PDF - Knowledge

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file, providing a vector for attack. If a malicious web page contains an infected PDF file that takes advantage of a vulnerability in the PDF reader, the system may be compromised even if the browser is secure. Some of these vulnerabilities are a result of the PDF standard allowing PDF documents to be scripted with JavaScript. Disabling JavaScript execution in the PDF reader can help mitigate such future exploits, although it does not protect against exploits in other parts of the PDF viewing software. Security experts say that JavaScript is not essential for a PDF reader and that the security benefit that comes from disabling JavaScript outweighs any compatibility issues caused. One way of avoiding PDF file exploits is to have a local or web service convert files to another format before viewing.

1782:(external XML Forms Data Format Specification, Version 2.0; supported since PDF 1.5; it replaced the "XML" form submission format defined in PDF 1.4) the XML version of Forms Data Format, but the XFDF implements only a subset of FDF containing forms and annotations. Some entries in the FDF dictionary do not have XFDF equivalents – such as the Status, Encoding, JavaScript, Page's keys, EmbeddedFDFs, Differences, and Target. In addition, XFDF does not allow the spawning, or addition, of new pages based on the given data; as can be done when using an FDF file. The XFDF specification is referenced (but not included) in PDF 1.5 specification (and in later versions). It is described separately in 558:, so there was no need to support anything other than consecutive rendering of pages. If there was an error in the final printed output, the user would correct it at the application level and send a new print job in the form of an entirely new PostScript file. Thus, any given page in a PostScript file could be accurately rendered only as the cumulative result of executing all preceding commands to draw all previous pages—any of which could affect subsequent pages—plus the commands to draw that particular page, and there was no easy way to bypass that process to skip around to different pages. 1786:. The PDF 1.4 specification allowed form submissions in XML format, but this was replaced by submissions in XFDF format in the PDF 1.5 specification. XFDF conforms to the XML standard. XFDF can be used in the same way as FDF; e.g., form data is submitted to a server, modifications are made, then sent back and the new form data is imported in an interactive form. It can also be used to export form data to stand-alone files that can be imported back into the corresponding PDF interactive form. As of August 2019, XFDF 3.0 is an ISO/IEC standard under the formal name 8390: 5869: 908: 1699:

displayed and printed (what most people consider a PDF document). The tags view is what screen readers and other assistive technologies use to deliver high-quality navigation and reading experience to users with disabilities. The content view is based on the physical order of objects within the PDF's content stream and may be displayed by software that does not fully support the tags' view, such as the Reflow feature in Adobe's Reader.

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throughout the PDF file. Linearized PDF files (also called "optimized" or "web optimized" PDF files) are constructed in a manner that enables them to be read in a Web browser plugin without waiting for the entire file to download, since all objects required for the first page to display are optimally organized at the start of the file. PDF files may be optimized using

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The addition of transparency to PDF was done by means of new extensions that were designed to be ignored in products written to PDF 1.3 and earlier specifications. As a result, files that use a small amount of transparency might be viewed acceptably by older viewers, but files making extensive use of transparency could be viewed incorrectly by an older viewer.

1661:(XMP) to add XML standards-based extensible metadata as used in other file formats. PDF 2.0 allows metadata to be attached to any object in the document, such as information about embedded illustrations, fonts, and images, as well as the whole document (attaching to the document catalog), using an extensible schema. 1485:. Technically speaking, tagged PDF is a stylized use of the format that builds on the logical structure framework introduced in PDF 1.3. Tagged PDF defines a set of standard structure types and attributes that allow page content (text, graphics, and images) to be extracted and reused for other purposes. 1775:

based on PDF, uses the same syntax and has essentially the same file structure, but is much simpler than PDF since the body of an FDF document consists of only one required object. Forms Data Format is defined in the PDF specification (since PDF 1.2). The Forms Data Format can be used when submitting

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JavaScript). Alongside the standard PDF action types, interactive forms (AcroForms) support submitting, resetting, and importing data. The "submit" action transmits the names and values of selected interactive form fields to a specified uniform resource locator (URL). Interactive form field names and

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fields. The user password encrypts the file, while the owner password does not, instead relying on client software to respect these restrictions. An owner password can easily be removed by software, including some free online services. Thus, the use restrictions that a document author places on a PDF

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With the introduction of PDF version 1.5 (2003) came the concept of Layers. Layers, more formally known as Optional Content Groups (OCGs), refer to sections of content in a PDF document that can be selectively viewed or hidden by document authors or viewers. This capability is useful in CAD drawings,

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The concept of a transparency group in PDF specification is independent of existing notions of "group" or "layer" in applications such as Adobe Illustrator. Those groupings reflect logical relationships among objects that are meaningful when editing those objects, but they are not part of the imaging

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operating systems, fonts using these encodings work equally well on any platform.) PDF can specify a predefined encoding to use, the font's built-in encoding or provide a lookup table of differences to a predefined or built-in encoding (not recommended with TrueType fonts). The encoding mechanisms in

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similar to PostScript, where each object drawn on the page completely replaced anything previously marked in the same location. In PDF 1.4 the imaging model was extended to allow transparency. When transparency is used, new objects interact with previously marked objects to produce blending effects.

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One of the significant challenges with PDF accessibility is that PDF documents have three distinct views, which, depending on the document's creation, can be inconsistent with each other. The three views are (i) the physical view, (ii) the tags view, and (iii) the content view. The physical view is

833:, which have the form of a standard stream object, possibly with filters applied. Such a stream may be used instead of the ASCII cross-reference table and contains the offsets and other information in binary format. The format is flexible in that it allows for integer width specification (using the 2218:

web browser. System-level support for PDF allows macOS applications to create PDF documents automatically, provided they support the OS-standard printing architecture. The files are then exported in PDF 1.3 format according to the file header. When taking a screenshot under Mac OS X versions 10.0

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From time to time, new vulnerabilities are discovered in various versions of Adobe Reader, prompting the company to issue security fixes. Other PDF readers are also susceptible. One aggravating factor is that a PDF reader can be configured to start automatically if a web page has an embedded PDF

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ISO published version 2.0 of PDF, ISO 32000-2 in 2017, available for purchase, replacing the free specification provided by Adobe. In December 2020, the second edition of PDF 2.0, ISO 32000-2:2020, was published, with clarifications, corrections, and critical updates to normative references (ISO

1816:(XFA). Adobe XFA Forms are not compatible with ISO 32000's AcroForms feature, and most PDF processors do not handle XFA content. The XFA specification is referenced from ISO 32000-1/PDF 1.7 as an external proprietary specification and was entirely deprecated from PDF with ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0). 1716:

is a PDF file including interactive content that can be embedded or linked within the file. It can contain images, audio, video content, or buttons. For example, if the interactive PDF is a digital catalog for an E-commerce business, products can be listed on the PDF pages and can be added with

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Basically, it consists of an Optional Content Properties Dictionary added to the document root. This dictionary contains an array of Optional Content Groups (OCGs), each describing a set of information and each of which may be individually displayed or suppressed, plus a set of Optional Content

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Many commercial offset printers have accepted the submission of press-ready PDF files as a print source, specifically the PDF/X-1a subset and variations of the same. The submission of press-ready PDF files is a replacement for the problematic need for receiving collected native working files.

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There are two layouts to the PDF files: non-linearized (not "optimized") and linearized ("optimized"). Non-linearized PDF files can be smaller than their linear counterparts, though they are slower to access because portions of the data required to assemble pages of the document are scattered

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and Hackmanit GmbH published attacks on digitally signed PDFs. They showed how to change the visible content in a signed PDF without invalidating the signature in 21 of 22 desktop PDF viewers and 6 of 8 online validation services by abusing implementation flaws. At the same conference, they

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form data to a server, receiving the response, and incorporating it into the interactive form. It can also be used to export form data to stand-alone files that can be imported back into the corresponding PDF interactive form. FDF was originally defined in 1996 as part of ISO 32000-2:2017.

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AcroForms can keep form field values in external stand-alone files containing key-value pairs. The external files may use Forms Data Format (FDF) and XML Forms Data Format (XFDF) files. The usage rights (UR) signatures define rights for import form data files in FDF, XFDF, and text

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PDF documents can also contain display settings, including the page display layout and zoom level in a Viewer Preferences object. Adobe Reader uses these settings to override the user's default settings when opening the document. The free Adobe Reader cannot remove these settings.

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and indispensable for the full implementation of the ISO 32000-1 specification. These proprietary technologies are not standardized, and their specification is published only on Adobe's website. Many of them are not supported by popular third-party implementations of PDF.

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PDF files can be infected with viruses, Trojans, and other malware. They can have hidden JavaScript code that might exploit vulnerabilities in a PDF, hidden objects executed when the file that hides them is opened, and, less commonly, a malicious PDF can launch malware.

