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400:. He hung his paintings salon style, side by side and one above another. Visitors identified each painting by the number on the frame, as listed in Catlin's catalogue. Soon after, he began a lifelong effort to sell his collection to the U.S. government. The touring Indian Gallery did not attract the paying public Catlin needed to stay financially sound, and the
640:. She was eager to escape her family home, not getting along with her father's third wife. After a brief courtship, Clara and George married on May 11, 1828. She was 19, and Catlin was 32. After their marriage, she accompanied him on one of his journeys west. They eventually had four children. Clara and his youngest son died while visiting Paris in 1845.
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It resurfaced in 1957 in the private collection of Lee B. Anderson, a pioneer collector of
American art, and was subsequently sold at Christies for $ 47,000 on 24 May 2000. The painting reflects a playful quiet domesticity that contrasts sharply from the American bison that thundered across the
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Le Chat d'Ostende is one of the most unusual paintings in Catlin's later oeuvre, dated 1868 and inscribed with the title on the stretcher. It has been called "a folky depiction of a playful cat that bore much of the same technique, wonderment and enthusiasm exhibited in the artist's later depiction
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He repeatedly heard that this was because they believed that mouth breathing made an individual weak and caused disease, while nasal breathing made the body strong and prevented disease. He observed that mothers repeatedly closed the mouth of their infants while they were sleeping, in order to
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Catlin wanted to sell his Indian
Gallery to the U.S. government to have his life's work preserved intact. His continued attempts to persuade various officials in Washington, D.C. to buy the collection failed. In 1852, he was forced to sell the original Indian Gallery, now 607 paintings, due to
387:
When Catlin returned east in 1838, he assembled the paintings and numerous artifacts into his Indian
Gallery, and began delivering public lectures that drew on his personal recollections of life among the American Indians. Catlin traveled with his Indian Gallery to major cities such as
426:
Catlin spent the last 20 years of his life trying to re-create his collection, and recreated more than 400 paintings. This second collection of paintings is known as the "Cartoon
Collection", since the works are based on the outlines he drew of the works from the 1830s.
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Great Plains of the
American West in the millions. The majestic long-haired cat itself bears some resemblance to a bison and exhibits a human-like face that may be a self-portrait given the play on words inherent in the subject matter and the artist's surname.
721:
1423:...nevertheless, the artist, who viewed himself as a visual historian documenting a "vanishing race," produced a wide array of portraits and landscapes that provide us with a partial glimpse into Indian Country from the late 1820s until the artist's death in 1872.
205:. While growing up, George encountered "trappers, hunters, explorers and settlers who stayed with his family on their travels west." Catlin was also intrigued by stories told to him by his mother, Polly Sutton, who had been captured by Indians during the 1778
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534:. Catlin exaggerated various features of the site, and his boastful account of his visit aroused his critics, who disputed his claim of being the first white man to investigate the quarry. Previous recorded white visitors include the
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instill nasal breathing as a habit. He wrote the book to document these observations, stating that "there is no person in society but who will find... improvement in health and enjoyment..." from keeping his or her mouth shut.
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in May 1838, Catlin felt he could find a more receptive audience in Europe and moved his family to
England in November 1839, then to Paris in 1845, and eventually lived in some obscurity in
179:
Memoir, Prepared at the
Request of a Committee of the Common Council of the City of New York, and Presented to the Mayor of the City, at the Celebration of the Completion of the New York Canals
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Trading Post, near what is now the North Dakota-Montana border, where he spent several weeks among indigenous people who were still relatively untouched by
European culture.
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of Native
Americans." In 1871, after an absence of more than three decades, Catlin returned to the United States and likely brought back the painting with him.
232:. After a meeting with "tribal delegation of Indians from the western frontier, Catlin became eager to preserve a record of Native American customs and individuals."
2179:
851:
1202:
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1415:
Laurence M. Hauptman; George Hamell (2003). "George Catlin: The
Iroquois Origins of His Indian Portrait Gallery". In Alexander Clarence Flick (ed.).
