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encouraged them to exercise more, especially by walking. This is attributed to a willingness to venture outdoors facilitated by a sense of independence. Some blind people claim meeting others and socializing is easier with a guide dog, and people are more likely to offer assistance when there is a service animal present. The animals may also lead to increased interactions with other people, providing an easy topic of conversation. Guide dogs may be more deliberate than the use of a long cane when leading their handlers in an unfamiliar place. The animal directs the right path, eliminating the trial and error users may experience with a cane. Some report that guide dogs make the experience of the unknown more relaxing. Many blind people using a guide dog report travel is much faster and safer.
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339:(Northern Ireland) provides for people with disabilities to have the same right to services supplied by shops, banks, hotels, libraries, pubs, taxis, and restaurants as everyone else. Service providers have to make "reasonable adjustments" to accommodate assistance dog owners. Under Part 12 of the EA and part 5 of the DDA, it is illegal for assistance dog owners to be refused access to a taxi or minicab with their assistance dog, but medical exemptions are available if drivers have a certificate from their GPs.
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offers beneficial effects psychologically, socially, and physiologically, and guide dogs are no exception. Some blind people report experiencing increased levels of confidence, a greater sense of security, and a cherished friendship from owning guide dogs. Some also state that owning a guide dog has
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Some schools, such as the Guide Dog
Foundation, have added Standard Poodles to their breed registry. Although German Shepherds were once a common breed used for guide work, many schools have discontinued using these dogs due to the skills and unwavering leadership role required by the handler to keep
346:
countries and Mexico, service animal access depends solely upon the goodwill of the owner or manager. In more tourist-heavy areas, service animals are generally welcomed without problems. In Brazil, however, a 2006 federal decree requires allowance of service animals in all public and open-to-public
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prohibits any business, government agency, or other organization that provides access to the general public from barring service animals, except where their presence would cause a health or safety risk. However, religious organizations are not required to provide such access. Whether service animals
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Owners of guide dogs share a special bond with their animal. Many report that the animal is a member of the family and, often, the handler goes to their animal for comfort and support. The animal is not seen as a working animal, but more as a loyal friend. However, it is important to remember that
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does the directing, based on skills acquired through previous mobility training. The handler might be likened to an aircraft's navigator, who must know how to get from one place to another, and the dog is the pilot, who gets them there safely. In several countries guide dogs, along with most other
164:
returned from
Switzerland after being trained with one of Eustis's dogs, a female German shepherd named Buddy. Frank and Buddy embarked on a publicity tour to convince Americans of the abilities of service animals and the need to allow people with service animals access to public transportation,
243:
354:
In Malta, the Equal
Opportunities Act 2000 (Cap. 413) states that it is illegal to discriminate against a disabled person who needs an assistant, in this case, a service animal. The few exceptions are restaurant kitchens, hospital special wards, toilets and premises where other animals are
203:
was an animal breeder who trained the first guide dogs for the blind used in the United States. Humphrey was hired to breed German shepherds at a centre in
Switzerland that had been set up by Dorothy Harrison Eustis of Philadelphia and began the work that led to the Seeing-Eye Dog program.
298:
Despite regulations or rules that deny access to animals in restaurants and other public places, in many countries, service animals are protected by law and therefore may accompany their handlers most places that are open to the public. Laws and regulations vary worldwide:
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in training have the same rights or not usually falls on each individual state government. Surprisingly, the ADA stipulates the
Veterans Hospitals system does not have to follow these laws and can refuse admittance to military vets with service animals. In addition, the
472:
Since some schools of thought in Islam consider dogs in general to be unclean, Muslim taxi drivers and store owners have sometimes refused to accommodate customers who have service animals, which has led to discrimination charges against them. However, in 2003 the
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People often have misconceptions about guide dogs, including believing they work all the time. In reality, the dogs usually work only when their handler leaves their residence. The handler tells the dog where they want to go, and the dogs are taught
116:: "Even the blind men's dogs appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would wag their tails as though they said, 'No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master!
222:
and
Emanuel Georg Sarris. They studied the value of service animals and introduced advanced methods of training. There have also been important studies into the discrimination experienced by people that use service and assistance animals.
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erupted in 79 CE. This and other visual depictions indicate that dogs have been common companions for the blind for thousands of years. Additional material evidence would be required to positively assess their use specifically as guides.
