129:
612:
105:
367:
A broad range of feeding habits is found in murids, ranging from herbivorous and omnivorous species to specialists that consume strictly earthworms, certain species of fungi, or aquatic insects. Most genera consume plant matter and small invertebrates, often storing seeds and other plant matter for
384:
Some murids are highly social, while others are solitary. Females commonly produce several litters annually. In warm regions, breeding may occur year-round. Though the lifespans of most genera are generally less than two years, murids have high reproductive potential and their populations tend to
342:
Murids are found nearly everywhere in the world, though many subfamilies have narrower ranges. Murids are not found in
Antarctica or many oceanic islands. Although none of them are native to the Americas, a few species, notably the house mouse and black rat, have been introduced worldwide. Murids
474:
Murids breed frequently, often producing large litters several times per year. They typically give birth between twenty and forty days after mating, although this varies greatly between species. The young are typically born blind, hairless, and helpless, although exceptions occur, such as in
632:, a rat-catcher lures the town's rats into the river, but the mayor refuses to pay him. In revenge, the rat-catcher lures away all the children of the town, never to return. Mice feature in some of
413:
tails to improve their climbing ability, and yet others have neither adaptation. They are most commonly some shade of brown in color, although many have black, grey, or white markings.
376:
is present. Murids lack canines and premolars. Generally, three molars (though sometimes only one or two) are found, and the nature of the molars varies by genus and feeding habit.
409:, but with wide variation in these broad traits. Some murids have elongated legs and feet to allow them to move with a hopping motion, while others have broad feet and
717:"Fossils know it best: using a new set of fossil calibrations to improve the temporal phylogenetic framework of murid rodents (Rodentia: Myomorpha: Muroidea: Muridae)"
272:
2227:
1092:
Steppan, S. J. & Schenk, J. J. Muroid rodent phylogenetics: 900-Species tree reveals increasing diversification rates. PLoS One 12, e0183070 (2017)
298:, containing approximately 870 species, including many species of mice, rats, and gerbils found naturally throughout Eurasia, Africa, and Australia.
2055:
507:, and have only subsequently produced species capable of surviving in cooler climates. They have become especially common worldwide during the
2107:
987:
385:
increase rapidly and then drastically decline when food resources have been exhausted. This is often seen in a three- to four-year cycle.
2222:
2029:
936:
2068:
1083:
Burgin, C. J., Colella, J. P., Kahn, P. L. & Upham, N. S. How many species of mammals are there? J. Mammal. 99, 1–14 (2018)
2086:
1113:
944:
2073:
1255:
844:
1776:
1291:
1138:
920:
890:
854:
1246:
2179:
2008:
2112:
2021:
992:
937:"Phylogeny of muroid rodents: relationships within and among major lineages as determined by IRBP gene sequences"
1043:"Phylogeny and divergence-date estimates of rapid radiations in muroid rodents based on multiple nuclear genes"
405:. They typically have slender bodies with scaled tails longer than the body, and pointed snouts with prominent
402:
2094:
650:
716:
715:
Aghova, Tatiana; Kimura, Yuri; Bryja, Josef; Dobigny, Gauthier; Granjon, Laurent; Kergoat, Gael J. (2017).
2081:
1951:
1938:
1250:
644:
205:
1956:
795:
2161:
2184:
2122:
1160:
763:
128:
2217:
656:
638:
2212:
698:, (1974), a vagrant is attacked and eaten alive by a pack of giant rats; further attacks follow.
1027:
912:
906:
882:
875:
2148:
1878:
1238:
684:
1198:
1042:
2143:
2060:
1769:
1284:
750:
624:
2171:
2135:
1977:
1925:
678:
393:
The murids are small mammals, typically around 10 cm (3.9 in) long excluding the
359:. The extensive list of niches filled by murids helps to explain their relative abundance.
