1240:
962:
924:
893:
1228:
645:
58:
908:
977:
992:
1019:
1004:
1034:
940:
479:
519:
40:
885:
because of their similarities in color, taste, and culinary uses. However, like other yams, purple yam tends to have a moister texture than sweet potatoes. Purple yams also have higher anthocyanin content than sweet potatoes. They can otherwise be used interchangeably in most recipes.
671:, only known from its cultivated forms. The vast majority of cultivars are sterile, which restricts its introduction into islands purely by human agency, making them a good indicator of human movement. Some authors have proposed, without evidence, an origin in
714:
is believed to have been introduced by the Lapita culture into New Guinea. There is also evidence of an agricultural revolution during this period brought by innovations from contact with
Austronesians, including the development of
1656:
Malapa R, Arnau G, Noyer J, et al. (November 2005). "Genetic
Diversity of the Greater Yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and Relatedness to D. nummularia Lam. and D. transversa Br. as Revealed with AFLP Markers".
758:) which requires processing before it can be edible. Although it doesn't prove cultivation, it does show that humans already had the knowledge to exploit starchy plants and that
961:
1239:
1465:"Origin of Horticulture in Southeast Asia and the Dispersal of Domesticated Plants to the Pacific Islands by Polynesian Voyagers: The Hawaiian Islands Case Study"
1975:
2310:"Characterizing genotypic variation in biochemical composition, anti-nutritional and mineral bioavailability of some Nigerian yam (Dioscorea spp.) land races"
2112:
1742:
878:
through
Philippine cuisine, under the Filipino name "ube". It is particularly popular due to the striking violet-purple color it gives to desserts.
2828:
2143:
1256:
2893:
892:
2022:
923:
2955:
2766:
2057:
1692:
Cruz V, Altoveros N, Mendioro M, et al. (1999). "Geographical patterns of diversity in the
Philippine edible yam collection".
2168:
2854:
2779:
2529:
2485:
1397:
1388:
2489:
2872:
2649:
442:
is referred to by many different names in these regions. In
English alone, aside from purple yam, other common names include
3032:
2859:
2525:
777:, where it is also grown for ceremonial purposes tied to the size of the tubers at harvest time. Its importance in eastern
2416:"Optimization of Extraction of Natural Pigment from Purple Sweet Potato by Response Surface Methodology and Its Stability"
1422:
773:
where the vividly purple variety is widely used in various traditional and modern desserts. It also remains important in
613:
were the most suitable for long transport in
Austronesian ships and were carried through all or most of the range of the
655:
The center of origin of purple yam is in the
Philippines, but archaeological evidence suggests that it was exploited in
2182:
3057:
3027:
2037:
1996:
1990:
1832:
1640:
2120:
1712:
389:
in color (hence the common name), but some range in color from cream to plain white. It is sometimes confused with
2898:
3042:
2815:
2543:
1588:
3047:
991:
411:
2973:
1983:
Why cultivate? Anthropological and
Archaeological Approaches to Foraging–Farming Transitions in Southeast Asia
1227:
690:
site, authors have suggested that it was first domesticated in the highlands of New Guinea from around 10,000
2654:
1393:
907:
810:. The violet cultivars, in particular, turn dishes distinctively vivid violet because of the high amount of
2758:
2732:
2457:
2086:
1276:
20:
2841:
2667:
2662:
2636:
1589:"The first migrants to Madagascar and their introduction of plants: linguistic and ethnological evidence"
2968:
2784:
1379:
2208:
57:
3052:
3037:
2921:
2867:
2597:
1337:
1157:
976:
2885:
1464:
533:. It is one of various species of yams that were domesticated and cultivated independently within
2960:
2753:
2745:
1064:
802:
Purple yams have edible tubers which have a mildly sweet, earthy and nutty taste, reminiscent of
672:
2693:
1156:). It has escaped from its native growth area and into the wild in many other places, becoming
2833:
2727:
2559:
664:
614:
1820:
1033:
939:
2547:
1736:
1713:"Neolithic Human Movement to Island Southeast Asia: The Search for Archaeobotanical Evidence"
1530:"Ancient crops provide first archaeological signature of the westward Austronesian expansion"
1333:
1269:
656:
587:
were the only ones regularly cultivated and eaten, while the rest were usually considered as
569:
534:
490:
about wild relatives (D. nummularia, D. transverse, and D. hastifolia; progenitor unknown) ).
