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Kubera

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Kubera is often depicted as a dwarf, with complexion of lotus leaves and a big belly. He is described as having three legs, only eight teeth, one eye, and being adorned with jewels. He is sometimes described riding a man. The description of deformities like the broken teeth, three legs, three heads
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further describes his face to be inclined to the left, sporting a beard and mustache, and with two small tusks protruding from the ends of his mouth, representing his powers to punish and to bestow favours. His wife Riddhi, representing the journey of life, is seated on his left lap, with her left
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regards Vishrava as the brother of Kubera, so Kubera is described as the uncle of Ravana and his siblings. It records that when Kubera approached Brahma for the favour of superseding his father Pulastya, Pulastya created Vishrava. To seek the favour of Vishrava, Kubera sent three women to him, by
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is the symbol of abundance. The iconography of Kubera and Pancika is so similar that in certain cases, A. Getty comments, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between Pancika and Kubera. The Japanese Bishamon, also known as Tamon-Ten, is one of the Jūni-Ten (十二天), a group of 12 Hindu deities
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s and gandharvas, who act as his assistants and protectors of the jewels of the earth, as well as guardians of his city. Kubera is also the guardian of travelers and the giver of wealth to individuals, who please him. The rakshasas also serve Kubera, however, some cannibalistic rakshasas are
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The exact origins of the name Kubera are unknown. "Kubera" or "Kuvera" (कुवेर) as spelt in later Sanskrit, means "deformed or monstrous" or "ill-shaped one"; indicating his deformities. Another theory suggests that Kubera may be derived from the verb root
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whom Vishrava begot his demon children. Ravana, after acquiring a boon of Brahma, drove Kubera away from Lanka and seized his Pushpaka Vimana, which was returned to Kubera after Ravana's death. Kubera then settled on Gandhamandana mountain, near
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portray him with four to six arms, numerous choices of weapons, though his attributes, the money bag and citron fruit are consistent. He may ride a man or an elephant. He is related to the Buddhist Jambhala rather than the Hindu Kubera.
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states that Kubera should be installed in temples as seated on a goat, and with a club in his hand. Kubera's image is prescribed to be that of gold, with multi-coloured attributes. In some sources, especially in
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extol him as the overlord of numerous semi-divine species, and the owner of the treasures of the world. Kubera is often depicted with a plump body, adorned with jewels, and carrying a money-pot and a club.
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described to have sided with Ravana in the battle against Kubera. Kubera also developed as minor marriage-divinity. He is invoked with Shiva at weddings and is described as
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personified, adorned in golden clothes and ornaments, symbolizing his wealth. His left eye is yellow. He wears an armour and a necklace down to his large belly. The
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Kubera is the Buddhist Vaiśravaṇa or Jambhala, and the Japanese Bishamon. The Buddhist Vaisravana, like the Hindu Kubera, is the regent of the North, a
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s, the treatises related to it—and his iconography mirrors it. Kubera's complexion is described as that of lotus leaves. He rides a man—the
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says that Brahma conferred upon Kubera the lordship of wealth, friendship with Shiva, godhood, status as a world-protector, a son called
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While Kubera still enjoys prayers as the god of wealth, his role is largely taken by the god of wisdom, fortune and obstacle-removal,
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grant Kubera unquestioned godhood. Kubera also acquired the status of the "Lord of riches" and the wealthiest Deva. He also becomes a
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Kubera is recognized outside India and Hinduism as well. Kubera is a popular figure in Buddhist as well as Jain mythology. The
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As the treasurer of the riches of the world, Kubera is prescribed to be worshipped. Kubera is also credited money to the deity
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treasures Padma and Shankha stand beside him in human form, with their heads emerging from a lotus and a conch respectively.
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with jealousy, so he lost one of his eyes. Parvati also turned this deformed eye yellow. So, Kubera gained the name
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s of Shankhayana and Hiranyakesin call him a god, and suggest offerings of meat, sesame seeds and flowers to him.
