828:
61:
437:
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118:
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684:
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283:
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238:
666:. Working conditions were extremely harsh, with rule-breaking punished by flogging or imprisonment, and each worker had to extract one metric ton of phosphate per day to earn 3.5 rupees. In 1968, Mauritian workers revolted, and the operation's management appealed to the prefect of Réunion for help. The revolt brought government and media attention to abusive practices on the island, including
512:, a Galician admiral in the service of Portugal, came across the uninhabited island in 1501 while he was crossing the Mozambique Channel during an expedition to India. He called it Galega or Agalega (the Galician) in reference to his nationality. The island then came to be named for him, with the Spanish spelling: On subsequent maps it was labeled
2032:"Arrêté du 21 septembre 2015 prolongeant le permis exclusif de recherches de mines d'hydrocarbures conventionnels liquides ou gazeux, dit « permis de Juan de Nova maritime profond » (Terres australes et antarctiques françaises), aux sociétés South Atlantic Petroleum JDN SAS et Marex Petroleum Corp, conjointes et solidaires"
793:
offshore. This authorization covers an area of approximately 62,000 square kilometers surrounding the island. In 2008, a subsequent decree granted an exploration permit for the "Juan de Nova Est" field to the companies
Nighthawk Energy Plc, Jupiter Petroleum Juan de Nova Ltd, and Osceola Hydrocarbons
696:
In 1963, an auxiliary weather installation, called "la
Goulette," was installed to carry out regular temperature and pressure readings. But on a visit to the island in 1971, a representative of the Weather Service found numerous irregularities in the readings, as well as poor security on the island,
742:
Today, most of the installations from the mining days are in ruins, and only a few buildings are maintained for military use. Upkeep is also performed on the cemetery. The island has been converted into a nature preserve, which aims to protect biodiversity and particularly coral reefs. It is closed
776:
deposit on the surface of the island. This became the first natural resource to be exploited on the island in the 20th century. This mining operation led to the establishment of the first structures on the island, and the workers also planted coconut trees, whose products were also exported. The
462:
The island was created when an underwater promontory of a coral reef emerged when the reef was dismantled by ocean currents, producing a sandy island. The prevailing south-southwest winds form dunes on the island, which, at 10 meters (33 ft) tall, form the island's highest points.
798:
Ltd for the "Juan de Nova
Maritime Profond" field. The licensees had to commit to investing around $ 100 million over five years for mining and research. The eastern boundary of these exploration areas is in contention with Madagascar and its exclusive economic zone.
675:
In the 1960s, the price of phosphate collapsed, and the mining operation on the island ceased to be profitable. SOFIM was dissolved in 1968, and the last workers left the island in 1975. The French government retook control of the concession, paying 45 million
835:
Three or four times a year, scientists come to Juan de Nova Island to study its ecosystem. Despite the ongoing scientific efforts, an inventory of the island's biodiversity (particularly genetics) is only in its earliest stages. There is much to be studied.
483:
The island is about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) long from east to west, and 1.6 kilometres (0.99 mi) wide, with an area of approximately 4.8 km (1.9 sq mi). The entire quasi-atoll is 30 kilometres (19 mi) in circumference, with an
466:
Its southwest coast is bordered by a coral reef that prevents ships from landing, and the northeast coast consists of a lagoon that becomes sandy and impassable at low tide. There is a single pass that allows access to the island.
3093:
751:
The island lies on the sea route between South Africa and the northern tip of
Madagascar. It is affected by strong currents and has become the site of numerous wrecks. Most visible are the remains of the
3317:
127:
2641:
647:
In 1952, a second concession was granted for 15 years to the Société française des îles
Malgaches (SOFIM), led by Hector Patureau. This concession was renewed for 25 years in 1960, after
3086:
2386:
563:, it was not of interest to the colonial powers because of its small size and little utility as a stopover. However, it is possible that it served as a refuge for pirates, such as
874:"The reefs of these deserted and isolated islands like Juan de Nova Island are preserved from all pollution and anthropogenic influence. But they are affected by climate change."
2526:
594:
fishermen during sea turtles' nesting season. However, around 1900, the island was granted to a
Frenchman for a 20-year lease. He initiated the exploitation of the island's
2662:
3079:
3322:
3302:
636:. The island was abandoned during the war, and it was visited by German submariners. Installations, including a hangar, rail lines, houses and a jetty are in ruins.
