287:
257:
182:
1102:
quality of the scientific study itself. Yet many international universities require publication in these high-impact journals by both their students and faculty. One way that some international authors are beginning to overcome this problem is by contracting with freelance copy editors who are native speakers of
English and specialize in ESL (English as a second language) editing to polish their manuscripts' English to a level that high-impact journals will accept.
692:
80:
39:
1166:, laid out in a section usually called "Materials and Methods", should be described in such a way that a subsequent scientist, with appropriate knowledge of and experience in the relevant field, should be able to repeat the observations and know whether he or she has obtained the same result. This naturally varies between subjects, and does not apply to mathematics and related subjects.
707:
1116:
Although the content of an article is more important than the format, it is customary for scientific articles to follow a standard structure, which varies only slightly in different subjects. Although the IMRAD structure emphasizes the organization of content, and in scientific journal articles, each
1071:
The actual day-to-day records of scientific information are kept in research notebooks or logbooks. These are usually kept indefinitely as the basic evidence of the work, and are often kept in duplicate, signed, notarized, and archived. The purpose is to preserve the evidence for scientific priority,
1366:
Authors
Disputes. The authorship of an article is simply the author of the article. The ethical issue with this is when there are two people that believe to be the author, but there is only one true author. There are guidelines to help pick which get authorship of the writing. The one that does not
1199:
of the meaning of the results is usually addressed in a "Discussion" or "Conclusions" section. The conclusions drawn should be based on the new empirical results while taking established knowledge into consideration, in such a way that any reader with knowledge of the field can follow the argument
1350:
Human
Welfare Concerns. The guidelines for human experimentation started during WWII with the Nuremberg Code. It has evolved into three main principles from The Belmont Report. The subject must be able to make their own choices to protect themselves, benefits must outweigh the risks, and subjects
1101:
Often, career advancement depends upon publishing in high-impact journals, which, especially in hard and applied sciences, are usually published in
English. Consequently, scientists with poor English writing skills are at a disadvantage when trying to publish in these journals, regardless of the
1354:
Animal
Welfare Concerns. Is the ethical care of animals in scientific experiments. The APS has set strict guidelines and regulations to stop animals from being unnecessarily harmed in experiments. These are being updated regularly by the APS and is a federal law in the United States enforced by
1318:
from author to publisher, used by some journals, can be controversial because many authors want to propagate their ideas more widely and re-use their material elsewhere without the need for permission. Usually an author or authors circumvent that problem by rewriting an article and using other
1128:
attracts readers' attention and informs them about the contents of the article. Titles are distinguished into three main types: declarative titles (state the main conclusion), descriptive titles (describe a paper's content), and interrogative titles (challenge readers with a question that is
1072:
and in particular for priority for obtaining patents. They have also been used in scientific disputes. Since the availability of computers, the notebooks in some data-intensive fields have been kept as database records, and appropriate software is commercially available.
788:, ensures the quality, validity, and reliability of the research before it becomes part of the scientific literature. Peer-reviewed publications contribute significantly to advancing our understanding of the world and shaping future research endeavors.
821:
comprise review articles that summarize the results of published studies to underscore progress and new research directions, as well as books that tackle extensive projects or comprehensive arguments, including article compilations.
872:
is the responsibility of a different author or group of authors, while the editor is responsible for determining the scope of the project, keeping the work on schedule, and ensuring consistency of style and
1528:
1955:
Benos, Dale J.; Fabres, Jorge; Farmer, John; Gutierrez, Jessica P.; Hennessy, Kristin; Kosek, David; Lee, Joo Hyoung; Olteanu, Dragos; Russell, Tara (2005–2006). "Ethics and scientific publication".
924:", as they are published outside of traditional channels. This material is customarily not indexed by major databases and can include manuals, theses and dissertations, or newsletters and bulletins.
935:, peer-reviewed journals are the most prominent and prestigious form of publication. University presses are more prestigious than commercial press publication. The status of working papers and
1079:
followed by a formal article. Articles are usually prepared at the end of a project, or at the end of components of a particularly large one. In preparing such an article vigorous rules for
1037:" This type of material comes from the result of an article being published. It does not advance an article scientifically but instead contributes to its reputation as a scientific article.
