Émile Zola - Knowledge

461: 3270:[Brigitte Émile-Zola agrees with Mr. Pagès. "I learned about it at the age of 8 from my grandfather, Dr. Jacques Émile-Zola, son of Émile Zola, who raised me. In 1952, a man came to my grandfather's house to give him information about his father's death. He said that he had been present with a friend in his last moments. The friend confessed to him that when he was working on a building near the one where Zola lived, he was contacted by the antidreyfusards, who asked him to plug the chimney of the writer's room. He was paid to carry out the misdeed. So Zola was indeed murdered. My grandfather passed on this story to all his Zola friends and I have done the same all my life."] 536: 826: 1272: 3993: 1015: 387:. The 48-year-old Zola fell in love with Jeanne and fathered two children with her: Denise in 1889 and Jacques in 1891. After Jeanne left Médan for Paris, Zola continued to support and visit her and their children. In November 1891 Alexandrine discovered the affair, which brought the marriage to the brink of divorce. The discord was partially healed, which allowed Zola to take an increasingly active role in the lives of the children. After Zola's death, the children were given his name as their lawful surname. 396: 3268:

assisté un ami dans ses derniers instants. Celui-ci s'était confessé à lui en lui expliquant que, lorsqu'il était ouvrier sur un immeuble situé près de celui où habitait Zola, il avait été contacté par les antidreyfusards lui demandant de boucher la cheminée de la chambre de l'écrivain. Il avait été payé pour exécuter ce méfait. Donc Zola a bien été assassiné. Mon grand-père a transmis cette histoire à tous ses amis zoliens et j'ai fait de même toute ma vie.'

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condemnation, an amnesty bill was passed, covering "all criminal acts or misdemeanours related to the Dreyfus affair or that have been included in a prosecution for one of these acts", indemnifying Zola and Picquart, but also all those who had concocted evidence against Dreyfus. Dreyfus was finally completely exonerated by the Supreme Court in 1906.

1451:"; it is the term used in biology to describe the process whereby the moral and temperamental dispositions of some individuals are unaffected by the hereditary transmission of genetic characteristics. Jean Macquart and Pascal Rougon are two instances of individuals liberated from the blemishes of their ancestors by the operation of the process of 2429:«It is described in a report filed by the Marseille police on April 3, 1845: "We conducted to the Palace of Justice a person named Mustapha, twelve years old, a native of Algiers and a domestic in the service of Monsieur Zola, civil engineer, number 4, rue de l'Arbre, who committed indecent assault on the young Émile Zola, five years old."» 1073:. To an extent, attitudes and value judgments may have been superimposed on that picture with the wisdom of hindsight. Some critics classify Zola's work, and naturalism more broadly, as a particular strain of decadent literature, which emphasized the fallen, corrupted state of modern civilization. Nowhere is the doom-laden image of the 764:, who took up the case, at first discreetly and then increasingly publicly. Meanwhile, further evidence was brought forward by Dreyfus's family and Esterhazy's estranged family and creditors. Under pressure, the general staff arranged for a closed court-martial to be held on 10–11 January 1898, at which Esterhazy was tried 841:. The first judgment was overturned in April on a technicality, but a new suit was pressed against Zola, which opened on 18 July. At his lawyer's advice, Zola fled to England rather than wait for the end of the trial (at which he was again convicted). Without even having had the time to pack a few clothes, he arrived at 1047:, Brigitte Émile-Zola recounts that her grandfather Jacques Émile-Zola, son of Émile Zola, told her at the age of eight that, in 1952, a man came to his house to give him information about his father's death. The man had been with a dying friend, who had confessed to taking money to plug Emile Zola's chimney. 1091: 378:

In 1862 Zola was naturalized as a French citizen. In 1865, he met Éléonore-Alexandrine Meley, who called herself Gabrielle, a seamstress, who became his mistress. They married on 31 May 1870. Together they cared for Zola's mother. She stayed with him all his life and was instrumental in promoting his

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His enemies were blamed for his death because of previous attempts on his life, but nothing could be proven at the time. Expressions of sympathy arrived from everywhere in France; for a week the vestibule of his house was crowded with notable writers, scientists, artists, and politicians who came to

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and Gustave Guiches, who strongly disapproved of the lack of balance of both morals and aesthetics throughout the book's depiction of the revolution. The manifesto accused Zola of having "lowered the standard of Naturalism, of catering to large sales by deliberate obscenities, of being a morbid and

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Brigitte Émile-Zola abonde dans le sens de M. Pagès. 'Je l'ai appris à 8 ans chez mon grand-père, le docteur Jacques Émile-Zola, fils d'Émile Zola, qui m'a élevée. En 1952, un homme s'est présenté chez mon grand-père pour lui donner une information sur la mort de son père. Il a raconté qu'il avait

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was a French-Jewish artillery officer in the French army. In September 1894, French intelligence discovered someone had been passing military secrets to the German Embassy. Senior officers began to suspect Dreyfus, though there was no direct evidence of any wrongdoing. Dreyfus was court-martialed,

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In the preface to the first novel of the series, Zola states, "I want to explain how a family, a small group of regular people, behaves in society, while expanding through the birth of ten, twenty individuals, who seem at first glance profoundly dissimilar, but who are shown through analysis to be

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In France, the furious divisions over the Dreyfus affair continued. The fact of Major Henry's forgery was discovered and admitted to in August 1898, and the Government referred Dreyfus's original court-martial to the Supreme Court for review the following month, over the objections of the General