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XFA is not to be ISO standard just yet. The Committee urges Adobe Systems to submit the XFA Specification, XML Forms Architecture (XFA), to ISO for standardization The Committee is concerned about the stability of the XFA specification Part 2 will reference XFA

1525:, for security, in which case a password is needed to view or edit the contents. PDF 2.0 defines 256-bit AES encryption as the standard for PDF 2.0 files. The PDF Reference also defines ways that third parties can define their own encryption systems for PDF. 2067:

In 1993, the Jaws raster image processor from Global Graphics became the first shipping prepress RIP that interpreted PDF natively without conversion to another format. The company released an upgrade to its Harlequin RIP with the same capability in 1997.

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Beginning with PDF 1.5, Usage rights (UR) signatures are used to enable additional interactive features that are not available by default in a particular PDF viewer application. The signature is used to validate that the permissions have been granted by a

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Tagged PDF is not required in situations where a PDF file is intended only for print. Since the feature is optional, and since the rules for tagged PDF were relatively vague in ISO 32000-1, support for tagged PDF among consuming devices, including

1071:) are represented by dictionaries with an associated stream. The dictionary describes the properties of the image, and the stream contains the image data. (Less commonly, small raster images may be embedded directly in a page description as an 1824:

Anyone may create applications that can read and write PDF files without having to pay royalties to Adobe Systems; Adobe holds patents to PDF, but licenses them for royalty-free use in developing software complying with its PDF specification.

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Even without removing the password, most freeware or open source PDF readers ignore the permission "protections" and allow the user to print or make copy of excerpts of the text as if the document were not limited by password protection.

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In later PDF revisions, a PDF document can also support links (inside document or web page), forms, JavaScript (initially available as a plugin for Acrobat 3.0), or any other types of embedded contents that can be handled using plug-ins.

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PDF files can be created specifically to be accessible to people with disabilities. PDF file formats in use as of 2014 can include tags, text equivalents, captions, audio descriptions, and more. Some software can automatically produce

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wrote a paper for a project then code-named Camelot, in which he proposed the creation of a simplified version of PostScript called Interchange PostScript (IPS). Unlike traditional PostScript, which was tightly focused on rendering

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PDF files can contain two types of metadata. The first is the Document Information Dictionary, a set of key/value fields such as author, title, subject, creation and update dates. This is optional and is referenced from an

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can read tagged PDFs. Moreover, tagged PDFs can be re-flowed and magnified for readers with visual impairments. Adding tags to older PDFs and those that are generated from scanned documents can present some challenges.

1546:, which specifies operations that should be restricted even when the document is decrypted, which can include modifying, printing, or copying text and graphics out of the document, or adding or modifying text notes and 2759:

Example: ISO/IEC 29500, ISO/IEC 26300 and ISO 32000 for document formats reference information that is not accessible by all parties (references to proprietary technology and brand names, incomplete scope or dead web

1027:, but can also be constructed from the outlines of text. Unlike PostScript, PDF does not allow a single path to mix text outlines with lines and curves. Paths can be stroked, filled, fill then stroked, or used for 2343:

can create an annotation report that summarizes all the annotations and notes one has made across their library of PDFs. The Text Verification Tool exports differences in documents as annotations and markups.

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PDF enforces the rule that the code for any particular page cannot affect any other pages. That rule is strongly recommended for PostScript code too, but has to be implemented explicitly (see, e.g., the

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An index table, also called the cross-reference table, is located near the end of the file and gives the byte offset of each indirect object from the start of the file. This design allows for efficient

805:). This technique enables non-stream objects to have standard stream filters applied to them, reduces the size of files that have large numbers of small indirect objects and is especially useful for 7716: 420:

as ISO 32000-1:2008, at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting

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was "developing a free, high-quality and fully functional set of libraries and programs that implement the PDF file format and associated technologies to the ISO 32000 standard", as one of its

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document are not secure, and cannot be assured once the file is distributed; this warning is displayed when applying such restrictions using Adobe Acrobat software to create or edit PDF files.

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restrictions that provide further controls that limit copying, editing, or printing. These restrictions depend on the reader software to obey them, so the security they provide is limited.

1371:, and many encodings for East Asian languages and a font can have its own built-in encoding. (Although the WinAnsi and MacRoman encodings are derived from the historical properties of the 4264:

Müller, Jens; Ising, Fabian; Mladenov, Vladislav; Mainka, Christian; Schinzel, Sebastian; Schwenk, Jörg (November 6, 2019). "Practical Decryption exFiltration: Breaking PDF Encryption".

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is a mechanism to add forms to the PDF file format. PDF currently supports two different methods for integrating data and PDF forms. Both formats today coexist in the PDF specification:

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command, then execute all the commands to render a page as a raster image to a printing device. PostScript was not intended for long-term storage and real-time interactive rendering of

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systems that support annotation in pdf and other document formats. In cases where PDFs are expected to have all of the functionality of paper documents, ink annotation is required.

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On March 30, 2010, security researcher Didier Stevens reported an Adobe Reader and Foxit Reader exploit that runs a malicious executable if the user allows it to launch when asked.

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PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers,

4325: 3073: 4862: 2743:"Guide for the procurement of standards-based ICT – Elements of Good Practice, Against lock-in: building open ICT systems by making better use of standards in public procurement" 1705:, the International Standard for accessible PDF based on ISO 32000-1 was first published as ISO 14289–1 in 2012 and establishes normative language for accessible PDF technology. 4207:

Mladenov, Vladislav; Mainka, Christian; Meyer Zu Selhausen, Karsten; Grothe, Martin; Schwenk, Jörg (November 6, 2019). "1 Trillion Dollar Refund: How to Spoof PDF Signatures".

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Adobe Acrobat is one example of proprietary software that allows the user to annotate, highlight, and add notes to already created PDF files. One UNIX application available as

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Traditionally, to go from PostScript to PDF, a source PostScript file (that is, an executable program) is used as the basis for generating PostScript-like PDF code (see, e.g.,

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PDF's emphasis on preserving the visual appearance of documents across different software and hardware platforms poses challenges to the conversion of PDF documents to other

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32000-2 does not include any proprietary technologies as normative references). In April 2023 the PDF Association made ISO 32000-2 available for download free of charge.

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Meuschke, Norman; Jagdale, Apurva; Spinde, Timo; Mitrović, Jelena; Gipp, Bela (2023), Sserwanga, Isaac; Goulding, Anne; Moulaison-Sandy, Heather; Du, Jia Tina (eds.),

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Page dimensions are not limited by the format itself. However, Adobe Acrobat imposes a limit of 15 million by 15 million inches, or 225 trillion in (145,161 km).

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key in the trailer of the file. A small set of fields is defined and can be extended with additional text values if required. This method is deprecated in PDF 2.0.

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keywords if residing in the document root. Beginning with PDF version 1.5, indirect objects (except other streams) may also be located in special streams known as

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through 10.3, the image was also captured as a PDF; later versions save screen captures as a PNG file, though this behavior can be set back to PDF if desired.

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at the time. When the PDF 1.4 specification was published, the formulas for calculating blend modes were kept secret by Adobe. They have since been published.

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The basic design of how graphics are represented in PDF is very similar to that of PostScript, except for the use of transparency, which was added in PDF 1.4.

5838: 4498: 2992: 2746: 1979:, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, that allow a "PDF printer" to be set up, which when selected sends output to a PDF file instead of a physical printer. 1528:

PDF files may be digitally signed, to provide secure authentication; complete details on implementing digital signatures in PDF are provided in ISO 32000-2.

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to be available in the reader, and may only display correctly if the system has them installed. Fonts may be substituted if they are not embedded in a PDF.

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Many PDF viewers are provided free of charge from a variety of sources. Programs to manipulate and edit PDF files are available, usually for purchase.

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Within each page, there are one or multiple content streams that describe the text, vector and images being drawn on the page. The content stream is

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PDF 1.7, the sixth edition of the PDF specification that became ISO 32000-1, includes some proprietary technologies defined only by Adobe, such as

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file formats among others); introduced in PDF 1.2; it can use one of two groups of predictor functions for more compact zlib/deflate compression:

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values may be submitted in any of the following formats, (depending on the settings of the action's ExportFormat, SubmitPDF, and XFDF flags):

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keyword followed by a dictionary containing information that would otherwise be contained in the cross-reference stream object's dictionary:

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An equivalent subset of the PostScript page description programming language but in declarative form, for generating the layout and graphics.

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to test PDF conversion and information extraction tools exist and have been used for benchmark evaluations of the tool's performance.

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AcroForms (also known as Acrobat forms), introduced in the PDF 1.2 format specification and included in all later PDF specifications.

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Normally all image content in a PDF is embedded in the file. But PDF allows image data to be stored in external files by the use of

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is a competing format used both as a page description language and as the native print spooler format for Microsoft Windows since

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on PDFs that abuse the flexibility of features provided in the specification. An overview of security issues in PDFs regarding

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and removing unused branches, resulting in code that is purely declarative and static. The end result is then packaged into a

9149: 6638: 5904: 4927: 2783: 1348:. These fonts, or suitable substitute fonts with the same metrics, should be available in most PDF readers, but they are not 4299: 4242: 1481:(see clause 14.8 in ISO 32000) includes document structure and semantics information to enable reliable text extraction and 1304:. Additionally PDF supports the Type 3 variant in which the components of the font are described by PDF graphic operators. 9083: 8345: 8146: 7669: 7052: 6643: 6613: 5184: 1998:. In 2011, however, the GNU PDF project was removed from the list of "high priority projects" due to the maturation of the 1995: 747:, usually containing large amounts of optionally compressed binary data, preceded by a dictionary and enclosed between the 9159: 9048: 7990: 7320: 7117: 5884: 5273: 4767: 4601: 901: 333:

in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020.