784:
findings to a wider audience. Researchers submit their work to reputable journals or conferences, where it undergoes rigorous evaluation by experts in the field. This evaluation, known as
1363:
Conflicts of
Interests. This is referring to the biased assumption due to private interest. It can be done knowingly or not. This is unethical because it makes data inaccurate.
1044:": Other types of papers not listed under non-scientific material or in any of the above eight categories. They can vary depending on the objective and style of the article.
963:
Scientific papers have been categorised into ten types. Eight of these carry specific objectives, while the other two can vary depending on the style and the intended goal.
1889:. In: Stefano Pagliara 2nd International Junior Researcher and Engineer Workshop on Hydraulic Structures (IJREW'08), Pisa, Italy, Keynote, pp. 3-13, 30 July-1 August 2008.
1915:"Research Quality, Publications and Impact in Civil Engineering into the 21st Century. Publish or Perish, Commercial versus Open Access, Internet versus Libraries ?"
1160:
of previous scientific investigations should be presented, by citation of relevant documents in the existing literature, usually in a section called an "Introduction".
1075:
The work on a project is typically published as one or more technical reports, or articles. In some fields both are used, with preliminary reports, working papers, or
1149:
summarizes the work (in a single paragraph or in several short paragraphs) and is intended to represent the article in bibliographic databases and to furnish subject
1784:
1336:
Review process. The peer-review process contributes to the quality control and it is an essential step to ascertain the standing and originality of the research.
1726:
1386:
262:
2641:
1246:
acceptance in the academic discourse is predicted by the inclusion in such selective sources. Commercial providers of proprietary data include
2626:
2469:
2118:
20:
1826:
1648:
2636:
144:
927:
The significance of different types of the scientific publications can vary between disciplines and change over time. According to
116:
1652:
916:
issued by individual researchers or research organizations on their own initiative; these are sometimes organized into a series.
1611:
Talbott, T.; M. Peterson; J. Schwidder; J.D. Myers (2005). "Adapting the electronic laboratory notebook for the semantic era".
986:
is a description of a technique or piece of equipment that has been modified from an existing one to be new and more effective.
97:
52:
1813:
2682:
1894:
123:
1333:
Honesty. Honesty and integrity is a duty of each author and person, expert-reviewer and member of journal editorial boards.
1129:
answered in the text). Some journals indicate, in their instructions to authors, the type (and length) of permitted titles.
312:
1120:
The following are key guidelines for formatting, although each journal etc will to some extent have its own house style:
1792:
1342:
Data
Fabrications. Is the process of purposefully changing data to make the information more in the favor of the author.
2396:
130:
2459:
2111:
1736:
1628:
1538:
1512:
735:
243:
225:
203:
163:
66:
196:
2692:
1235:
112:
349:
1193:). These display elements should be accompanied by a caption and should be discussed in the text of the article.
286:
2406:
1200:
and confirm that the conclusions are sound. That is, acceptance of the conclusions must not depend on personal
317:
101:
1367:
get authorship is put in the acknowledgments. The guidelines come from NIH and The
Council of Science Editors.
1117:
section (Introduction, Methods, Results, and
Discussion) has unique conventions for scientific writing style.
2656:
1469:
1173:
of the investigation, in a section usually called "Results", should be presented in tabular or graphic form (
1402:
1025:
are communications directed to the editor of an article to ask questions and provide constructive criticism.
773:
contributions. These papers serve as essential sources of knowledge and are commonly referred to simply as “
2687:
2677:
2651:
2621:
2104:
2616:
2169:
1061:
395:
2631:
2611:
1247:
58:
1424:
2646:
1384:
The first recorded editorial pre-publication peer-review occurred in 1665 by the founding editor of
1444:
1434:
1347:
Ethical standards. Recent journal editorials presented some experience of unscrupulous activities.
1029:
The following two categories are variable, including for example historical articles and speeches:
567:
256:
190:
137:
2548:
2492:
1239:
1140:
cases, publishers often require that all co-authors know and agree on the content of the article.
