200:
526:
600:
592:
455:
decisions made by catalogers in a given library (or—as is increasingly the case—cataloging consortium), which catalogers consult when making, or revising, decisions about headings. As a result, the records contain documentation about sources used to establish a particular preferred heading, and may contain information discovered while researching the heading which may be useful.
163:. The process of authority control is not only of great help to researchers searching for a particular subject to study, but it can help catalogers organize information as well. Catalogers can use authority records when trying to categorize new items, since they can see which records have already been cataloged and can therefore avoid unnecessary work.
613:
pen names, stage names or other alternative names. It may be particularly difficult to choose a single authorized heading for individuals whose various names have controversial political or social connotations, when the choice of authorized heading may be seen as endorsement of the associated political or social ideology.
635:
and the
Internet, individual cataloging departments within each library generally carried out creating and maintaining a library's authority files. Naturally, there was a considerable difference in the authority files of the different libraries. For the early part of library history, it was generally
472:
Since the headings function as access points, making sure that they are distinct and not in conflict with existing entries is important. For example, the
English novelist William Collins (1824–89), whose works include the Moonstone and The Woman in White is better known as Wilkie Collins. Cataloguers
437:
Sometimes two different authors have been published under the same name. This can happen if there is a title which is identical to another title or to a collective uniform title. This, too, can cause confusion. Different authors can be distinguished correctly from each other by, for example, adding a
612:
The act of choosing a single authorized heading to represent all forms of a name is quite often a difficult and complex task, considering that any given individual may have legally changed their name or used a variety of legal names in the course of their lifetime, as well as a variety of nicknames,
558:
references. These forms of the author's name will appear in the catalog, but only as transcriptions and not as headings. If a user queries the catalog under one of these variant forms of the author's name, he or she would receive the response: "See O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966." There is an additional
122:
As time passes, information changes, prompting needs for reorganization. According to one view, authority control is not about creating a perfect seamless system but rather it is an ongoing effort to keep up with these changes and try to bring "structure and order" to the task of helping users find
520:
is a brief account made by the cataloger about particular information sources used to determine both authorized and deprecated forms. Sometimes this means citing the title and publication date of the source, the location of the name or title on that source, and the form in which it appears on that
454:
A customary way of enforcing authority control in a bibliographic catalog is to set up a separate index of authority records, which relates to and governs the headings used in the main catalog. This separate index is often referred to as an "authority file". It contains an indexable record of all
219:
that collocate all versions of a given work under one unique heading even when such versions are issued under different titles. With authority control, one unique preferred name represents all variations and will include different variations, spellings and misspellings, uppercase versus lowercase
458:
While authority files provide information about a particular subject, their primary function is not to provide information but to organize it. They contain enough information to establish that a given author or title is unique, but that is all; irrelevant but interesting information is generally
393:
Generally, there are different authority file headings and identifiers used by different libraries in different countries, possibly inviting confusion, but there are different approaches internationally to try to lessen the confusion. One international effort to prevent such confusion is the
639:
As libraries became more attuned to the needs of researchers and began interacting more with other libraries, the value of standard cataloging practices came to be recognized. With the advent of automated database technologies, catalogers began to establish cooperative consortia, such as
135:. Authority control helps researchers understand a specific subject with less wasted effort. A well-designed digital catalog/database enables a researcher to query a few words of an entry to bring up the already established term or phrase, thus improving accuracy and saving time.
575:
references, which point from one authorized heading to another authorized heading, are exceedingly rare for personal name authority records, although they often appear in name authority records for corporate bodies. The final four entries in this record beginning with
75:
assign each subject—such as author, topic, series, or corporation—a particular unique identifier or heading term which is then used consistently, uniquely, and unambiguously for all references to that same subject, which removes variations from different spellings,
60:
i.e., they are established in one particular form. These one-of-a-kind headings or identifiers are applied consistently throughout catalogs which make use of the respective authority file, and are applied for other methods of organizing data such as linkages and
540:
such as Flann O'Brien and Myles na
Gopaleen. Catalogers at the United States Library of Congress chose one form—"O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966"—as the official heading. The example contains all three elements of a valid authority record: the first heading
240:
describe the same person so they all redirect to the same main article; in general, all authority records choose one title as the preferred one for consistency. In an online library catalog, various entries might look like the following:
175:. It enables catalogers to detect and correct errors. In some instances, software programs support workers tasked with maintaining the catalog to do ongoing tasks such as automated clean-up. It helps creators and users of metadata.