161:
2934:
2807:
2701:
2509:
1773:
1541:
1437:
1283:
1193:
1060:
630:
575:
493:
1003:
8:
1262:
1205:
559:
547:
530:
2608:
2446:
1777:
1545:
1441:
492:
Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the
3022:
2994:
2947:
2740:
2396:
2342:
2309:
2290:
1956:
1871:
1796:
1757:
1674:
1611:
1564:
1529:
1173:
1110:
1056:
819:
185:
52:
2929:
2675:
2388:
2347:
2329:
2282:
2033:
1986:
1875:
1828:
1801:
1636:
1569:
1316:
1088:
553:
2473:
2400:
2294:
1960:
1678:
1615:
1018:
762:
were native to Island
Southeast Asia. Furthermore, it opens the question on whether
644:
2999:
2680:
2427:
2378:
2337:
2321:
2274:
1946:
1938:
1902:
1861:
1825:
Ten
Thousand Years of Cultivation at Kuk Swamp in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea
1791:
1781:
1724:
1666:
1603:
1559:
1549:
1479:
1445:
1213:
983:
967:
735:
386:
328:
2383:
2366:
434:
Because it has become naturalized following its origins in Asia, specifically the
2641:
2628:
1786:
1630:
1607:
1449:
1358:
1290:
1181:
686:
Based on archaeological evidence of early farming plots and plant remains in the
622:
370:
95:
1976:"Prehistoric vegeculture and social life in Island Southeast Asia and Melanesia"
1484:
2942:
2618:
2582:
1821:"Phase 4: Major Disposal Channels, Slot-Like Ditches and Grid-Patterned Fields"
1149:
1076:
835:
751:
739:
699:
695:
691:
378:
82:
2325:
1923:
1866:
1849:
1728:
1670:
3016:
2911:
2333:
1185:
1126:
1125:
pigments. The pigments are water-soluble, and have been proposed as possible
1084:
875:
847:
785:, however, has waned after the introduction of other crops, most notably the
177:
128:
108:
1891:"A Brief Note on the 2007 Excavation at Ille Cave, Palawan, the Philippines"
1554:
769:
Purple yam remains an important crop in Southeast Asia, particularly in the
2986:
2846:
2392:
2351:
1924:"The Case for Rainforest Foragers: The Starch Record at Niah Cave, Sarawak"
1805:
1573:
1177:
1106:
882:
839:
803:
786:
118:
2432:
2415:
2367:"New acylated anthocyanins from purple yam and their antioxidant activity"
2286:
2239:
1942:
2880:
2792:
2591:
1502:
1201:
1122:
1009:
811:
782:
770:
716:
676:
626:
588:
435:
2771:
2308:
Otegbayo BO, Oguniyan DJ, Olunlade BA, et al. (November 1, 2017).
2278:
1951:
1169:
1043:
914:
898:
864:
727:
680:
660:
634:
592:
538:
2797:
2714:
1189:
1039:
930:
870:
843:
778:
774:
743:
687:
138:
2553:
2261:
Wanasundera JP, Ravindran G (1994). "Nutritional assessment of yam (
2032:. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 133–170.
1907:
1890:
1322:
862:. It is often eaten boiled, baked, or as a sweetened dessert called
2981:
2576:
1087:
drugs or during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Some people may have
1080:
868:; the latter being a popular ingredient in the iced dessert called
859:
831:
668:
595:
which requires that they be prepared correctly before consumption.
2820:
2719:
1985:. McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research. pp. 61–74.