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from an Adobe-authorized certificate authority. Any PDF application can use this same mechanism for its own purposes.

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additionally showed how to exfiltrate the plaintext of encrypted content in PDFs. In 2021, they showed new so-called

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and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder

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rights for all patents owned by Adobe necessary to make, use, sell, and distribute PDF-compliant implementations.

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characters, except for certain elements that may have binary content. The file starts with a header containing a

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language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text,

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to send itself as an attached Adobe PDF file. It was activated with Adobe Acrobat, but not with Acrobat Reader.

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For anyone interested in having their graphic project commercially printed directly from digital files or PDFs.

4476: 4272:. CCS '19. ACM Digital Library, ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. pp. 15–29. 3865: 3813: 2414: 2258: 2147: 759: 4215:. CCS '19. ACM Digital Library, ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. pp. 1–14. 4193: 673:. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. A COS tree file consists primarily of 9134: 7970: 7300: 6813: 6461: 5163:– The PDF Association is the industry association for software developers producing or processing PDF files. 4848: 4668: 4627: 3976: 3497: 3261: 3144: 1626: 1403: 582: 4521: 3838: 2108:

Some desktop printers also support direct PDF printing, which can interpret PDF data without external help.

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to the objects in the file, and also allows for small changes to be made without rewriting the entire file (

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The entire document can be submitted rather than individual fields and values, as was defined in PDF 1.4.

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made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993. In the early years PDF was popular mainly in

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A structured storage system to bundle these elements and any associated content into a single file, with

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PDF files can have file attachments which processors may access and open or save to a local filesystem.

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for compression purposes. Image filters supported in PDF include the following general-purpose filters:

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The standard security provided by PDF consists of two different methods and two different passwords: a

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There are many software options for creating PDFs, including the PDF printing capabilities built into

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ISO 19444-1:2019 - Document management — XML Forms Data Format — Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-2 (XFDF 3.0)

8241: 8186: 7965: 7950: 7208: 6628: 6124: 5692: 5614: 5542: 3750: 1532: 1131: 1115: 969:. PDF has (as of version 2.0) 25 graphics state properties, of which some of the most important are: 704: 516: 30: 4079: 3397: 2315:, available for Microsoft Windows, macOS and Linux, allows annotating documents. Tracker Software's 9164: 9068: 8996: 8868: 8566: 8289: 8196: 7985: 7960: 7172: 7167: 5945: 5742: 5727: 5669: 5512: 5435: 5370: 5335: 5195:

PDF Standards....transitioning the PDF specification from a de facto standard to a de jure standard

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For example, Adobe Systems grants permissions to enable additional features in Adobe Reader, using

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PDF were designed for Type 1 fonts, and the rules for applying them to TrueType fonts are complex.

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Compression; it can use one of two groups of predictor functions for more compact LZW compression:

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document sees can be manipulated by the sender after the document has been signed by the signer.

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PDF since v1.6 supports embedding of interactive 3D documents: 3D drawings can be embedded using

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can export documents in PDF format. There are many PDF print drivers for Microsoft Windows, the

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keyword, and follow the main body composed of indirect objects. Version 1.5 introduced optional

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allows uploading and saving to PDF. Some web apps offer free PDF editing and annotation tools.

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Configuration Dictionaries, which give the status (Displayed or Suppressed) of the given OCGs.

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to output devices, IPS would be optimized for displaying pages to any screen and any platform.

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the implementation of the U3D standard was not complete and proprietary extensions were used.

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for correct rendering (external files, graphics, or fonts to which the document refers), and

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suitable for imaging onto paper and other media in printers, digital production presses and

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keyword followed by an offset to the start of the cross-reference table (starting with the

524: 302: 55: 3667: 3486:. PDF 2001 conference. Scottsdale/Arizona. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. 1280:. It may either describe the characteristics of a typeface, or it may include an embedded 630:

All data required for rendering is included within the file itself, improving portability.

8: 9124: 9098: 9088: 8853: 8181: 6021: 5985: 4897: 3195:"Adobe Developer Connection: PDF Reference and Adobe Extensions to the PDF Specification" 2901: 2098: 2074:

introduced and shipped Apogee, the first prepress workflow system based on PDF, in 1997.

1191: 1163: 939: 551: 402: 5017:"ISO 32000-2:2017(en), Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0" 4997:"ISO 32000-2:2020(en), Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0" 1944: 1625:) is a set of restrictions and extensions to PDF and ISO 32000-1 making it suitable for 405:, Common Ground Digital Paper, Farallon Replica and even Adobe's own PostScript format. 8775: 8650: 8640: 8466: 8461: 8126: 8061: 6401: 6047: 5980: 5567: 5420: 5410: 5390: 5365: 4976: 4905: 4291: 4234: 3724: 3359: 2316: 2203: 1999: 1742:

AcroForms were introduced in the PDF 1.2 format. AcroForms permit the uses of objects (

1321: 744: 612: 409: 394: 81: 4348:"Processing Dangerous Paths – On Security and Privacy of the Portable Document Format" 3198: 2821: 2804: 1834: 666: 150: 8986: 8898: 8893: 8828: 8808: 8760: 8675: 8655: 8625: 6955: 5712: 5697: 5641: 5621: 5582: 5557: 5465: 5430: 5375: 5360: 5305: 5289: 5166: 5143: 5116: 5094: 5058: 4966: 4923: 4842: 4621: 4295: 4281: 4268:

Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

4238: 4224: 4211:

Proceedings of the 2019 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security

3970: 3584:"ISO 32000-1:2008 Document management -- Portable document format -- Part 1: PDF 1.7" 3255: 3138: 2972: 2652:"ISO 32000-1:2008 – Document management – Portable document format – Part 1: PDF 1.7" 2631: 2567: 2543: 1890: 1862: 1854: 1612: 1608: 1586: 1439: 1372: 1333: 1119: 998: 681: 650: 353: 345: 306: 1156:

from the TIFF 6.0 specification and predictors (filters) from the PNG specification,

8981: 8785: 8740: 8690: 7689: 7430: 6758: 6075: 5990: 5752: 5674: 5661: 5527: 4980: 4958: 4915: 4870: 4775: 4273: 4216: 3420: 2816: 2475: 1976: 1293: 1135: 1103: 600:

PostScript code that can be processed as data, and does not require a full program

586: 578: 574: 555: 532: 500: 310: 245: 4445: 2014:

code base. There are also commercial development libraries available as listed in

1579: 9093: 9003: 8935: 8823: 8635: 8586: 8412: 8299: 8020: 7925: 7679: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7082: 7045: 7040: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 7015: 6000: 5960: 5684: 5330: 5297: 5244: 5234: 5218: 5198: 5191: (archived 2016-04-13) – Official introductory comparison of PS, EPS vs. PDF. 5188: 5178: 5128: 5106: 5084: 5070: 5048: 4919: 4588: 4432: 4266: 4209: 3923:"Accessing PDF documents with assistive technology: A screen reader user's guide" 3522:"Document Management – Portable Document Format – Part 1: PDF 1.7, First Edition" 3341: 3318: 2328: 2211: 2061: 2045: 1881:

PDF attachments carrying viruses were first discovered in 2001. The virus, named

1717:

images and links to the website and buttons to order directly from the document.

1447: 737:, collections of objects indexed by names enclosed within double angle brackets ( 725: 562: 457: 453: 322: 2931:"ISO 32000-2 – Document management — Portable document format — Part 2: PDF 2.0" 2488: 2465: 2375:. Numerous tools and source code libraries support these tasks. Several labeled 1139: 1107: 1024: 9058: 9038: 8755: 8750: 8536: 8531: 7587: 7335: 7147: 7010: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6334: 6324: 5757: 5599: 4902:

Information for a Better World: Normality, Virtuality, Physicality, Inclusivity

2348: 2195: 2102: 2030: 1972: 1376: 1187: 1039:

in which a piece of artwork is specified to be drawn repeatedly. This may be a

570: 493: 471:

Vector graphics for illustrations and designs that consist of shapes and lines;

373: 5248: 9113: 9078: 8803: 8602: 8561: 8511: 8486: 8375: 8350: 8335: 8271: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8096: 8041: 8010: 8000: 7863: 7853: 7823: 7818: 7768: 7748: 7726: 7711: 7664: 7629: 7572: 7567: 7557: 7435: 7380: 7355: 7350: 7330: 7203: 6743: 6182: 6152: 5853: 5722: 5562: 5252: 4581: 2876:"Announcing no-cost access to the latest PDF standard: ISO 32000-2 (PDF 2.0)" 2464:

Hardy, M.; Masinter, L.; Markovic, D.; Johnson, D.; Bailey, M. (March 2017).