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when Émile was three years old. In 1845, five-year-old Zola was sexually molested by an older boy. Two years later, in 1847, his father died, leaving his mother on a meager pension. In 1852, Zola entered the Collège Bourbon as a boarding student. He would later complain about poor nutrition and

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under the headline "Was Zola assassinated?" raised the idea that Zola's death might have been a murder rather than an accident. It is based on the revelation by Norman pharmacist Pierre Hacquin, who was told by chimney-sweep Henri Buronfosse that he intentionally blocked the chimney of Zola's

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Dreyfus applied for a retrial, but the government countered by offering Dreyfus a pardon (rather than exoneration), which would allow him to go free, provided that he admit to being guilty. Although he was clearly not guilty, he chose to accept the pardon. Later the same month, despite Zola's

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work. The marriage remained childless. Alexandrine Zola had had a child before she met Zola that she had given up, because she had been unable to take care of it. When she confessed this to Zola after their marriage, they went looking for the girl, but she had died a short time after birth.

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Staff. Eight months later, on 3 June 1899, the Supreme Court annulled the original verdict and ordered a new military court-martial. The same month Zola returned from his exile in England. Still the anti-Dreyfusards would not give up, and on 9 September 1899 Dreyfus was again convicted.

1187:, the eponymous minister's interventions on behalf of his so-called friends, have their consequences elsewhere, and the reader is witness to some of them. Even Nana, one of Zola's characters most strongly associated with Paris, makes a brief and typically disastrous trip to the country. 1063:. They tell the story of a family approximately between the years 1851 and 1871. These twenty novels contain over 300 characters, who descend from the two family lines of the Rougons and Macquarts. In Zola's words, which are the subtitle of the Rougon-Macquart series, they are 934:

caused by an improperly ventilated chimney. His funeral on 5 October was attended by thousands. Alfred Dreyfus initially had promised not to attend the funeral, but was given permission by Zola's widow and attended. At the time of his death Zola had just completed a novel,

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The case, known as the Dreyfus affair, deeply divided France between the reactionary army and Catholic Church on one hand, and the more liberal commercial society on the other. The ramifications continued for many years; on the 100th anniversary of Zola's article, France's

1229:. Essential to Zola's concept of the experimental novel was dispassionate observation of the world, with all that it involved by way of meticulous documentation. To him, each novel should be based upon a dossier. With this aim, he visited the colliery of 513:

intimately linked to one another. Heredity has its own laws, just like gravity. I will attempt to find and to follow, by resolving the double question of temperaments and environments, the thread that leads mathematically from one man to another."

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Zola said of the affair, "The truth is on the march, and nothing shall stop it." Zola's 1898 article is widely viewed in France as the most prominent manifestation of the new power of the intellectuals (writers, artists, academicians) in shaping

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apartment in Paris. Literary historian Alain Pagès believes that is likely true and Zola's great-granddaughters, Brigitte Émile-Zola and Martine Le Blond-Zola, corroborate this explanation of Zola's poisoning by carbon monoxide. As reported in

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life; but the criticism that his characters are "cardboard" is substantially more damaging. Zola, by refusing to make any of his characters larger than life (if that is what he has indeed done), did not inhibit himself from also achieving

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In the Rougon-Macquart novels, provincial life can seem to be overshadowed by Zola's preoccupation with the capital. However, the following novels (see the individual titles in the Livre de poche series) scarcely touch on life in Paris:

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In 1888, he was given a camera, but he only began to use it in 1895 and attained a near professional level of expertise. Also in 1888, Alexandrine hired Jeanne Rozerot, a 21-year-old seamstress who was to live with them in their home in

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called Summerfield. In early October the family moved to London and then his wife and children went back to France so the children could resume their schooling. Thereafter Zola lived alone in the Queen's Hotel, Norwood. He stayed in

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was such a success, Zola was able to renegotiate his contract with his publisher Georges Charpentier to receive more than 14% royalties and the exclusive rights to serial publication in the press. Subsequently, sales of

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by having wrongfully convicted Alfred Dreyfus to life imprisonment on Devil's Island. Zola's intention was that he be prosecuted for libel so that the new evidence in support of Dreyfus would be made public.

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impotent hypochondriac, incapable of taking a sane and healthy view of mankind. They freely referred to Zola's physiological weaknesses and expressed the utmost horror at the crudeness of La Terre."

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the most striking incidents (notably the train crash) take place elsewhere. Even the Paris-centred novels tend to set some scenes outside, if not very far from, the capital. In the political novel

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Although Zola found it scientifically and artistically unjustifiable to create larger-than-life characters, his work presents some larger-than-life symbols which, like the mine Le Voreux in

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forged documents that made it seem as if Dreyfus were guilty, while Picquart was reassigned to duty in Africa. However, Picquart's findings were communicated by his lawyer to the Senator

1371:; later in his life, when he saw his own position turning into an anachronism, he would still style himself with irony and sadness over the lost cause as "an old and rugged Positivist". 1171:, the military novel, is set for the most part in country districts of eastern France; its dénouement takes place in the capital during the civil war leading to the suppression of the 2328: 2306: 1203:

Zola expounded the purposes of the "naturalist" novel. The experimental novel was to serve as a vehicle for scientific experiment, analogous to the experiments conducted by