269:
The most popular breed used globally today is the
Labrador Retriever. This breed has a good range of size, is easily kept due to its short coat, is generally healthy and has a gentle but willing temperament. Crosses such as the
180:
The first service animals in Great
Britain were German Shepherds. Four of these first were Flash, Judy, Meta, and Folly, who were handed over to their new owners, veterans blinded in World War I, on 6 October 1931 in
100:
References to service animals date at least as far back as the mid-16th century. The second line of the popular verse alphabet "A was an Archer" is most commonly "B was a Blind-man/Led by a dog". In
207:
The first dogs produced at the centre, known as
Fortunate Fields, were used for military and police work and for tracking missing persons. Then Humphrey trained German shepherds to guide the blind.
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1949:
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540:
1985:
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477:, a British organization that provides non-binding guidance on interpreting Islamic religious law, ruled that the ban on dogs does not apply to those used for guide work.
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Evidence suggests that dogs may have been used as guides for the visually impaired based on depictions of a blind-man being guided by his dog on the wall of a house in
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The
Germans had developed a guide dog program during World War I, but Mr. Humphrey devised different procedures and it is his that are followed in the United States.
1965:
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1975:
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139:, to enhance the mobility of returning veterans who were blinded in combat. Interest in service animals outside of Germany did not become widespread until
422:
In Russia, service animals are allowed anywhere that the general public is allowed. Guide dogs are exempt from the fare charges in public transportation.
882:
2006:
1010:
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In South Korea, it is illegal to deny access to service animals in any areas that are open to the public. Violators are fined no more than 2 million
1490:"Act to secure handicapped persons in the exercise of their rights with a view to achieving social, school and workplace integration, CQLR c E-20.1"
1757:
908:
317:
110:, the title character remarks, "The blind man walks wherever the dog pulls / And so I answered." Guide dogs are also mentioned in Charles Dickens'
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of Minnesota was paired with a service animal imported from Germany, who was trained by the owner of LaSalle Kennels, Jack Sinykin of Minnesota.
312:
requires that landlords allow tenants to have service animals, as well as other types of assistance animals, in residences that normally have a
416:
In Portugal, service animals are allowed anywhere that the general public is allowed. The Law - Decreto-Lei n.74/2007 - Establish their rights.
80:
service and hearing dogs, are exempt from regulations against the presence of animals in places such as restaurants and public transportation.
1980:
321:
274:(Golden Retriever/Labrador), combine the sensitivity of the Golden Retriever and the tolerance of the Labrador Retriever. Also common are
1818:
1032:
800:
2169:
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1607:, s.v. "Dogs in the Islamic Tradition and Nature." New York: Continuum International, forthcoming 2004. By: Dr. Khaled Abou El Fadl
878:
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G. A. Fishman, "When your eyes have a wet nose: the evolution of the use of guide dogs and establishing the seeing eye",
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143:, an American dog breeder living in Switzerland, wrote a first-hand account about a service animal training school in
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In Canada, service animals are allowed anywhere that the general public is allowed. Service Animal laws by province:
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in Great Britain began operation, although their first permanent trainer was a Russian military officer, Captain
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Important studies on the behaviour and training methods of service animals were done in the 1920s and 1930s by
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2001:
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88:
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guide dogs are working animals and should not be distracted or treated as a pet while they are on duty.
392:
Ontario: Blind Persons' Rights Act, Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act, Human Rights Code
362:
protects service animals handlers. Each state and territory has its own laws, which may differ slightly.
67:
people around obstacles. Although dogs can be trained to navigate various obstacles, they are red–green
2905:
2746:
2683:
2399:
2316:
2108:
1944:
1856:
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680:
101:
723:
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1663:... guide dogs can accompany disabled people into restaurants or taxis managed or driven by Muslims.
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149:
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2209:
2184:
1617:
582:
511:
325:
309:
266:, and Golden Retriever/Labrador crosses are most likely to be chosen by service animal facilities.
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3600:
3149:
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2736:
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2323:
2270:
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140:
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278:, i.e., Labrador/Poodles, are bred to help reduce allergens as all breeds shed but levels vary.
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1897:
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1714:
Joy-Taub Miner, Rachel (Winter 2001). "The experience of living with and using a guide dog".
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8:
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In Switzerland, service animals are allowed anywhere that the general public is allowed.