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texts. Kubera holds a mace, a pomegranate, or a money bag in his hand. He may also carry a sheaf of jewels or a
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Puranic Encyclopaedia: A Comprehensive Dictionary With Special Reference to the Epic and Puranic Literature
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Kubera.(2010). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 08, 2010, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online:
2595: 2398: 922:, where the leaves were jewels and the fruits were girls of heaven. There is also a charming lake called 767: 238: 1917: 790:, some lists do not include Kubera. Thus, Kubera is considered a later addition to the original list of 2600: 935: 1138: 1001:
army is described to have defeated king Mucukunda, who then defeated them by the advice of his guru
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says that Kubera prayed to Shiva for many years, and Shiva granted him the kingship of yakshas.
54: 1647:. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p.  719:, whose title of "best of gods" led to the later belief that Kubera was a man. The early texts 1293: 1185:, each associated with a cardinal direction. In Buddhist legends, Kubera is also equated with 2575: 1705:"Satapatha Brahmana Part V (SBE44): Thirteenth Kânda: XIII, 4, 3. Third Brâhmana (13.4.3.10)" 1648: 296:. Descriptions of the "glory" and "splendour" of Kubera's city are found in many scriptures. 451:
depictions, Kubera is depicted as a drunkard, signified by the "nectar vessel" in his hand.
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feature the half-blood siblings of Kubera. Vishrava, Kubera's father, also married the
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indicates that Kubera is made "Lord of kings"), in contrast to the god-king of heaven,
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Kubera is the treasurer of the gods, and the overlord of the semi-divine yakshas, the
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s, he is described as the grandson of Pulastya and the son of Vishrava and his wife
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The disguises of the demon: the development of the Yakṣa in Hinduism and Buddhism
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with him. In Tibet, the mongoose is considered a symbol of Kubera's victory over
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The Heart of Hinduism: The Eastern Path to Freedom, Empowerment and Illumination
1039:– pleasure, desire etc."). He is associated with fertility of the aquatic type. 965:
often frequent Kubera's court, which is attended by semi-divine beings like the
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in the grove. Kubera is often described as a friend of Shiva in the epics. The
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Chaudhuri, Saroj Kumar (2003). "Chapter 2: Vaisravana, the Heavenly King".
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for this reason, and is sometimes represented with her as Kubera Lakshmi.
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Kubera also enjoys the titles "king of the whole world", "king of kings" (
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sect of Jainism gives him six weapons and three heads; while the
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Monolithic Jinas The Iconography of the Jain Temples of Ellora
570:). His titles are sometimes related to his subjects: "king of 2457: 2376: 2308: 2268: 2253: 2177: 2142: 2105: 994: 985: 903: 895: 821: 812: 716: 705: 669:("world protector") and the patron of merchants. In the epic 433: 386: 289: 281: 90: 86: 820:, a flying chariot. Kubera then ruled in the golden city of 688:. Kubera is described as born from a cow. However, from the 229:, is the god of wealth, and the god-king of the semi-divine 2408: 2348: 2313: 2283: 2223: 2197: 2187: 2167: 2112: 2017: 1126: 1035: 947:
A description of Kubera's magnificent court appears in the
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10th century sandstone sculpture of Kubera with his consort
1843:. Vol. 1. Anmol Publications PVT. LTD. p. 7280. 1054:("auspicious"), or Riddhi ("prosperity"), daughter of the 873:, the chief antagonist of the Ramayana, and his siblings, 1939:(2007), The Symbolism of the Stupa, Motilal Banarsidass, 1132:
Jambhala, the Buddhist Kubera, depicted similar to Kubera
918:("abode of treasures"). There, Kubera had a grove called 133: 1530:. Inner Traditions / Bear & Company. pp. 135–7. 1361:
https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/324235/Kubera
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In Jainism, Kubera is the attendant yaksha of the 19th
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Daniélou, Alain (1964). "Kubera, the Lord of Riches".