2441: 2404: 2300: 2057: 2053: 2022: 1968: 1679: 1482: 1399: 1338: 1265:

should be drawn at certain positions. The characters are specified using the

1028: 982: 958: 950: 917: 870:

If a cross-reference stream is not being used, the footer is preceded by the

818: 413: 390: 326: 4710:

Xpdf is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL), version 2 or 3.

4277: 4220: 8966: 8928: 8888: 8571: 8551: 8546: 8526: 8236: 8206: 8066: 7410: 7405: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7177: 7122: 7072: 7005: 6960: 6935: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6803: 6768: 6678: 6673: 6501: 6309: 5975: 5928: 5572: 4643:"GNU PDF project leaves FSF High Priority Projects list; mission complete!" 4350:. Internet Society, The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. 4324:. Internet Society, The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium. 2683: 2368: 2312: 2071: 1750: 1031:. Strokes and fills can use any color set in the graphics state, including 536: 421: 379: 330: 5204: 5016: 4996: 4962: 4955:

Proceedings of the 2002 ACM symposium on Document engineering – DocEng '02

3615:. 1.1.1. European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI. July 2009. 2930: 1496:

An ISO-standardized subset of PDF specifically targeted at accessibility,

523:

to generate an image. It can handle graphics and has standard features of

8945: 8923: 8883: 8858: 8843: 8818: 8790: 8720: 8715: 8617: 8456: 8211: 7908: 7903: 7898: 7482: 7399: 6371: 5707: 5587: 4559: 4425: 3697: 2436: 2360: 2081:

In 2006, PDF was widely accepted as the standard print job format at the

1984: 1964: 1948: 1936: 1858: 1687: 1443: 1383:

For large fonts or fonts with non-standard glyphs, the special encodings

1315: 1162:, a simple compression method for streams with repetitive data using the 990: 911:

The maximum size of an Acrobat PDF page, superimposed on a map of Europe.

863: 694: 349: 290: 5258: 4904:, vol. 13972, Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, pp. 383–405, 878:

A reference to the root object of the tree structure, also known as the

9008: 8976: 8971: 8950: 8908: 8660: 8581: 8471: 8201: 8106: 7813: 7788: 7552: 7507: 7243: 6900: 6713: 6606: 6601: 6596: 6556: 6531: 6406: 6162: 5805: 5577: 5522: 4948:"Mapping and displaying structural transformations between XML and PDF" 4608:. GNUpdf. November 28, 2007. Archived from the original on July 4, 2014 2875: 2324: 2214:

application can display PDF files, as can version 2.0 and later of the

1395:

table if semantic information about the characters is to be preserved.

1391:(for vertical) are used. With such fonts, it is necessary to provide a 512: 465: 432: 337: 314: 294: 165: 93: 4206: 1567:

To save the PDF document along with a modified form or annotation data

907: 261: 8940: 8913: 8903: 8710: 8670: 8556: 8481: 8370: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8330: 8320: 8281: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8101: 8091: 8076: 8056: 8051: 8046: 7995: 7940: 7935: 7915: 7893: 7873: 7828: 7808: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7721: 7684: 7674: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7634: 7619: 7614: 7542: 7537: 7532: 7512: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7477: 7472: 7420: 7415: 7395: 7365: 7340: 7325: 7295: 7248: 7238: 7218: 7213: 7198: 7193: 7107: 6828: 6823: 6718: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6252: 6247: 6242: 6237: 5470: 4555: 2480: 1812:

In PDF 1.5, Adobe Systems introduced a proprietary format for forms;

1560: 1522: 1327: 1226: 436: 384: 127: 5839:

International Press Telecommunications Council § Photo metadata

4591:

as a source. Content of the latter page, however, changes over time.

4472: 3364:

DO-IT - Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology

2232: 2121: 945:

to describe the surface of a page. A PDF page description can use a

8833: 8798: 8780: 8770: 8645: 8576: 8503: 8005: 7783: 7487: 7315: 7152: 7142: 7127: 7102: 7087: 7062: 7057: 6940: 6915: 6910: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6875: 6840: 6835: 6818: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6763: 6748: 6738: 6733: 6723: 6708: 6703: 6693: 6688: 6683: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6633: 6618: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6551: 6546: 6526: 6521: 6511: 6506: 6496: 6491: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6446: 6436: 6329: 6232: 6227: 6222: 6217: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 5825: 5646: 5636: 5495: 5400: 5227:– Introduction to PDF vs. PostScript and PDF internals (up to v1.3) 4910: 4681:

Poppler is a PDF rendering library based on the xpdf-3.0 code base.

3668:"Getting Familiar with Adobe Reader > Understanding Preferences" 3425: 2426: 2372: 2320: 2183: 2049: 1746: 1301: 1297: 1277: 1212: 605: 566: 543: 361: 357: 301:, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of 298: 5848: 4664: 728:, ordered collections of objects enclosed within square brackets ( 669:(as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example 592:

As a document format, PDF has several advantages over PostScript:

8745: 8685: 8521: 8294: 8086: 8071: 7868: 7858: 7848: 7624: 7440: 7285: 7273: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6339: 6294: 6289: 6274: 6269: 6264: 6057: 5970: 5609: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5380: 4552:"Description of 2007 Microsoft Office Suite Service Pack 2 (SP2)" 2376: 2336: 2308: 2094: 1960: 1952: 1563:

granting authority. For example, it can be used to allow a user:

1468: 1099: 699: 4522:"How to Create a PDF from Web Page on iPhone and iPad in iOS 11" 766:

Comments using 8-bit characters prefixed with the percent sign (

496:/replacement system to allow fonts to travel with the documents. 70: 8918: 8700: 8665: 8612: 8156: 8141: 8136: 8131: 7803: 7778: 7706: 7562: 7547: 7527: 7522: 7467: 7460: 7455: 7450: 7345: 7310: 7157: 6808: 6623: 6187: 5532: 5350: 2003: 1980: 1956: 1809:) formats, and export form data files in FDF and XFDF formats. 1702: 1570:

Import form data files in FDF, XFDF, and text (CSV/TSV) formats

1497: 1472: 954: 542:

PostScript was originally designed for a drastically different

223: 219: 5926: 2085:

Printing Summit. It is supported as a print job format by the

1657:

In PDF 1.4, support was added for Metadata Streams, using the

1035:. PDF supports several types of patterns. The simplest is the 1019:

As in PostScript, vector graphics in PDF are constructed with

837:

array), so that for example, a document not exceeding 64

711:) or represented as hexadecimal within single angle brackets ( 474:

Raster graphics for photographs and other types of images; and

435:

extension for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as

397:

workflows, and competed with several other formats, including

8813: 8695: 8680: 8435: 8191: 8166: 7888: 7773: 7644: 7425: 7290: 7162: 7137: 7132: 7112: 6486: 6456: 6451: 6172: 6157: 6147: 6142: 6052: 5955: 5790: 5717: 5502: 5450: 5340: 5241:

Everything you wanted to know about PDF but was afraid to ask

4895: 4722: 4322:"Shadow Attacks: Hiding and Replacing Content in Signed PDFs" 2410: 2340: 2332: 2187: 2007: 1932: 1924: 1678:, but this feature is not always enabled by default. Leading 1675: 1618: 1422:

The transparency extensions are based on the key concepts of

1246: 1242: 1216: 1194: 1173: 662: 464:

Typeset text stored as content streams (i.e., not encoded in

227: 215: 211: 3100:"JavaScript for Acrobat 3D | Adobe Acrobat Developer Center" 2568:"What is a PDF? Portable Document Format | Adobe Acrobat DC" 2463: 1592:

Create, delete, modify, copy, import, and export annotations

889:

The count of indirect objects in the cross-reference table (

9033: 8630: 8541: 8451: 7838: 7701: 7694: 7360: 7305: 6905: 6516: 6016: 5833: 5800: 5780: 5732: 5631: 5460: 5445: 5440: 5385: 5325: 5315: 5310: 5215:

PDF Reference and Adobe Extensions to the PDF Specification

2394: 2319:

allows annotations and markups without restrictions in its

2191: 2086: 2011: 1935:

distributions. Much document processing software including

1630: 1611:

systems of the receiver, the information the receiver of a

1359:(integers) that map to glyphs in the current font using an 1177: 1127: 1111: 921: 638:

A loss of flexibility, and limitation to a single use case.

535:. PDF is a subset of PostScript, simplified to remove such 398: 340:(including video content), three-dimensional objects using 318: 4580:

On 2014-04-02, a note dated February 10, 2009 referred to

4129: 3758: 2508: 856:

keyword) or the cross-reference stream object, followed by

8404: 8015: 7067: 6064: 5810: 5651: 5552: 5537: 5405: 5225:

Portable Document Format: An Introduction for Programmers

4723:"The Apache PDFBox project- Apache PDFBox 3.0.0 released" 4263: 2090: 1928: 1769:

HTML 4.01 Specification since PDF 1.5; HTML 2.0 since 1.2

1202: 1198: 1149: 1043:, with the colors specified in the pattern object, or an 838: 646: 352:. The PDF specification also provides for encryption and 341: 170: 3602: 3389: 2354: 1790:. This standard is a normative reference of ISO 32000-2. 961:

graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the

2389:

Open XML Paper Specification § Comparison with PDF

1542:, which encrypts the file and prevents opening, and an 1261:

in page content streams. A text element specifies that

809:. Object streams do not support specifying an object's 4107:. The International Organization for Standardization. 3893:"Tip of the Week: Adobe Reader's 'Read Aloud' Feature" 3586:. International Organization for Standardization ISO. 3390:"FreeMyPDF.com – Removes passwords from viewable PDFs" 2002:, which has enjoyed wider use in applications such as 1509:

layered artwork, maps, multi-language documents, etc.