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1892:
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The service animal movement did not take hold in America until Nashville resident
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hotels, and other areas open to the public. In 1929, Eustis and Frank co-founded
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1909:
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432:
398:
Quebec: Individuals with Disabilities Act, Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms
166:
128:
60:
20:
1695:
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3123:
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1904:
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343:
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Guide dog breeds are chosen for temperament and trainability. At the moment
602: – Working dog trained to aid or assist an individual with a disability
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2083:
161:
106:
44:
3676:
940:
UexkĂĽll, Jakob; Sarris, Emanuel Georg (1931). "Der FĂĽhrhund der Blinden".
135:
The first service dog training schools were established in Germany during
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2539:
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2458:
2333:
1785:
1682:
Whitmarsh, Lorraine (April 2005). "The Benefits of Guide Dog Ownership".
614:
599:
588:
514:—blocking the handler from proceeding when there is an unsafe situation.
275:
136:
124:
72:
68:
1427:"Accessibility for Ontarians With Disabilities Act, 2005, SO 2005, c 11"
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was created from a revision of this article dated 9 March 2006
441:
380:
Newfoundland & Labrador: Blind Persons' Rights Act, Human Rights Act
37:
3595:
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3317:
3022:
2997:
2810:
2755:
2561:
2446:
2328:
2143:
1841:
1827:
763:. Jewish War Veterans of the United States of America. 1938. p. 7.
608:
186:
174:
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2790:
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2655:
2590:
2549:
2527:
2512:
2473:
2128:
641:"Seeing-eye dog definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary"
3651:
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3070:
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2977:
2972:
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2915:
2827:
2800:
2585:
2554:
2423:
2260:
963:"What breeds of dog are used for guide dogs? - Service Dog Central"
939:
909:"Elliott Humphrey, 92; Pioneered in Tutoring of Guide Dogs in U.s."
374:
Manitoba: The Human Rights Code, The Service Animals Protection Act
316:
policy and that no extra fees may be charged for such tenants. The
271:
182:
93:
3476:
3198:
1986:
International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
757:"Twin-Cities Jew First in America to Train Dogs to Lead the Blind"
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2599:
2575:
2566:
2522:
2502:
2495:
2441:
1939:
828:"Dog walk marks 80th anniversary of first guide dogs in Wallasey"
16:
Assistance dog trained to lead visually impaired around obstacles
242:
48:
A blind woman learns to use her guide dog in a test environment.
3697:
3633:
3344:
2638:
2544:
2517:
2463:
1745:
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has developed a program that trains service animals to ride it.
259:
1786:"Legal information about service animals in the United States"
32:
3671:
3628:
3391:
3354:
3349:
3250:
2626:
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76:
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investigates complaints from the public alleging denials of
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1489:
1468:
1447:
1426:
1384:
1363:
1342:
1321:
1300:
1216:
1195:
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and his guide dog, Desilu, whom he received in January 2011
1773:
1618:"Muslim Cab Drivers Refuse to Transport Alcohol, and Dogs"
1279:
1258:
1237:
1174:
1153:
231:
3416:
3267:
2485:
2415:
1405:
1574:"Euroacessibilidade - Acessibilidade em Estado de SĂtio"
957:
955:
745:(2nd ed.). University Press of America. p. 20.
386:
Nova Scotia: Blind Persons' Rights Act, Human Rights Act
3401:
2384:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1532:"The Saskatchewan Human Rights Code, SS 1979, c S-24.1"
679:
604:
Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
1709:
1707:
1705:
1976:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
952:
722:
Magazine, Smithsonian; Eschner, Kat (7 August 2017).