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Originally described as the chief of evil spirits in
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calls him the Lord of thieves and criminals. In the
409:(jewel-pot). Kubera should be four-armed, holding a 640: 543:s as being water-spirits, although Mani translates 405:hand on the back of Kubera and the right holding a 1144:Kubera on an elephant in the Jain caves of Ellora. 696:(or Ilivila or Devavarnini), daughter of the sage 513:("one who has one yellow eye"). He is also called 1392:Donaldson, Thomas E. (2001). "Jambhala/Pancika". 280:. The scriptures describe that Kubera once ruled 2557: 741: 384:, Kubera is described as the embodiment of both 1394:Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa 840:, the Pushpaka Vimana and the lordship of the 684:and his wife Idavida, and the brother of sage 547:as men. Kubera also rides the elephant called 464:, meaning to conceal. Kuvera is also split as 2055: 1896: 1894: 1813:. Pustak Mahal. September 2006. p. 32. 1473: 1355: 1353: 1351: 505:. Once, Kubera looked at Shiva and his wife 501:is derived from a name of Kubera's kingdom, 454: 263:-era texts, Kubera acquired the status of a 2069: 1668: 1666: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1658: 1155:Nagendra Kumar Singh remarked that, "Every 703:By this time, though still described as an 359:(left) and Kubera (right) currently at the 2062: 2048: 2011: 1797: 1754: 1752: 1750: 1571: 1540: 1181:and the Lord of yakshas. He is one of the 299:Kubera has also been assimilated into the 53: 1900:S Biswas (2000), Art of Japan, Northern, 1891: 1863: 1765:. Sacred texts archive. pp. 388–93. 1673:Williams, George Mason (2003). "Kubera". 1551: 1549: 1521: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1413: 1396:. Abhinav Publications. pp. 329–30. 1391: 1348: 1265: 1194:adopted in Buddhism as guardian deities ( 1159:has a Kubera after the Hindu prototype". 1090:(a form of Vishnu) for his marriage with 284:, but was overthrown by his half-brother 1672: 1655: 1641:Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). 1636: 1634: 1602: 1600: 1525: 1519: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1509: 1507: 1505: 1503: 1501: 1387: 1385: 1253:"Kubera, Kuvera, Kuberā: 52 definitions" 1113:, with whom he is generally associated. 934: 627: 489:, Vessavana) and as the son of Ilavila, 346: 1987: 1959: 1955: 1953: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1785: 1758: 1747: 1741: 1728: 1625: 1621: 1619: 1617: 1615: 1606: 1598: 1596: 1594: 1592: 1590: 1588: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1580: 1480:. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. pp.  1469: 1423: 1376: 1325: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1315: 307:pantheons. In Buddhism, he is known as 2558: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1546: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1461: 1459: 1457: 1455: 1453: 1451: 1449: 1410: 1372: 1370: 1368: 906:or Alaka-puri ("curl-city"), but also 802:appear in his place. This status, the 2043: 1964:. Motilal Banarsidas. pp. 60–1. 1640: 1631: 1498: 1382: 1329: 961:entertain Kubera. Shiva and his wife 602:), "king of animals resembling men" ( 1950: 1827: 1779: 1722: 1612: 1577: 1312: 1070:("splendour"). They had three sons: 675:, Kubera is described as the son of 431:(a club, the weapon of Kubera). The 1560: 1446: 1365: 1098:to donate money in Venkateshwara's 555:. His garden is named Chaitrarath. 315:, while in Jainism, he is known as 13: 1839:Nagendra Kumar Singh, ed. (2001). 