1937:
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488:'s "Castle". In 1879, Harrison's widow donated his original Indian Gallery, more than 500 works, along with related artifacts, to the Smithsonian.
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personal debts. The industrialist Joseph Harrison acquired the paintings and artifacts, which he stored in a factory in Philadelphia, as security.
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became Catlin's base of operations for five trips he took between 1830 and 1836, eventually visiting fifty tribes. Two years later he ascended the
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remarked on Catlin's paintings, "He has brought back alive the proud and free characters of these chiefs, both their nobility and manliness."
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also holds 239 of Catlin's illustrations of both North and South American Indians, and other illustrative and manuscript material by Catlin.
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598:, in 1862. It was based on his experiences traveling through the West, where he observed a consistent lifestyle habit among all of the
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Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs and Conditions of North American Indians: The Complete Volumes I and II: Illustrated
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153:(July 26, 1796 – December 23, 1872) was an American lawyer, painter, author, and traveler, who specialized in portraits of
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to the north. There he produced the most vivid and penetrating portraits of his career. During later trips along the
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The accuracy of some of Catlin's observations has been questioned. He claimed to be the first white man to see the
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in New York State. Several of his renderings were published in one of the first printed books to use lithography,
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1964:
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The nearly complete surviving set of Catlin's first Indian Gallery, painted in the 1830s, is now part of the
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495:'s collection. The associated Catlin artifacts are in the collections of the Department of Anthropology,
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434:, in two volumes, with approximately 300 engravings. Three years later he published 25 plates, entitled
415:, he initially attracted crowds to his Indian Gallery in London, Brussels, and Paris. The French critic
245:
2265:
1601:"Pipestone County History – National Register of Historic Places Pipestone, Minnesota Travel Itinerary"
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590:, inspired by observations made during his travels. This interest is linked to his non-fiction work,
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five times during the 1830s, Catlin wrote about and painted portraits that depicted the life of the
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603:
1626:"It Is Not Just The Sun That Shines Brightly in Florida Palm Beach Jewelry, Art And Antiques Show"
676:, where he is the subject of the unfinished doctoral dissertation by the character Irene America.
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1968:
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The breath of life, or mal-respiration, and its effects upon the enjoyments & life of man
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Illustrations of the manners, customs & condition of the North American Indians, Vol. 2
1284:
Illustrations of the manners, customs & condition of the North American Indians, Vol. 1
687:
2045:
Dippe, Brian; Mulvey, Christopher; Carpenter Troccoli, Joan; Heyman, Therese Thau (2002).
1902:: Lotnotes for the painting of Clara Bartlett Gregory Catlin. Url visited on 21 March 2012
340:, he produced more than 500 paintings and gathered a substantial collection of artifacts.
8:
2028:
History's Shadow: Native Americans and Historical Consciousness in the Nineteenth Century
465:(ed. by N. G. Humphreys, 1909). Paintings of his Spanish American Indians are published.
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169:. His early work included engravings, drawn from nature, of sites along the route of the
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in 1819 and practiced law for two years before giving it up to travel and study art.
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1938:"Luzerne County Arts & Entertainment Hall of Fame announces inaugural class"
1418:
New York History: Quarterly Journal of the New York State Historical Association
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over mouth breathing. He also observed that they had perfectly straight teeth.
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Letters and Notes on the Customs and Manners of the North American Indians
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when he was 17, although he disliked the field of law. He was admitted to
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Pshán-shaw, Sweet-scented Grass, Twelve-year-old Daughter of Bloody Hand
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977:, Pigeon's Egg Head (The Light), Going To and Returning From Washington
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South Side of Buffalo Island, Showing Buffalo Berries in the Foreground
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noted the pipestone quarry in their journals in 1805. The fur trader
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Last Rambles amongst the Indians of the Rocky Mountains and the Andes
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George Catlin met Clara Bartlett Gregory in 1828 in her hometown of
383:, an 1832 portrait now housed in the Smithsonian American Art Museum
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Painting the Wild Frontier: The Art and Adventures of George Catlin
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1995:
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Painting the Wild Frontier: The Art and Adventures of George Catlin
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Luzerne County Arts & Entertainment Hall of Fame, inducted 2023
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2049:. Smithsonian American Art Museum and W. W. Norton & Company.