2634:
2013:
2075:"Première mention d'Aedes albopictus, vecteur d'arbovirus, dans les îles Éparses du canal du Mozambique et actualisation de l'inventaire de la faune culicidienne"
3307:
449:
2627:
2519:
843:'s ECOMAR lab have worked to identify or observe seabirds around the island. In particular, they have worked to study the behavior of 2 million pairs of
728:). Its aim was primarily to respond to Madagascar's claims to those territories, which France considers protected within an exclusive economic zone.
2102:
1961:"Arrêté du 23 mai 2005 accordant une autorisation de prospections préalables d'hydrocarbures liquides ou gazeux portant sur le sous-sol de la mer"
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67:
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60:
2176:
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712:, which for a time brought a team of workers to the island under the supervision of Hector Patureau, but it was quickly abandoned.
1987:
953: – with at least 50 breeding pairs recorded in 1994. Of at least seven species of land birds present, most are probably
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80:
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382:
267:
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701:, a basic, year-round weather station was built in 1973 in the southwest part of the island, at the end of the airstrip.
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Such environments are useful for scientists to measure to what degree environmental changes are attributable to humans.
1846:
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was built on the island in 1934. Guano exploitation continued for several decades, with a pause in activity during
966:
444:
Juan de Nova is located in the
Mozambique Canal, closer to the Madagascar side: 140 kilometres (87 mi) from
739:. They settled in housing that formerly hosted SOFIM workers. The troops receive supplies by air every 45 days.
598:
deposits, which production reaching 53,000 tons in 1923. A coconut grove on the island also produced 12 tons of
3297:
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However, these projects have been abandoned since 2019, when the island was classified as a nature reserve.
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840:
17:
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3071:
3122:
3015:
2349:
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In 2015, the drilling authorization was renewed
Sapetro and Marex Petroleum for a period of three years.
412:
Juan de Nova, about six kilometres (3.7 mi) long and 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) at its widest, is a
252:
3213:
827:
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being practiced by one of the foremen, and some members of the staff were fired by SOFIM's president.
613:. Then, before the independence of Madagascar, France transferred the administration of the island to
3337:
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2826:
2273:
3127:
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Anchorage is possible off the northeast of the island which also has a 1,300-metre (4,300 ft)
2583:
614:
903:
517:
485:
436:
3155:
1801:"Pays indépendants et capitales du monde : Entités géopolitiques dépendantes au 01.06.2006"
3170:
3025:
1778:
1727:
972:). A year on the island can be divided into two seasons: the cool season and the rainy season.
942:
677:
2967:
2115:
BirdLife
International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Juan de Nova. Downloaded from
2031:
1960:
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1800:
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950:
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which was still under the responsibility of
Patureau. Following the recommendations of the
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8:
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The scientists are also observing and working to mitigate the impact of the presence of
480:(nicknamed the Charbonnier), which ran aground in 1911 on the island's southwest coast.
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1921:
Xavier Capy and Alain Le Roy, "Juan de Nova. Mission aux îles Éparses avec l'Etom 50",
954:
910:
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became independent in 1960, and it has claimed sovereignty over the island since 1972.
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to access, with temporary authorization granted to scientists on short-term missions.
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The island had never been inhabited when it became a possession of France, alongside
564:
525:
359:
3223:
3132:
2743:
2396:
2130:"Klimatafel von Juan de Nova (Insel), Iles Desirades / Indischer Ozean / Frankreich"
772:
The presence of a significant bird population on Juan de Nova Island led to a major
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In 2005, a government decree authorized preliminary exploration for liquid or gas
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In 1974, the French government decided to install military detachments across the
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378:. It is a low, flat island, 4.8 square kilometres (1.9 sq mi) in size.