1762:Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Puranic 1556:Monier-Williams Dictionary: Kubera 1116: 806:records, was granted to Kubera by 417:—administration of justice) and a 390:("wealth, prosperity, glory") and 14: 2612: 2035: 1866:Hindu gods and goddesses in Japan 1428:. In Nagendra Kumar Singh (ed.). 816:), "equality with gods", and the 2213: 2012:Sutherland, Gail Hinich (1991). 1137: 1125: 732:describe him as a man. Only the 649:—where he first appears—and the 641:Early descriptions and parentage 288:, later settling in the city of 245:, and a protector of the world ( 1981: 1930: 1918:Twelve Heavenly Deities (Devas) 1911: 1882: 1857: 1803: 1791: 1734: 1697: 1534: 620:calls him the "god of hiding". 1298:. Abhinav publications. 1999. 1286: 1259: 1245: 322: 1: 1334:. iUniverse. pp. 192–3. 1239: 824:, identified with modern-day 742:Puranic and epic descriptions 623: 368: 1811:Fairs and Festivals of India 614:("Lord of the hidden"). The 7: 1997:. Strassburg K.J. Trübner. 1927:Nara National Museum, Japan 1676:Handbook of Hindu mythology 1528:The myths and gods of India 1266:Pattanaik, Devdutt (2006). 1162: 1050:record that Kubera married 665:, he becomes a respectable 479:("Fame"), Kubera is called 212: 115: 103: 10: 2617: 2586:Characters in the Ramayana 1207: 1166: 1081: 15: 2535: 2446: 2364: 2222: 2211: 2081: 1868:. Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd. 1430:Encyclopaedia of Hinduism 1058:Mura. She is also called 610:). Kubera is also called 566:) and "giver of wealth" ( 455:Etymology and other names 355:goddess group along with 332:appear only in the later 239:the regent of the north ( 202: 177: 167: 144: 139: 127: 110: 96: 82: 64: 52: 44: 35: 30: 2519:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 1989:Hopkins, Edward Washburn 1947:, pages 120–124, 298–300 1841:Encyclopaedia of Jainism 939:An 11th century Kubera, 772:) of the North direction 766:("world protector") and 632:Kubera, 1st century CE, 402:Vishnudharmottara Purana 381:Vishnudharmottara Purana 188:, Mayuraja, and Minakshi 1888:Sutherland pp. 63–4, 66 1759:Wilkins, W. J. (1990). 1330:Knapp, Stephen (2005). 1219:. He is usually called 1066:("wife of Kubera") and 957:. Here, gandharvas and 894:– the abode of the god 18:Kubera (disambiguation) 1960:Pereira, José (1977). 1644:India through the ages 944: 637: 606:), and "king of men" ( 375: 104:Oṃ Shaṃ Kuberāya Namaḥ 39:Treasurer of the Devas 1679:. ABC-CLIO. pp.  1474:Mani, Vettam (1975). 1295:The Poems of Sūradāsa 938: 631: 562:), "Lord of wealth" ( 497:commentary says that 350: 1923:4 March 2016 at the 1709:www.sacred-texts.com 1424:Prakash, Om (2000). 865:, who mothered four 237:. He is regarded as 16:For other uses, see 1183:Four Heavenly Kings 1062:– a female yaksha, 861:(demigod) princess 657:Shatapatha Brahmana 652:Shatapatha Brahmana 23:Hindu god of wealth 2596:Jain minor deities 945: 914:("bejeweled") and 794:s, where the gods 782:is assured in the 638: 413:(mace: symbol of 376: 269:(god) only in the 2553: 2552: 1744:, pp. 149–52 217:) also known as 192: 191: 2608: 2217: 2064: 2057: 2050: 2041: 2040: 2031: 2008: 1976: 1975: 1957: 1948: 1937:Adrian Snodgrass 1934: 1928: 1915: 1909: 1898: 1889: 1886: 1880: 1879: 1861: 1855: 1854: 1836: 1825: 1824: 1807: 1801: 1795: 1789: 1783: 1777: 1776: 1756: 1745: 1740:For Loka-palas, 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1719: 1717: 1715: 1701: 1695: 1694: 1670: 1653: 1652: 1638: 1629: 1628:, pp. 144–5 1623: 1610: 1609:, pp. 142–3 1604: 1575: 1569: 1558: 1553: 1544: 1538: 1532: 1531: 1523: 1496: 1495: 1471: 1444: 1443: 1421: 1408: 1407: 1389: 1380: 1374: 1363: 1357: 1346: 1345: 1327: 1310: 1309: 1290: 1284: 1283: 1263: 1257: 1256: 1249: 1141: 1129: 750:s and the epics 521:), so is called 373: 370: 215: 204: 