586:, and other writers at his luxurious villa (worth 300,000 francs) in Médan, near Paris, after 1880. Despite being nominated several times, Zola was never elected to the 2966: 2993: 756:, and informed his superiors. Rather than move to clear Dreyfus, the decision was made to protect Esterhazy and ensure the original verdict was not overturned. Major 509:. The series examines two branches of the family—the respectable (that is, legitimate) Rougons and the disreputable (illegitimate) Macquarts—over five generations. 3168: 2202: 4936: 860:

and shortly afterwards rented a house locally called Penn where he was joined by his family for the summer. At the end of August, they moved to another house in

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are instinct with a vitality which is not human but is the elemental energy of life. Human life is raised to the level of the mythical as the hammerblows of

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Although Zola and Cézanne were friends from childhood, they experienced a falling out later in life over Zola's fictionalised depiction of Cézanne and the

273:; 2 April 1840 – 29 September 1902) was a French novelist, journalist, playwright, the best-known practitioner of the literary school of 4056: 997: 1367:

In Zola there is the theorist and the writer, the poet, the scientist and the optimist – features that are basically joined in his own confession of

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editorials during the Dreyfus affair. As Zola was a leading French thinker and public figure, his letter formed a major turning point in the affair.

3282: 3215:[Hacquin, I'm going to tell you how Zola died. Zola was asphyxiated on purpose. It was us who blocked the chimney of his apartment. ] 730: 354:

Before his breakthrough as a writer, Zola worked for minimal pay as a clerk in a shipping firm and then in the sales department for the publisher

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Steel Wheels: The Evolution of the Railways and how They Stimulated and Excited Engineers, Architects, Artists, Writers, Musicians and Travellers

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wrote that his goal in writing fiction was to document contemporary society in the tradition of John Steinbeck, Charles Dickens, and Émile Zola.

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The optimist is that other face of the scientific experimenter, the man with an unshakable belief in human progress. Zola bases his optimism on

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Zola strongly claimed that Naturalist literature is an experimental analysis of human psychology. Considering this claim, many critics, such as

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See Émile Zola's speech at the annual banquet of the Students' Association at the Hotel Moderne in Paris, 20 May 1893, published in English by

2860: 2893: 5011: 4787: 1065:"L'Histoire naturelle et sociale d'une famille sous le Second Empire" ("The natural and social history of a family under the Second Empire"). 3165:"Paris Monuments Panthéon-Close up picture of the interior of the crypt of Victor Hugo (left) Alexandre Dumas (middle) Emile Zola (right)" 963:

inscribe their names in the registers. On the other hand, Zola's enemies used the opportunity to celebrate in malicious glee. Writing in

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impress the reader with the vivid reality of human beings. The great natural processes of seedtime and harvest, death and renewal in

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During his early years, Zola wrote numerous short stories and essays, four plays, and three novels. Among his early books was

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Because of Zola's article, ... the intellectual class was accorded the status it still holds as molder of public opinion.

1139:(the Atlantic coast), and the four novels set in and around Plassans (modelled on his childhood home, Aix-en-Provence), ( 4040: 5031: 3754:

Studies in European Realism: A Sociological Survey of the Writings of Balzac, Stendhal, Zola, Tolstoy, Gorki and Others

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Studies in European Realism. A Sociological Survey of the Writings of Balzac, Stendhal, Zola, Tolstoy, Gorki and Others

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Zola was brought to trial for criminal libel on 7 February 1898, and was convicted on 23 February and removed from the

502: 605:), a number of plays, and several volumes of criticism. He wrote every day for around 30 years, and took as his motto 4780: 4093: 3710: 3570: 3419: 3367: 2688: 2397: 661:

He is considered to be a significant influence on those writers that are credited with the creation of the so-called

358:. He also wrote literary and art reviews for newspapers. As a political journalist, Zola did not hide his dislike of 4996: 3778: 3409: 3320: 367: 4825: 4817: 4500: 4452: 3945: 980:

in Paris, but on 4 June 1908, just five years and nine months after his death, his remains were relocated to the

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appeared as a serial in 1867. He was also an aggressive critic, his articles on literature and art appearing in

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series), emphasizes the squalid aspects of the human environment and upon the seamy side of human nature.

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se confondent les caractères physiques et moraux des parents, sans que rien d'eux semble s'y retrouver

1149: 977: 475: 3662: 1598: 931: 416: 296: 4476: 3960: 1465: 989: 4868: 4690: 4655: 4460: 1499: 1473:, which devotes significant footage to Zola's involvement in exonerating Dreyfus. The film won the 1307: 761: 3129: 578:(1892). He became a figurehead among the literary bourgeoisie and organised cultural dinners with 4722: 4444: 2792: 2183: 2132: 842: 638:) and by the realism of Balzac and Flaubert. He also provided the libretto for several operas by 589: 274: 124: 3941: 4744: 4728: 4631: 4070: 616:

The self-proclaimed leader of French naturalism, Zola's works inspired operas such as those of

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Zola a été asphyxié volontairement. C'est nous qui avons bouché la cheminée de son appartement

838: 32: 4428: 4404: 4153: 4021: 3084:"Thousands March at Funeral of Émile Zola: Municipal Guards Line the Route to Preserve Order" 2477: 1969: 1627: 1409: 1142: 1070: 853: 825: 608: 506: 311:(originally Francesco Zolla) and Émilie Aubert. His father was an Italian engineer with some 2782: 2225: 493: 487:

cycle, which details the history of a single family under the reign of Napoléon III. Unlike

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August, Marilyn (14 December 2000). "IN LATER YEARS, ZOLA SAW WORLD THROUGH A CAMERA".

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Gravestone of Émile Zola at cimetière Montmartre; his remains are now interred in the

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and acquitted. Picquart was detained on charges of violation of professional secrecy.

