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stone. Although few ancient Yaksha statues remain in good condition, the vigor of the style has been applauded, and expresses essentially Indian qualities. They are often pot-bellied, two-armed and fierce-looking. The Yashas are often depicted with weapons or attributes, such as the Yaksha
Mudgarpani.
144:
are the
Yakshas, monumental sculptures of earth divinities that have been dated to the 2nd-1st century BCE. Yakshas became the focus of the creation of colossal cultic images, typically around 2 meters or more in height, which are considered as probably the first Indian anthropomorphic productions in
131:
or
Mudgarpani. The Yakshas are a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious, connected with water, fertility, trees, the forest, treasure and wilderness, and were the object of popular worship. Many of them were later incorporated into Buddhism, Jainism
228:, the hem of the dress in the monumental early Yaksha statues is derived from Greek art. Describing the drapery of one of these statues, John Boardman writes: "It has no local antecedents and looks most like a Greek Late Archaic mannerism", and suggests it is possibly derived from the
268:
tell the story of a man named
Ajjunaka who was worshipping the image of the "Yaksa who held a mace", when he was attacked by five bandits, an event which shaked is devotion to the Yashka. Afterwards the Yaksa possessed Ajjunaka, giving him the strength to kill the five bandits.
189:
737:"The folk art typifies an older plastic tradition in clay and wood which was now put in stone, as seen in the massive Yaksha statuary which are also of exceptional value as models of subsequent divine images and human figures." in
276:, one or two wooden gada ("mudgar"), reaching up to 70 kilograms in weight, can be used: they can be swung behind the back in several different ways; this is particularly useful for building grip strength and shoulder endurance.
791:"With respect to large-scale iconic statuary carved in the round (...) the region of Mathura not only rivaled other areas but surpassed them in overall quality and quantity throughout the second and early first century BCE." in
251:
In the production of colossal Yaksha statues carved in the round, which can be found in several locations in northern India, the art of
Mathura is considered as the most advanced in quality and quantity during this period.
208:
It is often suggested that the style of the colossal Yaksha statuary had an important influence on the creation of later divine images and human figures in India. The female equivalent of the
Yakshas were the
213:, often associated with trees and children, and whose voluptuous figures became omnipresent in Indian art. A relief is also known from the Mathura Museum, which shown the Mudgarpani with the same attributes.
170:
on the base of the statue is in very bad condition, but has been partly deciphered. Some parallels with the contemporary
Agnipani statue, probably dedicated by the same person, also helped interpretation:
299:
192:
also shows a similar
Mudgarpani, dated to the same period, but with clearer attributes: especially the figure of a small standing devotee or child joining hands in prayer is much more visible.
51:, 100 BCE. This colossal statue in the round is 1.96 meters tall. The right hand holds a mudgar, the left hand used to support a small standing devotee or child joining hands in prayer.
755:"We have no way of knowing whether there was any direct association between the cult of the Yashas and Dionysos during the Indo-Greek era, but this is a distinct possibility" in
61:
847:
323:
311:
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157:, is dated to circa 100 BCE. It was discovered in Bharana Kalan, 32 kilometers northwest of Mathura. In the right hand he holds a
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seem to have been the object of an important cult in the early periods of Indian history, many of them being known such as
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mace, and in the left hand he used to hold the figure of a small standing devotee or child joining hands in prayer.
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being an ancient form of heavy club, usually made of wood, but it can also be made of iron.
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742:
Indian Art: A history of Indian art from the earliest times up to the third century A. D
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Relief of a similar
Mudgarpani Yaksha holding mudgar and child or small worshipper in
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Ratna-chandrikā: Panorama of
Oriental Studies : Shri R.C. Agrawala Festschrift
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A statue of Mudgarpani ("Mace-holder") Yaksha from Bharana Kalan, visible in the
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
405:
History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
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History of Early Stone Sculpture at Mathura: Ca. 150 BCE - 100 CE
241:
240:, the cult of the Yakshas may also have been associated with the
120:
44:
1051:
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The Greek Experience of India: From Alexander to the Indo-Greeks
820:
Kasulis, Thomas P.; Aimes, Roger T.; Dissanayake, Wimal (1993).
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influence, such as the geometrical folds of the drapery or the
210:
159:
124:
108:
103:
40:
757:
Carter, Martha L. (1968). "Dionysiac Aspects of Kushān Art".