611: – Distinctive cane used in walking by the blind
591: – Equine service animal assisting blind persons
1668:
368:
Alberta: Blind Persons' Rights Act, Service Dogs Act
189:. Judy's new owner was Musgrave Frankland. In 1934,
1702:
1511:"Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms, CQLR c C-12"
1107:
Ministry for Justice, Culture, and Local Government
801:"Guide Dog Users of Canada - History of Guide Dogs"
743:
Love in the Lead: The Miracle of the Seeing Eye Dog
740:
585: – Animal that provides psychological relief
480:
3836:
1238:"The Service Animals Protection Act, CCSM c S90"
869:
867:
318:U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
1196:"Guide Dog and Service Dog Act, SBC 2015, c 17"
1031:. Portal.hud.gov. 13 March 1991. Archived from
721:
153:in 1927. That same year, United States Senator
1713:
617: – Dog trained to perform practical tasks
23:. For the UK charity known as Guide Dogs, see
3492:
3214:
2400:
1981:Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons
1812:
1280:"Blind Persons' Rights Act, RSNL 1990, c B-4"
864:
1649:. MEN Media. 1 February 2003. Archived from
1406:"Blind Persons' Rights Act, RSO 1990, c B.7"
1343:"Blind Persons' Rights Act, RSNS 1989, c 40"
1301:"Human Rights Act, 2010, SNL 2010, c H-13.1"
1154:"Blind Persons' Rights Act, RSA 2000, c B-3"
322:Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity
246:Labrador guide dog standing with its handler
985:"PetProject.HK: Things for Pets, Delivered"
803:. Guide Dog Users of Canada. Archived from
3499:
3485:
3221:
3207:
2407:
2393:
2369:
2170:Augmentative and alternative communication
1819:
1805:
704:, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 452–458, Jul. 2003,
664:
1681:
1109:. Malta Justice Services. 1 October 2000
1011:"Get a Guide Dog - Guide Dog Foundation"
906:
879:The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association
667:The Webster Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes
566:, and does not reflect subsequent edits.
549:
484:
289:
241:
230:
191:The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association
87:
43:
31:
25:The Guide Dogs for the Blind Association
3789:International Federation of Pedestrians
2205:Disproportionality in special education
1758:"Directory of membership organizations"
1635:
383:Northwest Territories: Human Rights Act
36:A blind man is led by his guide dog in
3837:
1469:"Human Rights Act, RSPEI 1988, c H-12"
875:"The History of Guide Dogs in Britain"
715:
665:Opie, Iona (1952). Opie, Peter (ed.).
395:Prince Edward Island: Human Rights Act
328:requests involving assistance animals.
282:the breed active and non-destructive.
3480:
3202:
2388:
1800:
1643:"Guide dogs not haram, rules Shariah"
1448:"Human Rights Code, RSO 1990, c H.19"
1259:"Human Rights Act, RSNB 1973, c H-11"
1774:"International Guide Dog Federation"
1596:
1364:"Human Rights Act, RSNS 1989, c 214"
1217:"The Human Rights Code, CCSM c H175"
1175:"Service Dogs Act, SA 2007, c S-7.5"
1129:"Disability Discrimination Act 1992"
907:Treaster, Joseph B. (11 June 1981).
436:
3506:
3228:
2312:Disability in children's literature
1604:Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
1553:"Human Rights Act, RSY 2002, c 116"
1322:"Human Rights Act, SNWT 2002, c 18"
13:
2175:Emotional or behavioral disability
1385:"Human Rights Act, SNu 2003, c 12"
1103:"Laws of Malta, Page 13, Cap. 413"
825:
669:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
536:
371:British Columbia: Guide Animal Act
360:Disability Discrimination Act 1992
337:Disability Discrimination Act 1995
92:A blind man with his guide dog in
14:
3866:
3784:International charter for walking
1738:
426:
294:A guide dog-in-training in Israel
55:(colloquially known in the US as
3425:
3182:
3173:
3172:
2368:
2359:
2358:
1744:
1029:"People with Disabilities - HUD"
690:. Vol. ll. pp. 1028–9.
548:
440:
285:
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1095:
1073:
1047:
1021:
1003:
977:
933:
900:
845:
819:
724:"The Cuddly Tail of Guide Dogs"
401:Saskatchewan: Human Rights Code
377:New Brunswick: Human Rights Act
335:(England, Scotland, Wales) and
305:Americans with Disabilities Act
197:, who moved to the UK in 1933.
2190:Disability and LGBT identities
1826:
793:
767:
749:
734:
694:
673:
658:
633:
481:Benefits of owning a guide dog
71:and incapable of interpreting
1:
2002:Services for mental disorders
710:10.1016/S0039-6257(03)00052-3
626:
497:Studies show owning a pet or
3451:List of domesticated animals
2007:Services for disabled people
1762:Assistance Dog International
741:Putnam, Peter Brock (1997).