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Hitchens, Christopher (2001). Letters to a young contrarian. Basic Books. p. xiii.

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of France and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer

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and on the supposed capacity of the human race to make progress in a moral sense.

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Lire, voir, entendre – un avocat pour Zola, pour Dreyfus, contre la terre entière

3726: 3144:"Full text of 'Emile Zola Novelist And Reformer An Account Of His Life And Work'" 2653: 2387: 2094: 1952: 1772: 1605: 1348: 1298: 1249: 1244: 1167: 1019: 970: 906: 809: 635: 444:, who painted a portrait of him with another friend from Aix-en-Provence, writer 324: 269: 4099:

Emile Zola Writes a Letter to Alfred Dreyfus at the Height of the Dreyfus Affair

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style. His widowed mother had planned a law career for Émile, but he failed his

340: 4195: 3923: 3688: 3609: 2046: 1676: 1382: 1347:, the walled park of Le Paradou encloses a re-enactment—and restatement—of the 1321: 1234: 1204: 993: 882: 737: 726: 702: 662: 639: 631: 622: 551: 407:, published in 1864. With the publication of his sordid autobiographical novel 286: 282: 3932: 2152: 792: 771:

In response Zola risked his career and more, and on 13 January 1898 published

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The poet is the artist in words whose writing, as in the racecourse scene in

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Bernheimer, Charles (1999). "Unknowing Decadence". In Constable, Liz (ed.).

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claimed Zola had committed suicide, having discovered Dreyfus to be guilty.

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accused the highest levels of the French Army of obstruction of justice and

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in northern France, in February 1884 when a strike was on; he visited La

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A 1953 investigation by journalist Jean Bedel published in the newspaper

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Zola visited historic locations including a Church of England service at

819: 788: 779: 706: 682: 556: 517: 469: 445: 344: 112: 4160: 3614:"Review: In 'Cézanne et Moi,' Zola and the Artist Are Pals. However ..." 2743: 1981: 1636: 1400: 2822: 2818: 1368: 1319:, take on the nature of a surrogate human life. The mine, the still in 1216: 1212: 861: 686: 3867:

The Disappearance of Émile Zola: Love, Literature and the Dreyfus Case

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The Week: A Canadian Journal of Politics, Literature, Science and Arts

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Captioned "French Realism", caricature of Zola in the London magazine

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was released. The signatories included Paul Bonnetain, J. H. Rosny,

327:; his mother was French. The family moved to Aix-en-Provence in the 289:, which is encapsulated in his renowned newspaper opinion headlined 4894: 4251: 3973: 3969: 3199: 3103:"From the archives The tragic death of M. Zola", 30 September 1902" 2086: 1740: 1333: 1254: 1239: 1117: 1106: 901: 845:

on 19 July, the start of a brief and unhappy residence in the UK.

711: 627: 411:(1865) attracting police attention, Hachette fired Zola. His novel 333: 328: 320: 384: 339:

In 1858, the Zolas moved to Paris, where Émile's childhood friend

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Zola, the Body Modern: Pressures and Prospects of Representation.

3345:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 50–64. 2870: 2861:"World News Briefs; French Paper Apologizes For Slurs on Dreyfus" 2835:"Correspondence Between Emile Zola and Imprisoned Alfred Dreyfus" 655: 191: 3809: 3722: 3274: 2285:. Paris, France: Presses universitaires de France. p. 23. 2177: 1220: 481:

More than half of Zola's novels were part of the twenty-volume

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Garden of Zola: Emile Zola and his Novels for English Readers

3471:"Émile Zola to France's Young Generation (1893) – Positivism" 1230: 1211:. Claude Bernard's experiments were in the field of clinical 830: 256: 107: 16:

French novelist, journalist, playwright, and poet (1840–1902)

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Perennial Decay: On the Aesthetics and Politics of Decadence

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Most of the Rougon-Macquart novels were written during the

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The Three Cities Trilogy Complete: Lourdes, Rome and Paris

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References to Émile Zola in historic European newspapers

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Letter from Émile Zola to Jules Lemaître, 14 March 1885.

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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language

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Luc Barbut-Davray, Portrait of Zola, oil on canvas, 1899

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in the 1890s. His works were inspired by the concept of

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Zola et autour d'une oeuvre : Au bonheur des dames

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are seemingly heard underground at Le Voreux, or as in

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came across evidence that implicated another officer,

2780: 555:, Émile Zola became wealthy; he was better paid than 366:, only to use this position as a springboard for the 277:, and an important contributor to the development of 244: 212: 3188: 3186: 2114: 1521:, that explores the friendship between Zola and the 1416:"), need always amount to a philosophical denial of 899:

published "The Manifesto of the Five" shortly after

856:, Victoria, Zola went to the Oatlands Park Hotel in 295: Zola was nominated for the first and second 253: 218: 3835:Newton, Joy (1967). "Émile Zola: impressionniste". 1469:(1937) is a well-received film biography, starring 719:for Thursday 13 January 1898, with the open letter 250: 209: 3082: 2683:. Los Angeles: J. Paul Getty Museum. p. 143. 1424:", a term of abuse invented by an early critic of 597:Zola's output also included novels on population ( 3183: 4908: 3912:(in French). Paris: Louis Audibert. p. 153. 3207:Hacquin, je vais vous dire comment Zola est mort 1847: 3886:Émile Zola: An Introductory Study of His Novels 2965:Bridger, David; Wolk, Samuel (1 January 1976). 2837:. Shapell Manuscript Foundation. Archived from 2385: 893:On August 18, 1887, the French daily newspaper 4937:19th-century French dramatists and playwrights 783:. The newspaper was run by Ernest Vaughan and 440:In Paris, Zola maintained his friendship with 343:soon joined him. Zola started to write in the 4781: 4119: 3638:Zola et les mythes: ou, de la nausée au salut 2985: 1480:Zola is known to have been an inspiration to 1447:is defined by Zola as that process in which " 3228:L'affaire Dreyfus : vérités et légendes 3192: 2917:. Weybridge Society. Spring 2019. p. 24 2386:Sacquin, Michèle; Cabannes, Viviane (2002). 2158:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 1625: 1616: 1431: 1176: 1140: 1098:advertising the publication of Zola's novel 942: 936: 888: 587: 521: 482: 430: 134: 3848:(in French). Vol. 34. pp. 124–38. 3063:. History Today Volume 52. 9 September 2002 2964: 2566:. Farrar Straus Giroux. pp. 614, 615. 2445:. Farrar Straus Giroux. p. 21 and 23. 2362:"Zola, Émile Édouard Charles Antoine" 1190: 947:, had been planned, but was not completed. 606: 4788: 4774: 4126: 4112: 3991: 3904: 3839:(in French). Vol. 33. pp. 39–52. 3340: 2591:. Farrar Straus Giroux. pp. 646–648. 1007:, a disgruntled journalist and admirer of 31: 3803: 3768: 3697:. London: Walter Scott. pp. 131–157. 3193:Mounier-Kuhn, Angélique (8 August 2014). 3121: 2891: 2765: 2748:, Paris : Charpentier, pp. 1–53 2329:"Nomination Database – Literature – 1902" 2307:"Nomination Database – Literature – 1901" 2280: 1380:or in the descriptions of the laundry in 1133:(collieries in the northeast of France), 281:. He was a major figure in the political 3777:]. Que sais-je? (in French). Paris: 3716: 2991: 2358: 2354: 2352: 2350: 2348: 2346: 1475:Academy Award for Outstanding Production 1358: 1270: 1209:Introduction à la médecine expérimentale 1089: 1013: 949: 921: 824: 710: 534: 459: 394: 4014:Émile Zola at InterText Digital Library 3407: 3280: 2641:. Paris, France: Gallimard. p. 27. 2196: 2014:The Ladies Paradise/The Ladies' Delight 1219:influenced by the natural environment. 429:(1867), Zola started the series called 5022:People from Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur 4909: 3999:Life of Émile Zola on NotreProvence.fr 3880: 3843: 3834: 3748: 3608: 3355: 3251:Andréa, Alain E. (10 September 2019). 3250: 3128:. John Lane, the Bodley Head. p. 3028:"From the Stacks: "Realism in France"" 2678: 2546: 2496:Berg, William J. (24 September 2020). 2469: 2467: 2465: 1931: 1059:novels are a panoramic account of the 89:Novelist, journalist, playwright, poet 4982:Deaths from carbon monoxide poisoning 4769: 4107: 4068: 4054:Livres audio gratuits pour Émile Zola 3687: 3656: 3635: 3311:"Rougon-Macquart cycle: Work by Zola" 3225: 3004:from the original on 7 September 2022 2994:"The Dreyfus Affair's Living History" 2814: 2812: 2616:. Farrar Straus Giroux. p. 802. 2611: 2586: 2561: 2526:. Farrar Straus Giroux. p. 195. 2521: 2491: 2489: 2487: 2440: 2412: 2343: 1517:(2016) is a French film, directed by 1458: 941:, about the Dreyfus trial. A sequel, 777:on the front page of the Paris daily 268: 5012:French psychological fiction writers 3859:. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 3640:. Pierres vives (in French). Paris: 3382: 3281:Cummins, Anthony (5 December 2015). 3025: 2935: 2925:– via weybridgesociety.org.uk. 2741: 2651: 2636: 2495: 2417:. Farrar Straus Giroux. p. 23. 2392:. Bibliothèque nationale de France. 1083:, which culminates in echoes of the 3167:. ParisPhotoGallery. Archived from 2971:. Behrman House, Inc. p. 111. 2770:. Presses universitaires de France. 2551:. p. F-8 – via ProQuest. 2462: 1266: 1051:Scope of the Rougon-Macquart series 549:From 1877, with the publication of 13: 3629: 3518:, preface to 2nd edition, p. viii. 3356:Nelson, Brian (15 February 2007). 2992:Swardson, Anne (14 January 1998). 2809: 2484: 1588:Jacques Damour et autres nouvelles 1538: 1354: 930:Zola died on 29 September 1902 of 741:convicted of treason, and sent to 725:, written by Émile Zola about the 715:Front page cover of the newspaper 455: 307:Zola was born in Paris in 1840 to 201:Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola 46:Émile Édouard Charles Antoine Zola 14: 5048: 4022:Émile Zola at Livres & Ebooks 3924:Works by Émile Zola in eBook form 3917: 3537:, preface to 2nd edition, p. xiv. 3408:Garnett, A. F. (1 January 2005). 