354:
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93:
47:
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1936:"Les récifs coralliens protégés de l'outre-mer français · Documentation Ifrecor"
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949:, with up to 100,000 breeding pairs. It also has a much smaller colony of
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1900:
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2061:
Spread of the Tiger: Global Risk of Invasion by the Mosquito Aedes albopictus
1828:
1462:
899:
891:
724:
that lay within the Mozambique Channel (Juan de Nova, Europa Island, and the
605:
In 1921, France transferred the administration of Juan de Nova from Paris to
584:
421:
179:
166:
3261:
651:'s independence. Structures were built throughout the island to support the
3101:
2879:
1883:
Biologie marine et exploitation des ressources de l’océan Indien occidental
1753:"PHOTOS. Le président Macron envoie l'Armée française sur les îles éparses"
866:
848:
655:
mining operation, including warehouses, housing, a prison, and a cemetery.
633:
126:
731:
Juan de Nova Island was assigned a small garrison of 14 soldiers from the
420:—of roughly 40 square kilometres (15 sq mi). Forests, mainly of
3188:
2658:
2288:
2014:"Pétrole : deux compagnies font plier Ségolène Royal à Juan de Nova"
847:
that have sought refuge on the island, forming the largest colony in the
790:
560:
552:. Historically, the island was sometimes confused with the nearby island
445:
425:
3208:
3203:
1935:
831:
Coral reefs are an important part of Juan de Nova Island's biodiversity.
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2796:
2791:
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surrounded by reefs which enclose an area—not a true lagoon like in an
375:
371:
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288:
2874:
2811:
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366:) is a French-controlled tropical island in the narrowest part of the
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629:
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The difficult conditions for accessing the island has caused several
314:
861:
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3005:
2915:
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Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world
886:
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393:
2154:
3318:
Important Bird Areas of the Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
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exploitation of guano stopped around 1970, after the price of
2957:
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773:
599:
595:
417:
474:, some of which remain on the Island, including that of the
844:
571:
Acquisition by France and resource exploitation (1896–1975)
2116:
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459:
and 288 kilometres (179 mi) from the African coast.
2661:
but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see
2059:
Benedict MQ, Levine RS, Hawley WA & Lounibos LP –
920:, an invasive Asian species that can carry pathogenic
389:, however its sovereignty is disputed by Madagascar.
27:
French territory and island in the Mozambique Channel
759:which ran onto the southern fringing reef in 1911.
715:
448:, 207 kilometres (129 mi) west-southwest from
3323:Islands of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
1988:"L'embarrassant pétrole français des îles Eparses"
590:At the time, the only visitors to the island were
3303:1897 establishments in the French colonial empire
1876:"Notes sur les îles françaises de l'océan Indien"
496:
396:. The island is garrisoned by French troops from
3284:
965:The island exhibits a tropical savanna climate (
2073:L. Bagny, M. Freulon, & H. Delatte (2009).
643:Hector Patureau's house on Juan de Nova Island.
68:Flag of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
858:, says based on their research on the island:
3087:
2635:
2520:
2170:
692:Installation of a weather station (1971–1973)
3056:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
3051:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2101:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1725:
556:, which is completely covered at high tide.
488:of 61,050 km (23,570 sq mi).
78:
39:
3308:Former populated places in the Indian Ocean
2320:
2063:. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2007, 7, 76-85
945:because it supports a very large colony of
856:Institut de recherche pour le développement
658:The workers on the island came mainly from
440:A map of Juan de Nova Island and its reefs.
381:Administratively, the island is one of the
3094:
3080:
2650:Outlying territories of European countries
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559:Although the island was located along the
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579:A coconut grove on Juan de Nova Island.
428:nest on the beaches around the island.
14:
3285:
1873:
1817:from the original on 10 November 2011.
932:
733:2nd Marine Infantry Parachute Regiment
3075:
2751:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
2623:
2536:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
2508:
2319:
2196:
2158:
2055:
2053:
1062:Climate data for Juan de Nova Island
937:The island has been identified as an
762:
722:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
611:colony of Madagascar and Dependencies
383:Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean
370:, about one-third of the way between
353:
268:Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean
1869:
1867:
924:, has also been seen on the island.
680:to Hector Patureau in compensation.
505:The cemetery on Juan de Nova Island.
2714:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
2184:
2139:(in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst
2122:
387:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
258:French Southern and Antarctic Lands
24:
3333:Territorial disputes of Madagascar
2091:from the original on 28 July 2017.
2050:
1985:
1925:, no. 398, January 2012, p. 16-23.