353:
90:
1499:, SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 9–21,
2588:
2304:
2260:
1827:"Open access and Scopus: A new approach to scientific visibility from the standpoint of access"
1379:
891:
532:
207:
1360:
Authorship. Who may claim a right to authorship? In which order should the authors be listed?
2578:
2330:
2239:
2151:
1329:
In terms of research publications, a number of key issues include and are not restricted to:
1229:
1137:
936:
728:
643:
487:
332:
2568:
2533:
2487:
2375:
2335:
2320:
2042:
1414:
1339:
Redundant
Publications. Publications that contain copyrighted and new unpublished material.
600:
582:
517:
1465:
8:
2127:
1554:
1439:
1201:
952:
877:
512:
407:
345:
27:
19:
For information about journal article databases, and abstract and indexing services, see
2046:
947:
or scientific report on the web has in the past been low, but in some subjects, such as
2538:
2174:
2146:
1988:
1859:
1702:
1675:
1644:
1398:
1295:
1144:
1080:
845:
800:
796:
766:
322:
302:
1753:
2594:
2482:
2449:
2270:
2191:
1980:
1972:
1890:
1732:
1707:
1624:
1593:
1534:
1508:
1054:
852:
792:
711:
658:
648:
572:
422:
364:
1992:
1319:
pictures. Some publishers may also want publicity for their journal so will approve
2583:
2497:
2219:
2141:
2050:
2015:
1964:
1926:
1886:
Digital Publishing, Ethics and Hydraulic Engineering: The Elusive or "Boring" Bore?
1863:
1849:
1841:
1697:
1687:
1616:
1500:
1461:
940:
909:
818:
811:, which cover minor research results and engineering and design efforts, including
808:
721:
653:
522:
442:
383:
307:
2078:
2558:
2355:
2345:
2292:
2275:
2201:
1914:
1884:
1692:
1429:
1391:
991:
921:
881:
869:
856:
825:
758:
754:
623:
618:
608:
497:
454:
390:
1504:
2507:
2477:
2413:
2380:
2350:
2299:
2186:
2181:
1910:
1880:
1620:
1419:
1251:
1000:
932:
902:
762:
696:
663:
613:
373:
2671:
2563:
2370:
2340:
2224:
2209:
1976:
1968:
1351:
must be evaluated for their selection and benefits must go to all of society.
1092:
979:
are unique events that researchers read to obtain information on the subject.
928:
913:
865:
577:
1984:
1825:
Miguel, Sandra; Chinchilla-Rodriguez, Zaida; de Moya-AnegĂłn, FĂ©lix (2011).
1711:
1597:
1323:
1303:
1096:
829:
427:
400:
1791:. European Federation of Psychology Students' Associations. Archived from
905:(although e.g. scientific journals are now commonly published on the web).
2543:
2401:
2360:
2214:
1283:
1263:
948:
785:
552:
459:
447:
437:
378:
1824:
1610:
2423:
2325:
1854:
1584:
Peh, Wilfred (2008). "Basic structure and types of scientific papers".
1267:
887:
840:
Scientific literature can include the following kinds of publications:
678:
557:
547:
537:
507:
412:
260:
The frontispiece for some early scientific literature published in the
2096:
2076:
1845:
1834:
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
973:
provides new information from original research supported by evidence.
691:
2444:
2287:
2079:"The Origin of the Scientific Journal and the Process of Peer Review"
1320:
1315:
1287:
1259:
1182:
1015:
668:
432:
2054:
2019:
1930:
1728:
Scientific And Medical Communication: A Guide For Effective Practice
939:
depends on the discipline; they are typically more important in the
79:
2517:
2512:
2439:
2229:
1291:
1205:
1150:
1076:
995:
is a series of high-quality images published for teaching purposes.
944:
812:
781:
673:
562:
464:
417:
2454:
2418:
2365:
1615:. Los Alamitos, CA, US: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 136–143.