3387:. Paris, France: Livre de poche. 3122:Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred (1904). 3061:"The Strange Death of Emile Zola" 2936:Watt, Peter (21 September 2017). 2892:Vizetelly, Ernest Alfred (1904). 976:Zola was initially buried in the 852:. After initially staying at the 696: 520:life of painters in Zola's novel 368:coup d'état that made him emperor 5002:French people of Italian descent 4957:20th-century French male writers 4947:19th-century French male writers 4041:Bibliothèque nationale de France 3977: 3779:Presses Universitaires de France 2117: 1596:(1877), short story included in 869:from October 1898 to June 1899. 731:Museum of Jewish Art and History 503:Baron Haussmann's changing Paris 240: 205: 190: 4942:19th-century French journalists 3745:. London: Barrie & Jenkins. 3602: 3576: 3559: 3540: 3521: 3502: 3485: 3463: 3454: 3441: 3428: 3401: 3376: 3359:The Cambridge Companion to Zola 3349: 3334: 3244: 3219: 3157: 3136: 3115: 3095: 3075: 3053: 3026:Boyd, Ernest (19 August 2013). 3019: 2958: 2929: 2900: 2885: 2853: 2827: 2774: 2759: 2735: 2705: 2672: 2645: 2630: 2605: 2580: 2555: 2540: 2515: 2434: 2406: 2379: 2359:Marzials, Frank Thomas (1911). 2257:"Emile Zola Biography (Writer)" 1533: 1325:and the locomotive La Lison in 1175:. Though Paris has its role in 984:, where he shares a crypt with 568:were even exceeded by those of 423:. After his first major novel, 5007:French people of Greek descent 4977:Burials at the Panthéon, Paris 4972:Burials at Montmartre Cemetery 4932:Naturalized citizens of France 4573:Nana, the True Key of Pleasure 4133: 3362:. Cambridge University Press. 2781:Richard Langham Smith (2001). 2321: 2299: 2274: 2249: 2218: 2190: 2165: 2145: 1834:(1903, published posthumously) 1503:is based on Zola's 1883 novel 613:("not a day without a line"). 1: 4962:20th-century French novelists 4952:19th-century French novelists 3869:. London: Faber & Faber. 3321:Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 2681:Books : a living history 2206:(5th ed.). HarperCollins 2138: 1848:Works translated into English 1487:Letters to a Young Contrarian 1127:(an unnamed cathedral city), 373: 302: 4189:Son Excellence Eugène Rougon 3952:Works by or about Émile Zola 2915:Weybridge Society Newsletter 2908:"Zola in Exile in Weybridge" 2498:"Émile Zola | French author" 1976:His Excellency Eugène Rougon 1669:Son Excellence Eugène Rougon 1201:Les Romanciers naturalistes, 1184:Son Excellence Eugène Rougon 319:in 1795, and engineered the 7: 4967:Accidental deaths in France 4737:A Studio at Les Batignolles 4565:The Demise of Father Mouret 3976:(public domain audiobooks) 3451:, Paris: 1903, pp. 126–129. 3449:Les Romanciers naturalistes 3203:(in French). pp. 8–9. 2968:The New Jewish Encyclopedia 2110: 1919:The Mysteries of Marseilles 885:, the media and the state. 450:Paul Alexis Reading to Zola 10: 5053: 5027:People of Venetian descent 3497:http://www.positivists.org 3438:, London: 1950, pp. 91–95. 2231:Collins English Dictionary 1970:The Fortune of the Rougons 1414:dépourvus de libre arbitre 1121:(peasant life in Beauce), 754:Ferdinand Walsin Esterhazy 700: 315:ancestry, who was born in 297:Nobel prizes in literature 160:Éléonore-Alexandrine Meley 5032:Unsolved deaths in France 4879: 4852: 4809: 4709: 4674: 4615: 4396: 4353: 4335: 4305:Les Mystères de Marseille 4296: 4182:La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret 4141: 3804:Mitterand, Henri (1999). 3769:Mitterand, Henri (1986). 3717:Hemmings, F.W.J. (1966). 3663:Farrar, Straus and Giroux 3657:Brown, Frederick (1995). 3195:"L'asphyxie d'Émile Zola" 2766:Mitterand, Henri (1986). 2723:(4): 61. 27 December 1883 2658:. Library of Alexandria. 2612:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2587:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2562:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2522:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2441:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2413:Brown, Frederick (1995). 2281:Mitterand, Henri (2002). 1661:La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret 1553:Les Mystères de Marseille 1389:La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret 1344:La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret 1156:La Faute de l'Abbé Mouret 932:carbon monoxide poisoning 889:The Manifesto of the Five 413:Les Mystères de Marseille 390: 189: 184: 164: 156: 130: 120: 101: 93: 85: 75: 61: 42: 30: 23: 5017:Lycée Saint-Louis alumni 4059:31 December 2010 at the 4004:25 December 2017 at the 3550:, vol. 22, Paris: 1928, 3531:, vol. 34, Paris: 1928, 3512:, vol. 34, Paris: 1928, 2001:The Conquest of Plassans 1430:(a novel which predates 1207:and expounded by him in 1191:Quasi-scientific purpose 917: 762:Auguste Scheurer-Kestner 399:Zola early in his career 4997:French male journalists 4175:La Conquête de Plassans 4069:Woehr, Jack J. (2004). 