118: 106: 57: 28: 27: 2616: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2609: 2607: 2606: 2605: 2556: 2555: 2554: 2549: 2545:Hindu mythology 2531: 2442: 2360: 2218: 2209: 2077: 2068: 2038: 2028: 2005: 1984: 1979: 1972: 1958: 1951: 1935: 1931: 1925:Wayback Machine 1916: 1912: 1899: 1892: 1887: 1883: 1876: 1862: 1858: 1851: 1837: 1828: 1821: 1809: 1808: 1804: 1798:Sutherland 1991 1796: 1792: 1784: 1780: 1773: 1757: 1748: 1739: 1735: 1727: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1691: 1671: 1656: 1639: 1632: 1624: 1613: 1605: 1578: 1572:Sutherland 1991 1570: 1561: 1554: 1547: 1541:Sutherland 1991 1539: 1535: 1524: 1499: 1492: 1472: 1447: 1440: 1422: 1411: 1404: 1390: 1383: 1375: 1366: 1358: 1349: 1342: 1328: 1313: 1306: 1292: 1291: 1287: 1280: 1264: 1260: 1255:. 15 June 2012. 1251: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1210: 1175: 1165: 1157:Indian religion 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1142: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1119: 1117:Beyond Hinduism 1084: 1074:("Reed-axle"), 1013:in his palace. 997:once. Kubera's 951:as well as the 910:("splendour"), 818:Pushpaka Vimana 744: 700:or Trinabindu. 643: 626: 584:Rakshasadhipati 457: 371: 325: 163: 60: 40: 38: 24: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2614: 2604: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2581:Abundance gods 2578: 2573: 2568: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2529: 2522: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2499: 2492: 2487: 2482: 2481: 2480: 2475: 2470: 2465: 2454: 2452: 2444: 2443: 2441: 2440: 2431: 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2390: 2389: 2384: 2374: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2361: 2359: 2358: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2250: 2249: 2244: 2239: 2228: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2212: 2210: 2208: 2207: 2200: 2195: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2110: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2087: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2067: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2044: 2037: 2036:External links 2034: 2033: 2032: 2026: 2009: 2003: 1994:Epic mythology 1983: 1980: 1978: 1977: 1970: 1949: 1945:978-8120807815 1929: 1910: 1906:978-8172112691 1890: 1881: 1874: 1856: 1849: 1826: 1819: 1802: 1790: 1778: 1771: 1746: 1733: 1721: 1696: 1689: 1654: 1630: 1611: 1576: 1559: 1545: 1533: 1497: 1490: 1445: 1438: 1409: 1402: 1381: 1364: 1347: 1340: 1311: 1304: 1285: 1278: 1272:. Penguin UK. 1258: 1243: 1241: 1238: 1209: 1206: 1164: 1161: 1143: 1136: 1135: 1131: 1124: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1083: 1080: 743: 740: 642: 639: 634:Mathura Museum 625: 622: 475:As the son of 456: 453: 372: 1043 AD 361:British Museum 324: 321: 190: 189: 179: 175: 174: 169: 165: 164: 162: 161: 155: 148: 146: 142: 141: 137: 136: 131: 125: 124: 112: 108: 107: 100: 94: 93: 84: 80: 79: 66: 62: 61: 58: 50: 49: 42: 41: 36: 33: 32: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2613: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2546: 2543: 2541: 2538: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2510:Bhagavad Gita 2507: 2506: 2505: 2504: 2500: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2491: 2488: 2486: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2474: 2471: 2469: 2466: 2464: 2461: 2460: 2459: 2456: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2445: 2439: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2373: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365:Other deities 2363: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2248: 