1613:
International Symposium on Collaborative Technologies and Systems
1299:
1271:
1190:
1186:
765:. It primarily consists of academic papers that present original
502:
273:
1215:
Finally, a "References" or "Literature Cited" section lists the
2502:
2265:
2255:
1954:
1255:
804:
770:
832:
and similar works designed for widespread public consumption.
2573:
2234:
1555:"Evaluation based on scientific publishing: Evaluating books"
1495:Ă–chsner, Andreas (2013), "Types of Scientific Publications",
1209:
1178:
1174:
1111:
542:
492:
2033:"Publication Ethical Standards: Guidelines and Procedures".
920:
Literature may also be published in areas considered to be "
2282:
1814:
Scientific fraud#Responsibility of authors and of coauthors
1449:
1279:
1275:
895:
482:
780:
The process of academic publishing involves disseminating
1754:"Titles in medical articles: What do we know about them?"
1004:
is a detailed analysis of recent developments on a topic.
527:
1326:
unconditionally; other publishers are more resistant.
862:
Books wholly written by one author or a few co-authors.
1011:
is a short summary of an author's personal experience.
1019:
are short reviews or critiques of original articles.
1397:Technical and scientific books were a specialty of
835:
104:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
958:
2669:
1785:"How to write a good title for journal articles"
1527:Speight, James G.; Foote, Russell (2011-04-27).
1466:"A brief history of the mathematical literature"
1405:re-published contemporary scientific articles.
1387:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
263:Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
2006:D. Mavinic (2006). "The "Art" of Plagiarism".
1909:
1879:
1875:
1873:
1751:
851:Patents in the relevant subject (for example,
2112:
894:conducted by a government agency such as the
815:, are also classified as primary literature.
729:
21:List of academic databases and search engines
2077:Select Committee on Science and Technology.
1526:
1999:
1903:
1870:
966:Papers that carry specific objectives are:
67:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2119:
2105:
2005:
1649:United States National Library of Medicine
757:that spans various disciplines within the
736:
722:
1853:
1701:
1691:
1673:
1053:For broader class of these articles, see
244:Learn how and when to remove this message
226:Learn how and when to remove this message
164:Learn how and when to remove this message
2026:
255:
189:This article includes a list of general
26:For broader coverage of this topic, see
2126:
1494:
2670:
1724:
1600:– via Singapore Medical Journal.
1533:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 241.
1105:
2627:Academic databases and search engines
2100:
2008:Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1919:Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering
1655:from the original on October 16, 2011
1497:Introduction to Scientific Publishing
1048:
955:, it is now an accepted alternative.
1579:
1577:
1575:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1062:Types of scientific journal articles
175:
102:adding citations to reliable sources
73:
32:
1782:
1676:"Crossing the language limitations"
1583:
777:” within specific research fields.
13:
2397:Academic journal publishing reform
2081:. Parliament of the United Kingdom
1937:
1132:The names and affiliations of all
195:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
2704:
1572:
1530:Ethics in Science and Engineering
1483:
1380:Scientific writing § History
844:Scientific articles published in
48:This article has multiple issues.
1957:Advances in Physiology Education
943:. The value of publication as a
880:, especially those organized by
836:Types of scientific publications
705:
690:
285:
180:
78:
37:
2070:
2061:
1818:
1807:
1776:
1234:Increasing reliance on digital
1136:are given. In the wake of some
901:Scientific publications on the
89:needs additional citations for
56:or discuss these issues on the
1752:Langdon-Neuner, Elise (2007).
1745:
1718:
1667:
1637:
1604:
1547:
1520:
1223:
1066:
959:Scientific papers and articles
1:
2657:Category:Scientific documents
1470:American Mathematical Society
1455:
2683:Academic works about science
2652:Category:Academic publishing
1693:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030410
1476:
7:
1505:10.1007/978-3-642-38646-6_3
1408:
1086:
753:encompasses a vast body of
10:
2709:
2470:Indexes and search engines
1621:10.1109/ISCST.2005.1553305
1377:
1373:
1248:Chemical Abstracts Service
1227:
1109:
1090:
1059:
1052:
513:Interdisciplinary sciences
25:
18:
2604:
2526:
2468:
2432:
2389:
2313:
2248:
2200:
2162:
2134:
1725:Mogull, Scott A. (2017).
