1086:, and white bare skin exists behind the ears. Male mandrills have a "crest" of long hairs on the head and neck, while both sexes have chest glands which are covered by long hairs. The face, rump and genitals have less hair. The mandrill has a red line running down the middle of their face which connects to their red nose. On either side of the line, the skin is blue and grooved. In males, the blue skin is supported by ridged bone swellings. Females have more subdued facial coloring, but this can vary between individuals with some having stronger red and blue hues and others being darker or almost black. In males, the rump and areas around the genitals are multi-colored, consisting of red, pink, blue and purple skin, with a red penis shaft and violet scrotum. The genital and anal areas of the female are red.
1494:
to fewer social connections in the group. The social rank of a mother mandrill can contribute to the social rank of both her female and male offspring. Mature males are not permanent members of hordes but join as females become sexually receptive and leave as their sexual cycle ends. As a result, the coloration of the male mandrill may be intended to attract attention in a social structure with no long-term relationships between mates. Higher ranking males are found in the center of a social group while lower ranking males are more likely to occupy the periphery. Females have some control over the males and coalitions can expel an unwanted male from a group. Outside the breeding season, males are believed to lead a solitary life and all-male
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1651:. The mandrill appears to have suffered massive habitat loss in Equatorial Guinea and southern Cameroon, while its range in the Republic of the Congo is limited and its status is unknown. In addition, while mandrills live in groups numbering in the hundreds, hunting in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea appears to have led to smaller group sizes. Gabon is seen as the most important remaining refuge for the species, and the country's low population density and vast rainforests make it a good candidate for mandrill conservation. Surveys have shown high population numbers for other primate species like chimpanzees and gorillas. A semi-wild population exists at the
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640 g (23 oz), and mostly bare-skinned with some white hair and a tuft of dark hair on the head and along the spine. Over the next two or three months, they develop their adult hair color on the body, limbs and head while the flesh-colored face and snout darken. Dependent infants are carried on their mothers' bellies. Young are typically weaned at around 230 days old. Males become more sexually dimorphic between four and eight years old, at which point females are already beginning to give birth. Males start leaving their horde after they reach six years old. Females reach their adult size around seven years while males do so at ten years.
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start as a vibration and transition into a longer harmonic sound. Short distance vocals include the "yak", a sharp, repeating, pulse-like call produced by all individuals except for adult males and made in tense situations. Mandrills may also grunt during aggressive encounters. Growls are used to express mild alarm while intense alarms come in the form of a short, two-syllable sharp call known as the "k-alarm". A sharp, loud "K-sound" is produced for unknown reasons. Screaming is a signal of fear and made by individuals fleeing, while the
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1611:. These gestures are usually performed by dominant individuals towards subordinates, who respond with bared teeth grimaces, signaling fear and aggression. Both young and low-ranking females show submission and anxiety with a pouting "duck face". Playful intentions are communicated with a relaxed open-mouth face. Males approaching females display a "grin" or silent bared-teeth face and make lip-smacks. This display may also occur with teeth-chattering. Mandrills can develop and pass on new gestures; captive individuals at the
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1063:. Females are less stocky and have shorter, flatter snouts. Males have a 70–95 cm (28–37 in) head-body length and weigh 19–30 kg (42–66 lb) while females have a 55–70 cm (22–28 in) head-body length and weigh 10–15 kg (22–33 lb). Most of the teeth are larger in males, and the canine teeth reach up to 4.5 cm (1.8 in) and 1 cm (0.39 in) long for males and females respectively. Both sexes have 7–10 cm (2.8–3.9 in) long tails.
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1470:, Gabon, mandrill hordes were found to have an average of 620 individuals, and some groups were as large as 845, making them possibly the largest cohesive groups of wild primates. Another study in Lopé found that a horde of 625 mandrills consisted of 21 dominant males, 71 less dominant and subadult males, 247 adult and adolescent females, 200 juveniles, and 86 dependent infants. A mandrill horde of around 700 individuals in northern Lopé had a total
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skin is more consistent in brightness. Higher ranking males tend to have more contrast between red and blue facial coloring. Due to their distribution of fat, dominant males are also known as "fatted" males while subordinate males are known as "non-fatted" males. Canine length also correlates with dominance, and males are less likely to sire offspring when their canines are under 30 mm (1.2 in). In some individuals, the development of
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358:. Mandrills live in large, stable groups known as "hordes" which can number in the hundreds. Females form the core of these groups, while adult males are solitary and only reunite with the larger groups during the breeding season. Dominant males have the most vibrant colors and fattest flanks and rumps, and have the most success siring young.
1510:
one another, even when there is no benefit to be gained from doing so. During grooming, subordinates prefer to pick at other mandrills from behind, in order to minimize eye contact and give them more time to flee if the more dominant individual attacks. The recipients of grooming will try to maneuver
1622:
Mandrills also produce several vocalizations, for both long and short distances. During group movements, adult males produce two-phase grunts and one-syllable roars, both of which are equivalent to the "wahoo" bark of baboons. Other group members produce "crowings", which last almost two seconds and
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family groups, and females are important for maintaining social cohesion. Strong connections with their relatives may lead to support during conflicts, higher survival rate of offspring and a longer lifespan for females. Dominant females are at the center of the group network and their removal leads
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of 182 km (70 sq mi), 89 km (34 sq mi) of which was suitable habitat. The supergroup would occasionally diverge into two to four subgroups before reuniting. Another 15-month long study of a 120-member group found a home range of 8.6 km (3.3 sq mi) with an
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Mandrill gestation lasts an average of 175 days with most births taking place between
January and March, during the wet season. Gaps in between births range from 184 to 1,159 days with an average of 405 days. and tend to be shorter in higher ranking females. Infants are born at an average weight of
1531:
mandrills have the most mating success. Upon gaining alpha status, males develop larger testicles, redder faces and posteriors, more secretion from the chest glands and fatter sides and rumps. When a male loses dominance, these physiological changes are at least partially reversed. The blue facial
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and chimpanzees. Leopards are a threat to all individuals, while eagles are only threats to the young. In a study where a mandrill group was exposed to models of leopards and crown eagles, the leopard models tended to cause the mandrills to flee up trees while the eagles were more likely to drive
1247:(6.8%), flowers (2.7%), and animal matter (4.1%), with other foods making up the remaining 1.4%. During the wet season, mandrills forage in continuous forest, when fruit is most available, while during the dry season they feed in gallery forests and at the borders of savannas and forests.
1501:
Both male and female mandrills rub and mark trees and branches with secretions from their chest glands, though males (and especially dominant males) mark more than females. The chemicals in the secretions signal the individual's sex, age and rank. Scent-marking may also serve a
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The mandrill has a stocky body with a large head and muzzle, as well as a short and stumpy tail. The limbs are evenly sized and the fingers and toes are more elongated than those in baboons, with a more opposable big toe on the feet. The mandrill is the most
1572:, and is more likely to groom and solicit them. The female signals her willingness to mate by positioning her posterior towards the male. Intercourse lasts no more than 60 seconds, with the male mounting the female and making pelvic thrusts.
1627:, a type of moan or purr, is made as a form of appeasement or frustration among females and young. Individual voices are more similar among related animals, but unrelated mandrills can have similar voices if they regularly interact.
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fibers. The blue ridges on males contrast with both the red facial hues and the green foliage of their environment, helping them stand out to other individuals. The darker and more subdued coloring of female faces is caused by
1670:
for mandrills within each of the countries they inhabit. In Gabon, most of the rainforests have been leased to timber companies but around 10 percent is part of a national parks system, 13 of which were established in 2002.
1099:: "no other member of the whole class of mammals is coloured in so extraordinary a manner as the adult male mandrill". The red coloration is created by blood vessels near the surface of the skin, while the blue is a form of
1567:
at the same time. A subordinate male is also more likely to have reproductive success if he is closely related to an alpha male. An ovulating female tends to allow the brightest colored males to come near her and touch her
1663:
1466:
Mandrills live in large "supergroups" or "hordes" that can contain hundreds of individuals. These large groups are fairly stable and do not appear to be gatherings of smaller ones. At
3824:
Charpentier, M. J. E.; Mboumba, S.; Ditsoga, C.; Drea, C. M. (2013). "Nasopalatine ducts and flehmen behavior in the mandrill: reevaluating olfactory communication in Old World primates".