1991:"'Watchmen' episode two: 'Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship'"
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University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
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1441:. Vol. I. London: Tilt and Bogue, Fleet Street. p. 16.
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1652:"Encyclopedia of the Great Plains | CATLIN, GEORGE (1796-1872)"
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After the sale of Catlin's Indian Gallery was rebuffed by the
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Catlin began his journey in 1830 when he accompanied Governor
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Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians
293:
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was featured in the second episode of the HBO drama series
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Catlin is also remembered for his research and writing on
2180:
Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois
1466:"Litchfield Historical Society: The Ledger-George Catlin"
1890:
George Catlin: A Biography. Url visited on 21 March 2012
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Catlin and his work figure repeatedly in the 2010 novel
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Ru-ton-ye-wee-ma, Strutting Pigeon, Wife of White Cloud
381:
Wah-ro-née-sah, The Surrounder, Chief of the Otoe Tribe
2066:
The Red Man's Bones: George Catlin, Artist and Showman
1857:
The Red Man's Bones: George Catlin, Artist and Showman
404:
rejected his initial petition to purchase the works.
1196:'Mr Catlin's itinerary in South America, 1852-1858'
643:Catlin died on December 23, 1872, aged 76 years in
1564:. Washington, D.C.: National Gallery of Art, 1992.
457:. The record of these later years is contained in
453:and later returned for further exploration in the
411:for a tour of European capitals. As a showman and
1847:
1844:, eighth edition, 1882, Trubner & Co., London
1367:, a friend, patron and collector of Catlin's work
995:, The Black Drink, a Warrior of Great Distinction
554:had written another account of the area in 1831.
2296:
1917:National Mississippi River Museum & Aquarium
1562:South American Indian paintings by George Catlin
931:Ojibwa Portaging Around the Falls of St. Anthony
758:Oó-je-en-á-he‑a, Woman Who Lives in a Bear's Den
622:A portrait of Clara Bartlett Gregory by Catlin,
582:Observations on Native mouth breathing practices
1030:, 1844 hand-colored lithograph by George Catlin
407:In 1839, Catlin took his collection across the
1421:. Vol. 84. The Association. p. 125.
181:, published in 1825, with early images of the
1434:
1124:, 1846–1850 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
979:, 1837–1839 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
947:Portrait of a Creole Woman with Madras Tignon
933:, 1835-1836 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
602:communities he encountered: a preference for
1575:"SAAM: George Catlin and His Indian Gallery"
440:Eight Years' Travels and Residence in Europe
1989:McDonald, Soraya Nadia (October 28, 2019).
1780:
1778:
818:The Cutting Scene, Mandan O-kee-pa Ceremony
656:National Rivers Hall of Fame, inducted 2001
188:
16:American painter and adventurer (1796–1872)
840:, He Who Puts Out and Kills, Chief of the
284:He visited eighteen tribes, including the
45:
21:For other people named George Catlin, see
1428:
436:Catlin's North American Indian Portfolio,
1988:
1913:"National Rivers Hall of Fame Inductees"
1806:
1775:
1747:
1483:
1408:
1079:, 1844 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
1064:, 1844 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
1012:, 1838 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
875:, 1834 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
805:, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
790:, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
775:, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
760:, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
745:, 1832 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
730:, 1825 (Smithsonian American Art Museum)
728:Mrs. Putnam Catlin (Mary "Polly" Sutton)
617:
511:. Some artifacts from Catlin are in the
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347:
244:
192:
2365:Writers from Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
2014:
1956:
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445:From 1852 to 1857, he traveled through
277:more than 3000 km (1900 miles) to
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2253:George Catlin: MONA collection artwork
2167:George Catlin papers and illustrations
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1228:Comanche Feats of Martial Horsemanship
693:Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship
2103:
2086:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
1962:
1818:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
1790:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
1759:Breath: The New Science of a Lost Art
1489:
1165:hand-colored lithograph, unknown date
873:Shé-de-ah, Wild Sage, a Wichita Woman
695:", which was named for the painting.