1586:Effective Medical Writing
1425:Digital object identifier
1309:
1969:10.1152/advan.00056.2004
1445:Scientific communication
1435:Open access (publishing)
568:Research and development
2693:Technical communication
2647:Style/formatting guides
2549:Scholarly communication
2249:Other publication types
1731:. New York: Routledge.
1674:Pan, Z; Gao, J (2006).
1274:-led) services include
1240:academic search engines
210:more precise citations.
113:"Scientific literature"
2589:Least publishable unit
2261:Collection of articles
2067:Wagner (2006) p. 220-1
1298:records enriched with
1153:for indexing services.
1035:Nonscientific material
937:conference proceedings
892:forensic investigation
475:Extrascientific fields
266:
2579:Electronic publishing
2554:Scientific literature
2331:Article-level metrics
1230:Scholarly peer review
1219:cited by the authors.
1138:scientific misconduct
1083:have to be followed.
1023:Letters to the editor
751:Scientific literature
712:Philosophy portal
644:Science communication
488:Communication studies
259:
2622:Open-access journals
2569:Open scientific data
2376:SCImago Journal Rank
2336:Author-level metrics
2321:Acknowledgment index
1645:"MEDLINE Fact Sheet"
1415:Acknowledgment index
1403:Engineering Magazine
1236:abstracting services
1164:Empirical techniques
878:academic conferences
601:Scientific integrity
583:Vocational education
518:Knowledge management
408:Behavioural sciences
98:improve this article
2688:Information science
2678:Academic literature
2617:Scientific journals
2128:Academic publishing
2047:2007AIAAJ..45.1794.
1795:on 28 December 2012
1440:Research paper mill
1106:Structure and style
971:An original article
953:high energy physics
846:scientific journals
797:scientific journals
795:first published in
793:scientific research
28:Academic publishing
2637:Copyright policies
2632:University presses
2539:Scientific writing
2407:Citation advantage
2314:Impact and ranking
2147:Scientific journal
1559:University of Oulu
1399:David Van Nostrand
1296:Microsoft Academic
1081:scientific writing
1049:Scientific article
890:reports such as a
853:biological patents
801:primary literature
767:empirical research
697:Science portal
267:
2665:
2664:
2642:Preprint policies
2612:Academic journals
2595:Publish or perish
2450:Version of record
2390:Reform and access
2192:Literature review
2041:(8): 1794. 2007.
1896:978-88-8492-568-8
1846:10.1002/asi.21532
1783:Vasilev, Martin.
1647:. Washington DC:
1055:Scholarly article
912:, pamphlets, and
910:technical reports
882:learned societies
876:Presentations at
819:Secondary sources
813:computer software
809:technical reports
746:
745:
659:Scientific method
649:Science education
590:
589:
573:Strategic studies
365:Scientific fields
254:
253:
246:
236:
235:
228:
174:
173:
166:
148:
71:
2700:
2584:Ingelfinger rule
2498:Semantic Scholar
2220:Technical report
2142:Academic journal
2121:
2114:
2107:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2074:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1952:
1935:
1934:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1840:(6): 1130–1145.