1025:
2906:
2688:
1850:"Foraging-farming transitions at the Niah Caves, Sarawak, Borneo"
1209:
1197:
1102:
1050:
949:
945:
747:
638:
419:
2706:
2307:
2183:"Ube or Not Ube, That Is the Question…and Frieda's Is Answering"
2087:"Ube Is The Natural Ingredient That Turns Food Perfectly Purple"
881:
Purple yam is commonly confused with purple/violet varieties of
478:
1165:
1145:
818:
that can be processed from them. Purple yam is most common in
815:
731:
382:
2209:"Ingredient Spotlight: Ube, the Purple Yams That Make Dessert"
1827:. terra australis. Vol. 46. ANU Press. pp. 239–268.
1823:. In Golson J, Denham T, Hughes P, Swadling P, Muke J (eds.).
1105:(486–781 mg/100 g dry matter), which are associated with
830:). It is widely applied for many Philippine desserts, such as
2144:"Ube: The Philippine Purple Yam (More Popular Than Vanilla!)"
2023:"The First Modern Humans at Niah, c. 50,000–35,000 Years Ago"
2020:
1161:
1153:
953:
851:
542:
438:, through tropical South America, and the southeastern U.S.,
374:
334:
69:
2510:
Biota of North America Program, 2013 county distribution map
2169:"Donut Shop in Gurnee Cranks Out Unique Freshly Made Donuts"
1691:
1144:
is native to the Philippines, as well as surrounding areas (
518:
39:
1847:
1756:
Chaïr H, Traore RE, Duval MF, et al. (June 17, 2016).
855:
807:
390:
349:
340:
1528:
Crowther A, Lucas L, Helm R, et al. (June 14, 2016).
766:
is a true species or cultivated much older than believed.
675:, but it shows the greatest phenotypic variability in the
369:, among many other names – is a species of
2364:
1818:
1184:
oceans. It persists in the wild in Haiti, as well as the
722:
However, much older remains identified as being probably
2030:
Rainforest Foraging and Farming in Island Southeast Asia
1755:
1133:
is sometimes grown in gardens for its ornamental value.
418:
is also grown in Okinawa. With its origins in the Asian
2058:"Everything You Need to Know About Ube, The Purple Yam"
1848:
Barker G, Lloyd-Smith L, Barton H, et al. (2011).
1527:
1421:
Barker G, Hunt C, Barton H, et al. (August 2017).
1420:
1655:
1359:"The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species"
874:. Purple yam desserts have more recently entered the
2550:'s Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health)
2260:
2113:"All hail ube, the culinary gem we took for granted"
2021:
Reynolds T, Barker G, Barton H, et al. (2013).
346:
337:
331:
2365:Moriya C, Hosoya T, Agawa S, et al. (2015).
1812:
1741:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 (
3014:
1758:"Genetic Diversification and Dispersal of Taro (
1121:The color of purple varieties is due to various
1534:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
754:), along with remains of the toxic ubi gadong (
2447:Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
1622:
1497:
1495:
1257:Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia
1051:Supplements, folk medicine and adverse effects
694:and spread into Island Southeast Asia via the
426:has been known to humans since ancient times.
399:
19:"Water yam" redirects here. For the book, see
1967:
1882:
603:, largely because of its much larger tubers.
529:is one of the most important staple crops in
2458:Flora of China, Vol. 24 Page 296, shen shu,
2051:
2049:
2014:
1973:
1819:Bayliss-Smith T, Golson J, Hughes P (2017).