808:
794:Ltd, as well as to Marex Inc. and
25:
3349:
1864:
1808:Commission Nationale de Toponymie
1052:80% (December) to 83% (February)
199:4.8 km (1.9 sq mi)
3115:Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands
2734:Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands
2604:
2594:
2582:
1847:"BEST Initiative - Indian Ocean"
716:Military presence (1974–present)
281:
236:
59:
2387:French domains of the Holy Land
2109:
2066:
2024:
2006:
1979:
1953:
784:
708:tourist resort was proposed by
687:A beach on Juan de Nova Island.
544:), before finally being dubbed
424:, cover about half the island.
3328:Territorial disputes of France
3021:British Indian Ocean Territory
2382:French domains of Saint Helena
1928:
1915:
1889:
1839:
1821:
1793:
1771:
1745:
869:family on Juan de Nova Island.
587:and Bassas da India, in 1897.
497:Discovery of the island (1501)
407:
13:
1:
1738:
2020:(in French). 2 October 2015.
1810:(in French). 24 April 2006.
841:University of Reunion Island
431:
81:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7:
3313:France–Madagascar relations
3107:French Southern Territories
3016:British Antarctic Territory
2657:Territories under European
2357: and Antarctic Lands
1535:Average precipitation days
1321:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1181:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
223:12.3 km (7.64 mi)
10:
3354:
1723:
1061:
960:
927:
491:
3247:
3239:Rallier du Baty Peninsula
3179:
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3113:
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2840:
2827:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
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2665:for further information).
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2274:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
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2192:
1759:(in French). 27 July 2021
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885:on the island, including
854:Pascale Chabanet, of the
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34:
3123:Falaises d'Entrecasteaux
3061:Turks and Caicos Islands
2413: the Indian Ocean
767:
550:William Fitzwilliam Owen
548:by the British explorer
3214:Île Saint-Lanne Gramont
2321:Uninhabited territories
2117:http://www.birdlife.org
904:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
823:on Juan de Nova Island.
518:Salvatore de Pilestrina
486:exclusive economic zone
215:1.6 km (1 mi)
207:6 km (3.7 mi)
3229:Péninsule Jeanne d'Arc
3128:Plateau des Tourbières
3026:British Virgin Islands
2251: collectivities
1728:Deutscher Wetterdienst
1726:
943:BirdLife International
876:
870:
832:
824:
817:A spider of the genus
704:A project to create a
688:
644:
580:
506:
441:
355:[ilʒɥɑ̃dənɔva]
346:
309:Additional information
79:
40:
3298:Islands of Madagascar
2853:Caribbean Netherlands
2198:Inhabited territories
951:greater crested terns
872:
864:
839:Researchers from the
830:
816:
686:
642:
578:
504:
439:
180:17.05556°S 42.72500°E
3156:Île de la Possession
3103:Important Bird Areas
2476:overseas departments
2411:Scattered Islands in
2292: collectivity
2082:ENTOMOLOGIE MÉDICALE
1111:Record high °C (°F)
385:, a district of the
3293:Juan de Nova Island
3267:Juan de Nova Island
3234:Loranchet Peninsula
2968:Plazas de Soberanía
2778:Juan de Nova Island
2569:Juan de Nova Island
2445:Juan de Nova Island
2332:North Pacific Ocean
2038:. 21 September 2015
1874:Malick, M. (1976).
1851:European Commission
1391:Record low °C (°F)
1251:Daily mean °C (°F)
939:Important Bird Area
933:Important Bird Area
699:World Weather Watch
339:Juan de Nova Island
304:15 (military, 2019)
185:-17.05556; 42.72500
176: /
104:
36:Juan de Nova Island
2983:Chafarinas Islands
2663:inclusion criteria
2601:Islands portal
2350:Overseas territory
1903:on 29 January 2012
1029:December to March
997:April to November
911:Mansonia uniformis
871:
833:
825:
763:Economic resources
689:
645:
581:
507:
450:Tanjona Vilanandro
442:
368:Mozambique Channel
253:Overseas territory
153:Mozambique Channel
102:
3280:
3279:
3249:Scattered Islands
3199:Golfe du Morbihan
3194:Courbet Peninsula
3181:Kerguelen Islands
3171:Îlots des Apôtres
3166:Île des Pingouins
3133:Saint Paul Island
3069:
3068:
2978:Alhucemas Islands
2832:Wallis and Futuna
2744:Saint Paul Island
2729:Kerguelen Islands
2699:Clipperton Island
2617:
2616:
2611:Oceans portal
2502:
2501:
2466:
2465:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2401:Amsterdam Islands
2392:Kerguelen Islands
2340:Clipperton Island
2311:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2279:Wallis and Futuna
1835:. 22 August 2015.