1462: 841:

in size may dedicate only 2 bytes for object offsets.

619:

since version 1.4, while standard PostScript does not.

4499:"Malicious PDFs Execute Code Without a Vulnerability" 1406:(OCR) is an image, with no fonts or text properties. 6105: 5160: 3421:"Adobe admits new PDF password protection is weaker" 3127:"In Defense of COS, or Why I Love JSON and Hate XML" 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2832: 2711:"Public Patent License, ISO 32000-1: 2008 – PDF 1.7" 1438:. The model is closely aligned with the features of 1363:. There are several predefined encodings, including 1130:

6.0 specification and predictors (filters) from the

3812:. California State University. 2009. Archived from 2621: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2613: 2029:is an open source Java library, licensed under the 1503: 1276:A font object in PDF is a description of a digital 1086:, a filter used to put the stream into 7-bit ASCII, 4265: 4208: 3519: 3050:. Adobe Systems Inc. July 14, 2009. Archived from 2878:(Press release). PDF Association. June 16, 2023 . 1600:. Adobe Reader verifies that the signature uses a 4130:Adobe Systems Incorporated (September 20, 2022). 4044:"Migrating from Adobe Acrobat forms to XML forms" 3166: 2969:Inside the Publishing Revolution: The Adobe Story 2949: 2838: 2628:Inside the Publishing Revolution: The Adobe Story 1330:(v3) (in regular, oblique, bold and bold oblique) 9111: 4826:. Archived from the original on February 5, 2009 4582:Current FSF High Priority Free Software Projects 4073:"XML Forms Data Format Specification, version 2" 3222:"Desktop Publishing: Base 14 Fonts – Definition" 2765: 2610: 2089:and desktop application projects such as GNOME, 1355:Within text strings, characters are shown using 1318:(v3) (in regular, italic, bold, and bold italic) 1311:, have a special significance in PDF documents: 1023:. Paths are usually composed of lines and cubic 844:At the end of a PDF file is a footer containing 412:controlled by Adobe until it was released as an 4945: 3957:. Archived from the original on January 1, 2013 3480:PDF Security Overview: Strengths and Weaknesses 2202:graphics layer is based on the model common to 51:Portable Document Format, a digital file format 5209:International Organization for Standardization 5021:International Organization for Standardization 5001:International Organization for Standardization 4471:Gibson, Steve; Laporte, Leo (March 12, 2009). 4132:"Using Acrobat forms and form data on the web" 3250:. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. 3074:"Supported file formats in Acrobat and Reader" 2331:, with the latter supporting interaction with 1573:Export form data files in FDF and XFDF formats 418:International Organization for Standardization 8420: 6091: 5912: 5274: 4470: 4400:"Can PDFs have viruses? Keep your files safe" 3955:"Gnu PDF – PDF Knowledge – Forms Data Format" 3366:. University of Washington. October 4, 2022. 2773:"ISO/TC 171/SC 2/WG 8 N 603 – Meeting Report" 2504: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2413:is a competing format. MO:DCA-P is a part of 1190:(black/white) filter based on the Group 3 or 977:(CTM), which determines the coordinate system 4150: 3725:"Facts and Opinions About PDF Accessibility" 3459:. Carnegie Mellon University. Archived from 3133:. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. 2509:Adobe Systems Incorporated (November 2006). 2335:, SyncTeX, and PDFSync and integration with 2190:(originally called Mac OS X), replacing the 2044:(RIPs) are used to convert PDF files into a 1516: 1402:to PDF without the text being recognised by 1324:(in regular, oblique, bold and bold oblique) 1092:, similar to ASCII85Decode but less compact, 9054:Comparison of Android ebook reader software 4946:Hardy, M. R. B.; Brailsford, D. F. (2002). 4426:Announcement: PDF Attachment Virus "Peachy" 3890: 3757:. The Ohio State University. Archived from 3576: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3509: 3507: 2644: 2411:Mixed Object: Document Content Architecture 2261:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 2150:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1607:Under specific circumstances including non- 1215:bi-level (black/white) filter based on the 460:. The basic types of content in a PDF are: 15: 8427: 8413: 6098: 6084: 5919: 5905: 5281: 5267: 2870: 2868: 2789:on November 26, 2012 – via Archive. 2495: 1225:, a lossy or lossless filter based on the 1002:, which is a key component of transparency 539:features, while graphics commands remain. 378:The development of PDF began in 1991 when 16: 5288: 4909: 3866:"Exporting PDF/A for long-term archiving" 2971:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 139. 2820: 2630:. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 137. 2479: 2459: 2457: 2281:Learn how and when to remove this message 2170:Learn how and when to remove this message 2105:have switched to emit print jobs in PDF. 2010:desktop environment. Poppler is based on 1963:PDF tools, applications developed around 1241:. Standardized subsets of PDF, including 1166:algorithm and the image-specific filters, 5249:recording of a talk by Leonard Rosenthol 3504: 3308:"Tagged PDF Best Practice Guide: Syntax" 3236: 3157:Adobe Systems, PDF Reference, pp. 39–40. 3076:. Adobe Systems Inc. November 11, 2022. 2966: 2625: 2339:reference management software. Freeware 1872: 1589:to existing digital signature form field 906: 781:. Indirect objects are numbered with an 715:). Strings may contain 8-bit characters. 24:This is an accepted version of this page 9049:Comparison of iOS ebook reader software 4653:from the original on December 28, 2014. 4448:. Adobe Systems Inc. January 10, 2023. 4067: 4065: 4015: 3339: 3187: 2882:from the original on September 23, 2023 2865: 2749:from the original on September 19, 2020 2541: 2111: 14: 9120:Computer-related introductions in 1993 9112: 9074:International Digital Publishing Forum 4768:"Jaws® 3.0 PDF and PostScript RIP SDK" 4519: 3903:from the original on November 22, 2020 3872:from the original on February 24, 2021 3590:from the original on February 10, 2017 3400:from the original on February 20, 2021 3370:from the original on February 10, 2023 3080:from the original on December 21, 2022 3015: 2745:. European Commission. June 25, 2013. 2454: 1915: 1869:attacks was presented by Jens Müller. 1457: 1414:The original imaging model of PDF was 1201:compression standard defined in ITU-T 1098:, a commonly used filter based on the 718:Names, starting with a forward slash ( 507: 416:on July 1, 2008, and published by the 8408: 6079: 5900: 5834:Exchangeable image file format (Exif) 5262: 4729:from the original on January 7, 2023. 4532:from the original on January 12, 2023 4138:from the original on January 12, 2023 4024:from the original on January 12, 2023 3845:from the original on January 12, 2023 3731:from the original on January 24, 2013 3722: 3704:from the original on January 12, 2023 3678:from the original on October 23, 2012 3433:from the original on January 17, 2017 2937:from the original on January 28, 2021 2925: 2923: 2908:from the original on December 4, 2022 2676: 2658:from the original on December 6, 2010 2574:from the original on January 30, 2023 2355:Conversion and Information Extraction 1839: 1344:These fonts are sometimes called the 565:). This is done by applying standard 452:A PDF file is often a combination of 4748:from the original on August 22, 2013 4671:from the original on January 8, 2015 4473:"Steve Gibson – SecurityNow Podcast" 4406:from the original on October 4, 2023 4062: 3891:Biersdorfer, J.D. (April 10, 2009). 3476: 3451: 3418: 3348:from the original on August 7, 2004. 3242: 3040: 2993:"PostScript Language Reference]" 2516:. 1.7 (6th ed.). Archived from 2259:adding citations to reliable sources 2226: 2148:adding citations to reliable sources 2115: 1531:PDF files may also contain embedded 1219:standard, introduced in PDF 1.4, and 641:A (sometimes much) larger file size. 447: 4700:from the original on April 14, 2013 4640: 4520:Pathak, Khamosh (October 7, 2017). 4446:"Security bulletins and advisories" 4354:from the original on April 21, 2021 4328:from the original on April 21, 2021 4302:from the original on April 26, 2021 4245:from the original on April 26, 2021 4192:. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from 3993:. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from 3928:. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from 3648:from the original on April 23, 2021 3564:from the original on March 26, 2023 3520:Adobe Systems Inc. (July 1, 2008). 3197:. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from 3124: 3102:. Adobe Systems Inc. Archived from 3024:. Vienna University of Technology. 2902:"ISO 32000-2:2020 is now available" 2556:from the original on July 18, 2011. 