1243:. The core of its diet consists of plants, of which it eats over a hundred species. One study found the mandrill's diet was composed of fruit (50.7%), seeds (26.0%), leaves (8.2%),
2900:
Rogers, M. E.; Abernethy, K. A.; Fontaine, B.; Wickings, E. J.; White, L. J. T.; Tutin, C. E. G. (1996). "Ten days in the life of a mandrill horde in the Lopé Reserve, Gabon".
2848:
Tutin, C. E.; Ham, R. M.; White, L. J.; Harrison, M. J. (1997). "The primate community of the Lopé Reserve, Gabon: diets, responses to fruit scarcity, and effects on biomass".
1607:
Mandrills communicate with various facial expressions and postures. Threat displays involve open mouth staring, usually in combination with head bobbing, ground slapping and
1356:. Such prey is killed with a bite to the head followed by pulling off the hind limbs and tearing open the belly. Individuals may cooperate during hunting and share kills.
1264:
1878:
Groves, Colin P. (1982). "Primates; Simiiformes; Catarrhini; Cercopithecoidea; Cercopithecidae; Cercopithecinae". In Wilson, Don E.; Reeder, DeeAnn M. (eds.).
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with a female for days. Dominant males tend to sire most of the offspring, but they are less able to monopolize access to the females when many females reach
3122:
Brockmeyer, T.; Kappeler, P. M.; Willaume, E.; Benoit, L.; Mboumba, S.; Charpentier, M. J. E. (2015). "Social organization and space use of a wild mandrill (
1288:. Mandrills consume more seeds than many other primate species. Adult male mandrills are one of the few primates capable of biting through the hard shell of
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them to take cover. The dominant male did not flee from either model types; in the case of the leopards, he paced around while looking in their direction.
1551:
on their posteriors, and the red facial coloration can communicate age and fertility. Males also appear to detect a female's reproductive state using the
1540:
in response to competition from other males. Male mandrills tend to establish dominance with vocalizations and facial expressions, rather than fighting.
1458:; in captivity, they use sticks to clean themselves. In the wild, mandrills appear to live 12–14 years, but captive individuals can live 30–40 years.
310:
native to west central Africa. It is one of the most colorful mammals in the world, with red and blue skin on its face and posterior. The species is
314:, as males have a larger body, longer canine teeth and brighter coloring. It is the largest monkey in the world. Its closest living relative is the
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and are awake around 10 hours per day from morning to dusk. They often pick a new tree to sleep in every night. Mandrills have been observed
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1643:. Its total population is unknown but is suspected to have decreased by more than 30 percent over the last 24 years. Its main threats are
3481:
Setchell, J. M.; Knapp, L. A.; Wickings, E. J. (2006). "Violent coalitionary attack by female mandrills against an injured alpha male".
2287:
Leigh, S. R.; Setchell, J. M.; Charpentier, M.; Knapp, L. A.; Wickings, E. J. (2008). "Canine tooth size and fitness in male mandrills (
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1352:. They also eat birds and their eggs, frogs and rodents. Mandrills have been recorded preying on larger vertebrates such as juvenile
3400:
Setchell, J. M.; Lee, P. C.; Wickings, E. J.; Dixson, A. F. (2001). "Growth and ontogeny of sexual size dimorphism in the mandrill (
1666:, which provides them protection but allows special authorization for their killing, capturing or collecting. There is at least one
5719:
5522:
4254:
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Setchell, J. M.; Lee, P. C.; Wickings, E. J.; Dixson, A. F. (2002). "Reproductive parameters and maternal investment in mandrills (
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and travel across grass areas within their forest habitats. They have also been recorded in mountainous areas, near rivers and in
5561:
3442:
Setchell, J. M.; Dixson, A. F. (2001). "Arrested development of secondary sexual adornments in subordinate adult male mandrills (
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494:
2981:
Henschel, P.; Abernethy, K. A.; White, L. J. T. (2005). "Leopard food habits in the Lopé National Park, Gabon, Central Africa".
442:
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3169:
Pansini, R.; de Ruiter, J. R. (2011). "Observation of tool use and modification for apparent hygiene purposes in a mandrill".
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4301:
2364:
2254:
1804:
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5818:
2105:
Telfer, P. T.; Souquière, S.; Clifford, S. L.; et al. (2003). "Molecular evidence for deep phylogenetic divergence in
1879:
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and spend most of their time on the ground. Their preferred foods are fruit and seeds, but mandrills will consume leaves,
5833:
4354:
4112:
Kudo, H. (1987). "The study of vocal communication of wild mandrills in
Cameroon in relation to their social structure".
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olive-brown with a yellow-orange beard and sparse, light hairs on its underside. The lips are surrounded by stiff white
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1821:
5683:
1889:
467:
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3035:
5618:
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Setchell, J. M.; Dixson, A. F. (2002). "Developmental variables and dominance rank in adolescent male mandrills (
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253:
2570:"Structural colouration of mammalian skin: Convergent evolution of coherently scattering dermal collagen arrays"
4347:
4329:
3618:
Schino, G.; De
Angelis, F. (2020). "Conflict over grooming topography between mandrill groomers and groomees".
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1559:). Dominant males try to monopolize access to females by mate guarding, which involves the male tending to and
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may prey on mandrills, as traces of mandrill have been found in their feces. Other potential predators include
5750:
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4369:
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White, E. C.; Dikangadissi, J.-T.; Dimoto, E.; et al. (2010). "Home-range use by a large horde of wild
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Mombo, I. M.; Boundenga, L.; Suquet, E.; et al. (2021). "Natural infection of free-ranging mandrills (
2625:"The evolution of the multicoloured face of mandrills: Insights from the perceptual space of colour vision"
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around 4.5 million years ago (mya) while the mandrill and drill split approximately 3.17 mya. Fossils of
5488:
3881:"Constraints on control: factors influencing reproductive success in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)"
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Charpentier, M.; Peignot, P.; Hossaert-McKey, M.; Gimenez, O.; Setchell, J. M.; Wickings, E. J. (2005).
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117:
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Setchell, J. M.; Wickings, E. J. (2005). "Dominance, status signals and coloration in male mandrills (
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Setchell, J. M.; Dixson, A. F. (2001). "Changes in the secondary sexual adornments of male mandrills (
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17:
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and being West
African in origin—and dated to 1744. The name appears to have originally referred to
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57:
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5001:
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larvae may live under the skin and individuals that walk though grassland can get infested with
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The
Encyclopaedia Britannica A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, and General Literature: Volume 15
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3526:"Sternal gland scent-marking signals sex, age, rank, and group identity in captive mandrills"
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Kudo, H.; Mitani, M. (1985). "New record of predatory behavior by the mandrill in
Cameroon".
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1100:
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523:
390:
332:
232:
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1920:
Perelman, P.; Johnson, W. E.; Roos, C.; Seuánez, H. N.; Horvath, J. E.; et al. (2011).
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1018:. This divergence appears to have also led to the splitting of the mandrill strain of the
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Bret, C.; Sueur, C.; Ngoubangoye, B.; Verrier, D.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. (2013).
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with the drill, as the two species are separated by the Sanaga River. Mandrills live in
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4055:"Meaningful gesture in monkeys? Investigating whether mandrills create social culture"
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Finstermeier, K.; Zinner, D.; Brameier, M.; Meyer, M.; Kreuz, E.; et al. (2011).
5639:
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4161:"Social shaping of voices does not impair phenotype matching of kinship in mandrills"
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Dirks, W.; Lemmers, S. A. M.; Ngoubangoye, B.; Herbert, A.; Setchell, J. M. (2020).
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in 1766. It was called the "tufted ape", "great baboon" and "ribbernosed baboon" by
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The rest of a mandrill's diet is largely made up of invertebrates, particularly
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4255:"African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1968)"
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function, captive alpha males will mark enclosure boundaries. Mandrills will
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seeds. For vegetation, they mostly eat the young leaves, shoots and piths of
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than baboons. Mandrills may aggregate or compete with other primates such as
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Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Volume 1
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Renoult, J. P.; Schaefer, H. M.; Sallé, B.; Charpentier, M. J. E. (2011).
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Skull of male mandrill, showing the long canines and ridged bone swellings
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Historically, some scientists placed the mandrill and the closely related
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is considered the stronghold for the species. Its habitat has declined in
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1757:. Vol. 1 (10th ed.). Sumptibus Guilielmi Engelmann. p. 25.