104:'s 19th-century verse novel
7:
3751:Pedestrian circumnavigators
3035:List of longest-living dogs
2290:Arts, media, culture, sport
681:Barrett Browning, Elizabeth
517:
213:
10:
3871:
3008:Origin of the domestic dog
2906:Breed-specific legislation
2747:Psychiatric assistance dog
2317:Disability in horror films
2109:Activities of daily living
1684:Visual Impairment Research
1578:www.euroacessibilidade.com
430:
331:In the United Kingdom the
303:In the United States, the
102:Elizabeth Barrett Browning
83:
18:
3809:Walk Safely to School Day
3774:
3743:
3685:
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2422:
2354:
2289:
2223:
2162:
2096:
2061:
2015:
1994:
1958:
1932:
1925:
1865:
1834:
1696:10.1080/13882350590956439
886:(Microsoft Word document)
645:www.collinsdictionary.com
595:List of guide dog schools
389:Nunavut: Human Rights Act
226:
150:The Saturday Evening Post
63:trained to lead blind or
19:For the music album, see
3611:Walking distance measure
2414:
2210:Sexuality and disability
2185:Disability and disasters
2097:Structural and assistive
583:Emotional support animal
512:intelligent disobedience
326:reasonable accommodation
147:, that was published in
3819:Walking Artists Network
3799:National Pedestrian Day
3703:Long-distance footpaths
3601:Preferred walking speed
3150:List of individual dogs
3145:Domesticated silver fox
2737:Mobility assistance dog
2324:Disability in the media
2195:Disability and religion
2134:Personal Care Assistant
855:(subscription required)
781:. Vanderbilt University
702:Survey of Ophthalmology
404:Yukon: Human Rights Act
141:Dorothy Harrison Eustis
3155:List of fictional dogs
2469:Livestock guardian dog
2307:Disability in the arts
2200:Disability and poverty
2139:Physical accessibility
775:"Through Buddy's Eyes"
544:
524:Listen to this article
494:
475:Islamic Sharia Council
349:Federal District Metro
295:
247:
239:
173:(relocated in 1931 to
97:
49:
41:
3446:Human uses of animals
3323:Search and rescue dog
2823:Search and rescue dog
1898:driver rehabilitation
967:servicedogcentral.org
543:
488:
431:Further information:
293:
245:
234:
91:
47:
35:
3313:Military working dog
2878:Dog–cat relationship
2725:Medical response dog
2231:Models of disability
2215:Youth and disability
2180:Invisible disability
2129:Orthotics and braces
2114:Assistive technology
1926:Rights, law, support
1753:at Wikimedia Commons
1083:. Legislation.gov.uk
888:on 21 September 2013
861:at exacteditions.com
728:Smithsonian Magazine
575:More spoken articles
489:Social psychologist
171:Nashville, Tennessee
3657:Pedestrian crossing
2669:List of crossbreeds
2432:African village dog
1883:Learning disability
1768:on 27 October 2011.
1653:on 12 November 2012
1081:"Equality Act 2010"
1055:"Equality Act 2010"
201:Elliott S. Humphrey
3662:Pedestrian village
2297:Disability culture
2224:Disability studies
2119:Independent living
1847:Disability studies
973:on 3 October 2020.
912:The New York Times
807:on 4 November 2016
761:The Jewish Veteran
545:
495:
452:. You can help by
358:In Australia, the
296:
248:
240:
238:guide dogs resting
236:Labrador Retriever
98:
50:
42:
3832:
3831:
3555:Walker (mobility)
3474:
3473:
3196:
3195:
3076:Rabies in animals
3003:Human–canine bond
2581:Bull-type terrier
2382:
2381:
2251:Neuroqueer theory
2154:Web accessibility
2104:Accessible toilet
2092:
2091:
1945:Disability rights
1940:Ableism/disablism
1749:Media related to
1133:www.comlaw.gov.au
1061:on 25 August 2015
541:
470:
469:
333:Equality Act 2010
252:Golden Retrievers
220:Jakob von UexkĂĽll
113:A Christmas Carol
65:visually impaired
3862:
3516:Aids, groups and
3501:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3429:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3186:
3176:
3175:
2953:Dogs in religion
2816:usage by country
2437:Free-ranging dog
2409:
2402:
2395:
2386:
2385:
2372:
2371:
2362:
2361:
2344:Special Olympics
2236:Inspiration porn
2149:Universal design
1950:Pejorative terms
1930:
1929:
1893:Physical therapy
1821:
1814:
1807:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1781:
1769:
1764:. Archived from
1748:
1732:
1731:
1711:
1700:
1699:
1679:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1658:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1614:
1608:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1580:. Archived from
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1475:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1456:
1454:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1402:
1396:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1297:
1291:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1213:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1150:
1144:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1125:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1088:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1057:. Archived from
1051:
1045:
1044:
1042:
1040:
1025:
1019:
1018:
1015:www.guidedog.org
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
987:. Archived from
981:
975:
974:
969:. Archived from
959:
950:
949:
948:(51): 1014–1016.