1908:For a more comprehensive list, see 1844:In November 2019, researchers from 1784:XML Forms Data Format Specification 1636: 1582:new pages from named page templates 1463:Logical structure and accessibility 135:(including a single trailing space) 48: 9029:Academic journal publishing reform 5844:Extensible Metadata Platform (XMP) 4939: 4873:. October 23, 2009. Archived from 4863:"PDF as Standard Print Job Format" 4452:from the original on April 6, 2010 4380:from the original on April 9, 2021 4163:. February 8, 2007. Archived from 4111:from the original on June 17, 2016 3863: 3839:"LibreOffice Help – Export as PDF" 3622:from the original on March 8, 2023 3219: 3028:from the original on April 4, 2024 3018:"What is the PDF format good for?" 2920: 2723:from the original on June 18, 2009 2679:"PDF 1.7 is approved as ISO 32000" 2295:Comparison of note-taking software 2033:, for working with PDF documents. 1623:PDF Advanced Electronic Signatures 1296:(and its compressed variant CFF), 1014: 141:Uniform Type Identifier (UTI) 49: 9181: 5154: 5087: (archived December 22, 2021) 4158:"FDF Data Exchange Specification" 3751:"Accessibility and PDF documents" 3419:Kirk, Jeremy (December 4, 2008). 3175:from the original on July 5, 2022 2822:10.1371/journal.pone.0069446.s001 2542:Warnock, J. (October 14, 2004) . 2206:and PDF, leading to the nickname 2182:PDF was selected as the "native" 1307:Fourteen typefaces, known as the 677:, of which there are nine types: 485:PDF combines three technologies: 8389: 8388: 5879: 5868: 5867: 4479:from the original on May 8, 2020 4078:. September 2007. Archived from 3340:Johnson, Duff (April 22, 2004). 2677:Orion, Egan (December 5, 2007). 2367:, such as text, images, tables, 2231: 2120: 1668: 1504:Optional Content Groups (layers) 1229:standard, introduced in PDF 1.5. 1062: 930: 777:(embedded in another object) or 653:and various other data formats. 625:Document Structuring Conventions 69: 4889: 4855: 4816: 4790: 4760: 4734: 4715: 4686: 4657: 4634: 4594: 4574: 4544: 4513: 4491: 4464: 4438: 4418: 4392: 4366: 4340: 4314: 4257: 4200: 4182: 4123: 4097: 4036: 4018:"Convert XFA Form to AcroForm?" 4016:Demling, Peter (July 1, 2008). 4009: 3983: 3947: 3915: 3884: 3864:Z., Andrew (January 11, 2008). 3857: 3831: 3799: 3773: 3743: 3716: 3690: 3660: 3642:"Links and attachments in PDFs" 3634: 3546: 3470: 3445: 3412: 3382: 3352: 3333: 3300: 3268: 3213: 3160: 3151: 3118: 3092: 3066: 3009: 2985: 2894: 2846:. Adobe Systems. Archived from 2797: 2782:. June 27, 2011. Archived from 2735: 2382: 1500:, was first published in 2012. 1409: 1300:, and (beginning with PDF 1.6) 1284:. The latter case is called an 1010:control (introduced in PDF 2.0) 707:, enclosed within parentheses ( 3723:Clark, Joe (August 22, 2005). 3674:. Pearson. September 2, 2005. 3477:Merz, Thomas (November 2001). 3169:"Working with content streams" 2703: 2670: 2586: 2560: 2535: 2467:The application/pdf Media Type 2415:Advanced Function Presentation 1627:advanced electronic signatures 1288:while the former is called an 1257:Text in PDF is represented by 661:A PDF file is organized using 656: 581:, together with all necessary 13: 1: 5247: (archived 2016-01-18) – 5175:Adobe PDF 101: Summary of PDF 5131: (archived March 6, 2022) 5109: (archived March 6, 2022) 5073: (archived March 6, 2022) 5051: (archived March 6, 2022) 4641:Lee, Matt (October 6, 2011). 4374:"Portable Document Flaws 101" 3781:"PDF Accessibility Standards" 2447: 2222: 1835:Adobe Acrobat § Security 1708: 1404:optical character recognition 1387:(for horizontal writing) and 1110:(deflate is also used in the 1067:Raster images in PDF (called 975:current transformation matrix 9150:Office document file formats 6027:Open XML Paper Specification 5951:Microsoft Office XML formats 4920:10.1007/978-3-031-28032-0_31 4649:. Free Software Foundation. 2401:Open XML Paper Specification 2083:Open Source Development Labs 1819: 1814:Adobe XML Forms Architecture 1779:XML Forms Data Format (XFDF) 1659:Extensible Metadata Platform 1446:were based on those used by 429:Adobe XML Forms Architecture 7: 9044:Comparison of ebook readers 2904:. PDFA. December 14, 2020. 2716:. Adobe Systems Inc. 2008. 2420: 2198:. The imaging model of the 2087:Common Unix Printing System 2036: 1903: 1828: 1644: 1249:, prohibit these features. 943:Cartesian coordinate system 10: 9186: 9160:Page description languages 8434: 5966:Open Document Architecture 5221: (archived 2021-01-16) 5181: (archived 2010-10-07) 5036:PDF 1.7 (ISO 32000-1:2008) 4431:September 4, 2015, at the 3783:. 1.2. BBC. Archived from 3429:. IDG Communications Inc. 3276:"PDF Blend Modes Addendum" 3243:Merz, Thomas (June 2003). 2839:Leonard Rosenthol (2012). 2392: 2386: 2305:GNU General Public License 2292: 2027:Apache Software Foundation 1907: 1832: 1547: 1466: 896:Other optional information 371: 367: 364:requiring these features. 53: 9021: 8959: 8876: 8867: 8733: 8595: 8502: 8495: 8442: 8384: 8308: 8034: 7186: 6135: 6117: 6040: 6009: 5939:Editable document formats 5938: 5862: 5824: 5766: 5683: 5660: 5296: 5185:Adobe: PostScript vs. PDF 4847:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4731:Updated for new releases. 4626:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3975:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3496:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3260:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 3143:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 2967:Pfiffner, Pamela (2003). 2626:Pfiffner, Pamela (2003). 2369:bibliographic information 2365:extraction of information 1517:Encryption and signatures 1398:A text document which is 904:, similar to PostScript. 596:PDF contains only static 517:page description language 477:Other multimedia objects. 256: 243: 233: 207: 195: 177: 161: 149: 139: 126: 92: 80: 68: 9069:iBooks Author Conference 6032:Portable Document Format 5946:Compound Document Format 4742:"Adobe PDF Print Engine" 4587:August 10, 2007, at the 3755:Web Accessibility Center 3554:"PDF Insecurity Website" 2933:. ISO. January 5, 2021. 1992:Free Software Foundation 1959:typesetting system, the 1867:arbitrary code execution 1720: 1075:.) Images are typically 1045:uncolored tiling pattern 1007:Black point compensation 789:and defined between the 356:, file attachments, and 279:Portable Document Format 94:Internet media type 64:Portable Document Format 31:latest accepted revision 8766:Atlantis Word Processor 8706:OverDrive Media Console 8517:Barnes & Noble Nook 5167:PDF Specification Index 4824:"Press-Ready PDF Files" 4602:"Goals and Motivations" 4278:10.1145/3319535.3354214 4221:10.1145/3319535.3339812 3245:"The PDF Font Aquarium" 3167:PikePdf documentation. 2042:Raster image processors 1983:'s online office suite 1772:Forms Data Format (FDF) 1629:. This is published by 1598:public-key cryptography 1252: 831:cross-reference streams 634:Its disadvantages are: 8608:Adobe Digital Editions 6010:Fixed document formats 5169:at the PDF Association 4105:"ISO 19444-1:2019(en)" 3048:"3D supported formats" 2432:XSL Formatting Objects 2194:format of the earlier 2052:in a process known as 1996:high priority projects 1859:information disclosure 1846:Ruhr University Bochum 1736:XML Forms Architecture 1692:Kurzweil 1000 and 3000 1041:colored tiling pattern 912: 773:Objects may be either 183:; 31 years ago 9140:Graphics file formats 9064:Electronic publishing 5996:Uniform Office Format 5932:document file formats 5533:PBM / PGM / PPM / PNM 5290:Graphics file formats 4963:10.1145/585058.585077 4744:. Adobe Systems Inc. 4196:on February 27, 2016. 4190:"Developer Resources" 3342:"What is Tagged PDF?" 3022:complang.tuwien.ac.at 2654:. ISO. July 1, 2008. 2570:. Adobe Systems Inc. 2544:"The Camelot Project" 1941:Microsoft Office 2007 1873:Malware vulnerability 1102:algorithm defined in 910: 684:values, representing 525:programming languages 9135:Electronic documents 8562:Plastic Logic Reader 5205:PDF/A-1 ISO standard 4877:on November 14, 2009 4867:The Linux Foundation 4798:"Harlequin MultiRIP" 3466:on October 24, 2005. 3360:"Is PDF accessible?" 3201:on November 15, 2006 3106:on November 12, 2009 3054:on February 12, 2010 3016:Anton Ertl, Martin. 2861:– via Parleys. 2853:on September 2, 2013 2691:on December 13, 2007 2255:improve this section 2144:improve this section 2112:Native display model 2016:List of PDF software 1910:List of PDF software 1491:assistive technology 1176:filter based on the 1148:, a filter based on 617:transparent graphics 615:, PDF has supported 552:electronic documents 348:, and various other 303:application software 56:PDF (disambiguation) 54:For other uses, see 9099:Semantic publishing 9089:Reflowable document 8889:Amazon Kindle Store 5986:Revisable-Form Text 5849:GIF § Metadata 4957:. pp. 95–102. 4804:on February 9, 2014 4725:. August 17, 2023. 4170:on December 3, 2008 3807:"PDF Accessibility" 3698:"PDF Accessibility" 3534:on December 3, 2008 3454:"How secure is PDF" 3288:on October 14, 2011 2841:"PDF and Standards" 1916:Viewers and editors 1458:Additional features 1424:transparency groups 1346:base fourteen fonts 1164:run-length encoding 938:PDF graphics use a 770:) may be inserted. 