1006:
988:"Evolutionary history of the most speciose mammals: molecular phylogeny of muroid rodents"
8:
1668:
1615:
398:
448:. They consume a wide range of foods depending on the species, with the aid of powerful
1754:
1509:
1148:
1050:
969:
731:
356:
123:
2130:
1964:
1916:
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1232:
1134:
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1011:
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886:
850:
673:
616:
1269:
735:
2207:
1969:
1822:
1762:
1337:
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1175:
1059:
1001:
953:
723:
694:
661:
778:
1546:
1363:
417:
2099:
1930:
1103:
957:
2016:
2003:
1943:
1732:
1583:
1264:
819:
633:
629:
1063:
2201:
1740:
1692:
1392:
1015:
689:
622:
Murids feature in literature, including folk tales and fairy stories. In the
571:
259:
228:
62:
1901:
1724:
1440:
1347:
1071:
1023:
965:
820:"Muridae (Old World mice and rats, gerbils, whistling rats, and relatives)"
581:
369:
254:
466:
463:
2042:
1910:
1851:
1658:
1607:
665:
561:
437:
352:
330:
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112:
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37:
30:
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belong to the family, with the more typical mice belonging to the genus
1856:
1716:
1700:
1640:
1625:
1525:
1517:
1501:
1425:
1415:
1408:
986:
Michaux, Johan; Reyes, Aurelio; Catzeflis, François (1 November 2001),
628:, retold in many versions since the 14th century, including one by the
575:
410:
214:
82:
47:
318:
2047:
1990:
1861:
1846:
1708:
1570:
1562:
1476:
1469:
1453:
585:
565:
555:
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488:
457:
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344:
343:
occupy a broad range of ecosystems from tropical forests to tundras.
244:
140:
87:
2034:
1872:
1995:
1895:
1816:
1804:
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1648:
1486:
1379:
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1319:
727:
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453:
449:
433:
406:
373:
348:
190:
160:
77:
72:
57:
52:
42:
308:
1847:
Deomyinae (spiny mice, brush furred mice, link rat, Rudd's mouse)
1841:
1632:
1231:
611:
591:
532:
504:
496:
291:
264:
92:
67:
397:, but ranging from 4.5 to 8 cm (1.8 to 3.1 in) in the
1828:
1810:
1798:
1432:
1325:
1313:
1301:
492:
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441:
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295:
180:
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1982:
1599:
790:
788:
669:
528:
445:
302:
615:
A print showing cats and mice from a 1501 German edition of
1684:
904:
500:
394:
785:
1382:(Squirrels, chipmunks, marmots, susliks and prairie dogs)
595:
1784:
714:
444:
conditions and can survive for a long time with minimal
1041:
Steppan, Scott; Adkins, Ronald; Anderson, Joel (2004),
873:
Berry, R. J.; Årgren, G. (1984), Macdonald, D. (ed.),
872:
1299:
1040:
985:
290:, are either the largest or second-largest family of
269:
874:
1504:(Zokors, bamboo rats, mole rats, blind mole rats)
1173:
1128:
2199:
1226:
1101:
372:jaws (an ancestral character in rodents) and a
1196:
1770:
1285:
776:
424:. They live in a wide range of habitats from
935:Jansa, Sharon. A.; Weksler, Marcelo (2004),
934:
436:ranges. A number of species, especially the
337:
316:
306:
1777:
1763:
1292:
1278:
416:Murids generally have excellent senses of
103:
2228:Taxa named by Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger
1005:
558:(spiny mice, brush furred mice, link rat)
664:as perhaps the nearest to his idea of a
610:
491:of the murids is not well known, as few
2200:
1479:(Jerboas, jumping mice and birch mice)
908:Mammal Evolution: an Illustrated Guide
905:Savage, R. J. G.; Long, M. R. (1986),
487:As with many other small mammals, the
1877:
1876:
1758:
1443:(Kangaroo rats and mice, pocket mice)
1273:
1108:. Greenwood. pp. 71 and passim.
1007:10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a003743
945:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
868:
866:
842:
362:
355:murid species occur, though most are
2162:C32887CB-FF85-BA76-FF3D-F95CFED1EDB8
2123:24579df1-3da7-4686-b730-4e4885187b9f
2022:15ffd7d7-9d28-466c-8ee4-cbc450cc1ce9
898:
881:, New York: Facts on File, pp.
660:(1903), which last was described by
495:survive. They probably evolved from
911:, New York: Facts on File, p.
13:
863:
523:The murids are classified in five
401:to 50 cm (20 in) in the
388:
14:
2239:
1842:Murinae (Old World rats and mice)
1220:
518:
511:, as a result of hitching a ride
2223:Extant Miocene first appearances
1256:"Walker's Mammals of the World."
1197:Holland, Steve (21 March 2013).
606:
368:winter consumption. Murids have
301:The name Muridae comes from the
127:
35:
1190:
1167:
1122:
1095:
1086:
1077:
1034:
993:Molecular Biology and Evolution
843:Nowak, Ronald M. (1999-04-07).
456:that grow throughout life. The
379:
979:
928:
836:
812:
770:
708:
538:
403:northern Luzon giant cloud rat
324:), meaning "mouse", since all
1:
1785:Extant subfamilies of family
1520:(Malagasy rats and relatives)
1133:. HarperCollins. p. 16.