652:, in which cataloging departments from libraries all over the world contributed their records to, and took their records from, a shared database. This development prompted the need for national standards for authority work.
549:
chose as authoritative. In theory, every record in the catalog that represents a work by this author should have this form of the name as its author heading. What follows immediately below the heading beginning with
210:
Sometimes within a catalog, there are diverse names or spellings for only one person or subject. This variation may cause researchers to overlook relevant information. Authority control is used by catalogers to
96:, and maintaining and updating these files as well as "logical linkages" to other files within them is the work of librarians and other information catalogers. Accordingly, authority control is an example of
111:, series names, and subjects, library catalogers typically focus on author names and titles of works. Traditionally, one of the most commonly used authority files globally are the subject headings from the
438:
middle initial to one of the names; in addition, other information can be added to one entry to clarify the subject, such as birth year, death year, range of active years such as 1918–1965 when the person
1585:
Workshop on the
Compilation, Maintenance, and Dissemination of Taxonomic Authority Files (TAF): a comparison of authority control in the library science and biodiversity information management communities
466:
show the preferred title chosen as the official and authorized version. It is important that the heading be unique; if there is a conflict with an identical heading, then one of the two will have to be
429:
The
English Knowledge prefers the term "Diana, Princess of Wales", but at the bottom of the article about her, there are links to various international cataloging efforts for reference purposes.
1256:
See "Origin of authority" – Middle
English auctorite, from Anglo-French auctorité, from Latin auctoritat-, auctoritas opinion, decision, power, from auctor First Known Use: 13th century...
398:
which is a collaborative attempt to provide a single heading for a particular subject. It is a way to standardize information from different authority files around the world such as the
1435:
595:
Card catalog records such as this one used to be physical cards contained in long rectangular drawers in a library; today, generally, this information is stored in online databases.
693:(MADS), an XML schema for an authority element set that may be used to provide metadata about agents (people, organizations), events, and terms (topics, geographics, genres, etc.).
119:
emerged to function as an authority file due to the popularity of the encyclopedia, where each article is a notable topic or concept similar to other authority files.
264:
These terms describe the same person. Accordingly, authority control reduces these entries to one unique entry or officially authorized heading, sometimes termed an
473:
have to decide which name the public would most likely look under, and whether to use a see also reference to link alternative forms of an individual's name.
636:
accepted that, as long as a library's catalog was internally consistent, the differences between catalogs in different libraries did not matter greatly.
571:
indicates its pronunciation in context. So if a library user comes across this spelling variant, he or she will be led to the same author regardless.
720:
655:
In the United States, the primary organization for maintaining cataloging standards with respect to authority work operates under the aegis of the
459:
excluded. Although practices vary internationally, authority records in the
English-speaking world generally contain the following information:
185:. For example, machines can catch misspellings such as "Elementary school "teachers" and "Pumpkins" which can then be corrected by library staff.
1769:
69:
in terms of its scope and usage, and this organization helps the library staff maintain the catalog and make it user-friendly for researchers.
1333:
1001:
1439:
1377:
1271:
580:
constitute the justification for this particular form of the name: it appeared in this form on the 1939 edition of the author's novel
1297:
1457:
1411:
1076:
729:
442:, or a brief descriptive epithet. When catalogers come across different subjects with similar or identical headings, they can
690:
422:; other authority files have other choices. The Virtual International Authority File choice for all of these variations is
1774:
1576:
1050:
963:
816:
395:
283:
112:
889:
769:
381:
181:. It can help catch errors caused by typos or misspellings which can sometimes accumulate over time, sometimes known as
936:
862:
800:
663:
659:
1210:
563:
inserted because the author also employed the non-anglicized Irish spelling of his pen-name, in which the capitalized
1550:
1521:
1494:
618:
1034:).Pages across the work refer in their text to 2003 as the most recent year, as no other date is specified.-->
790:
361:
215:
materials that logically belong together but that present themselves differently. Records are used to establish
107:
While in theory any piece of information is amenable to authority control such as personal and corporate names,
1654:
1588:
943:
920:
17:
1723:
1244:
1584:
754:
402:(GND) maintained and used cooperatively by many libraries in German-speaking countries and the United States
1724:"ISAAR (CPF): International standard archival authority record for corporate bodies, persons, and families"
931:
632:
1394:
The primary purpose of authority control is to assist the catalogue user in locating items of interest.
1009:
498:
references are forms of the name or title that describe the subject but which have been passed over or
206:
is described in one authority file as "Windsor, Diana, Princess of Wales" which is an official heading.
