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590:, another close friend of the Suffolks, claimed the match was brokered by Catherine Parr's brother and his second wife. According to Cecil, they promoted the match to Northumberland who responded rather enthusiastically. The Suffolks did not favour the match much since it would have meant passing the crown out of their family to Northumberland's. However, since Northumberland claimed to have the king's support in the matter, they finally gave in. The only historical proof of some family quarrel concerning the marriage is written down by
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a pardon by placing all the blame on
Northumberland. While in his household, Lady Jane had fallen sick of food poisoning and had suspected Northumberland's family. The duchess now used her daughter's suspicions and her husband's sickness to accuse Northumberland of having tried to kill her family. Therefore, Mary was willing to pardon the Duke of Suffolk. She intended to pardon Jane once her coronation was complete, sparing the 16-year-old's life.
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imprisoned and taken to the Tower. At the time he was released, the imprisonment had taken its toll on him and he couldn't take care of the children any longer. Frances had already lost her eldest daughter, her husband and a considerable part of her lands. Nevertheless, she once more resumed care of
Francis and Margaret Willoughby, organised a place in school for the boy and took the girl to court, along with herself and her surviving daughters.
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duchess faced ruin. As a wife, she held no possessions in her own right. All her husband's possessions would return to the Crown, as usual for traitors' property. She managed to plead with the queen to show mercy, which meant at least she and her daughters had the chance of rehabilitation. The queen's forgiveness meant some of
Suffolk's property would remain with his family, or at least could be granted back at some later time.
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still planned to convince Edward VI to marry Jane, but the king had become distrustful of his two uncles. An increasingly desperate
Seymour invaded the king's bedchamber in an attempt to abduct him, and shot Edward's beloved dog when the animal tried to protect its master. Not long after Seymour was tried for treason and executed on 20 March 1549. The Suffolks convinced the
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mother from the succession and name Jane as his heir instead. Jane, startled by the news, asked her mother-in-law permission to visit her mother, yet was met with refusal. Ignoring her, Jane sneaked out of the house and went back home. Jane's mother was accused of having beaten Jane into submission to marry
Guildford Dudley.
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Catherine Parr died on 5 September 1548 which sent Jane back into the care of her mother. Thomas
Seymour pressed the Suffolks with demands that he held Jane's wardship and she should be returned to his household. Jane returned to Seymour's household and moved into Catherine Parr's apartments. Seymour
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From this passage it is often deduced that
Frances and Henry Grey had mistreated their daughter. However, Ascham wrote these words years after the actual meeting, and his view might have been influenced by the later events concerning the Greys. The letter he wrote to Jane just a few months after the
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for a time. Jane was now becoming too dangerous for Mary, and was beheaded on 12 February 1554 with her husband. Jane's father was convicted of high treason and was executed eleven days later on 23 February 1554. With two young daughters barely in their teens and her husband a convicted traitor, the
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was arrested, but released days later thanks to the duchess's intervention. The moment she heard of her husband's arrest, she rode over to Mary in the middle of the night to plead for her family. Despite all odds, not only did the duchess manage to be received by the queen, but also could secure him
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For when I am in presence of either Father or Mother, whether I speak, keep silence, sit, stand or go, eat, drink, be merry or sad, be sewing, playing, dancing or doing anything else, I must do it, as it were, in such weight, measure and number, even so perfectly as God made the world, or else I am
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On 20 November 1559, Frances Grey died due to illness. Her remains were transferred from
Richmond to Westminster Abbey where the funeral was held on 5 December. During the funeral service, her daughter Katherine participated as head mourner. The funeral was the first Protestant service performed in
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The alleged abuse of her daughter as well as her role in the machinations to bring Jane the crown are the subject of historical debate. While Jane was already with her husband
Guildford Dudley, under the supervision of his parents, she heard news that Edward VI was changing his will to exclude her
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By June 1553, Edward VI was seriously ill. The succession of his