846:Walker's Mammals of the World
796:"ADW: Subfamilies of Muridae"
701:
651:The Tale of Johnny Town-Mouse
1719:(Spiny rats, coypus, hutias)
482:
7:
1743:(Chinchillas and viscachas)
1536:(House mouse and relatives)
1251:Mammal Species of the World
958:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.07.002
877:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
645:The Tale of Mrs Tittlemouse
10:
2244:
1857:Leimacomyinae (Togo mouse)
1661:(New World hystricognaths)
1174:Gibbs, Laura (2002–2008).
1129:Tolkien, J. R. R. (2001).
1105:The Pied Piper: A Handbook
636:'s small books, including
499:-like animals in tropical
1885:
1837:
1793:
1582:
1545:
1452:
1391:
1346:
1308:
1300:Extant families in order
1265:ADW: Muridae: INFORMATION
1102:Mieder, Wolfgang (2007).
1064:10.1080/10635150490468701
241:
236:
220:
213:
124:Scientific classification
122:
111:
102:
23:
1862:Lophiomyinae (maned rat)
1528:(Hamsters and relatives)
1199:"James Herbert obituary"
668:, the rest being "beast-
657:The Tailor of Gloucester
639:The Tale of Two Bad Mice
509:current geological epoch
338:Distribution and habitat
515:with human migrations.
503:some time in the early
1695:(Agoutis and acouchis)
1671:(New World porcupines)
1618:(Old World porcupines)
1239:Encyclopedia Americana
777:Basic Biology (2015).
758:Cite journal requires
685:The Frog and the Mouse
619:
568:, jirds and sand rats)
317:
307:
2144:Paleobiology Database
1852:Gerbillinae (gerbils)
1727:(Degus and relatives)
1512:(Mouse-like hamsters)
883:658–663 & 674–677
625:Pied Piper of Hamelin
614:
273:Pseudocricetodontinae
2017:Fauna Europaea (new)
824:Animal Diversity Web
679:The Cat and the Mice
598:and mice, including
1030:on 27 November 2005
800:animaldiversity.org
399:African pygmy mouse
357:terrestrial animals
1610:(Laotian rock rat)
1590:("Porcupine-like")
1553:("Anomalure-like")
1496:(Oriental dormice)
1494:Platacanthomyidae
1178:. MythFolklore.net
1051:Systematic Biology
620:
363:Diet and dentition
2195:
2194:
2131:Open Tree of Life
1879:Taxon identifiers
1870:
1869:
1752:
1751:
1744:
1736:
1735:(Chinchilla rats)
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1688:
1680:
1672:
1662:
1652:
1644:
1636:
1619:
1611:
1603:
1593:
1574:
1566:
1556:
1537:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1505:
1497:
1480:
1463:
1444:
1436:
1419:
1402:
1383:
1375:
1367:
1366:(Mountain beaver)
1357:
1354:("Squirrel-like")
1115:978-0-313-33464-1
1000:(11): 2017–2031,
440:, are adapted to
280:
279:
209:
16:Family of rodents
2235:
2188:
2187:
2175:
2174:
2165:
2164:
2152:
2151:
2139:
2138:
2126:
2125:
2116:
2115:
2103:
2102:
2100:NHMSYS0000376183
2090:
2089:
2077:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2051:
2050:
2038:
2037:
2025:
2024:
2012:
2011:
1999:
1998:
1986:
1985:
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1972:
1960:
1959:
1947:
1946:
1934:
1933:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1874:
1873:
1823:Euarchontoglires
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1742:
1734:
1726:
1718:
1710:
1702:
1694:
1686:
1678:
1670:
1660:
1650:
1642:
1634:
1617:
1609:
1601:
1600:Ctenodactylidae
1592:
1591:
1587:
1572:
1564:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1535:
1527:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1495:
1478:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1442:
1435:(Pocket gophers)
1434:
1417:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1381:
1373:
1365:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1338:Euarchontoglires
1294:
1287:
1280:
1271:
1270:
1243:
1235:
1228:Ernest Ingersoll
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1158:
1154:
1152:
1144:
1131:On Fairy-Stories
1126:
1120:
1119:
1099:
1093:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1047:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1026:, archived from
1009:
983:
977:
976:
974:
968:, archived from
941:
932:
926:
925:
902:
896:
895:
880:
870:
861:
860:
840:
834:
833:
831:
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792:
783:
782:
774:
768:
767:
761:
756:
754:
746:
744:
742:
721:
712:
692:'s first novel,
662:J. R. R. Tolkien
551:
550:
546:
531:, and about 834
470:
469:
468:
465:
322:
312:
271:
204:
132:
131:
107:
97:
34:
27:Temporal range:
21:
20:
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2238:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2218:Rodent families
2198:
2197:
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2183:
2178:
2170:
2168:
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2155:
2147:
2142:
2134:
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2072:
2067:
2059:
2054:
2046:
2041:
2033:
2028:
2020:
2015:
2007:
2002:
1994:
1989:
1981:
1976:
1968:
1963:
1955:
1950:
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1937:
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1914:
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1900:
1899:
1894:
1881:
1871:
1866:
1833:
1789:
1783:
1753:
1748:
1669:Erethizontidae
1589:
1588:
1586:
1578:
1552:
1551:
1549:
1547:Anomaluromorpha
1541:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1448:
1399:("Beaver-like")
1398:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1342:
1304:
1298:
1261:. 08 Nov. 2015.