1735:
1734:
1584:relative humidity
1056:
1055:
669:droit du seigneur
565:Olivier Levasseur
336:
335:
100:
99:
16:(Redirected from
3345:
3338:Seabird colonies
3096:
3089:
3082:
3073:
3072:
3046:Pitcairn Islands
3036:Falkland Islands
2817:Saint Barthélemy
2766:Glorioso Islands
2739:Amsterdam Island
2709:French Polynesia
2644:
2637:
2630:
2621:
2620:
2609:
2608:
2599:
2598:
2586:
2557:Glorioso Islands
2529:
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2506:
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2431:Glorioso Islands
2412:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2352:
2328:
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2317:
2316:
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2264:Saint Barthélemy
2259:French Polynesia
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2010:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1986:Sartre, Julien.
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1932:
1926:
1919:
1913:
1912:
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1908:
1899:. Archived from
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1018:
1014:
1007:
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975:
974:
917:Aedes albopictus
883:invasive species
865:A crab from the
726:Glorioso Islands
538:Saint-Christophe
530:San-Christophoro
458:
357:
352:
347:Île Juan de Nova
287:
285:
284:
242:
240:
239:
191:
190:
188:
187:
186:
181:
177:
174:
173:
172:
169:
129:
120:
105:
101:
84:
63:
51:
43:
41:Île Juan de Nova
32:
31:
21:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3276:
3272:Tromelin Island
3243:
3175:
3151:Île aux Cochons
3137:
3109:
3100:
3070:
3065:
2994:
2941:
2920:
2911:Queen Maud Land
2884:
2836:
2783:Tromelin Island
2756:Bassas da India
2687:
2666:
2651:
2648:
2618:
2613:
2603:
2593:
2587:
2578:
2574:Tromelin Island
2547:Bassas da India
2538:
2533:
2503:
2498:
2480:Claimed by the
2454:
2450:Tromelin Island
2421:Bassas da India
2405:
2355:French Southern
2344:
2322:
2303:
2283:
2243:
2211: regions
2199:
2188:
2186:Overseas France
2183:
2153:
2152:
2142:
2140:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2110:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2077:
2071:
2067:
2058:
2051:
2041:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2012:
2011:
2007:
1997:
1995:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1916:
1906:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1878:
1872:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1844:
1840:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1794:
1784:
1782:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1751:
1750:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1536:
1529:
1524:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1330:
1325:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1260:
1255:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1047:
1043:
1037:
1033:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1001:
963:
935:
930:
811:
809:Fauna and flora
796:Roc Oil Company
787:
770:
765:
749:
735:, as well as a
718:
710:Gilbert Trigano
694:
573:
554:Bassas da India
542:Lislet Geoffroy
499:
494:
452:
434:
410:
402:weather station
350:
332:
291:
282:
280:
247:
237:
235:
184:
182:
178:
175:
170:
167:
165:
163:
162:
111:
109:Disputed island
94:La Marseillaise
70:
65:
64:
52:
45:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3253:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3224:Îles Nuageuses
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3185:
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3147:
3145:
3143:Crozet Islands
3139:
3138:
3136:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3099:
3098:
3091:
3084:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3031:Cayman Islands
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3002:
3000:
2999:United Kingdom
2996:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2991:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2973:Alboran Island
2965:
2960:
2955:
2953:Canary Islands
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2906:Peter I Island
2903:
2898:
2892:
2890:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2871:
2870:
2868:Sint Eustatius
2865:
2860:
2850:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2746:
2741:
2731:
2726:
2724:Crozet Islands
2721:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2685:
2680:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2647:
2646:
2639:
2632:
2624:
2615:
2614:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2581:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2562:Banc du Geyser
2554:
2549:
2543:
2540:
2539:
2532:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2474:Also known as
2471:
2468:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2460:
2459:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2441:
2440:
2437:Banc du Geyser
2428:
2423:
2417:
2415:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2403:
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:Crozet Islands
2374:
2366:
2360:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2342:
2336:
2334:
2324:
2323:
2313:
2312:
2309:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2242:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2215:
2213:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2189:
2182:
2181:
2174:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2150:
2121:
2119:on 2012-01-07.