663:
480:. Until his death later that year in
343:
213:. Like his father, Catlin trained at
2360:Writers from Jersey City, New Jersey
2340:Artists from Jersey City, New Jersey
2047:George Catlin and His Indian Gallery
2025:
1445:
503:. Some 700 sketches are held by the
1378:
613:
484:, Catlin worked in a studio at the
228:and became known for his work as a
13:
2370:19th-century American male artists
1842:Shut Your Mouth and Save Your Life
1719:
1702:"George Catlin on Mouth Breathing"
1694:
1365:Benjamin O'Fallon § Collector
1274:Shut Your Mouth and Save Your Life
1219:
1122:Ball-play of the Choctaw – Ball Up
596:Shut Your Mouth and Save Your Life
505:American Museum of Natural History
497:National Museum of Natural History
14:
2391:
2210:
2185:Guide to the George Catlin Papers
1965:"'Shadow Tag,' by Louise Erdrich"
1077:Ru-ton-wee-me, Pigeon on the Wing
1010:Mick-e-no-páh, Chief of the Tribe
546:, Baron de Lahontan, and others.
2287:
2176:George Catlin letters, 1827–1870
2151:George Catlin on Mouth Breathing
1963:Frank, Joan (February 7, 2010).
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2271:Works by or about George Catlin
2230:Smithsonian American Art Museum
2201:George Catlin papers, 1821–1904
2030:. University of Chicago Press.
1982:
1930:
1905:
1893:
1881:
1834:
1669:
1644:
1618:
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1542:Smithsonian American Art Museum
1315:. London: Chatto & Windus.
1287:. London: Chatto & Windus.
1092:Koon-za-ya-me, Female War Eagle
858:Koon-za-ya-me, Female War Eagle
493:Smithsonian American Art Museum
367:Smithsonian American Art Museum
261:on a diplomatic mission up the
2345:Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
2305:19th-century American painters
2068:. W. W. Norton & Company.
1820:. RiverheadBooks. p. 50.
1792:. RiverheadBooks. p. 49.
1761:. RiverheadBooks. p. 48.
1567:
1555:
1517:
889:Comanche Feats of Horsemanship
773:Sha-kó-ka, Mint, a Pretty Girl
682:Comanche Feats of Horsemanship
557:
23:George Catlin (disambiguation)
1:
2310:19th-century American lawyers
2221:Litchfield Historical Society
1470:Litchfield Historical Society
1142:
951:
908:
623:
476:, the first secretary of the
332:rivers, as well as visits to
2350:Litchfield Law School alumni
2335:Artists of the American West
2248:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
2160:
1860:. W. W. Norton. p. 57.
1630:Antiques And The Arts Weekly
1371:
959:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
528:Minnesota pipestone quarries
468:In 1872, Catlin traveled to
7:
2286:(public domain audiobooks)
2144:
2129:. Oxford University Press.
1677:"George Catlin (1796-1872)"
1344:Catlin Hall, Wilkes College
1337:
1232:Retrieved October 29, 2019.
743:Little Bear, Hunkpapa Brave
224:In 1823, he studied art in
201:Catlin was born in 1796 in
10:
2396:
2375:Painters from Pennsylvania
2325:American frontier painters
2266:Cornell University Library
1209:The Falls of Saint Anthony
698:
631:Metropolitan Museum of Art
530:, and pipestone was named
430:In 1841, Catlin published
365:that is now housed in the
240:
203:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
78:Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania
27:
20:
2380:Artists from Pennsylvania
1253:. London: Gall and Inglis
1213:Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
650:
463:My Life among the Indians
235:
139:
134:
126:
114:
104:
85:
63:
44:
37:
2125:Vaughn, William (2000).