Catholic half-sister Mary would compromise the English Reformation. Edward opposed Mary's succession, not only on religious grounds but also on those of legitimacy and male inheritance, which also applied to Elizabeth. He drafted the
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When Grey's brother-in-law's children Thomas, Margaret and Francis Willoughby were orphaned, the Greys took them under their wings. Thomas soon joined Henry and Charles Brandon at college and his siblings went to live with their uncle George Medley. However, during the Wyatt rebellion, Medley was
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on 10 July. The duchess joined her for the proclamation and during her stay in the Tower. She had been fetched when Northumberland realised Jane's confusion and overwhelming feelings, and she managed to calm her daughter down. Since she had seen the king himself and spoken to him about the
723:) and crowned the grave with Frances's effigy which still remains. Her effigy had an ermine-lined mantle over the dress with a pendant around her neck. She lies on mattress with a lion at her feet and her coronet has been repaired and gilded. The inscription on her grave reads in Latin:
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regent during the young Edward VI's minority, married Frances' daughter Jane. Frances and Henry Grey fully supported and pushed for this marriage between Guildford and Jane. The marriage would be uniting two powerful and Protestant families. Her daughter Katherine was married to
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It has been claimed since the early 18th century that Lady Jane was brutally beaten and whipped into submission by the duchess. However, there is no evidence for it. Lord Guildford was, as a fourth son, an unusual match for an eldest daughter of royal descent, and
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Frances lived in poverty during the reign of Mary I. Mary I made a point of placing her by her side, favoured but kept under the observation of the queen. She was still regarded with some suspicion and in April 1555 the Spanish ambassador,
655:. The revolt had failed by February. The plot ringleaders had wished to supplant Mary with her half-sister Elizabeth, although Elizabeth played no part in the matter. After the attempt to put Jane on the throne Frances was confined in the
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of their innocence in Seymour's scheme. Jane was again recalled home. The Duke and Duchess lost hope of marrying her to the king, who was sickly and thought likely not to live. For a time it is claimed they contemplated marrying her to
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so sharply taunted, so cruelly threatened, yea, presently sometimes with pinches, nips and bobs, and other ways, (which I shall not name, for the honour I bear them), so without measure misordered, that I think myself in hell.
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Frances's first two pregnancies resulted in the births of a son – Henry (Lord Harington), and a daughter, who both died at an early age with unknown birthdates. Their births were followed by three surviving daughters:
490:. Henry VIII died on 28 January 1547, and Edward VI succeeded to the throne. Jane followed Catherine Parr to her new residence and was established as a member of the inner circle for the nine-year-old king.
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Frances and her husband were at first outraged, but eventually, after a private audience with the king, she renounced her own rights to the throne in favour of Jane, approving the plan for the succession.
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as "the first-born daughter of the Duke of Suffolk, Jane by name, who although strongly deprecating the marriage, was compelled to submit by the insistence of her mother and the threats of her father".
582:, who was the most suspicious observer. Often perceived as proof of a conspiracy to bring the Dudley family to the throne, they have also been described as routine matches between aristocrats.
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Once again, Frances's children with Courtenay would have had a claim to the throne, but Courtenay was reluctant, and Frances escaped the marriage by another, much safer match. She married her
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Their elder brother was placed as ward under a councillor's care. Since Thomas was his father's heir, the councillor had control over the Willoughby fortune during Thomas's minority.
603:, which passed over the claims of his half-sisters and settled the Crown on his cousin Jane Grey. Like his late father, he also passed over Frances who otherwise would have been the
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succession, she could convince Jane that she was the rightful queen and heir. Their success was short-lived. Jane was deposed by armed support in favour of Mary I on 19 July 1553.
692:. It was a safe marriage for her, since any children from it would be considered too low-born to compete for the throne. Her childhood friend and stepmother
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520:. Lady Jane followed her to her new household. Frances, her husband, and other members of the aristocracy saw Jane as a possible wife for the young King.