2108:
2065:
2049:
2023:
2005:
1978:
1952:
1940:ifrecor-doc.fr
1927:
1914:
1888:
1863:
1838:
1829:"SS Tottenham"
1820:
1792:
1770:
1743:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1679:sunshine hours
1674:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1632:sunshine hours
1627:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1063:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1040:
1030:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1019:
1009:
1004:(April) to 25
998:
995:
991:
990:
987:
986:Precipitation
984:
981:
978:
962:
959:
934:
931:
929:
926:
810:
807:
786:
783:
769:
766:
764:
761:
748:
745:
717:
714:
693:
690:
572:
569:
498:
495:
493:
490:
433:
430:
414:nature reserve
409:
406:
334:
333:
331:
330:
319:
317:
311:
310:
306:
305:
302:
298:
297:
293:
292:
279:
276:
275:
271:
270:
265:
261:
260:
255:
249:
248:
233:
230:
229:
228:Administration
225:
224:
221:
217:
216:
213:
209:
208:
205:
201:
200:
197:
193:
192:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
141:
140:
135:
131:
130:
122:
121:
113:
112:
98:
97:
86:
85:
72:
71:
66:
58:
57:
54:
53:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3350:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Europa Island
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2989:
2988:Velez Islands
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2896:Bouvet Island
2894:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2807:New Caledonia
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Europa Island
2759:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2736:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2704:French Guiana
2702:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2684:
2683:Faroe Islands
2681:
2679:
2676:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2645:
2640:
2638:
2633:
2631:
2626:
2625:
2622:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2590:
2585:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2552:Europa Island
2550:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2541:
2537:
2530:
2525:
2523:
2518:
2516:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2495:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2426:Europa Island
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2416:
2414:
2408:
2402:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2351:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2314:
2300:
2299:New Caledonia
2297:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2254:
2252:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2219:French Guiana
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2206:
2202:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2138:
2131:
2125:
2118:
2112:
2104:
2098:
2087:
2084:(in French).
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2056:
2054:
2037:
2033:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2009:
1993:
1989:
1982:
1967:. 23 May 2005
1966:
1962:
1956:
1941:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1884:
1877:
1870:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1842:
1834:
1830:
1824:
1813:
1809:
1802:
1796:
1780:
1774:
1758:
1757:KoolSaina.com
1754:
1748:
1744:
1730:
1729:
1722:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:Mean monthly
1628:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1588:
1585:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1533:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1464:
1463:precipitation
1459:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1065:
1060:
1051:
1041:
1032:Stable: 28.4
1031:
1028:
1026:Rainy season
1025:
1024:
1020:
1010:
999:
996:
993:
992:
988:
985:
982:
979:
977:
976:
973:
971:
968:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
925:
923:
919:
918:
913:
912:
907:
905:
901:
900:Culex sitiens
897:
893:
892:Aedes aegypti
888:
884:
879:
875:
868:
863:
859:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
837:
829:
822:
821:
815:
806:
803:
800:
797:
792:
782:
780:
775:
760:
758:
757:
744:
740:
738:
734:
729:
727:
723:
713:
711:
707:
702:
700:
685:
681:
679:
673:
671:
670:
665:
661:
656:
654:
650:
641:
637:
635:
631:
626:
624:
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422:Casuarinaceae
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30:
19:
3266:
3219:Îles Leygues
3161:Île de l'Est
2880:Sint Maarten
2822:Saint Martin
2777:
2771:Geyser Shoal
2568:
2560:
2444:
2435:
2369:
2269:Saint Martin
2141:. Retrieved
2136:
2124:
2111:
2081:
2068:
2060:
2040:. Retrieved
2035:
2026:
2017:
2008:
1996:. Retrieved
1991:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1964:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:
1930:
1922:
1917:
1905:. Retrieved
1901:the original
1891:
1885:(in French).