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in the late 20th and early 21st centuries found a closer relationship to
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Mandrills can become infected with gastrointestinal parasites, such as
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1996)40:4<297::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-T
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2715:"The mandrill in Gabon's rain forest-ecology, distribution and status"
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2051:"English Common Names for Subspecies and Species of African Primates"
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10.1002/(SICI)1098-2345(1997)42:1<1::AID-AJP1>3.0.CO;2-0
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average traveling distance of 2.42 km (1.50 mi) per day.
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1157:
1129:
1104:
1083:
1010:
sequences suggest that mandrill populations north and south of the
441:. The first scholar to record the name for the colorful monkey was
382:
374:
149:
5745:
5165:
5156:
4885:
3523:
3033:
1624:
1608:
1537:
1411:
1400:
1364:
1333:
1295:
1228:
1177:
1109:
996:, was based on the mistaken belief that mandrills are present on
343:
169:
4159:
Levréro, F.; Carrete-Vega, G.; Herbert, A.; et al. (2015).
1519:
530:. Some have even proposed that the mandrill and drill belong to
263:
5514:
5266:
5180:
4857:
4678:
4577:
4391:
2622:
1797:
Word
Origins: The Hidden Histories of English Words from A to Z
1564:
1341:
1220:
1060:
1023:
807:
593:
418:
328:
189:
159:
139:
3773:"Signal content of red facial coloration in female mandrills (
3719:
1380:
were more commonly heard in response to leopards than eagles.
1128:
The mandrill lives in west-central Africa, including southern
5665:
3577:"Grooming and the expectation of reciprocation in mandrills (
3334:"Social structure of a semi-free ranging group of mandrills (
1659:
1345:
1141:
931:
698:
510:
476:
378:
319:
102:
96:
3660:
3441:
2758:
Linnaeus 1758 of Rio Muni (Republic of
Equatorial Guinea)".
2520:
2018:
1070:
Male and female mandrills, showing size and color dimorphism
1000:. The consensus is that mandrills belong to one subspecies (
3524:
Vaglio, S.; Minicozzi, P.; Romoli, R.; et al. (2016).
3247:
Abernethy, K. A.; White, L. J. T.; Wickings, E. J. (2002).
3168:
1619:
to discourage being disturbed, particularly while resting.
1547:
peaking between June and
September. Receptive females have
1396:
1244:
1207:. They mainly dwell on the ground, but feed as high as the
351:
2455:
2453:
4201:
3965:
3701:
3036:"Preliminary report: antipredator behaviors of mandrills"
1329:
1298:
plants. In particular, mandrills consume leaves from the
430:
3752:
3617:
3076:) by enteroviruses and astroviruses in southern Gabon".
1698:
1543:
Mating occurs mostly during the dry season, with female
980:
Some authorities have divided mandrill populations into
4034:
3947:
3781:
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
3771:
Setchell, J. W.; Wickings, E. J.; Knapp, L. A. (2006).
3217:
3053:
3014:
3012:
2465:
2450:
2426:
2221:
2219:
2217:
1653:
International Centre of Medical Research of Franceville
1026:
of the mandrill was published in 2020, with a reported
30:
This article is about the primate. For other uses, see
3437:
3435:
2980:
2687:
2525:) are associated with gain and loss of alpha status".
2249:(3rd ed.). Elsevier Academic Press. p. 128.
2159:
1836:
4269:
4213:
3998:
2327:
1898:
1359:
1258:
The mandrill's preferred fruits include those of the
4140:
4022:
4010:
3914:"Do female mandrills prefer brightly colored males?"
3860:
3205:
3009:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2675:
2490:
The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
2438:
2263:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2214:
2083:
2030:
1847:
1819:
3432:
2806:
Hoshino, J. (1985). "Feeding ecology of mandrills (
2945:
2712:
2386:) and the development of dental sexual dimorphism"
2382:"Odontochronologies in male and female mandrills (
1859:
465:The mandrill was first scientifically depicted in
354:, mushrooms, and animals from insects to juvenile
3253:): extreme group size and seasonal male presence"
3242:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3117:
3115:
3029:
3027:
2739:
2231:
1523:"Fatted" male mandrill showing colorful posterior
1089:The mandrill is among the most colorful mammals.
5765:
4294:The Mandrill: A Case of Extreme Sexual Selection
3872:
3574:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2160:Yin, Y.; Yang, T.; Liu, H.; et al. (2020).
1877:
327:. Both species were traditionally thought to be
3911:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2618:
2616:
1884:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 162.
1799:. A & C Black Publishers Ltd. p. 178.
1514:
1419:. Wild mandrills have tested positive for SIV,
1014:split 800,000 years ago and belong to distinct
3575:Schino, Gabriele; Pellegrini, Barbara (2011).
3229:
3112:
3024:
2895:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2887:
2750:
1724:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T12754A17952325.en
4355:
4052:
3713:
3654:
2699:
2509:
2282:
2280:
2278:
1969:
1967:
1313:, as well as the piths of ginger plants like
3959:
3034:Yorzinski, J. L.; Vehrencamp, S. L. (2008).
2941:
2939:
2843:
2841:
2786:
2613:
2242:
1976:"A mitogenomic phylogeny of living primates"
1915:
1913:
1434:
1325:. They are also known to consume mushrooms.
3395:
3393:
3391:
2884:
2805:
2354:
1843:. University of Michigan. pp. 476–477.
1658:The mandrill is listed under Appendix I by
1630:
1511:the groomer to pick at more "risky" areas.
4362:
4348:
4336:– a research and conservation organization
2567:
2357:The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2275:
1964:
1922:"A molecular phylogeny of living primates"
1794:
262:
74:
47:
4184:
4088:
4078:
3896:
3800:
3551:
3541:
3448:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3406:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
3371:
3361:
2936:
2838:
2730:
2658:
2648:
2588:
2401:
2390:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
2197:
2100:
2098:
2066:
2048:
2001:
1991:
1947:
1937:
1910:
1722:
1187:Mandrills prefer thick bush dominated by
1078:of the mandrill is primarily grizzled or
479:. The species was formally classified by
4111:
3388:
2974:
2754:(1972). "Contribution to the ecology of
2561:
1591:
1574:
1518:
1477:
1438:
1249:
1119:
1065:
1045:
534:. Two genetic studies in 2011 clarified
2339:
27:Species of Old World monkey from Africa
14:
5766:
4291:
4275:
4219:
4207:
4146:
4040:
4028:
4016:
4004:
3953:
3866:
3758:
3707:
3223:
3211:
3059:
3018:
2810:) in Campo Animal Reserve, Cameroon".
2693:
2681:
2483:
2471:
2459:
2444:
2432:
2359:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 129.
2333:
2269:
2225:
2095:
2089:
2036:
2024:
1904:
1865:
1853:
1826:. D. Appleton and Company. p. 20.
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
5422:
5421:
4343:
1744:
1415:, which is transmitted by bites from
1211:. Both mandrills and drills are more
5804:Mammals of the Republic of the Congo
5751:64B59106-FE84-4C50-84CE-39EAD4EB4FA1
3972:International Journal of Primatology
3921:International Journal of Primatology
3585:International Journal of Primatology
3299:International Journal of Primatology
1823:Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature
2568:Prum, R. O.; Torres, R. H. (2004).
1710:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
1699:Abernethy, K.; Maisels, F. (2019).
1681:
1461:
1156:to the east. It does not appear to
1103:caused by parallel arrangements of
24:
4319:images and movies of the mandrill
1360:Predators, parasites and pathogens
1041:
487:in 1758. Its current generic name
405:is derived from the English words
25:
5845:
4311:
1579:Mandrill infant perched on mother
1443:Mandrills behind a wire fence at
5774:IUCN Red List vulnerable species
3746:10.1111/j.1439-0310.2004.01054.x
3003:10.1111/j.1365-2028.2004.00518.x
2246:Primate Anatomy: An Introduction
2131:10.1046/j.1365-294x.2003.01877.x
1587:
1534:secondary sexual characteristics
1152:to the north and the Ogooué and
992:). A proposed third subspecies,
116:
4247:
4225:
4152:
4105:
4046:
3905:
3826:American Journal of Primatology
3817:
3764:
3667:American Journal of Primatology
3611:
3568:
3517:
3483:American Journal of Primatology
3474:
3325:
3286:
3162:
3128:American Journal of Primatology
3065:
2902:American Journal of Primatology
2850:American Journal of Primatology
2577:Journal of Experimental Biology
2477:
2373:
2162:"The draft genome of mandrill (
2153:
2042:
1837:Baynes, Thomas Spencer (1833).