840:
777:
443:
399:
351:
319:
878:
696:
479:
299:
225:
203:
1659:, Authority Control in the 21st Century: An Invitational Conference. Retrieved on 28 January 2020.
1337:
1231:
Etymology ... autorite "book or quotation that settles an argument", from Old French auctorité...
958:
925:
834:
726:
for
Corporate Bodies, Persons, and Families. Published by the International Council on Archives
1381:
1485:
Authority work: The creation, use, maintenance, and evaluation of authority records and files
808:
141:. It can be used in conjunction with keyword searching using "and" or "not" or "or" or other
101:
97:
1275:
406:. The idea is to create a single worldwide virtual authority file. For example, the ID for
1305:
623:
where various forms of a name are related without the endorsement of one particular form.
8:
1675:
748:
656:
546:
403:
330:
33:
1539:
142:
822:, an aggregation of authority files currently focused on personal and corporate names.
220:
variants, differing dates, and so forth. For example, in
Knowledge, the first wife of
145:
on a web browser. It increases chances that a given search will return relevant items.
1546:
1517:
1490:
1483:
1415:
714:
559:
spelling variant of the
Gopaleen name: "Na gCopaleen, Myles, 1911–1966" has an extra
508:
references point to other forms of the name or title that are also authorized. These
88:. The unique header can guide users to all relevant information including related or
525:
199:
1697:
533:
490:
are other forms of the name or title that might appear in the catalog and include:
1511:
1132:
852:
77:
62:
56:
derives from the idea that the names of people, places, things, and concepts are
45:
41:
1054:
684:
599:
407:
229:
825:
708:
Standards for object identification, controlled by an identification-authority
1763:
1118:
649:
216:
108:
1613:
1160:"authority, prestige, right, permission, dignity, gravity; the Scriptures" (
787:), authority file for personal names, corporate bodies and subject headings.
44:, by using a single, distinct spelling of a name (heading) or an (generally
1218:
951:
92:
subjects. Authority records can be combined into a database and called an
908:
856:
221:
212:
89:
1048:
591:
512:
references generally point to earlier or later forms of a name or title.
1111:
848:
294:
116:
85:
72:
1022:, then ... please see the next footnote, which links to a web page
1727:
1051:"Why Does a Library Catalog Need Authority Control and What Is it?"
1002:"Why Does a Library Catalog Need Authority Control and What Is it?"
884:
537:
340:
306:
81:
1274:. United States: New Mexico State University. 2007. Archived from
1702:
Library of Congress Network Development and MARC Standards Office
1334:"Got authorities? Why authority control is good for your library"
439:
426:— that is, a common number representing all of these variations.
480:
http://www.moyak.com/papers/libraries-bibliographic-control.html
1670:
1635:
1375:
1740:
1721:
1513:
Authority Control: Principles, Applications, and Instructions
1125:
904:
737:
432:
375:
Diana, Princess of Wales English noble and patron, 1961–1997
1044:
1042:
1040:
418:) while the United States Library of Congress uses the term
1242:
1095:
867:
645:
641:
616:
An alternative to using authorized headings is the idea of
603:
Authority control with "Kesey, Ken" as the chosen heading.
194:
1037:
1031:
1616:. Records for Princess Diana, Retrieved on 12 March 2013
724:(CPF) – International Standard Archival Authority Record
40:
is a process that organizes information, for example in
1644:; the original record has been abbreviated for clarity.
1436:"Brief guidelines on authority control decision-making"
1008:. Vermont Department of Libraries. 2003. Archived from
1742:
1577:"A Bird's Eye View of Authority Control in Cataloging"
674:
There are various standards using different acronyms.
1581:
Proceedings of the Taxonomic Authority Files Workshop
717:
identification systems (person-IDs) and authorities:
115:. More recently, links to articles and categories of
65:. Each controlled entry is described in an authority
1625:
Note: this is the article title as of March 12, 2013
1458:"Authority Control in Unicorn WorkFlows August 2001"
1455:
699:, an XML schema for authority records conforming to
1153:"book or quotation that settles an argument," from
797:), authority file for persons and corporate bodies.
1538:
1482:
478:Mason, M.K., Purpose of authority work and files,
312:
27:Unique headings used for bibliographic information
1743:"ICArchives : Page d'accueil : Accueil"
1053:. Vermont Department of Libraries. Archived from
1049:Implementing Authority Control Workshop. (2016).
687:for authority records in machine-readable format.