1223:
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588:or crested rat)
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541:
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391:
389:Characteristics
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365:
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29:
28:
25:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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2215:
2213:Muroid rodents
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2189:
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2153:
2140:
2127:
2117:
2104:
2091:
2078:
2065:
2052:
2039:
2026:
2013:
2004:Fauna Europaea
2000:
1987:
1974:
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1750:
1749:
1747:
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1741:Chinchillidae
1738:
1730:
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1714:
1706:
1698:
1693:Dasyproctidae
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1664:
1655:
1654:
1649:Thryonomyidae
1646:
1638:
1630:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1613:
1605:
1596:
1594:
1584:Hystricomorpha
1580:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1539:
1531:
1523:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1491:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1464:
1460:("Mouse-like")
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1430:
1428:
1422:
1421:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1403:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1369:
1364:Aplodontiidae
1360:
1358:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1305:
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1222:
1221:External links
1219:
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1215:
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1166:
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1121:
1114:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1058:(4): 533–553,
1033:
978:
952:(1): 256–276,
927:
921:
897:
891:
862:
855:
835:
811:
784:
769:
760:|journal=
728:10.1101/180398
706:
705:
703:
700:
674:Aesop's Fables
634:Beatrix Potter
630:Brothers Grimm
617:Aesop's fables
608:
605:
604:
603:
589:
579:
569:
559:
540:
537:
520:
519:Classification
517:
484:
481:
458:dental formula
390:
387:
381:
378:
370:sciurognathous
364:
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336:
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1725:Octodontidae
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1641:Petromuridae
1639:
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1633:Bathyergidae
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1573:(Springhares)
1569:
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1510:Calomyscidae
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1441:Heteromyidae
1439:
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1412:
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1407:
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1393:Castorimorpha
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1234:
1233:"Mouse"
1229:
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975:on 2008-12-17
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892:0-87196-871-1
888:
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856:9780801857898
852:
849:. JHU Press.
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613:
607:In literature
601:
597:
593:
590:
587:
583:
580:
577:
573:
572:Leimacomyinae
570:
567:
563:
560:
557:
554:
553:
547:
536:
534:
530:
527:, around 150
526:
516:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
480:
478:
472:
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459:
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260:Leimacomyinae
258:
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69:
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59:
54:
49:
44:
39:
32:
31:Early Miocene
22:
19:
1886:
1821:Superorder:
1815:Infraclass:
1786:
1733:Abrocomidae
1711:(Tuco-tucos)
1709:Ctenomyidae
1685:Cuniculidae
1659:Caviomorpha
1643:(Dassie rat)