2019:
1656:plainshumanities.unl.edu
356:, The Six, Chief of the
189:Early life and education
28:Not to be confused with
2355:Native Americans in art
2239:National Gallery of Art
2226:George Catlin Biography
2217:George Catlin Biography
2205:Smithsonian Institution
2127:Encyclopedia of Artists
2104:Reich, Susanna (2008).
2064:Eisler, Benita (2013).
1969:San Francisco Chronicle
1854:Eisler, Benita (2013).
1840:p. 86, Catlin, George:
1490:Reich, Susanna (2008).
1395:Encyclopædia Britannica
1309:Catlin, George (1876).
1281:Catlin, George (1876).
1265:Catlin, George (1862).
1247:Catlin, George (1861).
1236:Catlin, George (1857).
1225:Catlin, George (1834).
645:Jersey City, New Jersey
486:Smithsonian Institution
482:Jersey City, New Jersey
97:Jersey City, New Jersey
2330:American male painters
2280:Works by George Catlin
2257:Museum of Nebraska Art
2083:Nestor, James (2020).
1435:George Catlin (1842).
1250:Life Among the Indians
633:
521:San Marino, California
402:United States Congress
384:
373:
361:, an 1832 portrait at
254:
198:
197:Self-portrait, aged 28
130:Clara Bartlett Gregory
2026:Conn, Steven (2004).
1107:Buffalo Bull Grazing,
621:
472:at the invitation of
379:
351:
296:in the south and the
253:between 1830 and 1855
248:
215:Litchfield Law School
196:
175:Cadwallader D. Colden
109:Litchfield Law School
2196:University of Kansas
2015:General bibliography
629:, now housed in the
594:, later retitled as
249:Catlin's travels in
2089:. Riverhead Books.
1525:The Red Man's Bones
1271:(later retitled as
1242:. Willis P. Hazard.
455:American West Coast
161:. Traveling to the
2190:2015-09-19 at the
2171:Huntington Library
1268:The Breath of Life
1178:Portrait of Chief
1028:, The Walking Bear
918:, Washington D.C.)
679:His 1834 painting
664:In popular culture
634:
592:The Breath of Life
552:Philander Prescott
517:Huntington Library
417:Charles Baudelaire
385:
374:
344:Indigenous gallery
255:
199:
2117:978-0-618-71470-4
2110:. Clarion Books.
2075:978-0-393-06616-6
1867:978-0-393-24086-3
1681:www.christies.com
1503:978-0-618-71470-4
1496:. Clarion Books.
1351:(Mew-hew-she-kaw)
838:Mó-sho-la-túb-bee
822:Denver Art Museum
515:collections. The
263:Mississippi River
207:Battle of Wyoming
159:American frontier
148:
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89:December 23, 1872
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2275:Internet Archive
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1944:. March 25, 2023
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1581:on March 3, 2016
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52:George Catlin
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39:George Catlin
36:
31:
30:George Carlin
24:
19:
2126:
2106:
2084:
2065:
2046:
2027:
2000:. Retrieved
1994:
1984:
1972:. Retrieved
1958:
1946:. Retrieved
1942:Times Leader
1941:
1932:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:
1907:
1895:
1888:ScienceViews
1883:
1871:. Retrieved
1856:
1849:
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1727:
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1696:
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1680:
1671:
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1655:
1646:
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1629:
1620:
1608:. Retrieved
1604:
1595:
1583:. Retrieved
1579:the original
1569:
1561:
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1541:
1532:
1524:
1519:
1507:. Retrieved
1492:
1485:
1473:. Retrieved
1437:
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1417:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1326:. Retrieved
1311:
1298:. Retrieved
1283:
1272:
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1249:
1237:
1226:
1208:
1184:unknown date
1177:
1159:
1136:
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1045:Grizzly Bear
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474:Joseph Henry
467:
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413:entrepreneur
406:
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352:
283:
256:
226:Philadelphia
223:
211:Pennsylvania
200:
178:
150:
149:
91:(1872-12-23)
56:William Fisk
51:
18:
2320:1872 deaths
2315:1796 births
2002:October 29,
1686:December 8,
1661:December 8,
1636:December 8,
1605:www.nps.gov
1146: 1850
955: 1837
912: 1835
627: 1830
558:Later works
536:Groselliers
501:Smithsonian
478:Smithsonian
461:(1868) and
338:Great Lakes
330:Mississippi
314:Assiniboine
269:territory.