1717:Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin
1416:
1414:
970:sweet potato pancakes with coconut ube sauce
2254:
2141:
1628:
1580:
1521:
1492:
1456:
2413:
1915:
1841:
1649:
38:
2431:
2382:
2341:
2080:
2078:
2046:
1950:
1906:
1888:
1865:
1795:
1785:
1749:
1596:Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa
1563:
1553:
1483:
1411:
1136:
842:, as well as an ingredient or flavor for
513:
2546:from Forestry Images (webpages from the
2301:
2234:
2232:
2230:
1895:Papers from the Institute of Archaeology
1685:
1586:
1462:
997:Purple yam cupcakes with flan top layers
901:(mashed purple yam) from the Philippines
643:
591:due to their higher levels of the toxin
517:
2530:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
2407:
1704:
1398:United States Department of Agriculture
1389:Germplasm Resources Information Network
1071:has any therapeutic properties. Use of
621:in particular were introduced into the
3015:
2466:
2314:Journal of Food Science and Technology
2075:
1921:
1423:"The 'cultured rainforests' of Borneo"
1374:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1160:in parts of southern and east-central
814:. Purple yams are also valued for the
667:. Purple yam is believed to be a true
2558:
2557:
2227:
2055:
1314:was first described and published in
2922:41f21b6c-cee0-4738-929d-8090ce565652
2358:
1659:Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution
472:
1710:
1365:
1304:
648:Aerial tuber of a white variety of
13:
2171:. ABC7 Chicago. November 11, 2016.
2084:
1981:. In Barker G, Janowski M (eds.).
1694:Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter
726:have also been recovered from the
377:). The tubers are usually a vivid
14:
3069:
2518:
2462:Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 1033. 1753.
2110:
1889:Balbaligo Y (November 15, 2007).
1723:(Melaka Papers Vol. 2): 151–158.
2974:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317625-1
1507:Te Mära Reo: The Language Garden
1238:
1226:
1032:
1017:
1002:
990:
975:
960:
938:
922:
906:
891:
477:
327:
56:
2503:
2451:
2440:
2201:
2175:
2161:
2135:
2104:
2142:Valdeavilla R (June 6, 2018).
1351:
1101:has relatively high levels of
321: – also called
1:
2414:Li J, Zhang L, Liu Y (2013).
2384:10.1080/09168451.2015.1027652
1731:(inactive September 6, 2024).
1394:Agricultural Research Service
1297:
1176:, and various islands in the
1116:
599:is also cultivated more than
393:and the Okinawa sweet potato
1787:10.1371/journal.pone.0157712
1608:10.1080/0067270X.2011.580142
1450:10.1016/j.quaint.2016.08.018
1277:Amorphophallus paeoniifolius
629:. They were also carried by
7:
3033:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1974:Barton H, Denham T (2011).
1485:10.21273/HORTSCI.29.11.1226
1250:
933:piayas from the Philippines
797:
545:, including the round yam (
522:Harvested purple yam tubers
10:
3074:
2242:. Drugs.com. July 24, 2020
1629:Walter A, Lebot V (2007).
1587:Beaujard P (August 2011).
1219:
1212:where it is considered an
18:
2566:
2371:Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
2326:10.1007/s13197-017-2913-0
1867:10.1017/S0003598X00067909
1729:10.7152/bippa.v18i0.11710
1671:10.1007/s10722-003-6122-5
1338:Missouri Botanical Garden
858:, jam and other types of
400:
191:
184:
167:
160:
53:Scientific classification
51:
46:
37:
30:
21:Water Yam (artist's book)
3058:Austronesian agriculture
3028:Plants described in 1753
1430:Quaternary International
1055:Although available as a
429:
212:Dioscorea colocasiifolia
1555:10.1073/pnas.1522714113
1107:antinutritional effects
792:
673:Mainland Southeast Asia
3043:Flora of tropical Asia
1635:. IRD Éditions-CIRAD.
1137:As an invasive species
822:(where it is known as
665:Austronesian expansion
652:
615:Austronesian expansion
523:
514:History of cultivation
488:is missing information
204:Dioscorea atropurpurea
3048:Maharashtrian cuisine
2548:University of Georgia
2028:. In Barker G (ed.).
1943:10.1353/asi.2005.0005
1509:. Benton Family Trust
1334:Saint Louis, Missouri
1270:Alocasia macrorrhizos
1075:supplements may have
657:Island Southeast Asia
647:
631:Austronesian voyagers
570:Dioscorea pentaphylla
535:Island Southeast Asia
531:Austronesian cultures
521:
2420:Journal of Chemistry
2267:Plant Foods Hum Nutr
1463:Bevacqua RF (1994).