1616:Hystricidae
1608:Diatomyidae
1565:(Anomalures)
1533:
1348:Sciuromorpha
1336:Superorder:
1330:Infraclass:
1259:Google Books
1258:
1237:
1206:. Retrieved
1203:The Guardian
1202:
1192:
1180:. Retrieved
1169:
1130:
1124:
1104:
1097:
1088:
1079:
1055:
1049:
1036:
1028:the original
997:
991:
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900:
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845:
838:
827:. Retrieved
823:
814:
803:. Retrieved
799:
772:
751:cite journal
739:. Retrieved
710:
693:
683:
677:
655:
654:(1918), and
649:
643:
637:
623:
621:
582:Lophiomyinae
522:
486:
473:
452:and gnawing
415:
392:
383:
380:Reproduction
366:
341:
329:
325:
315:
305:
300:
287:
283:
281:
255:Lophiomyinae
237:Subfamilies
221:
200:
117:Mus musculus
116:
18:
2043:iNaturalist
1911:Wikispecies
1717:Echimyidae
1701:Dinomyidae
1651:(Cane rats)
1526:Cricetidae
1518:Nesomyidae
1502:Spalacidae
1416:Castoridae
1409:Castoroidea
1157:|work=
666:fairy story
594:(Old World
562:Gerbillinae
539:Subfamilies
525:subfamilies
513:commensally
450:jaw muscles
353:semiaquatic
250:Gerbillinae
113:House mouse
2202:Categories
1703:(Pacarana)
1635:(Blesmols)
1626:Phiomorpha
1571:Pedetidae
1477:Dipodidae
1470:Dipodoidea
1433:Geomyidae
1426:Geomyoidea
1380:Sciuridae
1176:"Aesopica"
829:2015-11-08
805:2015-11-08
702:References
576:Togo mouse
477:spiny mice
411:prehensile
314:(genitive
215:Type genus
1797:Kingdom:
1677:Caviidae
1454:Myomorpha
1418:(Beavers)
1374:(Dormice)
1372:Gliridae
1312:Kingdom:
1159:ignored (
1149:cite book
1016:0737-4038
779:"Rodents"
741:29 August
672:". Among
600:vlei rats
586:maned rat
556:Deomyinae
489:evolution
483:Evolution
467:1.0.0.1-3
464:1.0.0.1-3
430:grassland
345:Fossorial
326:true mice
245:Deomyinae
147:Kingdom:
141:Eukaryota
2087:13000995
1896:Wikidata
1829:Rodentia
1817:Eutheria
1811:Mammalia
1805:Chordata
1803:Phylum:
1799:Animalia
1679:(Cavies)
1602:(Gundis)
1534:Muridae
1487:Muroidea
1332:Eutheria
1326:Mammalia
1320:Chordata
1318:Phylum:
1314:Animalia
1302:Rodentia
1230:(1920).
1072:15371245
1024:11606698
966:15019624
736:38794026
695:The Rats
648:(1910),
642:(1904),
454:incisors
434:mountain
407:whiskers
374:diastema
349:arboreal
229:Linnaeus
197:Family:
191:Muroidea
181:Rodentia
171:Mammalia
161:Chordata
157:Phylum:
151:Animalia
137:Domain:
33:– Recent
2208:Muridae
1944:Muridae
1931:Muridae
1917:Muridae
1887:Muridae
1827:Order:
1809:Class:
1787:Muridae
1687:(Pacas)
1324:Class:
1247:Muridae
1208:21 June
1182:21 June
592:Murinae
566:gerbils
533:species
505:Miocene
497:hamster
493:fossils
438:gerbils
418:hearing
296:mammals
294:and of
292:rodents
284:Muridae
265:Murinae
206:Illiger
201:Muridae
177:Order:
167:Class:
24:Muridae
2185:404080
2172:107691
2169:uBio:
2136:816256
2120:NZOR:
2074:180360
2061:104630
1996:1MURIF
1902:Q25916
1137:
1112:
1070:
1022:
1014:
964:
919:
889:
853:
734:
722:: 16.
670:fables
543:": -->
529:genera
442:desert
432:, and
426:forest
351:, and
288:murids
231:, 1758
208:, 1811
2180:WoRMS
2157:Plazi
2149:41892
2113:10066
2056:IRMNG
2048:44185
2009:12653
1970:624PH
1046:(PDF)
973:(PDF)
940:(PDF)
732:S2CID
720:(PDF)
688:. In
446:water
422:smell
319:muris
303:Latin
286:, or
2108:NCBI
2069:ITIS
2035:5510
2030:GBIF
1991:EPPO
1983:8698
1957:1020
1952:BOLD
1210:2014
1184:2014
1161:help
1135:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1068:PMID
1020:PMID
1012:ISSN
962:PMID
917:ISBN
887:ISBN
851:ISBN
764:help
743:2018
682:and
676:are
596:rats
545:edit
501:Asia
420:and
395:tail
282:The
38:PreꞒ
2095:NBN
2082:MSW
1978:EoL
1965:CoL
1939:AFD
1926:ADW
1249:at
1060:doi
1002:doi
954:doi
913:124
724:doi
428:to
331:Mus
309:mus
223:Mus
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2182::
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2146::
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2006::
1993::
1980::
1967::
1954::
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1151:}}
1147:{{
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270:†
93:N
83:K
78:J
73:T
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48:O
43:Ꞓ
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