1882:
1854:. Retrieved
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1807:
1795:
1783:. Retrieved
1781:. ethnia.org
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1756:
1747:
1465:mm (inches)
994:Cool season
983:Temperature
969:
964:
936:
915:
909:
896:Aedes fryeri
890:
880:
877:
873:
867:Coenobitidae
853:
849:Indian Ocean
838:
834:
818:
804:
801:
791:hydrocarbons
788:
785:Hydrocarbons
771:
755:
750:
741:
736:
730:
719:
703:
695:
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667:
657:
646:
634:World War II
627:
615:Saint-Pierre
604:
589:
582:
558:
546:Juan de Nova
545:
537:
529:
521:
516:on a map by
513:
510:João da Nova
508:
482:
475:
469:
465:
461:
443:
411:
391:
380:
363:
338:
337:
296:Demographics
234:
138:João da Nova
103:Juan de Nova
89:
76:Motto:
75:
29:
18:Juan de Nova
3189:Baie Larose
2841:Netherlands
2719:Adélie Land
2659:sovereignty
2559:(including
2492:Claimed by
2486:Claimed by
2371:Adélie Land
2289:Sui generis
1994:(in French)
1907:15 December
1763:29 November
1677:Mean daily
1021:79% to 66%
947:sooty terns
561:spice route
522:Joa de Nova
453: [
446:Tambohorano
426:Sea turtles
408:Description
183: /
159:Coordinates
3287:Categories
3262:Île du Lys
3041:Montserrat
2797:Martinique
2792:Guadeloupe
2488:Madagascar
2397:Saint Paul
2229:Martinique
2224:Guadeloupe
2042:8 February
2036:Légifrance
1998:8 February
1971:8 February
1965:Légifrance
1945:8 February
1856:5 February
1833:Wreck Site
1785:2 November
1739:References
1537:(≥ 0.1 mm)
955:introduced
887:mosquitoes
779:phosphates
664:Seychelles
649:Madagascar
623:Madagascar
607:Tananarive
602:per year.
472:shipwrecks
400:and has a
376:Mozambique
372:Madagascar
351:pronounced
301:Population
289:Madagascar
274:Claimed by
171:42°43′30″E
168:17°03′20″S
2901:Jan Mayen
2678:Greenland
2494:Mauritius
2353: (
1992:Mediapart
1046:to 275.8
1008:(August)
989:Humidity
922:arbovirus
781:dropped.
756:Tottenham
660:Mauritius
653:phosphate
536:, 1570),
528:, 1569),
477:Tottenham
432:Geography
364:Nosy Kely
327:UTC+03:00
315:Time zone
220:Coastline
144:Geography
134:Etymology
3209:Île Howe
3204:Île Foch
3006:Anguilla
2925:Portugal
2916:Svalbard
2249:Overseas
2209:Overseas
2097:cite web
2086:Archived
2018:Le Marin
1812:Archived
1724:Source:
1672:3,228.5
1582:Average
1461:Average
1015:to 39.6
889:such as
754:SS
737:gendarme
706:Club Med
662:and the
630:airstrip
592:Malagasy
534:Ortelius
526:Mercator
520:(1519),
394:airstrip
360:Malagasy
264:District
149:Location
3105:of the
3011:Bermuda
2963:Melilla
2937:Madeira
2875:Curaçao
2858:Bonaire
2812:Réunion
2802:Mayotte
2671:Denmark
2482:Comoros
2239:Réunion
2234:Mayotte
2143:5 April
1923:Air Fan
1530:(38.8)
1475:(11.4)
1470:(12.8)
1386:(77.5)
1381:(79.5)
1376:(78.4)
1371:(76.5)
1366:(74.7)
1361:(73.9)
1356:(74.1)
1351:(75.7)
1346:(78.4)
1341:(80.2)
1336:(80.2)
1331:(79.7)
1326:(79.9)
1316:(80.8)
1311:(83.1)
1306:(82.0)
1301:(80.1)
1296:(78.1)
1291:(77.0)
1286:(76.8)
1281:(78.3)
1276:(81.0)
1271:(82.9)
1266:(83.5)
1261:(82.8)
1256:(82.9)
1246:(84.0)
1241:(86.7)
1236:(85.8)
1231:(83.8)
1226:(81.9)