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
904:
898:
897:
895:
893:
887:
881:. Archived from
871:
862:
859:The London Paper
856:
849:
843:
842:
840:
838:
823:
817:
816:
814:
812:
797:
791:
790:
788:
786:
771:
765:
764:
753:
747:
746:
738:
732:
731:
719:
713:
698:
692:
691:
677:
671:
670:
662:
656:
655:
653:
651:
637:
605:
565:
563:
552:
551:
542:
532:
530:
525:
465:
462:
444:
437:
310:Fair Housing Act
264:German Shepherds
195:Nikolai Liakhoff
155:Thomas D. Schall
145:Potsdam, Germany
119:
3870:
3869:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3850:Assistance dogs
3835:
3834:
3833:
3828:
3776:
3770:
3739:
3681:
3667:Pedestrian zone
3621:
3620:Environment and
3615:
3591:Knuckle-walking
3569:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3475:
3470:
3461:Military animal
3430:
3421:
3232:
3230:Working animals
3227:
3197:
3192:
3164:
3133:
3100:
3017:
2888:
2882:
2837:
2693:
2674:Mixed-breed dog
2650:
2418:
2413:
2383:
2378:
2350:
2285:
2219:
2158:
2088:
2062:Activist groups
2057:
2011:
1990:
1954:
1921:
1861:
1830:
1825:
1784:
1772:
1756:
1741:
1736:
1735:
1712:
1703:
1680:
1669:
1656:
1654:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1585:
1584:on 31 July 2007
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1336:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1294:
1284:
1282:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1221:
1219:
1215:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1158:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1137:
1135:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1112:
1110:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1086:
1084:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1038:
1036:
1035:on 20 June 2016
1027:
1026:
1022:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
983:
982:
978:
961:
960:
953:
938:
934:
924:
922:
905:
901:
891:
889:
885:
873:
872:
865:
854:
850:
846:
836:
834:
826:Hughes, Lorna.
824:
820:
810:
808:
799:
798:
794:
784:
782:
779:Vanderbilt News
773:
772:
768:
755:
754:
750:
739:
735:
720:
716:
699:
695:
678:
674:
663:
659:
649:
647:
639:
638:
634:
629:
603:
579:
578:
567:
561:
559:
556:This audio file
553:
546:
537:
534:
528:
527:
523:
520:
483:
466:
460:
457:
450:needs expansion
435:
429:
288:
229:
216:
117:
86:
61:assistance dogs
57:seeing-eye dogs
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3830:
3829:
3827:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3747:
3745:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3715:Nordic walking
3712:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3643:
3638:
3637:
3636:
3625:
3623:
3622:infrastructure
3617:
3616:
3614:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3535:Crossing guard
3532:
3527:
3521:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3489:
3481:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:Related topics
3435:
3432:
3431:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3388:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3273:Assistance dog
3265:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3256:Bactrian camel
3248:
3243:
3241:Asian elephant
3237:
3234:
3233:
3226:
3225:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3180:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3119:Crate training
3116:
3110:
3108:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3091:Skin disorders
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2896:Animal testing
2892:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2847:
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2835:
2830:
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2820:
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2808:
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2798:
2793:
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2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2705:Assistance dog
2701:
2699:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2691:
2686:
2684:Extinct breeds
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:List of breeds
2660:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2643:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2493:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2456:
2451:
2450:
2449:
2444:
2434:
2428:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2397:
2389:
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2347:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2326:
2321:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2304:
2302:Disability art
2299:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2131:
2126:
2121:
2116:
2111:
2106:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2065:
2063:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1960:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1936:
1934:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1900:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1869:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1860:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1831:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1782:
1770:
1754:
1740:
1739:External links
1737:
1734:
1733:
1701:
1667:
1634:
1609:
1595:
1565:
1544:
1523:
1502:
1481:
1460:
1439:
1418:
1397:
1376:
1355:
1334:
1313:
1292:
1271:
1250:
1229:
1208:
1187:
1166:
1145:
1120:
1094:
1072:
1046:
1020:
1002:
991:on 12 May 2015
976:
951:
932:
899:
863:
844:
832:Liverpool Echo
818:
792:
766:
748:
733:
714:
693:
672:
657:
631:
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625:
624:
623:
618:
612:
606:
597:
592:
586:
568:
554:
547:
535:
522:
521:
519:
516:
499:therapy animal
491:Elliot Aronson
482:
479:
468:
467:
447:
445:
433:Islam and dogs
428:
427:Discrimination
425:
424:
423:
420:
417:
414:
407:
406:
405:
402:
399:
396:
393:
390:
387:
384:
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375:
372:
369:
363:
356:
352:
344:South American
340:
329:
287:
284:
228:
225:
215:
212:
167:The Seeing Eye
127:, buried when
85:
82:
21:Seeing Eye Dog
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3867:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3840:
3825:
3824:Walking audit
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3777:and campaigns
3773:
3767:
3766:Slow marathon
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Pedestrianism
3754:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3725:Speed walking
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3641:Drovers' road
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3627:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3566:
3565:Walking stick
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3509:
3502:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3483:
3482:
3479:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:Water buffalo
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3278:Detection dog
3276:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3266:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3253:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3231:
3224:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3179:
3171:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3160:Lists of dogs
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3130:
3129:Socialization
3127:
3125:
3124:Housebreaking
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3103:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3081:Rage syndrome
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3032:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
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2958:Dogs in space
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2861:Body language
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2851:Communication
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2781:Detection dog
2779:
2777:
2776:Companion dog
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2163:Social issues
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1905:Special needs
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1888:Mainstreaming
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1852:Medical model
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621:Pet insurance
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448:This section
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286:Accessibility
283:
279:
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66:
62:
58:
54:
46:
39:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3804:New Urbanism
3735:Walking tour
3710:Mall walking
3586:Hand walking
3544:
3380:Riding horse
3292:
3086:Reproduction
3056:Conformation
2998:Fear of dogs
2948:Dog grooming
2941:2007 recalls
2926:Dog fighting
2873:Intelligence
2786:Fighting dog
2766:Carriage dog
2714:
2689:Most popular
2646:Turnspit dog
2454:Hairless dog
2266:Anthropology
2256:Deaf studies
2246:Crip as verb
2124:Mobility aid
2084:Reach Canada
1857:Social model
1789:
1777:
1766:the original
1761:
1719:
1715:
1690:(1): 27–42.
1687:
1683:
1662:
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1651:the original
1646:
1637:
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1621:
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1598:
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979:
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966:
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911:
902:
892:26 September
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883:the original
858:
847:
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805:the original
795:
783:. Retrieved
778:
769:
760:
751:
742:
736:
727:
717:
701:
696:
688:
685:Aurora Leigh
684:
675:
666:
660:
648:. Retrieved
644:
635:
508:
504:
496:
471:
458:
454:adding to it
449:
347:places. The
313:
297:
280:
276:Labradoodles
268:
249:
217:
209:
206:
199:
179:
162:Morris Frank
159:
148:
134:
122:
111:
107:Aurora Leigh
105:
99:
73:street signs
69:colour blind
56:
52:
51:
29:
3794:Metrominuto
3775:Initiatives
3761:Racewalking
3720:Shatapawali
3606:Walkability
3560:Walking bus
3540:Dog walking
3530:Baby walker
3466:Pack animal
3385:Stock horse
3365:Guide horse
3360:Draft horse
3338:Therapy dog
3328:Service dog
3303:Hunting dog
3298:Herding dog
3283:Draught dog
3246:Bali cattle
3096:Vaccination
2993:Dog walking
2963:Dog licence
2936:dog biscuit
2921:Dog daycare
2911:Cynanthropy
2889:interaction
2742:Therapy dog
2730:Seizure dog
2720:Hearing dog
2481:Hunting dog
2459:Herding dog
2339:Paralympics
2334:Deaflympics
2144:Prosthetics
1835:Main topics
1778:igdf.org.uk
1588:25 February
1222:29 February
1138:25 February
1113:25 February
942:Die Umschau
650:1 September
615:Working dog
600:Service dog
589:Guide horse
258:, Standard
137:World War I
125:Herculaneum
3845:Guide dogs
3839:Categories
3648:/Promenade
3596:Pedestrian
3581:Dromomania
3370:Pack horse
3318:Police dog
2988:Dog sports
2811:Police dog
2756:Attack dog
2710:Autism dog
2679:Crossbreed
2562:Sighthound
2540:Scenthound
2447:Street dog
2329:Parasports
1866:Approaches
1842:Disability
1828:Disability
1751:Guide dogs
1647:Asian News
811:3 November
627:References
609:White cane
571:Audio help
562:2006-03-09
461:April 2024
411:Korean Won
187:Merseyside
175:New Jersey
169:school in
53:Guide dogs
3855:Blindness
3814:Walkathon
3730:Strolling
3677:XiaolĂĽren
3646:Esplanade
3550:Pedometer
3545:Guide dog
3518:equipment
3456:Livestock
3308:Mercy dog
3293:Guide dog
3288:Guard dog
3261:Dromedary
2983:Dog theft
2887:Human–dog
2806:Mercy dog
2791:Guard dog
2771:Catch dog
2715:Guide dog
2591:Schnauzer
2550:Coonhound
2528:Water dog
2513:Retriever
2474:Sheep dog
2276:Education
2271:Geography
1915:education
1878:Inclusion
1790:usdoj.gov
1728:222961252
925:20 August
920:0362-4331
687:, Book V.