1124:Female mandrill sitting in tree
1059:primate, and it is the largest
4296:. Cambridge University Press.
4285:
1871:
1830:
1813:
1788:
1761:
1755:Systema naturæ. Regnum animale
1738:
1399:. Blood parasites include the
1148:. Its range is bounded by the
1022:(SIV). The draft (incomplete)
475:, who considered it a kind of
361:The mandrill is classified as
13:
1:
4930:Northern pig-tailed macaque (
4921:Southern pig-tailed macaque (
3338:): A social network analysis"
3090:10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104659
1820:Huxley, Thomas Henry (1872).
1674:
1431:, including a human variant.
1020:simian immunodeficiency virus
988:) and the southern mandrill (
5794:Mammals of Equatorial Guinea
4080:10.1371/journal.pone.0014610
3632:10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104240
3363:10.1371/journal.pone.0083015
3183:10.1016/j.beproc.2011.06.003
2650:10.1371/journal.pone.0029117
2313:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.001
1993:10.1371/journal.pone.0069504
1939:10.1371/journal.pgen.1001342
1515:Reproduction and development
396:
342:but will also travel across
7:
5819:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
4714:Greater spot-nosed monkey (
2713:Harrison, M. J. S. (2009).
1774:Online Etymology Dictionary
1603:Female mandrill facepalming
1172:. They also live in patchy
460:
318:, with which it shares the
10:
5850:
5834:Vulnerable biota of Africa
4786:Lesser spot-nosed monkey (
4233:"Appendices I, II and III"
2983:African Journal of Ecology
2293:Journal of Human Evolution
2190:10.1038/s41598-020-59110-3
1234:
1115:
369:. Its biggest threats are
29:
5784:Mammals described in 1758
5694:
5430:
5404:
5367:
5328:Golden-bellied mangabey (
5279:
5255:
5178:
5154:
5113:
5002:Celebes crested macaque (
4883:
4874:
4676:
4626:
4540:
4498:
4457:
4433:
4424:
4386:
4370:Extant species of family
3933:10.1007/s10764-005-5305-7
3597:10.1007/s10764-010-9477-4
3311:10.1007/s10764-010-9417-3
3272:10.1017/S0952836902001267
2732:10.1017/S0030605300022365
2243:Ankel-Simons, F. (2007).
2068:10.1896/0898-6207.20.1.65
1435:Behavior and life history
1319:and species in the genus
1310:Trachyphrynium braunianum
1265:Pseudospondias microcarpa
1225:black-and-white colobuses
1195:and plants of the genera
984:: the northern mandrill (
928:
911:
904:
887:
880:
845:
828:
821:
804:
797:
790:
712:
695:
688:
671:
664:
638:
621:
614:
607:
590:
583:
389:, while its range in the
338:Mandrills mainly live in
282:
275:
270:
261:
238:
231:
113:Scientific classification
111:
94:
72:
63:
55:
46:
41:
32:Mandrill (disambiguation)
5142:Black crested mangabey (
4741:Campbell's mona monkey (
4528:Blue Nile patas monkey (
4292:Dixson, Alan F. (2015).
3912:Setchell, J. M. (2005).
1631:Threats and conservation
1498:are not known to exist.
451:A Synopsis of Quadrupeds
58:Berlin Zoological Garden
5779:Fauna of Central Africa
5133:Grey-cheeked mangabey (
5101:White-cheeked macaque (
5038:Formosan rock macaque (
4795:White-throated guenon (
4587:Bale Mountains vervet (
4510:Southern patas monkey (
3984:10.1023/A:1013245707228
2166:): An Old World monkey"
1304:Haumania liebrechtsiana
1285:Psorospermum febrifugum
1164:, generally preferring
455:A History of Quadrupeds
5355:White-naped mangabey (
5020:Stump-tailed macaque (
4939:Pagai Island macaque (
4445:Allen's swamp monkey (
4053:Laidre, M. E. (2011).
3793:10.1098/rspb.2006.3573
3249:"Hordes of mandrills (
3078:Microbial Pathogenesis
2539:10.1006/hbeh.2000.1628
2027:, pp. 13–15, 133.
1639:lists the mandrill as
1604:
1580:
1524:
1486:
1482:Mandrills grooming at
1447:
1255:
1254:Mandrills eating fruit
1125:
1071:
1051:
524:white-eyelid mangabeys
508:) in the baboon genus
333:white-eyelid mangabeys
271:Mandrill distribution
5653:Paleobiology Database
5337:Tana River mangabey (
5011:Crab-eating macaque (
4912:Lion-tailed macaque (
4759:Crested mona monkey (
4636:(Terrestrial guenons)
4519:Common patas monkey (
4332:20 March 2023 at the
4165:Nature Communications
3898:10.1093/beheco/ari034
3620:Behavioural Processes
3543:10.1093/chemse/bjv077
3171:Behavioural Processes
2527:Hormones and Behavior
1745:Linné, C. v. (1758).
1717:: e.T12754A17952325.
1602:
1578:
1522:
1484:Natura Artis Magistra
1481:
1450:Mandrills are mostly
1442:
1253:
1146:Republic of the Congo
1123:
1101:structural coloration
1069:
1049:
554:have not been found.
391:Republic of the Congo
348:active during the day
4849:De Brazza's monkey (
4777:Dent's mona monkey (
4768:Wolf's mona monkey (
4750:Lowe's mona monkey (
4257:. University of Oslo
2355:Kingdon, J. (2015).
2055:Primate Conservation
1369:African rock pythons
1316:Renealmia macrocolia
1291:Detarium microcarpum
1162:tropical rainforests
562:among related genera
443:Georges-Louis Buffon
413:—the latter meaning
340:tropical rainforests
5789:Mammals of Cameroon
5310:Collared mangabey (
5123:(Crested mangabeys)
5092:Arunachal macaque (
4993:Gorontalo macaque (
4831:Red-tailed monkey (
4822:Moustached guenon (
4664:Sun-tailed monkey (
4374:(Old World monkeys)
4321:(Mandrillus sphinx)
4210:, pp. 203–204.
4177:2015NatCo...6.7609L
4071:2011PLoSO...614610L
3787:(1500): 2395–2400.
3738:2005Ethol.111...25S
3710:, pp. 18, 120.
3354:2013PLoSO...883015B
2995:2005AfJEc..43...21H
2760:Folia Primatologica
2641:2011PLoSO...629117R
2305:2008JHumE..55...75L
2182:2020NatSR..10.2431Y
2123:2003MolEc..12.2019T
1795:Ayto, John (2005).
1645:habitat destruction
1445:Mefou National Park
1275:Nauclea diderrichii
1239:The mandrill is an
1034:and high levels of
371:habitat destruction
66:Conservation status
5829:Vulnerable animals
5824:Tool-using mammals
5814:Primates of Africa
5216:Hamadryas baboon (
5047:Japanese macaque (
4813:Red-eared guenon (
4804:Sclater's guenon (
4686:(Arboreal guenons)
4646:L'Hoest's monkey (
4477:Angolan talapoin (
4327:Mandrillus Porject
4186:10.1038/ncomms8609
4126:10.1007/BF02381013
3885:Behavioral Ecology
3761:, pp. 61, 77.
3260:Journal of Zoology
2960:10.1007/BF02382015
2824:10.1007/BF02382401
2403:10.1002/ajpa.24094
2170:Scientific Reports
2049:Grubb, P. (2006).
1664:African Convention
1605:
1581:
1525:
1489:Hordes consist of
1487:
1468:Lopé National Park
1448:
1256:
1227:, chimpanzees and
1126:
1096:The Descent of Man
1072:
1057:sexually dimorphic
1052:
990:M. s. madarogaster
468:Historia animalium
312:sexually dimorphic
5761:
5760:
5640:Open Tree of Life
5476:Mandrillus_sphinx
5462:Mandrillus sphinx
5432:Mandrillus sphinx
5424:Taxon identifiers
5415:
5414:
5400:
5399:
5294:
5191:
5126:
5083:Tibetan macaque (
4975:Tonkean macaque (
4948:Siberut macaque (
4903:Barbary macaque (
4896:
4870:
4869:
4840:Hamlyn's monkey (
4689:
4655:Preuss's monkey (
4639:
4596:Tantalus monkey (
4553:
4470:
4375:
4303:978-1-107-11461-6
4043:, pp. 50–55.