1284:Cyrtosperma merkusii
917:from the Philippines
576:Dioscorea transversa
565:Dioscorea nummularia
292:Elephantodon eburnea
2433:10.1155/2013/590512
2123:on November 1, 2019
2091:The Huffington Post
1778:2016PLoSO..1157712C
1760:Colocasia esculenta
1546:2016PNAS..113.6635C
1503:"*Qufi ~ Uwhi, uhi"
1442:2017QuInt.448...44B
1263:Colocasia esculenta
1206:U.S. Virgin Islands
698:at around c. 4,000
573:), and pencil yam (
560:Dioscorea esculenta
548:Dioscorea bulbifera
2279:10.1007/BF01088459
1931:Asian Perspectives
1632:Gardens of Oceania
1245:Purple yam flowers
1174:Western Hemisphere
1089:allergic reactions
1057:dietary supplement
820:Philippine cuisine
653:
541:for their starchy
524:
284:Dioscorea vulgaris
252:Dioscorea purpurea
244:Dioscorea javanica
47:Sliced purple yam
3010:
3009:
2930:Open Tree of Life
2560:Taxon identifiers
2526:"Dioscorea alata"
2002:on March 28, 2019
1922:Barton H (2005).
1540:(24): 6635–6640.
1478:(11): 1226–1229.
1317:Species Plantarum
1233:Purple yam leaves
1079:in people taking
1065:clinical evidence
567:), fiveleaf yam (
554:Dioscorea hispida
511:
510:
314:
313:
304:
296:
288:
280:
272:
268:Dioscorea sapinii
264:
260:Dioscorea rubella
256:
248:
240:
236:Dioscorea globosa
232:
228:Dioscorea eburnea
224:
220:Dioscorea eburina
216:
208:
3065:
3053:Filipino cuisine
3038:Yams (vegetable)
3003:
3002:
2990:
2989:
2977:
2976:
2964:
2963:
2951:
2950:
2938:
2937:
2925:
2924:
2915:
2914:
2902:
2901:
2889:
2888:
2876:
2875:
2863:
2862:
2850:
2849:
2837:
2836:
2824:
2823:
2811:
2810:
2801:
2800:
2788:
2787:
2775:
2774:
2762:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2736:
2735:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2622:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2555:
2554:
2540:
2538:
2536:
2512:
2507:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2470:
2464:
2455:
2449:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2411:
2405:
2404:
2386:
2362:
2356:
2355:
2345:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2236:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2220:
2215:. March 24, 2017
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2194:
2189:. April 17, 2017
2179:
2173:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2119:. Archived from
2108:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2097:
2082:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2053:
2044:
2043:
2027:
2018:
2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2001:
1995:. Archived from
1980:
1971:
1965:
1964:
1954:
1928:
1919:
1913:
1912:
1910:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1869:
1860:(328): 492–509.