2245: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2233: 2230: 2229: 2227: 2225: 2221: 2216: 2206: 2205: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2194: 2191: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2114: 2111: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2093: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2071:Hindu deities 2065: 2060: 2058: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2042: 2029: 2027:0-7914-0622-9 2023: 2019: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2004:0-8426-0560-6 2000: 1996: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1985: 1973: 1971:0-8426-1027-8 1967: 1963: 1956: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1926: 1922: 1919: 1914: 1907: 1903: 1897: 1895: 1885: 1877: 1875:81-7936-009-1 1871: 1867: 1860: 1852: 1850:81-261-0691-3 1846: 1842: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1822: 1820:81-223-0951-8 1816: 1812: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1788:, p. 148 1787: 1782: 1774: 1772:1-4021-9308-4 1768: 1764: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1751: 1743: 1737: 1731:, p. 146 1730: 1725: 1710: 1706: 1700: 1692: 1690:1-85109-650-7 1686: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1669: 1667: 1665: 1663: 1661: 1659: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1637: 1635: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1618: 1616: 1608: 1603: 1601: 1599: 1597: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1589: 1587: 1585: 1583: 1581: 1573: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1557: 1552: 1550: 1542: 1537: 1529: 1522: 1520: 1518: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1493: 1491:0-8426-0822-2 1487: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1464: 1462: 1460: 1458: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1450: 1441: 1439:81-7488-168-9 1435: 1431: 1427: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1414: 1405: 1403:81-7017-406-6 1399: 1395: 1388: 1386: 1379:, p. 147 1378: 1373: 1371: 1369: 1362: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1343: 1341:0-595-79779-2 1337: 1333: 1326: 1324: 1322: 1320: 1318: 1316: 1307: 1305:9788170173694 1301: 1297: 1296: 1289: 1281: 1279:9788184750218 1275: 1271: 1270: 1262: 1254: 1248: 1244: 1237: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1215: 1205: 1203: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1189:, whose wife 1188: 1184: 1180: 1174: 1170: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1140: 1128: 1114: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088:Venkateshwara 1079: 1077: 1073: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1045: 1040: 1038: 1037: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 988: 987: 982: 981: 977:; rakshasas; 976: 975: 970: 969: 964: 960: 956: 955: 950: 942: 937: 933: 931: 930: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 892:Mount Kailash 888: 884: 880: 876: 872: 868: 864: 860: 859: 854: 850: 845: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 814: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 786:, but in the 785: 781: 777: 773: 771: 765: 761: 760: 755: 754: 749: 739: 737: 736: 731: 730: 725: 724: 723:Dharmashastra 718: 714: 713: 708: 707: 701: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 680: 679: 674: 673: 668: 664: 663: 658: 654: 653: 648: 635: 630: 621: 619: 618: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 565: 561: 556: 554: 550: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 529: 524: 520: 516: 512: 511:Ekaksipingala 508: 504: 500: 496: 492: 488: 487:Pali language 484: 483: 478: 473: 471: 468:(earth), and 467: 463: 452: 450: 