1221:(80.4)
1216:(80.2)
1211:(81.3)
1206:(84.0)
1201:(86.4)
1196:(86.7)
1191:(86.0)
1186:(86.2)
1036:- 28.5
980:Period
961:Climate
928:Geology
820:Nephila
619:Réunion
609:in its
492:History
398:Réunion
92: "
90:Anthem:
2932:Azores
2889:Norway
2692:France
1897:"TAAF"
1779:"data"
1669:251.1
1666:300.0
1663:313.1
1660:282.0
1657:285.2
1654:275.9
1651:273.0
1648:282.1
1645:276.0
1642:257.3
1639:203.4
1636:229.4
1525:(5.5)
1520:(0.9)
1515:(0.3)
1510:(0.0)
1505:(0.2)
1500:(0.4)
1495:(0.4)
1490:(0.7)
1485:(0.8)
1480:(5.5)
1067:Month
1042:100.7
967:Köppen
747:Wrecks
343:French
286:
244:France
241:
204:Length
48:French
44:
2958:Ceuta
2946:Spain
2848:Aruba
2133:(PDF)
2089:(PDF)
2078:(PDF)
1879:(PDF)
1815:(PDF)
1804:(PDF)
1713:10.0
1710:10.1
1456:(61)
1451:(72)
1446:(66)
1441:(66)
1436:(66)
1431:(63)
1426:(64)
1421:(66)
1416:(68)
1411:(70)
1406:(68)
1401:(61)
1396:(68)
1176:(95)
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1156:(91)
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1146:(90)
1141:(91)
1136:(91)
1131:(91)
1126:(91)
1121:(91)
1116:(93)
1106:Year
1000:28.4
845:terns
774:guano
768:Guano
600:copra
596:guano
457:]
418:atoll
212:Width
2863:Saba
2399:and
2145:2017
2103:link
2044:2021
2000:2021
1973:2021
1947:2021
1909:2011
1858:2021
1787:2019
1765:2021
1719:8.8
1716:8.1
1707:9.4
1704:9.2
1701:8.9
1698:9.1
1695:9.1
1692:9.2
1689:8.3
1686:7.2
1683:7.4
1586:(%)
1384:25.3
1379:26.4
1374:25.8
1369:24.7
1364:23.7
1359:23.3
1354:23.4
1349:24.3
1344:25.8
1339:26.8
1334:26.8
1329:26.5
1324:26.6
1314:27.1
1309:28.4
1304:27.8
1299:26.7
1294:25.6
1289:25.0
1284:24.9
1279:25.7
1274:27.2
1269:28.3
1264:28.6
1259:28.2
1254:28.3
1244:28.9
1239:30.4
1234:29.9
1229:28.8
1224:27.7
1219:26.9
1214:26.8
1209:27.4
1204:28.9
1199:30.2
1194:30.4
1189:30.0
1184:30.1
1103:Dec
1100:Nov
1097:Oct
1094:Sep
1091:Aug
1088:Jul
1085:Jun
1082:May
1079:Apr
1076:Mar
1073:Feb
1070:Jan
1011:1.9
908:and
374:and
196:Area
1625:75
1622:77
1619:75
1616:75
1613:74
1610:72
1607:71
1604:70
1601:71
1598:74
1595:78
1592:81
1589:80
1577:65
1574:10
1544:13
1541:13
1528:986
1523:139
1478:140
1473:289
1468:324
941:by
678:CFA
628:An
617:on
358:),
323:EAT
3289::
2135:.
2099:}}
2095:{{
2080:.
2052:^
2034:.
2016:.
1990:.
1963:.
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1881:.
1866:^
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1831:.
1806:.
1755:.
1571:3
1568:2
1565:1
1562:1
1559:2
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1550:5
1547:9
1518:22
1498:11
1488:18
1483:21
1454:16
1449:22
1444:19
1439:19
1434:19
1429:17
1424:18
1419:19
1414:20
1409:21
1404:20
1399:16
1394:20
1174:35
1169:35
1164:34
1159:32
1154:33
1149:33
1144:32
1139:33
1134:33
1129:33
1124:33
1119:33
1114:34
1048:mm
1044:mm
1038:°C
1034:°C
1017:mm
1013:mm
1006:°C
1002:°C
970:Aw
957:.
914:.
902:,
898:,
894:,
851:.
621:.
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455:fr
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2002:.
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1911:.
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