1845:
1839:
1838:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1740:
1732:
1708:
1702:
1701:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1626:
1620:
1619:
1593:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1567:
1557:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1514:
1499:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1469:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1376:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1349:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1308:
1242:
1230:
1214:invasive species
1036:
1021:
1006:
994:
979:
964:
942:
926:
910:
895:
736:Late Pleistocene
579:). Among these,
563:), Pacific yam (
506:
503:
497:
481:
473:
464:Guyana arrowroot
405:
403:
402:
356:
355:
352:
351:
348:
343:
342:
339:
336:
333:
302:
294:
286:
278:
276:Dioscorea sativa
270:
262:
254:
246:
238:
230:
222:
214:
206:
173:
61:
60:
42:
28:
27:
3073:
3072:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3062:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3006:
2998:
2993:
2985:
2980:
2972:
2967:
2959:
2954:
2946:
2941:
2933:
2928:
2920:
2918:
2910:
2905:
2897:
2892:
2884:
2879:
2871:
2866:
2858:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2832:
2827:
2819:
2814:
2806:
2804:
2796:
2791:
2783:
2778:
2770:
2765:
2757:
2752:
2746:Dioscorea alata
2744:
2739:
2731:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2655:Dioscorea_alata
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2615:
2607:
2605:
2598:Dioscorea alata
2596:
2595:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2575:
2568:Dioscorea alata
2562:
2534:
2532:
2524:
2521:
2516:
2515:
2508:
2504:
2494:
2492:
2482:PLANTS Database
2476:Dioscorea alata
2472:
2471:
2467:
2460:Dioscorea alata
2456:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2412:
2408:
2363:
2359:
2306:
2302:
2263:Dioscorea alata
2259:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2218:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2202:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2152:
2150:
2140:
2136:
2126:
2124:
2117:CNN Philippines
2109:
2105:
2095:
2093:
2083:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2054:
2047:
2040:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1926:
1920:
1916:
1908:10.5334/pia.308
1887:
1883:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1817:
1813:
1772:(6): e0157712.
1754:
1750:
1734:
1733:
1711:Paz VJ (1999).
1709:
1705:
1690:
1686:
1654:
1650:
1643:
1627:
1623:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1526:
1522:
1512:
1510:
1501:
1500:
1493:
1467:
1461:
1457:
1425:
1419:
1412:
1402:
1400:
1382:Dioscorea alata
1378:
1377:
1366:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1342:
1340:
1325:Dioscorea alata
1321:
1320:2: 1033. 1753.
1312:Dioscorea alata
1309:
1305:
1300:
1291:Ipomoea batatas
1253:
1246:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1222:
1142:Dioscorea alata
1139:
1119:
1077:adverse effects
1053:
1046:
1037:
1028:
1022:
1013:
1007:
998:
995:
986:
982:A slice of ube
980:
971:
965:
956:
943:
934:
927:
918:
911:
902:
896:
800:
795:
717:wet cultivation
623:Pacific Islands
557:), lesser yam (
551:), ubi gadong (
527:Dioscorea alata
516:
507:
501:
498:
491:
482:
432:
408:Ipomoea batatas
397:
345:
330:
326:
318:Dioscorea alata
310:
307:
295:(Lour.) Salisb.
197:
196:
180:
175:
171:Dioscorea alata
169:
156:
55:
32:Dioscorea alata
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3000:wfo-0000388864
2991:
2978:
2965:
2952:
2939:
2926:
2916:
2903:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2802:
2789:
2776:
2763:
2750:
2737:
2724:
2711:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2623:
2613:
2603:
2588:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2552:
2551:
2541:
2520:
2519:External links
2517:
2514:
2513:
2502:
2465:
2450:
2439:
2406:
2377:(9): 1484–92.
2357:
2320:(1): 205–216.
2300:
2253:
2226:
2213:OneGreenPlanet
2200:
2174:
2160:
2134:
2103:
2074:
2045:
2038:
2013:
1991:
1966:
1914:
1881:
1840:
1833:
1811:
1748:
1703:
1684:
1665:(7): 919–929.
1648:
1641:
1621:
1602:(2): 169–189.