3316:Encyclopædia Britannica 2793:Oxford University Press 2549:Pittsburgh Post-Gazette 2502:Encyclopedia Britannica 2372:Encyclopædia Britannica 2184:Oxford University Press 2133:List of unsolved deaths 2039:The Bright Side of Life 1653:La Conquête de Plassans 1576:Nouveaux Contes à Ninon 1546:La Confession de Claude 1386:or in many passages of 1150:La Conquête de Plassans 978:Cimetière de Montmartre 559:, for example. Because 476:São Paulo Museum of Art 409:La Confession de Claude 4745:The Life of Emile Zola 4729:Portrait of Emile Zola 4675:Television adaptations 4085:Works about Émile Zola 3771:Zola et le naturalisme 3701:Harrow, Susan (2010). 2938:"Zola's bicycle women" 2768:Zola et le naturalisme 2679:Martyn, Lyons (2011). 2283:Zola et le naturalisme 2020:The Sin of Abbé Mouret 1925:The Fête at Coqueville 1626: 1617: 1466:The Life of Émile Zola 1432: 1422:la littérature putride 1364: 1286: 1280:Portrait of Émile Zola 1177: 1141: 1111: 1077:so clearly seen as in 1031: 1026:and Émile Zola at the 959: 943: 937: 927: 834: 733: 607: 588: 546: 522: 483: 478: 431: 400: 364:French Second Republic 177:Émilie Aubert (mother) 135: 4992:French male novelists 4154:La Fortune des Rougon 4037:Émile Zola exhibition 3961:Émile Zola Collection 3741:King, Graham (1978). 3226:Pagès, Alain (2019). 2745:Le Roman expérimental 2639:La Fortune des Rougon 2180:UK English Dictionary 1628:La Fortune des Rougon 1582:Le Roman Experimental 1484:as found in his book 1410:Pierre-Auguste Renoir 1362: 1274: 1197:Le Roman expérimental 1143:La Fortune des Rougon 1093: 1071:French Third Republic 1017: 953: 925: 828: 818:, apologised for its 714: 609:Nulla dies sine linea 538: 507:Industrial Revolution 472:Reading to Émile Zola 463: 398: 279:theatrical naturalism 4699:The Ladies' Paradise 4224:Au Bonheur des Dames 3846:Cahiers naturalistes 3844:Newton, Joy (1967). 3837:Cahiers naturalistes 3808:(in French). Paris: 3713:. OCLC 9781906540760 3636:Borie, Jean (1971). 3548:Les Œuvres complètes 3529:Les Œuvres complètes 3510:Les Œuvres complètes 3383:Zola, Émile (2003). 2742:Zola, Émile (1902), 2652:Zola, Émile (2005). 2637:Zola, Émile (1981). 1815:Les Quatre Évangiles 1709:Au Bonheur des Dames 1599:Les Soirées de Médan 1506:Au Bonheur des Dames 1482:Christopher Hitchens 1061:Second French Empire 926:Zola on his deathbed 829:Portrait of Zola by 501:, in the context of 4632:L'attaque du moulin 4616:Musical adaptations 4485:Shop Girls of Paris 4386:Les Quatre journées 4144:Les Rougon-Macquart 3985:Works by Émile Zola 3970:Works by Émile Zola 3965:Harry Ransom Center 3942:Works by Émile Zola 3933:Works by Émile Zola 3906:Warembourg, Nicolas 3775:Zola and Naturalism 3495:on 11 June 1893 at 3288:The Daily Telegraph 2998:The Washington Post 1962:The Rougon-Macquart 1932:Modern translations 1619:Les Rougon-Macquart 1594:L'Attaque du moulin 1433:Les Rougon-Macquart 1085:Franco-Prussian War 758:Hubert-Joseph Henry 618:Gustave Charpentier 584:Joris-Karl Huysmans 484:Les Rougon-Macquart 433:Les Rougon-Macquart 351:examination twice. 137:Les Rougon-Macquart 37:Self-portrait, 1902 5037:Writers from Paris 4168:Le Ventre de Paris 4027:4 May 2016 at the 3890:Secker and Warburg 3853:Richardson, Joanna 3618:The New York Times 3590:. BBC. 17 May 2012 3493:The New York Times 3473:. 14 November 2012 3089:The New York Times 2866:The New York Times 2788:Grove Music Online 2331:. Nobel Foundation 2309:. Nobel Foundation 2032:The Belly of Paris 1645:Le Ventre de Paris 1523:Post-Impressionist 1459:In popular culture 1420:. The creator of " 1395:Le Ventre de Paris 1365: 1287: 1257:(when researching 1112: 1110:, 25 November 1884 1032: 960: 928: 835: 791:to the president, 785:Georges Clemenceau 745:in French Guiana. 734: 590:Académie française 547: 494:La Comédie Humaine 479: 401: 299:in 1901 and 1902. 270:[emilzɔla] 4904: 4903: 4763: 4762: 4287:Le Docteur Pascal 4046:Lorgues, Plassans 3937:Project Gutenberg 3875:978-0-57131-201-6 3819:978-2-213-60083-3 3788:978-2-13-039642-0 3705:Legenda: London. 3672:978-0-374-29742-8 3661:. New York City: 3642:Éditions du Seuil 3612:(29 March 2017). 3553:Le Docteur Pascal 3230:. Paris: Perrin. 3091:. 6 October 1902. 2873:. 13 January 1998 2802:978-1-56159-263-0 2713:"Literary gossip" 2665:978-1-4655-2672-4 1781:Le Docteur Pascal 1162:Le Docteur Pascal 850:Westminster Abbey 580:Guy de Maupassant 232: 198: 197: 121:Literary movement 65:29 September 1902 5044: 4790: 4783: 4776: 4767: 4766: 4557:The Game Is Over 4533:La Bestia humana 4397:Film adaptations 4231:La joie de vivre 4203:Une page d'amour 4128: 4121: 4114: 4105: 4104: 4089:Internet Archive 4081: 4079: 4077: 4065: 4050: 4033: 4018: 4010: 3995: 3981: 3980: 3956:Internet Archive 3913: 3901: 3849: 3840: 3831: 3800: 3765: 3738: 3698: 3691:(1898). "Zola". 