1831:
1822:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1660:
1641:
1635:
1634:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1551:
1545:
1544:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1492:
1462:Robert G. Bartle
1314:The transfer of
1206:rhetorical skill
941:applied sciences
929:James G. Speight
857:chemical patents
826:Tertiary sources
738:
731:
724:
710:
709:
708:
695:
694:
654:Research funding
523:Language studies
455:Applied sciences
391:Natural sciences
361:
360:
289:
269:
268:
249:
242:
231:
224:
220:
217:
211:
206:this article by
197:inline citations
184:
183:
176:
169:
162:
158:
155:
149:
147:
106:
82:
74:
63:
41:
40:
33:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2697:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2661:
2600:
2559:Learned society
2522:
2464:
2428:
2385:
2356:Journal ranking
2346:Citation impact
2309:
2244:
2202:Grey literature
2196:
2158:
2130:
2125:
2095:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2075:
2071:
2066:
2062:
2055:10.2514/1.32639
2032:
2031:
2027:
2020:10.1139/l06-901
2004:
2000:
1953:
1938:
1931:10.1139/l07-027
1908:
1904:
1897:
1878:
1871:
1829:
1823:
1819:
1812:
1808:
1798:
1796:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1758:The Write Stuff
1750:
1746:
1739:
1723:
1719:
1672:
1668:
1658:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1631:
1609:
1605:
1582:
1573:
1563:
1561:
1553:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1493:
1484:
1479:
1458:
1430:Grey literature
1411:
1392:Henry Oldenburg
1382:
1376:
1312:
1242:means that the
1232:
1226:
1169:Similarly, the
1114:
1108:
1099:
1089:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1051:
992:pictorial essay
961:
838:
763:social sciences
755:academic papers
742:
706:
704:
689:
684:
683:
639:
638:
629:
628:
624:Research ethics
619:Logical fallacy
609:Reproducibility
604:
603:
592:
591:
428:Anthropological
374:Formal sciences
358:
357:
337:
313:Article indexes
294:
293:
292:
291:
290:
250:
239:
238:
237:
232:
221:
215:
212:
202:Please help to
201:
185:
181:
170:
159:
153:
150:
107:
105:
95:
83:
42:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2706:
2696:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2598:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2530:
2528:
2527:Related topics
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2508:Web of Science
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2478:Google Scholar
2474:
2472:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2429:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2414:Serials crisis
2411:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2393:
2391:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2381:Scientometrics
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2351:Citation index
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2300:Poster session
2297:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2280:
2279:
2278:
2273:
2263:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2189:
2187:Position paper
2184:
2182:Review article
2179:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2155:
2154:
2144:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2101:
2093:
2092:
2069:
2060:
2025:
1998:
1936:
1925:(8): 946–951.
1911:Hubert Chanson
1902:
1895:
1881:Hubert Chanson
1869:
1817:
1806:
1775:
1744:
1737:
1717:
1666:
1636:
1629:
1603:
1571:
1546:
1539:
1519:
1513:
1481:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1473:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1420:Citation index
1417:
1410:
1407:
1375:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1311:
1308:
1252:Web of Science
1228:Main article:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1213:
1197:Interpretation
1194:
1167:
1161:
1154:
1141:
1130:
1110:Main article:
1107:
1104:
1088:
1085:
1068:
1065:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1027:
1026:
1020:
1012:
1005:
996:
987:
984:technical note
980:
974:
960:
957:
918:
917:
914:working papers
906:
903:World Wide Web
899:
885:
874:
866:Edited volumes
863:
860:
849:
837:
834:
775:the literature
744:
743:
741:
740:
733:
726:
718:
715:
714:
686:
685:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
664:Science policy
661:
656:
651:
646:
640:
636:
635:
634:
631:
630:
627:
626:
621:
616:
614:Cognitive bias
611:
605:
599:
598:
597:
594:
593:
588:
587:
586:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
477:
476:
472:
471:
470:
469:
468:
467:
462:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
438:Criminological
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
405:
404:
403:
398:
388:
387:
386:
381:
368:
367:
359:
344:
343:
342:
339:
338:
336:
335:
330:
325:
320:
315:
310:
305:
299:
296:
295:
284:
283:
282:
281:
280:
277:
276:
252:
251:
234:
233:
188:
186:
179:
172:
171:
86:
84:
77:
72:
46:
45:
43:
36:
16:Literary genre
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2705:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2564:Open research
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2388:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Impact factor
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2341:Bibliometrics
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2316:
2312:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Annual report
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2210:Working paper
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2161:
2153:
2152:Public health
2150:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2122:
2117:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2080:
2073:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2017:
2014:(3): iii–vi.