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1016:
375:, had been married at least twice before. He obtained a declaration of nullity regarding his first marriage to Margaret Neville on the ground of
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Women, Reform and Community in Early Modern England: Katherine Willoughby, Duchess of Suffolk, and Lincolnshire's Godly Aristocracy, 1519–1580
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had married her gentleman usher, so Frances moved on familiar ground. She and Stokes married in 1555. Three children were born to the couple:
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that Frances' daughter Lady Jane Grey secured a place in the queen's household. There, Jane met Henry VIII's son and future successor,
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Westminster Abbey. Four years after her death, her husband erected an alabaster monument (this is most likely created by
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Dangerous Positions; Mixed Government, the Estates of the Realm, and the Making of the "Answer to the xix propositions
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296:; 16 July 1517 – 20 November 1559), was an English noblewoman. She was the second child and eldest daughter of King
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declared a revolt against Mary on 25 January 1554. The Duke of Suffolk joined the rebellion, but was captured by
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how Jane was following in her parents' footsteps concerning piety, and how close she was to her mother Frances.
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As the niece of Henry VIII, Frances was frequently at court. It was through her friendship with
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in 1528 to confirm his marriage to Mary Tudor, which legitimised Frances as his daughter.
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Frances Grey's posthumous reputation for being insensitive or cruel is largely based on
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reverted to the crown, and was later granted to Frances's husband. Around 1541 Bishop
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The Uncrowned Kings of England: The Black History of the Dudleys and the Tudor Throne
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visit speaks admiringly of her parents and praises both Jane's and their virtues.
509:. It is unclear as to these changes removing Frances from the line of succession.
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and younger sister of Henry VIII. For most of Frances’s childhood she resided in
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The sitter has been linked tentatively to Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk.
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336:. Frances was an uncommon name at the time, as she was reportedly named after
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Frances and her sister Eleanor had been removed from succession in the
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The Saying of John Late Duke of Northumberland Upon the Scaffold, 1553
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Elizabeth Stokes (16 July 1555 – 7 February 1556?), died in infancy
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Portrait of a woman tentatively identified as Frances, c. 1560
398:, a mansion that belonged to her parents on the west side of
1392:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 33–138, 19 May 2011,
1017:""Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk", Westminster Abbey"
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True worth alone Survives the funeral pyre and silent tomb
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Crown of Blood: The Deadly Inheritance of Lady Jane Grey
1473:"'My Lady Jane' Cast and Character Guide | Photos"
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Frances spent her childhood in the care of her mother,
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Edward VI died on 6 July 1553. Lady Jane was declared
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891:"Frances Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk & family"
458:. After the deaths of her two brothers, the title
344:, the French king. At Frances's baptism, her aunt
1242:English: Arms of Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk
873:. National Portrait Gallery Publications. p. 95.
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1386:"The History of Westminster Abbey by John Flete"
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761:'s account of a statement of her daughter Jane:
673:, wrote of a possible match between Frances and
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775:, chaplain of the Greys, told his acquaintance
924:"Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk (1517–1559)"
700:Elizabeth Stokes (20 November 1554), stillborn
421:12 October 1537 – 12 February 1554) – married
1062:John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland 1504–1553
798:Frances, Duchess of Suffolk was portrayed by
443:(c. 20 April 1545 – 20 April 1578) – married
430:(25 August 1540 – 26 January 1568) – married
1358:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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514:Thomas Seymour, 1st Baron Seymour of Sudeley
466:was made chaplain to the duke, and tutor of
328:Frances Brandon was born on 16 July 1517 in
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1045:, University of Alabama Press, 1985. p. 61
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730:Nor grace, nor splendor, nor a royal name,
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48:. Please do not remove this message until
1137:. Carroll & Graf. 2005. pp. 214–215;
68:Learn how and when to remove this message
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991:The Routledge Companion to the Tudor Age
818:. In the 2024 Amazon Prime Video series
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653:Francis Hastings, 2nd Earl of Huntingdon
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497:alongside the descendants of their aunt
44:Relevant discussion may be found on the
1355:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1352:"Grey , Frances , duchess of Suffolk".