1579:
1520:
1491:
1455:
1410:
1364:
1350:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1294:
1287:
1280:
1273:
1266:
1259:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1225:
1221:
1218:
1150:Ryukyu Islands
1138:
1135:
1118:
1115:
1063:, there is no
1052:
1049:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1001:
999:
996:
989:
987:
981:
974:
972:
966:
959:
957:
944:
937:
935:
928:
921:
919:
912:
905:
903:
897:
890:
883:sweet potatoes
836:ube cheesecake
804:sweet potatoes
799:
796:
794:
791:
696:Lapita culture
515:
512:
509:
508:
485:
483:
476:
444:ten-months yam
431:
428:
312:
311:
309:
308:
306:
305:
300:Polynome alata
297:
289:
281:
273:
265:
257:
249:
241:
233:
225:
217:
209:
200:
194:
193:
192:
189:
188:
182:
181:
176:
165:
164:
158:
157:
150:
148:
144:
143:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
99:
98:
93:
86:
85:
80:
73:
72:
67:
63:
62:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
16:Species of yam
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3070:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3001:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2983:
2979:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2917:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
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2891:
2887:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2869:
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2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2803:
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2786:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2755:
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2742:
2738:
2734:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
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2699:
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2690:
2686:
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2677:
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2669:
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2630:
2624:
2620:
2614:
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2578:
2574:
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2542:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2511:
2506:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2477:
2474:"Profile for
2469:
2463:
2461:
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2448:
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2429:
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2231:
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2210:
2204:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2170:
2164:
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2145:
2138:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2079:
2063:
2059:
2056:Sutherlin M.
2052:
2050:
2041:
2039:9781902937540
2035:
2031:
2024:
2017:
1998:
1994:
1992:9781902937588
1988:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1962:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1918:
1909:
1904:
1901:(2007): 161.
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1836:
1834:9781760461164
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:(L.) Schott)"
1761:
1752:
1744:
1738:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1707:
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1680:
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1642:9781863204705
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1390:
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1383:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1360:
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1328:
1326:
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1313:
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1271:
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1224:
1223:
1217:
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1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:United States
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:food coloring
1124:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1095:supplements.
1094:
1090:
1086:
1085:anticoagulant
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:folk medicine
1058:
1045:
1041:
1035:
1030:
1027:
1020:
1015:
1011:
1005:
1000:
993:
988:
985:
978:
973:
969:
963:
958:
955:
951:
947:
941:
936:
932:
925:
920:
916:
909:
904:
900:
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889:
888:
887:
884:
879:
877:
876:United States
873:
872:
867:
866:
861:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
790:
788:
784:
780:
776:
772:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
738:, <40,000
737:
733:
729:
725:
720:
718:
713:
709:
705:
704:D. nummularia
702:, along with
701:
697:
693:
689:
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
651:
650:D. alata
646:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:
556:
555:
550:
549:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
520:
505:
495:
489:
486:This article
484:
480:
475:
474:
471:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
354:
324:
320:
319:
301:
298:
293:
290:
285:
282:
277:
274:
269:
266:
261:
258:
253:
250:
245:
242:
237:
234:
229:
226:
221:
218:
213:
210:
205:
202:
201:
199:
198:
190:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
166:
163:
162:Binomial name
159:
155:
154:
153:D. alata
149:
146:
145:
142:
141:
137:
134:
133:
130:
129:Dioscoreaceae
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
83:Tracheophytes
81:
78:
75:
74:
71:
68:
65:
64:
59:
54:
50:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
2567:
2535:February 18,
2533:. Retrieved
2505:
2493:. Retrieved
2481:
2478:(water yam)"
2475:
2468:
2459:
2453:
2442:
2423:
2419:
2409:
2374:
2370:
2360:
2317:
2313:
2303:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2256:
2244:. Retrieved
2217:. Retrieved
2212:
2203:
2191:. Retrieved
2186:
2177:
2163:
2151:. Retrieved
2148:culture trip
2147:
2137:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:the original
2116:
2106:
2094:. Retrieved
2090:
2065:. Retrieved
2061:
2029:
2016:
2004:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1982:
1969:
1937:(1): 56–72.