3968:Mandrillus sphinx
3956:, pp. 61–62.
3838:10.1002/ajp.22146
3775:Mandrillus sphinx
3722:Mandrillus sphinx
3663:Mandrillus sphinx
3579:Mandrillus sphinx
3495:10.1002/ajp.20234
3460:10.1002/ajpa.1079
3444:Mandrillus sphinx
3418:10.1002/ajpa.1091
3402:Mandrillus sphinx
3336:Mandrillus sphinx
3295:Mandrillus sphinx
3251:Mandrillus sphinx
3226:, pp. 35–36.
3140:10.1002/ajp.22439
3134:(10): 1036–1048.
3124:Mandrillus sphinx
3074:Mandrillus sphinx
3062:, pp. 71–73.
2808:Mandrillus sphinx
2772:10.1159/000155442
2756:Mandrillus sphinx
2590:10.1242/jeb.00989
2583:(12): 2157–2172.
2523:Mandrillus sphinx
2474:, pp. 17–19.
2462:, pp. 17–18.
2435:, pp. 16–17.
2384:Mandrillus sphinx
2366:978-1-4729-1236-7
2289:Mandrillus sphinx
2256:978-0-08-046911-9
2164:Mandrillus sphinx
2111:Molecular Ecology
2107:Mandrillus sphinx
1806:978-0-7136-7498-9
1703:Mandrillus sphinx
1600:
1553:vomeronasal organ
1409:and the nematode
1182:cultivated fields
1170:secondary forests
1144:and parts of the
1134:Equatorial Guinea
975:
974:
970:
969:
961:
960:
952:
951:
943:
942:
869:
868:
860:
859:
775:mitochondrial DNA
768:
767:
763:
762:
754:
753:
745:
744:
736:
735:
727:
726:
653:
652:
569:Based on 54 genes
546:. The two genera
387:Equatorial Guinea
303:Mandrillus sphinx
294:
293:
289:
242:Mandrillus sphinx
106:
89:
56:Male mandrill at
16:(Redirected from
5841:
5799:Mammals of Gabon
5754:
5753:
5741:
5740:
5728:
5727:
5715:
5714:
5713:
5687:
5686:
5674:
5673:
5661:
5660:
5648:
5647:
5635:
5634:
5622:
5621:
5609:
5608:
5596:
5595:
5583:
5582:
5570:
5569:
5557:
5556:
5544:
5543:
5531:
5530:
5518:
5517:
5505:
5504:
5492:
5491:
5479:
5478:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5451:
5450:
5449:
5419:
5418:
5346:Sanje mangabey (
5319:Agile mangabey (
5301:Sooty mangabey (
5293:
5292:
5286:
5190:
5189:
5185:
5125:
5124:
5120:
5065:Bonnet macaque (
5029:Rhesus macaque (
4984:Heck's macaque (
4966:Booted macaque (
4895:
4894:
4890:
4881:
4880:
4797:C. erythrogaster
4705:Roloway monkey (
4688:
4687:
4683:
4638:
4637:
4633:
4589:C. djamdjamensis
4552:
4551:
4550:(Vervet monkeys)
4547:
4486:Gabon talapoin (
4469:
4468:
4464:
4431:
4430:
4373:
4372:Cercopithecidae
4364:
4357:
4350:
4341:
4340:
4307:
4279:
4273:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4229:
4223:
4217:
4211:
4205:
4199:
4198:
4188:
4156:
4150:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4092:
4082:
4050:
4044:
4038:
4032:
4026:
4020:
4014:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3963:
3957:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3918:
3909:
3903:
3902:
3900:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3821:
3815:
3814:
3804:
3768:
3762:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3679:10.1002/ajp.1060
3658:
3652:
3651:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3572:
3566:
3565:
3555:
3545:
3521:
3515:
3514:
3478:
3472:
3471:
3439:
3430:
3429:
3397:
3386:
3385:
3375:
3365:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3257:
3244:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3209:
3203:
3202:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3069:
3063:
3057:
3051:
3050:
3040:
3031:
3022:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2978:
2972:
2971:
2943:
2934:
2933:
2897:
2882:
2881:
2845:
2836:
2835:
2803:
2784:
2783:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2710:
2697:
2696:, pp. 9–11.
2691:
2685:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2652:
2620:
2611:
2610:
2592:
2574:
2565:
2559:
2558:
2518:
2507:
2506:
2481:
2475:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2448:
2442:
2436:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2405:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2352:
2337:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2284:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2240:
2229:
2223:
2212:
2211:
2201:
2157:
2151:
2150:
2117:(7): 2019–2024.
2102:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2005:
1995:
1971:
1962:
1961:
1951:
1941:
1917:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1895:
1875:
1869:
1863:
1857:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1834:
1828:
1827:
1817:
1811:
1810:
1792:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1765:
1759:
1758:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1726:
1696:
1647:and hunting for
1635:As of 2019, the
1601:
1557:flehmen response
1549:sexual swellings
1462:Social structure
1189:perennial plants
907:
906:
883:
882:
824:
823:
800:
799:
793:
792:
783:
782:
770:
769:
691:
690:
667:
666:
617:
616:
610:
609:
586:
585:
576:
575:
566:
565:
495:Ferdinand Ritgen
436:
433:
428:
424:
421:
416:
373:and hunting for
308:Old World monkey
287:
266:
244:
121:
120:
100:
83:
78:
77:
51:
39:
38:
21:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5764:
5763:
5762:
5757:
5749:
5744:
5736:
5733:Observation.org
5731:
5723:
5718:
5709:
5708:
5703:
5690:
5682:
5677:
5669:
5664:
5656:
5651:
5643:
5638:
5630:
5627:Observation.org
5625:
5617:
5612:
5604:
5599:
5591:
5586:
5578:
5573:
5565:
5560:
5552:
5547:
5539:
5534:
5526:
5521:
5513:
5508:
5500:
5495:
5487:
5482:
5474:
5469:
5460:
5459:
5454:
5445:
5444:
5439:
5426:
5416:
5411:
5396:
5363:
5330:C. chrysogaster
5290:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5275:
5251:
5234:Chacma baboon (
5225:Guinea baboon (
5209:P. cynocephalus
5207:Yellow baboon (
5187:
5186:
5184:
5174:
5150:
5122:
5121:
5119:
5109:
5074:Assam macaque (
5056:Toque macaque (
5013:M. fascicularis
4892:
4891:
4889:
4866:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4672:
4635:
4634:
4632:
4622:
4605:Vervet monkey (
4549:
4548:
4546:
4536:
4494:
4466:
4465:
4463:
4453:
4447:A. nigroviridis
4420:
4382:
4379:Cercopithecinae
4368:
4334:Wayback Machine
4314:
4304:
4288:
4283:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4260:
4258:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4238:
4236:
4231:
4230:
4226:
4218:
4214:
4206:
4202:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4141:
4110:
4106:
4051:
4047:
4039:
4035:
4027:
4023:
4015:
4011:
4003:
3999:
3964:
3960:
3952:
3948:
3916:
3910:
3906:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3822:
3818:
3769:
3765:
3757:
3753:
3718:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3659:
3655:
3616:
3612:
3573:
3569:
3530:Chemical Senses
3522:
3518:
3479:
3475:
3440:
3433:
3398:
3389:
3330:
3326:
3291:
3287:
3255:
3245:
3230:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3206:
3167:
3163:
3120:
3113:
3070:
3066:
3058:
3054:
3038:
3032:
3025:
3017:
3010:
2979:
2975:
2944:
2937:
2898:
2885:
2846:
2839:
2804:
2787:
2749:
2740:
2711:
2700:
2692:
2688:
2680:
2676:
2621:
2614:
2572:
2566:
2562:
2519:
2510:
2497:. p. 292.
2482:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2451:
2443:
2439:
2431:
2427:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2353:
2340:
2332:
2328:
2285:
2276:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2241:
2232:
2224:
2215:
2158:
2154:
2103:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2047:
2043:
2035:
2031:
2023:
2019:
1972:
1965:
1932:(3): e1001342.