739:<<...>> 508:PostScript language 297:in 1992 to present 285:), standardized as 118:application/x-gzpdf 113:application/x-bzpdf 65: 21:Page version status 8899:Barnes & Noble 8567:PocketBook eReader 8467:Kindle File Format 6111:by standard number 6048:Character encoding 5981:OpenOffice.org XML 4990:on March 24, 2017. 4772:globalgraphics.com 4665:"Poppler Homepage" 4435:, August 15, 2001. 4050:on October 6, 2010 3897:The New York Times 3558:pdf-insecurity.org 2594:"ISO 32000-1:2008" 2523:on October 1, 2008 2317:PDF-XChange Viewer 2204:Display PostScript 2101:, LibreOffice and 1971:itself as well as 1840:Changes to content 1521:A PDF file may be 940:device-independent 913: 823:incremental update 613:Display PostScript 503:where appropriate. 410:proprietary format 395:desktop publishing 354:digital signatures 181:June 15, 1993 82:Filename extension 63: 27: 9107: 9106: 9017: 9016: 8987:Project Gutenberg 8946:Sony Reader Store 8894:Baen Free Library 8884:Apple Books Store 8829:Oxygen XML Editor 8809:iStudio Publisher 8795:Help & Manual 8729: 8728: 8656:Google Play Books 8622: 8402: 8401: 6125:ISO romanizations 6073: 6072: 5894: 5893: 5231:The Camelot Paper 5211:(with corrigenda) 5207:published by the 4929:978-3-031-28031-3 4562:on April 29, 2009 4509:on April 4, 2010. 3997:on April 29, 2011 3991:"About PDF forms" 3761:on April 27, 2010 3452:Guignard, Bryan. 3232:on June 14, 2016. 3005:on July 24, 2021. 2606:on July 26, 2018. 2363:and the targeted 2291: 2290: 2283: 2180: 2179: 2172: 1891:Microsoft Outlook 1863:data manipulation 1855:denial of service 1757:) and some code ( 1726:Interactive Forms 1587:digital signature 1440:Adobe Illustrator 1309:standard 14 fonts 811:generation number 787:generation number 556:computer monitors 448:Technical details 311:operating systems 276: 275: 162:Developed by 108:application/x-pdf 39:18 September 2024 18: 9177: 8982:Internet Archive 8874: 8873: 8786:Collabora Online 8741:ABBYY FineReader 8691:Microsoft Reader 8620: 8500: 8499: 8429: 8422: 8415: 8406: 8405: 8392: 8391: 6112: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6077: 6076: 5991:Rich Text Format 5921: 5914: 5907: 5898: 5897: 5883: 5871: 5870: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5260: 5259: 5032: 5030: 5028: 5023:. August 3, 2017 5011: 5009: 5007: 4991: 4989: 4983:. Archived from 4952: 4933: 4932: 4913: 4893: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4871:Linux Foundation 4859: 4853: 4852: 4846: 4838: 4833: 4831: 4820: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4800:. Archived from 4794: 4788: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4778:on March 5, 2016 4774:. Archived from 4764: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4730: 4719: 4713: 4712: 4707: 4705: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4676: 4661: 4655: 4654: 4638: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4598: 4592: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4558:. Archived from 4548: 4542: 4541: 4539: 4537: 4517: 4511: 4510: 4505:. Archived from 4495: 4489: 4488: 4486: 4484: 4468: 4462: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4442: 4436: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4385: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4344: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4333: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4271: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4214: 4204: 4198: 4197: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4175: 4169: 4162: 4154: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4127: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4090: 4085:on July 30, 2018 4084: 4077: 4069: 4060: 4059: 4057: 4055: 4046:. Archived from 4040: 4034: 4033: 4031: 4029: 4013: 4007: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3987: 3981: 3980: 3974: 3966: 3964: 3962: 3951: 3945: 3944: 3942: 3940: 3935:on July 28, 2008 3934: 3927: 3919: 3913: 3912: 3910: 3908: 3888: 3882: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3861: 3855: 3854: 3852: 3850: 3835: 3829: 3828: 3826: 3824: 3818: 3811: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3770: 3768: 3766: 3747: 3741: 3740: 3738: 3736: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3711: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3664: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3621: 3614: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3580: 3574: 3573: 3571: 3569: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3533: 3527:. Archived from 3526: 3517: 3502: 3501: 3495: 3487: 3485: 3474: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3458: 3449: 3443: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3386: 3380: 3379: 3377: 3375: 3356: 3350: 3349: 3337: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3326: 3312: 3304: 3298: 3297: 3295: 3293: 3287: 3281:. Archived from 3280: 3272: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3251: 3249: 3240: 3234: 3233: 3228:. Archived from 3217: 3211: 3210: 3208: 3206: 3191: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3164: 3158: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3142: 3134: 3122: 3116: 3115: 3113: 3111: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3070: 3064: 3063: 3061: 3059: 3044: 3038: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3013: 3007: 3006: 3004: 2998:. Archived from 2997: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2964: 2947: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2927: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2887: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2852: 2845: 2836: 2830: 2829: 2824: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2788: 2777: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2756: 2754: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2722: 2715: 2707: 2701: 2700: 2698: 2696: 2687:. Archived from 2674: 2668: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2648: 2642: 2641: 2623: 2608: 2607: 2605: 2599:. Archived from 2598: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2564: 2558: 2557: 2555: 2548: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2522: 2515: 2506: 2493: 2492: 2483: 2481:10.17487/RFC8118 2461: 2286: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2266: 2235: 2227: 2175: 2168: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2124: 2116: 1977:Adobe FrameMaker 1766:HTML Form format 1653: 1637:File attachments 1576:Submit form data 1239:Alternate Images 1235:external streams 967:page description 892: 885: 873: 862: 855: 851: 836: 828: 813:(other than 0). 804: 796: 792: 769: 754: 750: 740: 730: 721: 714: 710: 672: 579:container format 569:techniques like 549: 501:data compression 272: 269: 267: 265: 263: 249: 208:Extended to 191: 189: 184: 157: 134: 119: 114: 109: 103: 88: 73: 66: 62: 9185: 9184: 9180: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9174: 9165:Vector graphics 9110: 9109: 9108: 9103: 9094:Self-publishing 9013: 9004:Standard Ebooks 8955: 8863: 8781:Calligra Author 8725: 8636:Bluefire Reader 8591: 8491: 8438: 8433: 8403: 8398: 8380: 8304: 8030: 7182: 6131: 6113: 6110: 6104: 6074: 6069: 6036: 6005: 5961:Office Open XML 5934: 5925: 5895: 5890: 5858: 5820: 5762: 5679: 5656: 5292: 5287: 5245:Wayback Machine 5235:Wayback Machine 5219:Wayback Machine 5199:Wayback Machine 5189:Wayback Machine 5179:Wayback Machine 5161:PDF Association 5157: 5129:Wayback Machine 5107:Wayback Machine 5085:Wayback Machine 5071:Wayback Machine 5049:Wayback Machine 5026: 5024: 5015: 5005: 5003: 4995: 4987: 4973: 4950: 4942: 4940:Further reading 4937: 4936: 4930: 4894: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4840: 4839: 4829: 4827: 4822: 4821: 4817: 4807: 4805: 4796: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4779: 4766: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4740: 4739: 4735: 4721: 4720: 4716: 4703: 4701: 4692: 4691: 4687: 4674: 4672: 4663: 4662: 4658: 4639: 4635: 4619: 4618: 4611: 4609: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4589:Wayback Machine 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4550: 4549: 4545: 4535: 4533: 4518: 4514: 4497: 4496: 4492: 4482: 4480: 4469: 4465: 4455: 4453: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4433:Wayback Machine 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4398: 4397: 4393: 4383: 4381: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4331: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4288: 4262: 4258: 4248: 4246: 4231: 4205: 4201: 4188: 4187: 4183: 4173: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4156: 4155: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4112: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4082: 4075: 4071: 4070: 4063: 4053: 4051: 4042: 4041: 4037: 4027: 4025: 4014: 4010: 4000: 3998: 3989: 3988: 3984: 3968: 3967: 3960: 3958: 3953: 3952: 3948: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3925: 3921: 3920: 3916: 3906: 3904: 3889: 3885: 3875: 3873: 3862: 3858: 3848: 3846: 3837: 3836: 3832: 3822: 3820: 3819:on May 27, 2010 3816: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3787:on May 29, 2010 3779: 3778: 3774: 3764: 3762: 3749: 3748: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3721: 3717: 3707: 3705: 3696: 3695: 3691: 3681: 3679: 3666: 3665: 3661: 3651: 3649: 3640: 3639: 3635: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3567: 3565: 3552: 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3531: 3524: 3518: 3505: 3492:cite conference 3489: 3488: 3483: 3475: 3471: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3446: 3436: 3434: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3388: 3387: 3383: 3373: 3371: 3358: 3357: 3353: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3319:PDF Association 3310: 3306: 3305: 3301: 3291: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3253: 3252: 3247: 3241: 3237: 3220:Howard, Jacci. 