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1113:Jordan, W.K., and M.R. Gleason (1975):
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246:Katherine Seymour, Countess of Hertford
195: 1533; died 1554)
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1310:Franklin-Harkrider, Melissa (2008).
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436:Edward Seymour, 1st Earl of Hertford
373:Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
306:Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
260:Charles Brandon, 1st Duke of Suffolk
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1503:People from Hatfield, Hertfordshire
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622:of Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk
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957:Tallis, Nicola (3 November 2016).
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1154:Christmas, Matthew. "Edward VI",
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922:Taylor, Alexander (4 July 2018).
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1390:The History of Westminster Abbey
1093:. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 152.
706:A son (December 1556), stillborn
290:Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk
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181:Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk
1170:The Sisters who would be Queen
1117:. Harvard Library. pp. 10–11,
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1523:16th-century English nobility
1513:English duchesses by marriage
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394:. The marriage took place at
324:Early life and first marriage
1508:Burials at Westminster Abbey
1398:10.1017/cbo9780511975554.003
1372:UK public library membership
1239:Sodacan (21 February 2015),
846:"Portrait of a Woman c.1560"
740:All, all have vanished here.
512:Catherine Parr then married
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1548:Mothers of English monarchs
1298:Calendar State Papers Spain
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432:Henry Herbert, Lord Herbert
50:conditions to do so are met
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1528:16th-century English women
1518:Daughters of English dukes
869:Williamson, David (2010).
454:was a minor palace in the
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1300:, vol. 13 (1954), no. 177
1197:, London: Vintage, 2001,
1195:Elizabeth. Apprenticeship
1064:. Clarendon Press. 1996,
714:Tomb effigy, erected 1563
664:Second marriage and death
601:Devise for the Succession
390:In 1533, Frances married
348:(first wife of her uncle
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963:. Michael O'Mara Books.
848:. Royal Collection Trust
308:. She was the mother of
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794:Dramatic representation
495:will of King Henry VIII
470:to Frances's daughter,
450:Frances's residence at
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330:Hatfield, Hertfordshire
118:Hatfield, Hertfordshire
1364:10.1093/ref:odnb/65987
1158:, Issue 27. March 1997
1133:Wilson, Derek (2005):
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423:Lord Guildford Dudley
338:St. Francis of Assisi
815:Sunday Night Theatre
694:Katherine Willoughby
294:Lady Frances Brandon
141:, Kingdom of England
777:Michelangelo Florio
686:Master of the Horse
428:Lady Katherine Grey
400:Borough High Street
314:Lady Katherine Grey
300:'s younger sister,
37:of this article is
871:Kings & Queens
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573:Earl of Huntingdon
122:Kingdom of England
93:Duchess of Suffolk
16:English noblewoman
1370:(Subscription or
1323:978-1-84383-365-9
1316:. Boydell Press.
1168:Leanda de Lisle:
1100:978-1-4051-9413-6
1041:Mendle, Michael.
993:, Routledge, 2012
989:O'Day, Rosemary.
970:978-1-78243-672-0
895:Westminster Abbey
879:978-1-85514-432-3
802:in the 1986 film
649:Wyatt the Younger
580:Jehan de Scheyfye
577:Holy Roman Empire
518:Lord High Admiral
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1498:1559 deaths
1493:1517 births
810:Julia James
679:Plantagenet
535:John Dudley
464:John Aylmer
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1487:Categories
1374:required.)
1083:Ives, Eric
1027:4 November
832:References
753:Reputation
592:Commendone
434:and later
381:Papal bull
361:Mary Tudor
350:Henry VIII
298:Henry VIII
270:Mary Tudor
35:neutrality
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805:Lady Jane
647:However,
565:Katherine
507:Elizabeth
404:Southwark
369:Westhorpe
365:Henry VII
342:Francis I
276:Signature
170:Spouse(s)
46:talk page
1193:(2001),
1123:75-15032
1085:(2009).
1060:(1996):
551:de facto
478:At Court
452:Bradgate
39:disputed
1413:1 April
1172:, p. 98
933:3 April
852:19 July
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