1918:
1911:
1907:, pp. 6–7.
1903:
1899:
1892:
1876:
1872:
1864:
1860:
1856:, pp. 3–4.
1852:
1848:
1835:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1807:
1793:
1789:
1779:
1777:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1743:
1739:
1729:
1727:
1697:
1682:
1677:
1633:
1592:
1590:
1517:
1496:bachelor groups
1464:
1437:
1423:of the species
1362:
1237:
1174:gallery forests
1166:primary forests
1118:
1044:
1042:Characteristics
1032:giga–base-pairs
994:M. s. insularis
979:
977:
976:
971:
962:
953:
944:
870:
861:
764:
755:
746:
737:
728:
654:
563:
544:sister lineages
520:genetic studies
471:(1551–1558) by
463:
434:
429:
426:
422:
417:
414:
399:
257:
246:
240:
227:
200:Cercopithecidae
115:
107:
90:
79:
75:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5847:
5837:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5759:
5758:
5756:
5755:
5742:
5729:
5716:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5675:
5662:
5649:
5636:
5623:
5610:
5597:
5584:
5571:
5558:
5545:
5532:
5519:
5506:
5493:
5480:
5467:
5452:
5436:
5434:
5428:
5427:
5413:
5412:
5405:
5402:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5395:
5394:
5390:M. leucophaeus
5385:
5375:
5373:
5365:
5364:
5362:
5361:
5352:
5343:
5334:
5325:
5316:
5307:
5297:
5295:
5277:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5243:Kinda baboon (
5240:
5231:
5222:
5213:
5204:
5198:Olive baboon (
5194:
5192:
5176:
5175:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5139:
5129:
5127:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5098:
5089:
5080:
5071:
5062:
5053:
5044:
5035:
5026:
5017:
5008:
4999:
4990:
4981:
4972:
4963:
4957:Moor macaque (
4954:
4945:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4899:
4897:
4878:
4872:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4865:
4864:
4860:C. lomamiensis
4855:
4846:
4837:
4828:
4819:
4810:
4801:
4792:
4783:
4774:
4765:
4756:
4747:
4738:
4729:
4720:
4711:
4702:
4696:Diana monkey (
4692:
4690:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4670:
4661:
4652:
4642:
4640:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4620:
4611:
4607:C. pygerythrus
4602:
4593:
4584:
4575:
4569:Green monkey (
4566:
4560:Dryas monkey (
4556:
4554:
4538:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4530:E. poliophaeus
4525:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4496:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4483:
4473:
4471:
4455:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4441:
4439:
4436:Allenopithecus
4428:
4426:Cercopithecini
4422:
4421:
4419:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4400:
4394:
4387:
4384:
4383:
4367:
4366:
4359:
4352:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4324:
4313:
4312:External links
4310:
4309:
4308:
4302:
4287:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:, p. 206.
4268:
4246:
4224:
4222:, p. 204.
4212:
4200:
4151:
4139:
4120:(3): 289–308.
4104:
4045:
4033:
4021:
4009:
4007:, p. 112.
3997:
3958:
3946:
3927:(4): 715–735.
3904:
3891:(3): 614–623.
3871:
3859:
3832:(1): 703–714.
3816:
3763:
3751:
3712:
3700:
3653:
3610:
3591:(2): 406–414.
3567:
3536:(2): 177–186.
3516:
3489:(4): 411–418.
3473:
3454:(3): 245–252.
3431:
3412:(4): 349–360.
3387:
3348:(12): e83015.
3324:
3305:(4): 627–645.
3285:
3266:(1): 131–137.
3228:
3216:
3204:
3161:
3111:
3064:
3052:
3043:Primate Report
3023:
3008:
2973:
2954:(2): 161–167.
2935:
2908:(4): 297–313.
2883:
2837:
2818:(3): 248–273.
2785:
2766:(4): 304–319.
2752:Sabater Pi, J.
2738:
2725:(4): 218–228.
2698:
2686:
2674:
2635:(12): e29117.
2612:
2560:
2533:(3): 177–184.
2508:
2476:
2464:
2449:
2437:
2425:
2396:(4): 528–544.
2372:
2365:
2338:
2336:, p. 114.
2326:
2274:
2262:
2255:
2230:
2213:
2152:
2094:
2082:
2041:
2029:
2017:
1963:
1909:
1897:
1890:
1870:
1858:
1846:
1829:
1812:
1805:
1787:
1760:
1737:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1668:protected area
1632:
1629:
1613:Colchester Zoo
1589:
1586:
1555:(known as the
1516:
1513:
1463:
1460:
1436:
1433:
1373:crowned eagles
1361:
1358:
1236:
1233:
1176:surrounded by
1117:
1114:
1091:Charles Darwin
1043:
1040:
1036:heterozygosity
973:
972:
968:
967:
964:
963:
959:
958:
955:
954:
950:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
937:
936:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
910:
905:
903:
900:
899:
896:
895:
886:
881:
879:
876:
875:
872:
871:
867:
866:
863:
862:
858:
857:
854:
853:
844:
841:
840:
837:
836:
827:
822:
820:
817:
816:
813:
812:
803:
798:
796:
791:
789:
781:
778:
777:
766:
765:
761:
760:
757:
756:
752:
751:
748:
747:
743:
742:
739:
738:
734:
733:
730:
729:
725:
724:
721:
720:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
694:
689:
687:
684:
683:
680:
679:
670:
665:
663:
660:
659:
656:
655:
651:
650:
647:
646:
637:
634:
633:
630:
629:
620:
615:
613:
608:
606:
603:
602:
599:
598:
589:
584:
582:
574:
571:
570:
564:
557:
556:
506:M. leucophaeus
493:was coined by
473:Conrad Gessner
462:
459:
447:Thomas Pennant
398:
395:
292:
291:
288:Linnaeus, 1758
280:
279:
273:
272:
268:
267:
259:
258:
247:
236:
235:
229:
228:
224:M. sphinx
221:
219:
215:
214:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
167:
163:
162:
157:
153:
152:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
109:
108:
95:
92:
91:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:
60:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5846:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5805:
5802:
5800:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5771:
5769:
5752:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5721:
5717:
5712:
5706:
5702:
5701:
5699:
5697:
5693:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5659:
5654:
5650:
5646:
5641:
5637:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5611:
5607:
5602:
5598:
5594:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5576:
5572:
5568:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5511:
5507:
5503:
5498:
5494:
5490:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5472:
5468:
5463:
5457:
5453:
5448:
5442:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5420:
5410:
5409:
5403:
5393:
5391:
5386:
5384:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5374:
5372:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5353:
5351:
5349:
5344:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5331:
5326:
5324:
5322:
5317:
5315:
5313:
5308:
5306:
5304:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5289:(White-eyelid
5284:
5283:
5278:
5272:
5270:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5258:Theropithecus
5254:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5205:
5203:
5201:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5171:
5169:
5164:
5163:
5161:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5147:
5145:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5131:
5130:
5128:
5118:
5117:
5112:
5106:
5104:
5103:M. leucogenys
5099:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5079:
5077:
5076:M. assamensis
5072:
5070:
5068:
5063:
5061:
5059:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5043:
5041:
5036:
5034:
5032:
5027:
5025:
5023:
5018:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5005:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4995:M. nigrescens
4991:
4989:
4987:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4973:
4971:
4969:
4964:
4962:
4960:
4955:
4953:
4951:
4946:
4944:
4942:
4937:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4923:M. nemestrina
4919:
4917:
4915:
4910:
4908:
4906:
4901:
4900:
4898:
4888:
4887:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4873:
4863:
4861:
4856:
4854:
4852:
4847:
4845:
4843:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4829:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4815:C. erythrotis
4811:
4809:
4807:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4788:C. petaurista
4784:
4782:
4780:
4775:
4773:
4771:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4732:Mona monkey (
4730:
4728:
4726:
4723:Blue monkey (
4721:
4719:
4717:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4681:
4680:
4679:Cercopithecus
4675:
4669:
4667:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4629:Allochrocebus
4625:
4619:
4617:
4612:
4610:
4608:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4576:
4574:
4572:
4567:
4565:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4524:
4522:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4512:E. baumstarki
4508:
4507:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4491:
4489:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4474:
4472:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4450:
4448:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4437:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4423:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4407:
4405:
4401:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4389:
4388:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4365:
4360:
4358:
4353:
4351:
4346:
4345:
4342:
4335:
4331:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4305:
4299:
4295:
4290:
4289:
4277:
4272:
4256:
4250:
4234:
4228:
4221:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4196:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4155:
4149:, p. 47.