230:portraitist
2299:Categories
1948:August 19,
1900:Christie's
1733:HathiTrust
1547:August 10,
1328:August 23,
1300:August 23,
1257:August 24,
993:Os-ce-o-lá
975:Wi-jún-jon
670:Shadow Tag
394:Cincinnati
390:Pittsburgh
363:Fort Union
354:Sha-có-pay
279:Fort Union
171:Erie Canal
70:1796-07-26
2161:Documents
1922:April 28,
1610:April 28,
1585:April 28,
1527:, p. 326.
1475:August 2,
1372:Citations
1355:Mato-tope
1026:Joc-O-Sot
892:, 1834–35
542:, Father
532:catlinite
318:Blackfeet
271:St. Louis
135:Signature
2284:LibriVox
2188:Archived
2145:Articles
1996:Andscape
1974:June 29,
1816:(2020).
1788:(2020).
1757:(2020).
1739:June 28,
1523:Eisler,
1400:June 29,
1338:See also
1211:, 1871,
1180:Comcomly
1163:players,
1047:, no. 19
820:, 1832 (
688:Watchmen
540:Radisson
409:Atlantic
336:and the
322:Arkansas
306:Cheyenne
2273:at the
2255:at The
2246:at The
2237:at The
2228:at The
2203:at The
2178:at The
2169:at The
1711:July 2,
699:Gallery
334:Florida
302:Hidatsa
241:Travels
219:the Bar
157:in the
120:Painter
2155:PubMed
2133:
2114:
2093:
2072:
2053:
2034:
1873:May 7,
1864:
1824:
1796:
1765:
1735:. 1862
1706:PubMed
1509:May 8,
1500:
1319:
1291:
1094:, 1844
1049:, 1844
997:, 1838
860:, 1834
845:, 1834
651:Honors
568:Ostend
396:, and
328:, and
316:, and
298:Mandan
292:, and
286:Pawnee
236:Career
127:Spouse
122:Author
118:Lawyer
99:, U.S.
80:, U.S.
58:, 1849
2020:Books
1138:Tipis
447:South
294:Ponca
290:Omaha
265:into
2131:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2091:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2051:ISBN
2032:ISBN
2004:2019
1976:2020
1950:2024
1924:2018
1875:2023
1862:ISBN
1822:ISBN
1794:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1741:2020
1713:2020
1688:2021
1663:2021
1638:2021
1612:2018
1587:2018
1549:2012
1511:2023
1498:ISBN
1477:2020
1402:2020
1330:2014
1317:ISBN
1302:2014
1289:ISBN
1259:2014
1161:Ball
538:and
449:and
310:Crow
86:Died
64:Born
2282:at
2264:at
2219:at
2194:at
2153:at
691:, "
672:by
519:in
507:in
369:in
326:Red
209:in
177:'s
54:by
2301::
1993:.
1967:.
1940:.
1915:.
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1704:.
1679:.
1654:.
1628:.
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1141:,
952:c.
950:,
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624:c.
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392:,
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304:,
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185:.
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2120:.
2099:.
2078:.
2059:.
2040:.
2006:.
1978:.
1952:.
1926:.
1877:.
1830:.
1802:.
1771:.
1743:.
1715:.
1690:.
1665:.
1640:.
1614:.
1589:.
1551:.
1513:.
1479:.
1404:.
1332:.
1304:.
1261:.
1230:.
1182:,
961:)
957:(
914:(
824:)
72:)
68:(
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25:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