1934:
1930:
1917:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1824:
1814:
1769:
1765:
1759:
1751:
1737:cite journal
1720:
1716:
1706:
1697:
1693:
1687:
1662:
1658:
1651:
1631:
1624:
1599:
1595:
1582:
1537:
1533:
1523:
1511:. Retrieved
1506:
1475:
1471:
1458:
1433:
1429:
1401:. Retrieved
1387:
1381:
1353:
1341:. Retrieved
1329:
1324:
1315:
1311:
1306:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1141:
1140:
1130:
1120:
1111:kidney stone
1098:
1097:
1092:
1072:
1068:
1059:and used in
1054:
880:
869:
863:
840:ube crinkles
827:
823:
812:anthocyanins
801:
787:sweet potato
768:
763:
759:
755:
723:
721:
712:D. esculenta
711:
708:D. bulbifera
707:
703:
685:
654:
649:
618:
611:D. esculenta
610:
606:
605:
601:D. esculenta
600:
596:
585:D. esculenta
584:
580:
574:
568:
564:
558:
552:
546:
526:
525:
502:October 2021
499:
487:
467:
466:, or simply
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
433:
423:
415:
407:
394:
366:
362:
358:
322:
317:
316:
315:
303:(L.) Salisb.
299:
291:
283:
275:
267:
259:
251:
243:
235:
227:
219:
211:
203:
170:
168:
152:
151:
139:
119:Dioscoreales
102:
89:
76:
31:
25:
2881:NatureServe
2793:iNaturalist
2592:Wikispecies
2273:(1): 33–9.
2265:) tubers".
2006:January 21,
1952:10125/17222
1513:January 21,
1472:HortScience
1202:Puerto Rico
1158:naturalized
1123:anthocyanin
1113:formation.
783:New Zealand
771:Philippines
750:(c. 11,000
710:. In turn,
677:Philippines
663:before the
627:New Zealand
589:famine food
436:Philippines
414:), however
412:Ayamurasaki
367:greater yam
96:Angiosperms
3017:Categories
2948:kew-239747
2943:Plant List
2240:"Wild yam"
2085:Kearns L.
1298:References
1170:Madagascar
1117:Other uses
1091:to use of
1044:ube halaya
984:crepe cake
915:champorado
899:Ube halaya
865:ube halayá
756:D. hispida
742:) and the
728:Niah Caves
681:New Guinea
661:New Guinea
635:Madagascar
593:dioscorine
539:New Guinea
460:violet yam
456:winged yam
385:to bright
363:purple yam
3023:Dioscorea
2759:200028084
2733:200028084
2334:0022-1155
2246:March 15,
2111:Bueno A.
2062:Chowhound
1876:131187696
1854:Antiquity
1436:: 44–61.
1208:, and in
1190:Louisiana
1081:estrogens
1040:Halo-halo
1012:ube donut
931:muscovado
871:halo-halo
844:ice cream
779:Polynesia
775:Melanesia
744:Ille Cave
688:Kuk Swamp
494:talk page
452:white yam
448:water yam
147:Species:
140:Dioscorea
66:Kingdom:
2987:11000003
2982:Tropicos
2886:2.141485
2834:10696994
2821:317625-1
2583:Q1932852
2577:Wikidata
2401:11221328
2393:25848974
2352:29358812
2295:36080604
2187:Frieda's
1961:11596542
1806:27314588
1766:PLOS ONE
1679:35381460
1616:55763047
1574:27247383
1330:Tropicos
1323:"Name -
1251:See also
1148:and the
1131:D. alata
1129:agents.
1103:oxalates
1099:D. alata
1093:D. alata
1073:D. alata
1069:D. alata
1010:Filipino
968:Okinawan
929:Ube and
860:pastries
832:ube cake
798:Culinary
764:D. alata
760:D. alata
724:D. alata
669:cultigen
637:and the
619:D. alata
607:D. alata
597:D. alata
581:D. alata
440:D. alata
424:D. alata
416:D. alata
387:lavender
271:De Wild.
186:Synonyms
125:Family:
109:Monocots
2907:NTFlora
2868:MoBotPF
2772:2754476
2707:1121207
2689:Ecocrop
2495:May 26,
2426:: 1–5.
2343:5756202
2287:7971785
2219:May 18,
2193:May 18,
2153:May 18,
2127:May 18,
2096:May 18,
2067:May 18,
1797:4912093
1774:Bibcode
1700:: 7–11.
1565:4914162
1542:Bibcode
1438:Bibcode
1403:May 26,
1343:May 26,
1220:Gallery
1210:Florida
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