445: 444: 438: 436: 435: 430: 426: 422: 421: 416: 412: 408: 403: 399: 395: 394: 389: 388: 383: 382: 366: 362: 358: 354: 349: 345: 343: 339: 335: 331: 320: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 297: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 273: 268: 267: 262: 257: 254: 250: 249: 244: 242: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 214: 208: 200: 196: 187: 183: 180: 176: 173: 170: 166: 159: 156: 153: 150: 149: 147: 143: 138: 135: 132: 130: 126: 122: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 99: 95: 92: 88: 85: 81: 78: 74: 70: 67: 63: 56: 51: 48: 43: 37:God of Wealth 34: 29: 26: 19: 2576:Fortune gods 2524: 2517: 2508: 2501: 2494: 2419:Gramadevatas 2353: 2202: 2162: 2013: 1993: 1982:Bibliography 1961: 1932: 1913: 1884: 1865: 1859: 1840: 1810: 1805: 1800:, p. 61 1793: 1786:Hopkins 1915 1781: 1761: 1742:Hopkins 1915 1736: 1729:Hopkins 1915 1724: 1712:. Retrieved 1708: 1699: 1675: 1643: 1626:Hopkins 1915 1607:Hopkins 1915 1574:, p. 63 1543:, p. 65 1536: 1527: 1476: 1429: 1393: 1377:Hopkins 1915 1331: 1294: 1288: 1268: 1261: 1247: 1224: 1221:Sarvanubhuti 1220: 1211: 1201: 1195: 1178: 1176: 1150: 1108: 1099: 1085: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1047: 1043: 1041: 1034: 1030: 1023: 1017: 1015: 998: 984: 978: 972: 966: 952: 948: 946: 929:Padma Purana 927: 923: 919: 915: 911: 907: 886: 866: 856: 852: 848: 846: 841: 837: 833: 829: 811: 803: 791: 787: 783: 779: 775: 769: 763: 757: 751: 747: 745: 733: 727: 720: 710: 704: 702: 689: 676: 670: 666: 660: 656: 650: 646: 644: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 594:), "king of 592:Guhyakadhipa 591: 586:), "Lord of 583: 578:), "Lord of 575: 567: 564:Dhanadhipati 563: 559: 557: 552: 548: 544: 540: 532: 526: 525:, one whose 522: 518: 514: 510: 502: 498: 495:Sutta Nitapa 494: 490: 480: 474: 469: 465: 461: 458: 441: 439: 432: 428: 424: 418: 414: 410: 406: 401: 393:Arthashastra 391: 385: 379: 377: 333: 326: 317:Sarvanubhuti 316: 298: 271: 264: 258: 251:). His many 246: 240: 226: 222: 218: 210: 194: 193: 25: 2503:Mahabharata 2414:Kuladevatas 2193:Vishvakarma 1269:MYTH=MITHYA 1233:Śvetāmbaras 1153:Orientalist 1048:Mahabharata 974:kimpurushas 968:vidyadharas 949:Mahabharata 920:Caitraratha 916:Vasu-sthali 887:Mahabharata 875:Kumbhakarna 830:Mahabharata 788:Mahabharata 753:Mahabharata 735:Grihyasutra 672:Mahabharata 647:Atharvaveda 617:Atharvaveda 600:Kinnararaja 576:Yaksharajan 549:Sarvabhauma 539:interprets 531:(mount) is 523:Nara-vahana 443:Agni Purana 407:ratna-patra 323:Iconography 278:Hindu epics 65:Affiliation 2601:Vaiśravaṇa 2566:Hindu gods 2560:Categories 2485:Upanishads 2404:Gandharvas 2128:Dattatreya 1908:, page 184 1240:References 1214:Tirthankar 1173:Vaiśravaṇa 1167:See also: 1072:Nalakubara 1046:s and the 1033:("Lord of 1031:Kameshvara 1011:Ashtavakra 883:Shurpanaka 879:Vibhishana 869:children: 851:s and the 838:Nalakubara 834:Nalakubera 768:guardian ( 698:Bharadvaja 662:Manusmriti 624:Literature 612:Guhyadhipa 499:Vaisravana 482:Vaisravana 309:Vaisravana 186:Manibhadra 182:Nalakuvara 89:and later 45:Member of 2424:Rakshasas 2294:Mahavidya 2237:Saraswati 2224:Goddesses 2153:Kartikeya 1229:Digambara 1217:Mallinath 1092:Padmavati 1076:Manigriva 1003:Vashishta 980:pishachas 954:Meghaduta 941:Karnataka 912:Vasudhara 900:Himalayas 847:Both the 826:Sri Lanka 792:Loka-pala 729:Apastamba 712:Harivamsa 678:Prajapati 580:rakshasas 553:loka-pala 415:dandaniti 351:A bronze 330:four arms 294:Himalayas 140:Genealogy 47:Lokapalas 2571:Lokapala 2540:Hinduism 2496:Ramayana 2438:Yakshini 2344:Shashthi 2304:Matrikas 2289:Mahadevi 2091:Trimurti 1991:(1915). 