3684: 3653: 3623: 3622: 3606: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3595: 3588:BBC Media Centre 3580: 3574: 3563: 3557: 3544: 3538: 3525: 3519: 3506: 3500: 3489: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3467: 3461: 3458: 3452: 3445: 3439: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3405: 3399: 3398: 3380: 3374: 3373: 3353: 3347: 3346: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3329: 3327: 3307: 3301: 3300: 3298: 3296: 3278: 3272: 3271: 3264: 3262: 3256:L'Orient-Le Jour 3248: 3242: 3241: 3223: 3217: 3216: 3190: 3181: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3171:on 19 April 2012 3161: 3155: 3154: 3152: 3150: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3119: 3113: 3112: 3099: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3079: 3073: 3072: 3070: 3068: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3046: 3032:The New Republic 3023: 3017: 3016: 3011: 3009: 2989: 2983: 2982: 2962: 2956: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2942: 2933: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2912: 2904: 2898: 2897: 2889: 2883: 2882: 2880: 2878: 2857: 2851: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2831: 2825: 2816: 2807: 2806: 2791:(8th ed.). 2778: 2772: 2771: 2763: 2757: 2756: 2755: 2753: 2739: 2733: 2732: 2730: 2728: 2709: 2703: 2702: 2676: 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217: 214: 211: 194: 140: 68: 54: 52: 35: 21: 20: 5052: 5051: 5047: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5042: 5041: 4907: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4875: 4848: 4805: 4794: 4764: 4759: 4740:(1870 painting) 4732:(1868 painting) 4705: 4670: 4643:(1903 oratorio) 4611: 4541:Lovers of Paris 4477:La Bête Humaine 4421:Maddalena Ferat 4392: 4349: 4331: 4319:Madeleine Férat 4292: 4266:La Bête humaine 4137: 4132: 4075: 4073: 4063: 4061:Wayback Machine 4048: 4031: 4029:Wayback Machine 4016: 4008: 4006:Wayback Machine 3978: 3928:Standard Ebooks 3920: 3820: 3789: 3727:Clarendon Press 3689:Ellis, Havelock 3673: 3632: 3630:Further reading 3627: 3626: 3610:Holden, Stephen 3607: 3603: 3593: 3591: 3582: 3581: 3577: 3564: 3560: 3545: 3541: 3526: 3522: 3507: 3503: 3490: 3486: 3476: 3474: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3459: 3455: 3446: 3442: 3434:György Lukács, 3433: 3429: 3422: 3406: 3402: 3395: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3354: 3350: 3339: 3335: 3325: 3323: 3309: 3308: 3304: 3294: 3292: 3279: 3275: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3245: 3238: 3224: 3220: 3191: 3184: 3174: 3172: 3163: 3162: 3158: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3141: 3137: 3120: 3116: 3111:. 29 June 2002. 3101: 3100: 3096: 3081: 3080: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3059: 3058: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3024: 3020: 3007: 3005: 2990: 2986: 2979: 2963: 2959: 2949: 2947: 2940: 2934: 2930: 2920: 2918: 2910: 2906: 2905: 2901: 2890: 2886: 2876: 2874: 2859: 2858: 2854: 2844: 2842: 2833: 2832: 2828: 2819:J'accuse letter 2817: 2810: 2803: 2779: 2775: 2764: 2760: 2751: 2749: 2740: 2736: 2726: 2724: 2711: 2710: 2706: 2691: 2677: 2673: 2666: 2650: 2646: 2635: 2631: 2624: 2610: 2606: 2599: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2560: 2556: 2545: 2541: 2534: 2520: 2516: 2506: 2504: 2494: 2485: 2472: 2463: 2453: 2439: 2435: 2425: 2411: 2407: 2400: 2384: 2380: 2357: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2327: 2326: 2322: 2312: 2310: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2293: 2279: 2275: 2265: 2263: 2255: 2254: 2250: 2240: 2238: 2224: 2223: 2219: 2209: 2207: 2195: 2191: 2171: 2170: 2166: 2151: 2150: 2146: 2141: 2123: 2118: 2116: 2113: 2055:The Masterpiece 1938:Madeleine Férat 1934: 1850: 1845: 1757:La Bête humaine 1569:Madeleine Férat 1541: 1539:French language 1536: 1461: 1357: 1355:Zola's optimism 1349:Book of Genesis 1328:La Bête humaine 1299:Charles Dickens 1269: 1260:La Bête humaine 1245:Sedan, Ardennes 1193: 1178:La Bête humaine 1057:Rougon-Macquart 1053: 1020:Alexandre Dumas 1009:Édouard Drumont 1000: 990:Alexandre Dumas 971:Henri Rochefort 966:L'Intransigeant 920: 907:Lucien Descaves 891: 854:Grosvenor Hotel 709: 701:Main articles: 699: 636:Hippolyte Taine 530:The Masterpiece 458: 456:Literary output 393: 376: 325:Aix-en-Provence 305: 265: 243: 234: 233: 208: 204: 180: 150:Madeleine Férat 80:Panthéon, Paris 70: 66: 56: 50: 48: 47: 38: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5050: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4994: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4898: 4891: 4883: 4881: 4877: 4876: 4874: 4873: 4872:(2001 musical) 4869:Thou Shalt Not 4865: 4861:Thérèse Raquin 4856: 4854: 4850: 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