4148:
4143:
4135:
4131:
4127:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4108:
4100:
4096:
4091:
4086:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4065:(2): e14610.
4064:
4060:
4056:
4049:
4042:
4037:
4031:, p. 36.
4030:
4025:
4019:, p. 19.
4018:
4013:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3962:
3955:
3950:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3915:
3908:
3899:
3894:
3890:
3886:
3882:
3875:
3869:, p. 91.
3868:
3863:
3855:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3820:
3812:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3786:
3782:
3778:
3776:
3767:
3760:
3755:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3716:
3709:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3614:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3563:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3535:
3531:
3527:
3520:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3477:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3438:
3436:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3383:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3337:
3328:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3281:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3252:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3225:
3220:
3214:, p. 70.
3213:
3208:
3200:
3196:
3192:
3188:
3184:
3180:
3176:
3172:
3165:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3061:
3056:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3030:
3028:
3021:, p. 71.
3020:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2977:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2940:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2888:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2844:
2842:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2695:
2690:
2684:, p. 18.
2683:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2642:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2619:
2617:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2564:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2486:
2480:
2473:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2454:
2447:, p. 17.
2446:
2441:
2434:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2385:
2376:
2368:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2335:
2330:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2283:
2281:
2279:
2272:, p. 23.
2271:
2266:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2247:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2228:, p. 16.
2227:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2209:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2167:
2165:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2101:
2099:
2092:, p. 11.
2091:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2039:, p. 10.
2038:
2033:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1986:(7): e69504.
1985:
1981:
1977:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1926:PLOS Genetics
1923:
1916:
1914:
1906:
1901:
1893:
1891:0-8018-8221-4
1887:
1883:
1882:
1874:
1867:
1862:
1855:
1850:
1842:
1841:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1802:
1798:
1791:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1672:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1656:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1637:IUCN Red List
1628:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1588:Communication
1585:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1499:
1497:
1492:
1485:
1480:
1476:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1441:
1432:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1421:enteroviruses
1418:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1311:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1252:
1248:
1246:
1242:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1223:, mangabeys,
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1205:
1200:
1199:
1198:Brillantaisia
1194:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1158:share habitat
1155:
1154:Ivindo Rivers
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1111:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1048:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
966:
965:
957:
956:
948:
947:
939:
938:
935:
934:
933:
926:
925:
922:
921:
918:
917:
916:
915:Theropithecus
909:
908:
902:
901:
898:
897:
894:
893:
892:
885:
884:
878:
877:
874:
873:
865:
864:
856:
855:
852:
851:
850:
843:
842:
839:
838:
835:
834:
833:
826:
825:
819:
818:
815:
814:
811:
810:
809:
802:
801:
795:
794:
788:
785:
784:
780:
779:
776:
772:
771:
759:
758:
750:
749:
741:
740:
732:
731:
723:
722:
719:
718:
717:
710:
709:
706:
705:
702:
701:
700:
693:
692:
686:
685:
682:
681:
678:
677:
676:
675:Theropithecus
669:
668:
662:
661:
658:
657:
649:
648:
645:
644:
643:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
626:
619:
618:
612:
611:
605:
604:
601:
600:
597:
596:
595:
588:
587:
581:
578:
577:
573:
572:
568:
567:
561:
558:Phylogeny of
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
526:of the genus
525:
521:
517:
516:Morphological
513:
512:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
491:
486:
482:
481:Carl Linnaeus
478:
474:
470:
469:
458:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
432:
420:
412:
408:
404:
394:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
367:IUCN Red List
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
330:
326:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:) is a large
305:
304:
299:
290:
286:
281:
278:
274:
269:
265:
260:
255:
251:
245:
243:
237:
234:
233:Binomial name
230:
226:
225:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
208:
205:
204:
201:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
184:
181:
178:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
164:
161:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
124:
119:
114:
110:
104:
98:
93:
87:
82:
71:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5696:Simia sphinx
5695:
5431:
5406:
5389:
5380:
5378:
5368:
5357:C. lunulatus
5356:
5347:
5339:C. galeritus
5338:
5329:
5320:
5312:C. torquatus
5311:
5302:
5280:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5235:
5226:
5218:P. hamadryas
5217:
5208:
5199:
5179:
5167:
5155:
5144:L. aterrimus
5143:
5134:
5114:
5102:
5093:
5085:M. thibetana
5084:
5075:
5066:
5057:
5048:
5039:
5030:
5022:M. arctoides
5021:
5012:
5003:
4994:
4985:
4976:
4967:
4958:
4949:
4940:
4931:
4922:
4913:
4904:
4884:
4859:
4851:C. neglectus
4850:
4841:
4832:
4823:
4814:
4805:
4796:
4787:
4778:
4769:
4760:
4751:
4743:C. campbelli
4742:
4733:
4724:
4716:C. nictitans
4715:
4706:
4697:
4677:
4665:
4656:
4647:
4627:
4616:C. cynosuros
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4570:
4561:
4541:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4501:Erythrocebus
4499:
4488:M. ogouensis
4487:
4478:
4458:
4446:
4434:
4320:
4293:
4271:
4259:. Retrieved
4249:
4237:. Retrieved
4227:
4215:
4203:
4168:
4164:
4154:
4142:
4117:
4113:
4107:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4036:
4024:
4012:
4000:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3949:
3924:
3920:
3907:
3888:
3884:
3874:
3862:
3829:
3825:
3819:
3784:
3780:
3774:
3766:
3754:
3732:(1): 25–50.
3729:
3725:
3721:
3715:
3703:
3670:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3588:
3584:
3578:
3570:
3533:
3529:
3519:
3486:
3482:
3476:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3409:
3405:
3401:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3327:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3263:
3259:
3250:
3219:
3207:
3177:(1): 53–55.
3174:
3170:
3164:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3081:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3055:
3046:
3042:
2989:(1): 21–28.
2986:
2982:
2976:
2951:
2947:
2905:
2901:
2853:
2849:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2722:
2718:
2689:
2677:
2632:
2628:
2580:
2576:
2563:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2489:
2479:
2467:
2440:
2428:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2375:
2356:
2329:
2299:(1): 75–85.
2296:
2292:
2288:
2265:
2245:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2155:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2085:
2058:
2054:
2044:
2032:
2020:
1983:
1979:
1929:
1925:
1900:
1880:
1873:
1868:, p. 3.
1861:
1849:
1839:
1832:
1822:
1815:
1796:
1790:
1778:. Retrieved
1772:
1763:
1754:
1749:Simia sphinx
1748:
1740:
1728:. Retrieved
1714:
1708:
1702:
1657:
1634:
1621:
1606:
1582:
1542:
1527:Dominant or
1526:
1500:
1488:
1465:
1449:
1429:astroviruses
1410:
1404:
1382:
1363:
1327:
1320:
1314:
1308:
1302:
1289:
1283:
1273:
1263:
1257:
1238:
1202:
1196:
1186:
1150:Sanaga River
1127:
1094:
1088:
1073:
1053:
1012:Ogooué River
1008:Cytochrome-b
1006:
1002:M. s. sphinx
1001:
998:Bioko Island
993:
989:
986:M. s. sphinx
985:
978:
930:
929:
913:
912:
889:
888:
847:
846:
830:
829:
806:
805:
714:
713:
697:
696:
673:
672:
640:
639:
623:
622:
592:
591:
559:
551:
542:as separate
539:
535:
531:
527:
509:
505:
499:
488:
485:Simia sphinx
484:
466:
464:
454:
450:
410:
406:
402:
400:
393:is limited.