1921:Archived 1225:Sarvahna 1179:lokapala 1169:Jambhala 1163:Buddhism 1096:Tirupati 999:Nairrata 993:prince, 898:—in the 867:rakshasa 858:rakshasa 853:Ramayana 844:demons. 842:Nairrata 804:Ramayana 784:Ramayana 776:lokapala 770:dikapala 764:lokapala 759:Ramayana 721:Gautama 686:Vishrava 682:Pulastya 667:lokapala 608:Nararaja 604:Mayuraja 596:Kinnaras 588:Guhyakas 560:Rajaraja 515:Bhutesha 491:Ailavila 485:(in the 477:Vishrava 472:(hero). 365:Mahipala 338:mongoose 301:Buddhist 276:and the 253:epithets 248:Lokapala 235:Hinduism 199:Sanskrit 178:Children 160:(mother) 154:(father) 152:Vishrava 123:or club) 77:Lokapala 2591:Yakshas 2490:Puranas 2478:Atharva 2447:Texts ( 2434:Yakshas 2429:Vahanas 2399:Dikpāla 2372:Apsaras 2324:Rukmini 2299:Matangi 2247:Parvati 2242:Lakshmi 2232:Tridevi 2158:Krishna 2138:Hanuman 2133:Ganesha 2123:Chandra 2118:Ashvins 2020:Press. 1714:23 June 1208:Jainism 1187:Pañcika 1111:Ganesha 1104:Lakshmi 1082:Worship 1064:Kauberi 1025:kinnara 1019:guhyaka 991:Pandava 963:Parvati 959:apsaras 863:Kaikesi 780:dikpala 694:Ilavida 645:In the 572:yakshas 568:Dhanada 537:Hopkins 507:Parvati 429:shibika 378:In the 357:Ganesha 353:Matrika 334:Puranic 313:Pañcika 292:in the 241:Dikpala 231:yakshas 227:Kuberan 168:Consort 158:Ilavida 145:Parents 2394:Devata 2387:Danava 2382:Daitya 2377:Asuras 2339:Shakti 2329:Sanjna 2319:Rohini 2279:Shachi 2264:Chhaya 2183:Varuna 2173:Shasta 2163:Kubera 2101:Vishnu 2096:Brahma 2024:  2001:  1968:  1943:  1904:  1872:  1847:  1817:  1769:  1687:  1488:  1436:  1400:  1338:  1302:  1276:  1191:Hariti 1068:Charvi 1060:Yakshi 1052:Bhadra 1044:Purana 1007:Shukra 924:Nalini 908:Prabha 885:. The 881:, and 871:Ravana 849:Purana 828:. The 813:Nidhis 808:Brahma 778:and a 748:Purana 690:Purana 528:vahana 503:Visana 427:and a 420:shakti 286:Ravana 272:Purana 219:Kuvera 213:Kubera 195:Kubera 172:Bhadra 111:Weapon 98:Mantra 69:Yaksha 31:Kubera 2473:Yajur 2458:Vedas 2309:Radha 2274:Ganga 2269:Durga 2259:Bhumi 2254:Aditi 2178:Surya 2143:Indra 2106:Shiva 2075:texts 1681:190–1 1100:Hundi 1056:demon 995:Bhima 986:nidhi 904:Alaka 896:Shiva 822:Lanka 717:Indra 706:asura 551:as a 462:kumba 434:nidhi 425:Artha 398:state 387:Artha 342:nāgas 290:Alaka 282:Lanka 261:Vedic 223:Kuber 203:कुबेर 129:Mount 91:Alaka 87:Lanka 83:Abode 2526:more 2468:Sama 2449:list 2409:Gana 2355:more 2349:Sita 2334:Sati 2314:Rati 2284:Kali 2204:more 2198:Yama 2188:Vayu 2168:Rama 2148:Kama 2113:Agni 2083:Gods 2073:and 2022:ISBN 2018:SUNY 1999:ISBN 1966:ISBN 1941:ISBN 1902:ISBN 1870:ISBN 1845:ISBN 1815:ISBN 1767:ISBN 1716:2017 1685:ISBN 1486:ISBN 1484:–7. 1434:ISBN 1398:ISBN 1336:ISBN 1300:ISBN 1274:ISBN 1197:deva 1171:and 1042:The 1036:Kama 800:Soma 796:Agni 756:and 746:The 726:and 545:nara 541:nara 533:nara 519:nara 470:vira 449:Jain 440:The 411:gada 328:and 305:Jain 303:and 266:deva 225:and 207:IAST 121:Mace 116:Gadā 73:Deva 2463:Rig 1482:434 1223:or 1202:ten 1200:or 1022:s, 798:or 590:" ( 582:" ( 574:" ( 367:I ( 233:in 134:Man 2562:: 2436:/ 2016:. 1952:^ 1893:^ 1829:^ 1749:^ 1707:. 1683:. 1657:^ 1649:65 1633:^ 1614:^ 1579:^ 1562:^ 1548:^ 1500:^ 1448:^ 1412:^ 1384:^ 1367:^ 1350:^ 1314:^ 1005:. 971:; 877:, 598:"( 535:. 466:ku 374:). 369:c. 319:. 221:, 209:: 205:, 201:: 184:, 75:, 71:, 2451:) 2063:e 2056:t 2049:v 2030:. 2007:. 1974:. 1878:. 1853:. 1823:. 1775:. 1718:. 1693:. 1651:. 1494:. 1442:. 1406:. 1344:. 1308:. 1282:. 943:. 836:/ 636:. 274:s 243:) 197:( 119:( 20:.

Index

Kubera (disambiguation)
Lokapalas

Yaksha
Deva
Lokapala
Lanka
Alaka
Mantra
Mace
Mount
Man
Vishrava
Ilavida
Bhadra
Nalakuvara
Manibhadra
Sanskrit
IAST
yakshas
Hinduism
the regent of the north (Dikpala)
Lokapala
epithets
Vedic
deva
Puranas
Hindu epics
Lanka
Ravana

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