48:) identifier for each topic or concept. The word
1761:
1656:Access Control Records: Prospects and Challenges
1117:"author, originator, creator, instigator (12c.,
984:Authority control: What it is and why it matters
567:shows the correct root word while the preceding
536:, who lived from 1911 to 1966, wrote under many
126:
1668:
1433:
367:Diana, Walesin prinsessa / KANTO ID: 000104109
1451:
1449:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1371:
1369:
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1359:
1357:
1355:
449:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1266:
1264:
996:
994:
992:
228:as well as numerous other descriptors, e.g.
1509:
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1399:
1352:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1320:
1290:
1261:
989:
877:Other identification systems (for generic
433:Same name describes two different subjects
863:ISBN – International Standard Book Number
626:
251:Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961–1997. (13)
155:Organization and structure of information
901:Standards for identified-object metadata
837:identification systems and authorities:
733:– International Standard Name Identifier
598:
590:
524:
260:DIANA, PRINCESS OF WALES, 1961–1997. (1)
257:Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961–1997. (2)
198:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1574:
1559:
1536:
1376:National Library of Australia. (n.d.).
1272:"Authority Control at the NMSU Library"
1236:
1203:
1069:
502:in favor of the authorized heading form
268:: Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961–1997.
254:Diana, Princess of Wales 1961–1997. (1)
195:Diverse names describe the same subject
14:
1762:
1480:
871:– International Standard Serial Number
820:– Virtual International Authority File
1770:Library cataloging and classification
1336:. Tennessee Libraries. Archived from
1331:
1165:
1030:still exist (at a slightly different
893:– Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names
773:– Global Research Identifier Database
749:scientific and other academic authors
691:Metadata Authority Description Schema
1671:"Program for Cooperative Cataloging"
1614:Virtual International Authority File
1602:
1243:Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2012).
1161:
964:Simple Knowledge Organization System
804:– Library of Congress Control Number
741:– Open Researcher and Contributor ID
396:Virtual International Authority File
387:Diana, prinses van Wales, 1961–1997
335:Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961–1997
284:Virtual International Authority File
1741:International Council on Archives.
1722:International Council on Archives.
1698:"MARC 21 Format for Authority Data"
420:Diana, Princess of Wales, 1961–1997
382:National Library of the Netherlands
24:
1575:Calhoun, Karen (22–23 June 1998).
1154:
937:Library of Congress Classification
664:Name Authority Cooperative Program
660:Program for Cooperative Cataloging
356:Windsor, Diana, Princess of Wales
346:Diana Princess of Wales 1961–1997
25:
1786:
1541:Maxwell's guide to authority work
1304:. 27 October 2018. Archived from
607:
545:is the form of the name that the
372:Getty Union List of Artist Names
1545:. Garfield Library Association.
678:Standards for authority metadata
588:appeared on later publications.
416:Diana < Wales, Prinzessin>
139:Makes searching more predictable
1734:
1715:
1690:
1662:
1647:
1628:
1619:
1530:
1503:
1474:
1378:"Collection description policy"
986:. Retrieved on 27 October 2006.
758:– Digital Author Identification
578:His At Swim-Two-Birds ... 1939.
1726:(2nd ed.). Archived from
1589:California Academy of Sciences
1006:IMPLEMENTING AUTHORITY CONTROL
976:
944:Ontology (information science)
921:Knowledge Organization Systems
532:For example, the Irish writer
446:them using authority control.
173:Easier to maintain the catalog
13:
1:
1456:University Libraries (2012).
1103:
970:
633:online public access catalogs
631:Before the advent of digital
584:, whereas the author's other
552:Na Gopaleen, Myles, 1911–1966
518:Statement(s) of justification
352:Biblioteca Nacional de España
248:Diana, Princess of Wales. (1)
127:Benefits of authority control
932:Dewey Decimal Classification
669:
7:
1775:Library science terminology
1414:. LTI. 2012. Archived from
1298:"Authority Control in OPAC"
1081:Online Etymology Dictionary
1024:having the exact same title
914:
855:identifiers, controlled by
844:– Digital object identifier
791:KANTO – National Agent Data
781:– Integrated Authority File
450:Authority records and files
362:KANTO – National Agent Data
224:is described by an article
189:
167:Maximizes library resources
10:
1791:
1412:"Authority Control at LTI"
543:O'Brien, Flann, 1911–1966
400:Integrated Authority File
320:Integrated Authority File
161:Efficiency for catalogers
1434:NCSU Libraries. (2012).
697:Encoded Archival Context
331:U.S. Library of Congress
300:Diana, Princess of Wales
238:Diana, Princess of Wales
226:Diana, Princess of Wales
1516:. UMI Books on Demand.