3218: 3214: 3204: 3202: 3193: 3192: 3188: 3178: 3176: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3136: 3135: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3067: 3057: 3055: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3031: 3029: 3014: 3010: 3002: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2965: 2950: 2940: 2938: 2929: 2928: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2900: 2899: 2895: 2885: 2883: 2874: 2873: 2866: 2856: 2854: 2850: 2843: 2837: 2833: 2803: 2802: 2798: 2786: 2775: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2752: 2750: 2741: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2713: 2709: 2708: 2704: 2694: 2692: 2675: 2671: 2661: 2659: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2638: 2624: 2611: 2603: 2596: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2577: 2575: 2566: 2565: 2561: 2553: 2546: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2520: 2513: 2511:"PDF Reference" 2507: 2496: 2462: 2455: 2450: 2423: 2397: 2391: 2385: 2371:, and document 2357: 2347:There are also 2311:. The freeware 2297: 2287: 2276: 2270: 2267: 2252: 2236: 2225: 2176: 2165: 2159: 2156: 2141: 2125: 2114: 2062:Global Graphics 2039: 2025:project of the 2000:Poppler library 1943:(if updated to 1918: 1913: 1906: 1883:OUTLOOK.PDFWorm 1875: 1842: 1837: 1831: 1822: 1723: 1711: 1671: 1651: 1647: 1639: 1633:as TS 102 778. 1519: 1506: 1475: 1465: 1460: 1448:Adobe Photoshop 1442:version 9. The 1412: 1357:character codes 1290:unembedded font 1255: 1160:RunLengthDecode 1134:specification ( 1065: 1049:shading pattern 1017: 1015:Vector graphics 933: 890: 883: 871: 860: 853: 849: 834: 826: 802: 794: 790: 767: 752: 748: 738: 729: 719: 712: 708: 670: 659: 563:Adobe Distiller 547: 510: 458:bitmap graphics 454:vector graphics 450: 376: 370: 323:vector graphics 313:. Based on the 260: 244: 203: 187: 185: 182: 178:Initial release 169: 155: 132: 122: 117: 112: 107: 102:application/pdf 101: 86: 76: 59: 52: 47: 46: 45: 44: 43: 42: 26: 12: 11: 5: 9183: 9173: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9105: 9104: 9102: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9059:E-book lending 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9039:Braille e-book 9036: 9031: 9025: 9023: 9019: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9011: 9006: 9001: 9000: 8999: 8994: 8984: 8979: 8974: 8969: 8963: 8961: 8957: 8956: 8954: 8953: 8948: 8943: 8941:Kobo Bookstore 8938: 8933: 8932: 8931: 8926: 8916: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8896: 8891: 8886: 8880: 8878: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8861: 8856: 8851: 8846: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8796: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8778: 8773: 8768: 8763: 8758: 8756:Adobe RoboHelp 8753: 8751:Adobe InDesign 8748: 8743: 8737: 8735: 8731: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 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3235: 3226:About.com Tech 3212: 3186: 3159: 3150: 3131:jimpravetz.com 3125:Pravetz, Jim. 3117: 3091: 3065: 3039: 3008: 2984: 2977: 2948: 2919: 2893: 2864: 2831: 2796: 2764: 2734: 2702: 2669: 2643: 2636: 2609: 2585: 2559: 2534: 2494: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2446: 2445: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2429: 2422: 2419: 2387:Main article: 2384: 2381: 2356: 2353: 2349:web annotation 2289: 2288: 2239: 2237: 2230: 2224: 2221: 2196:classic Mac OS 2178: 2177: 2128: 2126: 2119: 2113: 2110: 2038: 2035: 2031:Apache License 1973:Adobe InDesign 1917: 1914: 1905: 1902: 1874: 1871: 1851:shadow attacks 1841: 1838: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1818: 1795: 1794: 1791: 1780: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1740: 1739: 1733: 1722: 1719: 1714:Rich Media PDF 1710: 1707: 1680:screen readers 1670: 1667: 1646: 1643: 1638: 1635: 1613:digital signed 1594: 1593: 1590: 1583: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1544:owner password 1518: 1515: 1505: 1502: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1428:blending modes 1411: 1408: 1342: 1341: 1336: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1269:of a selected 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5307: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5284: 5279: 5277: 5272: 5270: 5265: 5264: 5261: 5255:) at TUG 2007 5254: 5253:Adobe Systems 5250: 5246: 5242: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5210: 5206: 5203: 5200: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5168: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5158: 5149: 5148:0-201-62628-4 5145: 5141: 5138: 5136: 5133: 5130: 5126: 5125:errata to 1.3 5122: 5121:0-201-61588-6 5118: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5103:errata to 1.4 5100: 5099:0-201-75839-3 5096: 5092: 5089: 5086: 5082: 5081:errata to 1.5 5078: 5075: 5072: 5068: 5067:errata to 1.6 5064: 5063:0-321-30474-8 5060: 5056: 5053: 5050: 5046: 5045:errata to 1.7 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5022: 5018: 5013: 5002: 4998: 4993: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4974: 4972:1-58113-594-7 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4949: 4944: 4943: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4903: 4899: 4892: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4850: 4844: 4837: 4825: 4819: 4803: 4799: 4793: 4777: 4773: 4769: 4763: 4747: 4743: 4737: 4728: 4724: 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Retrieved 2518:the original 2466: 2409: 2398: 2383:Alternatives 2361:file formats 2358: 2346: 2313:Foxit Reader 2298: 2277: 2268: 2253:Please help 2241: 2207: 2181: 2166: 2157: 2142:Please help 2130: 2107: 2080: 2076: 2072:Agfa-Gevaert 2070: 2066: 2040: 2020: 1989: 1922: 1919: 1899: 1895: 1886: 1882: 1880: 1876: 1850: 1843: 1823: 1811: 1799: 1796: 1787: 1783: 1758: 1754: 1743: 1741: 1725: 1724: 1713: 1712: 1701: 1697: 1682:, including 1672: 1663: 1656: 1648: 1640: 1622: 1617: 1606: 1595: 1557: 1553: 1543: 1539: 1537: 1530: 1527: 1520: 1511: 1507: 1495: 1487: 1478: 1476: 1452: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1410:Transparency 1397: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1382: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1354: 1349: 1345: 1343: 1308: 1306: 1289: 1285: 1281: 1275: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1256: 1238: 1234: 1232: 1222: 1208: 1183: 1169: 1159: 1153: 1145: 1123: 1095: 1089: 1083: 1076: 1073:inline image 1072: 1068: 1066: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1020: 1018: 1005: 997: 989: 981: 974: 966: 962: 937: 934: 926: 920:software or 914: 899: 879: 869: 843: 830: 822: 815: 810: 806: 798: 786: 782: 778: 774: 772: 765: 735:Dictionaries 695:Real numbers 689: 685: 674: 667:magic number 660: 644: 633: 591: 583:dependencies 560: 541: 537:control flow 511: 484: 480: 456:, text, and 451: 442: 426: 422:royalty-free 407: 389: 380:John Warnock 377: 350:data formats 335: 331:John Warnock 286: 282: 278: 277: 151:Magic number 60: 38: 29:This is the 23: 8924:Google Play 8859:Writer2epub 8844:QuarkXPress 8819:LibreOffice 8791:eXeLearning 8721:Sumatra PDF 8716:STDU Viewer 8618:Apple Books 8582:Smartphones 8457:FictionBook 8035:20000–29999 7187:10000–19999 5588:Logluv TIFF 5251:(45 mins) ( 5027:January 31, 4881:January 12, 4830:January 12, 4704:January 12, 4675:January 12, 4566:January 12, 4536:January 12, 4483:January 11, 4456:January 12, 4174:January 12, 4142:January 12, 4115:December 3, 4054:January 12, 4028:January 12, 3961:January 12, 3939:January 12, 3907:January 12, 3849:January 12, 3823:January 12, 3791:January 12, 3765:January 12, 3735:January 12, 3708:January 12, 3682:January 12, 3672:Adobe Press 3626:January 12, 3568:January 12, 3538:January 12, 3374:January 12, 3321:. 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