514:
The Religions of India: A Concise Guide to Nine Major Faiths
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deity in ancient India. His name means "Mudgar-holder", the
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stance of the statues, has been suggested. According to
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462:. Trustees of the Victoria Memorial. 1973. p. 49.
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Mudgarpani ("Mace-holder") Yaksha from Bharana Kalan
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542:. New Delhi: Pearson Education. p. 430.
540:A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India
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878:. Princeton University Press. p. 439.
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710:
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630:. Princeton University Press. p. 112.
628:The Diffusion of Classical Art in Antiquity
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401:
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272:Nowadays, for training purposes when using
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473:Handa, Devendra; Agrawal, Ashvini (1989).
823:Self as Body in Asian Theory and Practice
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517:. Penguin Books India. pp. 397–398.
140:Some of the earliest works of art of the
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591:The Splendour of Mathurā Art and Museum
479:. Harman Publishing House. p. 90.
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236:where this design is known. Under the
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204:Detail of the "Hellenistic" drapery.
739:Agrawala, Vasudeva Sharana (1965).
341:Mudgarpani pedestal inscription in
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317:Portrait of the Mudgarpani Yaksha.
14:
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745:. Prithivi Prakashan. p. 84.
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459:Bulletin of the Victoria Memorial
43:from Bharana Kalan, northwest of
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793:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
711:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
684:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
654:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
436:. BRILL. p. Fig.85, p.365.
430:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
408:. BRILL. p. Fig.85, p.365.
402:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
367:Quintanilla, Sonya Rhie (2007).
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594:. D.K. Printworld. p. 76.
588:Sharma, Ramesh Chandra (1994).
373:. BRILL. p. 368, Fig. 88.
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329:Detail of the "Herakles" knot.
293:Mudgarpani Yaksha (rear view).
1:
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190:relief in the Mathura Museum
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1077:Buddha statue of Vasudeva I
365:Dated 100 BCE in Fig.88 in
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39:Mudgarpani ("Mace-holder")
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1001:Mirzapur stele inscription
872:Stoneman, Richard (2019).
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1006:Vasu Doorjamb Inscription
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984:
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566:. Encyclopædia Britannica
428:Dated 100 BCE in Fig. 85
256:Stories and later history
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305:Mudgarpani Yaksha (3/4).
195:
1016:Yavanarajya inscription
626:Boardman, John (1993).
538:Singh, Upinder (2008).
127:, king of the Yakshas,
1057:Saptarishi Tila statue
848:"Mudgar exercise-club"
717:. BRILL. p. 258.
690:. BRILL. p. 121.
511:Dalal, Roshen (2010).
205:
186:
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1011:Mora Well Inscription
799:. BRILL. p. 24.
660:. BRILL. p. 84.
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142:Mathura school of art
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177:(?)(o)(ena).....prai
175:amatyena prati(e)...
166:The inscription in
21:"Mudgarpani" Yaksha
1062:Bhutesvara Yakshis
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885:978-0-691-18538-5
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524:978-0-14-341517-6
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68:anjali mudra
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55:, GMM 87.145
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1125:Mathura art
1052:Isapur Yūpa
951:Mauryan art
400:Fig. 85 in
260:An ancient
238:Indo-Greeks
222:contraposto
218:Hellenistic
179:.......(no)
99:Mudgarapāṇi
1114:Categories
1072:Caturvyūha
1032:Mudgarpani
956:Kushan art
857:1 February
637:0691036802
350:References
232:of nearby
136:Sculptures
129:Manibhadra
88:मुद्गरपाणि
80:Mudgarpani
75:, 100 BCE.
976:Hindu art
961:Gupta art
771:0571-1371
211:Yakshinis
93:romanized
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1037:Agnipani
971:Jain art
564:"yaksha"
280:Examples
246:Dionysos
244:cult of
116:A Yaksha
102:) was a
84:Sanskrit
1120:Yakshas
985:Objects
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765:: 141.
570:15 July
242:Bacchic
234:Bactria
121:Yakshas
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160:mudgar
125:Kubera
109:Mudgar
104:Yaksha
41:Yaksha
775:JSTOR
216:Some
196:Style
880:ISBN
859:2019
828:ISBN
801:ISBN
767:ISSN
719:ISBN
692:ISBN
662:ISBN
632:ISBN
596:ISBN
572:2007
544:ISBN
519:ISBN
481:ISBN
438:ISBN
410:ISBN
375:ISBN
262:Jain
934:Art
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