2013:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1906:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1882:
1876:
1874:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1821:
1815:
1810:
1794:
1790:
1789:JEPS Bulletin
1786:
1779:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1740:
1738:9781138842557
1734:
1730:
1729:
1721:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1680:PLOS Medicine
1677:
1670:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1632:
1630:0-7695-2387-0
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1560:
1556:
1550:
1542:
1540:9781118104842
1536:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1516:
1514:9783642386459
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1482:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1406:
1404:
1400:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1381:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1317:
1307:
1305:
1304:open archives
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1218:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1155:
1152:
1148:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1103:
1098:
1094:
1093:Impact factor
1084:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1063:
1056:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
994:
993:
988:
985:
981:
978:
975:
972:
969:
968:
967:
964:
956:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
933:Russell Foote
930:
925:
923:
915:
911:
907:
904:
900:
897:
893:
889:
886:
883:
879:
875:
871:
868:, where each
867:
864:
861:
858:
854:
850:
847:
843:
842:
841:
833:
831:
830:encyclopedias
827:
823:
820:
816:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
789:
787:
783:
778:
776:
772:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
739:
734:
732:
727:
725:
720:
719:
717:
716:
713:
702:
698:
693:
688:
687:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
641:
633:
632:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
606:
602:
596:
595:
584:
581:
579:
578:Urban studies
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
480:
479:
478:
474:
473:
466:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Psychological
411:
410:
409:
406:
402:
401:Life sciences
399:
397:
394:
393:
392:
389:
385:
382:
380:
377:
376:
375:
372:
371:
370:
369:
366:
363:
362:
355:
351:
347:
341:
340:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
300:
298:
297:
288:
279:
278:
275:
271:
270:
265:
264:
258:
248:
245:
230:
227:
219:
216:November 2012
209:
205:
199:
198:
192:
187:
178:
177:
168:
165:
157:
146:
143:
139:
136:
132:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115: –
114:
110:
109:Find sources:
103:
99:
93:
92:
87:This article
85:
81:
76:
75:
70:
68:
61:
60:
55:
54:
49:
44:
35:
34:
29:
22:
2553:
2083:. Retrieved
2072:
2063:
2038:
2035:AIAA Journal
2034:
2028:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1963:(2): 59–74.
1960:
1956:
1922:
1918:
1905:
1885:
1837:
1833:
1820:
1809:
1797:. Retrieved
1793:the original
1788:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1764:(4): 158–160
1761:
1757:
1747:
1727:
1720:
1683:
1679:
1669:
1657:. Retrieved
1639:
1612:
1606:
1592:(7): 522–5.
1589:
1585:
1562:. Retrieved
1558:
1549:
1529:
1522:
1496:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1328:
1324:reproduction
1313:
1243:
1233:
1216:
1196:
1170:
1163:
1157:
1145:
1133:
1125:
1119:
1115:
1100:
1097:Copy editing
1074:
1070:
1041:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1014:
1008:
999:
990:
983:
977:Case reports
976:
970:
965:
962:
926:
919:
839:
824:
817:
799:constitutes
790:
779:
774:
750:
749:
747:
700:
533:Liberal arts
433:Sociological
379:Mathematical
327:
261:
240:
222:
213:
194:
160:
151:
141:
134:
127:
120:
108:
96:Please help
91:verification
88:
64:
57:
51:
50:Please help
47:
2544:Peer review
2424:#ICanHazPDF
2402:Open access
2361:Eigenfactor
2305:Proceedings
2215:White paper
1855:10760/16100
1799:25 February
1768:25 February
1686:(9): E410.
1659:October 15,
1564:November 4,
1284:open access
1264:open source
1262:(and often
1224:Peer review
1067:Preparation
949:mathematics
786:peer review
771:theoretical
637:Instruments
558:Professions
553:War studies
460:Engineering
208:introducing
154:August 2009
2672:Categories
2460:Retraction
2433:Versioning
2326:Altmetrics
2271:Biological
2085:5 December
1456:References
1401:, and his
1378:See also:
1302:data from
1290:(based on
1268:non-profit
1091:See also:
1060:See also:
1016:Editorials
1009:commentary
888:Government
828:encompass
679:Technology
548:Philosophy
538:Literature
508:Humanities
498:Futurology
448:Linguistic
333:Philosophy
328:Literature
318:Glossaries
191:references
124:newspapers
53:improve it
2445:Postprint
2288:Monograph
2240:Lab notes
1977:1043-4046
1477:Footnotes
1321:facsimile
1316:copyright
1288:Unpaywall
1282:and (for
1260:open data
1202:authority
1183:schematic
1077:preprints
791:Original
669:Scientist
423:Political
59:talk page
2518:OpenAlex
2513:Paperity
2440:Preprint
2276:Chemical
2230:Pamphlet
2175:Abstract
2135:Journals
1993:27019082
1985:15905149
1913:(2007).