1489:. Libraries Unlimited.
812:– National Diet Library
747:, to uniquely identify
1537:Maxwell, R.L. (2002).
1469:Why Authority Control?
1217:. 2012. Archived from
1200:from the 13th century.
1083:. Douglas Harper. 2013
959:Registration authority
926:Library classification
627:Cooperative cataloging
604:
596:
529:
484:
207:
149:Consistency of records
1669:Library of Congress.
1653:Barnhart, L. (n.d.).
1481:Burger, R.H. (1985).
1211:"authority (control)"
948:Proprietary services
857:local law authorities
666:, or NACO Authority.
662:. It is known as the
602:
594:
528:
470:
311:Wikidata identifier:
202:
102:bibliographic control
98:controlled vocabulary
1587:. Washington, D.C.:
1510:Clack, D.H. (1990).
1418:on 15 December 2013.
1221:on 30 September 2019
1180:root words for both
835:Bibliographic object
785:Gemeinsame Normdatei
760:, another subset of
1676:Library of Congress
1640:Library of Congress
1636:"Authorities files"
1442:on 13 January 2013.
1308:on 28 February 2022
1057:on 18 November 2016
881:) and authorities:
827:WorldCat/identities
657:Library of Congress
547:Library of Congress
404:Library of Congress
289:VIAF ID: 107032638
113:Library of Congress
34:information science
1384:on 13 January 2013
1340:on 13 January 2013
1332:Wells, K. (n.d.).
1188:are words such as
982:Block, R. (1999).
743:, a subset of the
605:
597:
530:
424:VIAF ID: 107032638
325:GND ID: 118525123
208:
133:Better researching
715:Legal personality
582:At Swim-Two-Birds
414:(preferred name:
391:
390:
143:Boolean operators
54:authority control
38:authority control
16:(Redirected from
1782:
1755:
1754:
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1443:
1438:. Archived from
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1397:
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1380:. Archived from
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488:Cross references
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78:transliterations
63:cross references
42:library catalogs
21:
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1730:on 5 June 2007.
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1204:
1142:
1110:"father," from
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1074:
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1058:
1047:
1038:
1015:
1013:
1000:
999:
990:
981:
977:
973:
917:
672:
629:
610:
483:
477:
452:
435:
380:
282:
274:Authority File
197:
192:
129:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1788:
1778:
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1714:
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1661:
1646:
1627:
1618:
1601:
1558:
1551:
1529:
1522:
1502:
1495:
1473:
1445:
1421:
1398:
1351:
1319:
1302:LIS BD Network
1289:
1278:on 4 June 2010
1260:
1235:
1202:
1144:authority (n.)
1115:auctor, acteor
1068:
1036:
1012:on 7 June 2015
988:
974:
972:
969:
968:
967:
961:
956:
955:
954:
946:
941:
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1749:18 December
1707:18 December
1594:25 November
1312:27 February
1282:25 November
1245:"authority"
1225:27 February
1061:18 November
909:Dublin Core
343:Identities
232:, but both
222:Charles III
58:authorized,
1764:Categories
1463:23 January
1388:23 January
1344:23 January
1250:7 December
971:References
500:deprecated
440:flourished
364:(Finland)
245:Diana. (1)
90:collocated
73:Catalogers
1745:. Ica.org
1186:authority
1158:auctorité
928:systems:
670:Standards
538:pen names
412:118525123
295:Knowledge
213:collocate
117:Knowledge
82:pen names
50:authority
1682:16 March
1198:autorite
1169:autorité
1151:autorite
1129:auctorem
1124:), from
1094:author (
1077:"auctor"
915:See also
885:GeoNames
573:See also
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510:see also
506:see also
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307:Wikidata
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1166:Mod.Fr.
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1087:19 July
911:, etc.
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521:source.
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100:and of
86:aliases
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1136:auctor
1122:auteur
1106:1300,
1016:22 May
966:(SKOS)
851:, for
322:(GND)
67:record
1194:autor
1178:Note:
1155:O.Fr.
1140:... –
1112:O.Fr.
1108:autor
1026:that
905:vCard
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739:ORCID
722:ISAAR
701:ISAAR
313:Q9685
84:, or
1751:2011
1709:2011
1684:2015
1596:2012
1547:ISBN
1518:ISBN
1491:ISBN
1465:2020
1390:2020
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1314:2022
1284:2012
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1196:and
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1133:nom.
1089:2013
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1028:does
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644:and
642:OCLC
236:and
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891:TGN
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810:NDL
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556:see
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