360:
337:
322:
302:
301:
297:
295:
285:Simia sphinx
284:
283:
241:
239:
223:
222:
210:
186:Infraorder:
36:
5536:iNaturalist
5456:Wikispecies
5157:Rungwecebus
5135:L. albigena
5040:M. cyclopis
4977:M. tonkeana
4968:M. ochreata
4941:M. pagensis
4905:M. sylvanus
4833:C. ascanius
4806:C. sclateri
4761:C. pogonias
4614:Malbrouck (
4598:C. tantalus
4580:C. aethiops
4543:Chlorocebus
4479:M. talapoin
4467:(Talapoins)
4460:Miopithecus
4377:(subfamily
4286:Works cited
4276:Dixson 2015
4235:. CITES.org
4220:Dixson 2015
4208:Dixson 2015
4147:Dixson 2015
4041:Dixson 2015
4029:Dixson 2015
4017:Dixson 2015
4005:Dixson 2015
3954:Dixson 2015
3867:Dixson 2015
3759:Dixson 2015
3708:Dixson 2015
3673:(1): 9–25.
3553:2436/601458
3224:Dixson 2015
3212:Dixson 2015
3060:Dixson 2015
3019:Dixson 2015
2856:(1): 1–24.
2694:Dixson 2015
2682:Dixson 2015
2495:John Murray
2472:Dixson 2015
2460:Dixson 2015
2445:Dixson 2015
2433:Dixson 2015
2334:Dixson 2015
2270:Dixson 2015
2226:Dixson 2015
2176:(1): 2431.
2090:Dixson 2015
2037:Dixson 2015
2025:Dixson 2015
1905:Dixson 2015
1866:Dixson 2015
1854:Dixson 2015
1730:19 November
1609:raised hair
1504:territorial
1491:matrilineal
1456:using tools
1378:Alarm calls
1354:bay duikers
1132:, mainland
1028:genome size
1016:haplogroups
453:(1771) and
439:chimpanzees
346:. They are
190:Simiiformes
5809:Mandrillus
5768:Categories
5379:Mandrill (
5370:Mandrillus
5291:mangabeys)
5282:Cercocebus
5236:P. ursinus
5168:R. kipunji
5116:Lophocebus
5094:M. munzala
5067:M. radiata
5049:M. fuscata
5031:M. mulatta
4932:M. leonina
4914:M. silenus
4893:(Macaques)
4842:C. hamlyni
4707:C. roloway
4666:A. solatus
4657:A. preussi
4648:A. lhoesti
4571:C. sabaeus
4416:Haplorhini
4414:Suborder:
3626:: 104240.
3280:1893/21013
3126:) group".
3084:: 104659.
2485:Darwin, C.
1769:"Mandrill"
1675:References
1641:vulnerable
1615:, England
1561:copulating
1538:suppressed
1529:alpha male
1472:home range
1417:deer flies
1406:Plasmodium
1300:arrowroots
1204:Phaulopsis
982:subspecies
891:Lophocebus
849:Cercocebus
832:Mandrillus
716:Lophocebus
642:Cercocebus
625:Mandrillus
560:Mandrillus
552:Mandrillus
540:Cercocebus
536:Mandrillus
532:Cercocebus
528:Cercocebus
490:Mandrillus
363:vulnerable
356:bay duiker
324:Mandrillus
211:Mandrillus
180:Haplorhini
176:Suborder:
99:Appendix I
81:Vulnerable
5711:Q41167992
5381:M. sphinx
5348:C. sanjei
5321:C. agilis
5269:T. gelada
5245:P. kindae
5200:P. anubis
5188:(Baboons)
5166:Kipunji (
5058:M. sinica
4950:M. siberu
4876:Papionini
4824:C. cephus
4390:Kingdom:
4317:ARKive –
3978:: 51–68.
3648:221501684
3106:227236595
2420:219539657
2061:: 65–73.
1545:ovulation
1403:-causing
1393:Tumbu fly
1385:nematodes
1350:scorpions
1322:Aframomum
1217:talapoins
1093:wrote in
787:Papionini
773:Based on
580:Papionini
497:in 1824.
401:The word
397:Etymology
218:Species:
136:Kingdom:
130:Eukaryota
42:Mandrill
18:Mandrills
5705:Wikidata
5666:Species+
5606:12100576
5554:10900014
5441:Wikidata
5408:Category
5267:Gelada (
5227:P. papio
5004:M. nigra
4986:M. hecki
4959:M. maura
4858:Lesula (
4779:C. denti
4770:C. wolfi
4752:C. lowei
4725:C. mitis
4698:C. diana
4578:Grivet (
4562:C. dryas
4521:E. patas
4410:Primates
4404:Mammalia
4398:Chordata
4396:Phylum:
4392:Animalia
4330:Archived
4261:28 April
4195:26139329
4171:: 7609.
4114:Primates
4099:21311591
4059:PLOS ONE
3992:25158600
3854:25612927
3846:23526642
3811:16928644
3726:Ethology
3695:25762754
3687:11793410
3640:32905823
3562:26708734
3511:40486302
3503:16534806
3468:11424076
3426:11471133
3382:24340074
3342:PLOS ONE
3319:44740032
3199:38857295
3191:21740959
3156:38327403
3148:26235675
3098:33249166
3049:: 11–18.
2968:20928597
2948:Primates
2930:85028393
2922:31918520
2878:37902903
2832:12216632
2812:Primates
2669:22216180
2629:PLOS ONE
2599:15143148
2547:11300708
2503:39301709
2487:(1871).
2412:32510604
2321:18472142
2208:32051450
2147:11511844
2139:12803651
2077:86461982
2012:23874967
1980:PLOS ONE
1958:21436896
1780:15 April
1649:bushmeat
1617:facepalm
1570:perineum
1389:protozoa
1365:Leopards
1338:crickets
1334:termites
1282:species
1278:and the
1272:species
1262:species
1241:omnivore
1229:gorillas
1213:arboreal
1138:Río Muni
1130:Cameroon
1105:collagen
1084:whiskers
1030:of 2.90
461:Taxonomy
457:(1781).
403:mandrill
383:Cameroon
375:bushmeat
344:savannas
298:mandrill
277:Synonyms
250:Linnaeus
196:Family:
170:Primates
160:Mammalia
150:Chordata
146:Phylum:
140:Animalia
126:Domain:
86:IUCN 3.1
5746:ZooBank
5725:6142046
5593:1000627
5528:5219556
5447:Q189868
5388:Drill (
5303:C. atys
4734:C. mona
4408:Order:
4402:Class:
4173:Bibcode
4134:1507136
4090:3032724
4067:Bibcode
3941:3082991
3802:1636084
3734:Bibcode
3605:2899244
3373:3858359
3350:Bibcode
2991:Bibcode
2870:9108968
2780:4624917
2660:3244440
2637:Bibcode
2607:8268610
2555:7560147
2301:Bibcode
2199:7016171
2178:Bibcode
2119:Bibcode
2003:3713065
1949:3060065
1452:diurnal
1412:Loa loa
1401:malaria
1342:spiders
1296:monocot
1235:Feeding
1221:guenons
1193:gingers
1178:savanna
1116:Ecology
1110:melanin
365:on the
329:baboons
206:Genus:
166:Order:
156:Class:
101: (
84: (
5738:909464
5658:232550
5645:741047
5567:573031
5515:310920
4886:Macaca
4300:
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1946:
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1565:estrus
1348:, and
1346:snails
1270:coffee
1268:, the
1260:cashew
1209:canopy
1080:banded
1061:monkey
1024:genome
808:Macaca
594:Macaca
419:baboon
5632:84564
5580:12754
5549:IRMNG
5541:43533
5502:3XTLH
5489:53165
5181:Papio
4239:1 May
4130:S2CID
3988:S2CID
3937:S2CID
3917:(PDF)
3850:S2CID
3691:S2CID
3644:S2CID
3601:S2CID
3507:S2CID
3315:S2CID
3256:(PDF)
3195:S2CID
3152:S2CID
3102:S2CID
3039:(PDF)
2964:S2CID
2926:S2CID
2874:S2CID
2828:S2CID
2603:S2CID
2573:(PDF)
2551:S2CID
2416:S2CID
2143:S2CID
2073:S2CID
1660:CITES
1508:groom
1397:ticks
1191:like
1168:over
1142:Gabon
932:Papio
699:Papio
548:split
511:Papio
502:drill
477:hyena
411:drill
379:Gabon
352:piths
320:genus
316:drill
103:CITES
97:CITES
5720:GBIF
5684:9949
5671:7079
5619:9561
5614:NCBI
5575:IUCN
5562:ITIS
5523:GBIF
5484:BOLD
4298:ISBN
4263:2022
4241:2022
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2543:PMID
2499:OCLC
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1427:and
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5588:MDD
5510:EoL
5497:CoL
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4122:doi
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