:Kenya
95:Egypt
80:Benin
4258:Peru
4165:Dean
4075:Amin
3980:Zhou
3955:Tito
3865:Marx
3850:More
3822:WFSW
3817:WIDF
3807:WFDY
3802:WFTU
3334:2023
3120:and
3029:", "
3025:", "
3021:", "
3013:and
2849:and
2823:and
2741:and
2417:Peru
2322:Dean
2232:Amin
2137:Zhou
2112:Tito
2022:Marx
2007:More
1977:WFSW
1972:WIDF
1962:WFDY
1957:WFTU
1456:CPNZ
1264:NCPB
1209:TKIP
1199:TKEP
1194:TDKP
1189:MLKP
1164:HTKP
1159:EMEP
1114:PCTE
1104:PCPE
1059:CPRF
1039:PCTP
919:MLPD
894:PCRF
889:PRCF
882:PCOF
677:KPRP
635:FLSP
625:CPSL
585:NWPP
557:Laos
527:Iraq
436:Asia
362:Peru
330:PPSM
292:Cuba
265:PCCh
213:PCRA
208:PCCE
177:Togo
160:SACP
4110:Ali
4015:Kim
3975:Mao
3827:IOR
3812:IUS
3797:WPC
3290:doi
3037:".
2894:in
2765:in
2267:Ali
2172:Kim
2132:Mao
1982:IOR
1967:IUS
1952:WPC
1506:ICS
1461:SUP
1441:RSP
1436:DSP
1431:CPA
1409:SPA
1404:OMU
1369:CPA
1274:RCP
1269:RCG
1259:CPS
1239:CPB
1229:SKU
1224:KPU
1184:MKP
1179:TKP
1174:KKP
1144:PdA
1129:SKP
1094:PCE
1064:PDP
1034:PCP
984:PRC
969:WPI
964:CPI
934:ΚΟΕ
929:ΚΚΕ
914:DKP
909:KPD
873:PCF
851:APK
841:DKP
816:SKB
811:KPB
771:PdA
766:KPÖ
682:CPK
630:JVP
610:CPP
510:CPI
480:CPI
455:WPB
450:CPB
417:PCV
407:PLP
397:PSL
392:WWP
367:PCP
345:PPP
325:PPS
305:PCE
280:PCC
250:CPC
238:PCR
233:PCB
203:PCA
155:EFF
4530::
3945:Ho
3296:.
3282:56
3280:.
3192:.
3069:,
2953:.
2937:,
2933:,
2929:,
2917:,
2913:,
2909:,
2905:,
2837:.
2757:.
2711:A
2102:Ho
1639:on
1466:CL
1399:CL
1124:KP
1099:CC
1054:KR
979:PC
846:KP
796:PC
791:KP
320:PC
55:on
4326:"
4322:"
4319:"
4315:"
3501:e
3494:t
3487:v
3395:;
3336:.
3304:.
3292::
3224:.
3202:.
2700:e
2693:t
2686:v
2487:"
2483:"
2480:"
2476:"
1621:e
1614:t
1607:v
1535:)
1531:(
45:.
38:.
20:)
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