256:Labradors
40:, Brazil.
3652:Footpath
3574:Concepts
3525:Bematist
3407:Reindeer
3375:Pit pony
3333:Sled dog
3178:Category
3106:Training
3066:Dog food
3061:Diseases
3046:Breeding
2978:Dog show
2973:Dog park
2968:Dog meat
2931:Dog food
2916:Dog bite
2843:Behavior
2828:Sled dog
2801:Meat dog
2586:Pinscher
2555:Foxhound
2364:Category
2281:Journals
2261:Eugenics
2241:Bodymind
2048:Students
1995:Services
1724:ProQuest
1622:ABC News
573: ·
518:See also
342:In most
272:Goldador
214:Research
183:Wallasey
129:Vesuvius
94:Montreal
38:BrasĂlia
3693:Flâneur
3686:Leisure
3510:culture
3508:Walking
3138:Related
3114:Clicker
3041:Anatomy
3013:Therapy
2901:Baiting
2866:Howling
2856:Barking
2833:War dog
2796:Lap dog
2761:Bay dog
2634:Toy dog
2605:Bulldog
2600:Mastiff
2576:Terrier
2567:Longdog
2523:Spaniel
2508:Pointer
2503:Gun dog
2496:Lurcher
2442:Pye-dog
2016:Support
1716:RE:view
1627:6 March
1558:20 June
1537:20 June
1516:20 June
1495:20 June
1474:20 June
1453:20 June
1432:20 June
1411:20 June
1390:20 June
1369:20 June
1348:20 June
1327:20 June
1306:20 June
1285:20 June
1264:20 June
1243:20 June
1201:20 June
1180:20 June
1159:20 June
1087:17 June
1039:17 June
995:16 June
852:Article
837:17 June
785:19 June
560: (
531:minutes
314:No Pets
260:Poodles
84:History
3698:Hiking
3634:Ginnel
3345:Donkey
3188:Portal
3023:Health
2656:Breeds
2639:Bichon
2545:Basset
2518:Setter
2464:Collie
1933:Rights
1910:school
1726:
1065:16 May
918:
227:Breeds
96:, 1941
75:. The
59:) are
3744:Sport
3672:Stile
3629:Alley
3392:Llama
3355:Horse
3350:Gayal
3251:Camel
3031:Aging
2698:Roles
2627:Tugou
2622:Laika
2617:Husky
2612:Spitz
2535:Hound
2491:Feist
2424:Types
2374:Lists
2079:MINDS
1722:(4).
1657:4 May
355:kept.
77:human
3397:Mule
3071:Odor
3051:Coat
2416:Dogs
2053:CNIB
2038:SSDI
2033:Rail
2028:ODSP
1966:AODA
1659:2012
1629:2021
1590:2016
1560:2019
1539:2019
1518:2019
1497:2019
1476:2019
1455:2019
1434:2019
1413:2019
1392:2019
1371:2019
1350:2019
1329:2019
1308:2019
1287:2019
1266:2019
1245:2019
1224:2016
1203:2019
1182:2019
1161:2019
1140:2016
1115:2016
1089:2016
1067:2015
1041:2016
997:2017
927:2019
916:ISSN
894:2012
839:2016
813:2016
787:2021
652:2019
3417:Yak
3268:Dog
2486:Cur
2074:DPI
2069:CCD
2043:SSI
2023:DLA
1971:ADA
1959:Law
1873:IEP
1692:doi
706:doi
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