1883:(2008).
1712:17002510
1653:Archived
1598:18695858
1409:See also
1292:CrossRef
1258:, while
1244:de facto
1151:metadata
1146:abstract
1087:Language
945:preprint
873:content.
782:research
674:Research
563:Religion
465:Medicine
443:Military
418:Economic
396:Physical
384:Computer
308:Category
274:Sciences
2534:Imprint
2455:Erratum
2419:Sci-Hub
2366:h-index
2293:Chapter
2043:Bibcode
1864:5924132
1703:1576334
1464:(1990)
1374:History
1300:OAI-PMH
1286:works)
1272:library
1217:sources
1191:drawing
1187:diagram
1171:results
1158:context
1134:authors
908:Books,
870:chapter
805:Patents
759:natural
503:History
350:Outline
323:History
303:Outline
204:improve
138:scholar
2503:Scopus
2483:AMiner
2266:Patent
2256:Thesis
2163:Papers
1991:
1983:
1975:
1893:
1862:
1735:
1710:
1700:
1627:
1596:
1537:
1511:
1310:Ethics
1256:Scopus
1001:review
703:
701:·
699:
346:Fields
193:, but
140:
133:
126:
119:
111:
2605:Lists
2574:ORCID
2235:Essay
2170:Paper
1989:S2CID
1860:S2CID
1830:(PDF)
1468:from
1355:DHHS.
1210:faith
1208:, or
1179:chart
1175:image
1126:title
1112:IMRAD
1042:Other
543:Music
493:Craft
145:JSTOR
131:books
2493:CORE
2488:BASE
2283:Book
2087:2014
1981:PMID
1973:ISSN
1891:ISBN
1801:2013
1770:2013
1733:ISBN
1708:PMID
1661:2011
1625:ISBN
1594:PMID
1566:2019
1535:ISBN
1509:ISBN
1450:UKSG
1294:and
1280:DOAJ
1276:DOAB
1270:and
1254:and
1238:and
1156:The
1124:The
1095:and
931:and
922:grey
896:NTSB
855:and
807:and
769:and
761:and
483:Arts
354:List
272:The
117:news
2051:doi
2016:doi
1965:doi
1927:doi
1850:hdl
1842:doi
1698:PMC
1688:doi
1617:doi
1501:doi
1306:).
1189:or
1143:An
951:or
528:Law
100:by
2674::
2049:.
2039:45
2037:.
2012:33
2010:.
1987:.
1979:.
1971:.
1961:29
1959:.
1939:^
1923:34
1921:.
1917:.
1872:^
1858:.
1848:.
1838:62
1836:.
1832:.
1787:.
1762:16
1760:.
1756:.
1706:.
1696:.
1682:.
1678:.
1651:.
1623:.
1590:49
1588:.
1574:^
1557:.
1507:,
1485:^
1394:.
1390:,
1278:,
1266:,
1250:,
1204:,
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1007:A
998:A
989:A
982:A
859:).
803:.
352:/
62:.
2597:"
2593:"
2120:e
2113:t
2106:v
2089:.
2057:.
2053::
2045::
2022:.
2018::
1995:.
1967::
1933:.
1929::
1899:.
1866:.
1852::
1844::
1803:.
1772:.
1741:.
1714:.
1690::
1684:3
1663:.
1633:.
1619::
1568:.
1543:.
1503::
1472:.
1212:.
1057:.
1040:"
1033:"
898:.
884:.
848:.
737:e
730:t
723:v
356:)
348:(
247:)
241:(
229:)
223:(
218:)
214:(
200:.
167:)
161:(
156:)
152:(
142:·
135:·
128:·
121:·
94:.
69:)
65:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
